自考英语讲义0303

自考英语（二）讲义完整版三自考英语（二）讲义完整版三Unit 2 练习：1.词汇英译汉：escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all2.句子英译汉：1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.7）There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.8）They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.3 句子汉译英黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。

Unit 3 Green TransportationA FAMOUS QUOTEThe earth provides enough to satisfy every man's need, but not every man's greed.—— Mohandas Gandhi地球可以满足人类的需求，但无法填平人类的欲壑。

——莫汉达斯·甘地Mohandas Gandhi（1869-1948）, preeminent leader of the Indian nationalist movement against British rule, also a worldwide icon of nonviolent political resistance.圣雄甘地（1869 –1948 ）是印度民族主义运动的杰出领导者，他带领国家反抗英国的殖民统治。

他也是全世界范围的“非暴力”政治抵抗运动的偶像。

Speaking ActivityMaking an ApologySample DialogueRead the following conversation. Pay attention to how the speakers apologize and accept an apology.Becky: Curt.Curt: Oh, hi.Becky: Can I talk to you for a minute?Curt: I'm really busy right now.Becky: Just a minute. I promise it won't take long.Curt: Okay. Let's talk over here.Becky: Curt, I'm really sorry I told Joyce that you had a crush on her. We were talking last Friday and it just slipped out.Curt: But I told you about Joyce in confidence.Becky: I know. It's totally my fault. I really regret saying anything. I wish I could take it back.I just want you to know I'm really sorry and I hope you'll accept my apology.Curt: What's done is done. I was really annoyedwhen I found out this morning, but I've got over it now.Guided PracticeDirections: Work with your partner and make up a situation in which you apologize to him or her. You may use the following phrases to help you.I must apologize for…Please forgive me for my…I'm terribly sorry for…It's all my fault.Never mind.Forget it.Text ANew Words1、manifesto n. a written statement in which a group of people, especially a political party, explain their beliefs and say what they will do if they win an election 宣言2、privilege n. a special right or advantage that a particular person or group of people 特殊利益；优惠待遇3、haunt n. a place that somebody visits often or where they spend a lot of time 常去的场所4、symbolize v. to be a symbol of something 象征；是……的象征；代表5、independence n. the freedom to organize your own life, make your own decisions, etc. without needing help from other people 自主；自立6、peer n. a person who is the same age or who has the same social status as you 身份（或地位不相同的人；同龄人；同辈7、assistance n. help or support 帮助；援助；支持8、beckon n. to appear very attractive to somebody 吸引；诱惑9、transportation n. a system for carrying people or goods from one place to another using vehicles, road, etc. 交通运输系统10、available adj. （of things） that you can get, buy or find 可获得的；可购得的；可找到的11、propaganda n. ideas or statements that may be false or exaggerated and that are used in order to gain support for a political leader, party, etc. 宣传；鼓吹12、transition n. the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another 过渡；转变13、vehicle n. a thing that is used for transporting people or goods from one place to another, such as a car or lorry/truck 交通工具；车辆14、commute n. the journey to and from work every day 上下班路程15、aware adj. knowing or realizing something 知道；意识到；明白16、negative adj. bad or harmful 坏的；有害的17、impact n. the powerful effect that something has on somebody/something 巨大影响；强大作用18、sprawl n.an act of spreading to cover a large area in an untidy way; something that spreads like this 随意扩展蔓延；蔓延物19、fatality n. a death that is caused in an accident or a war, or by violence or disease （事故、战争、疾病等中的）死亡20、subject v. to make somebody/something experience, suffer or be affected by something, usually something unpleasant 使经受；使遭受21、rarely adv. not very often 罕有；很少；不常22、coupe n. a car with two doors and usually a sloping back （通常斜背的）双门小汽车23、primary adj. main; most important; basic 主要的；最重要的；基本的24、slippery adj. difficult to hold or to stand or move on, because it is smooth, wet or polished 滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走）的25、practical adj. （of things） useful or suitable 有用的；适用的26、sensible adj. （of clothes, etc.） useful rather than fashionable （服装等）朴素而实用的27、occasional adj. happening or done sometimes but not often 偶尔的；偶然的28、inconvenience n. a person or thing that causes problems or difficulties 带来不便者；麻烦的人（或事物）29、eavesdrop v. to listen secretly to what other people are saying 偷听，窃听（其他人说话）30、gossip n. a person who enjoys talking about other people's private lives 喜欢传播流言蜚语的人；爱说长道短的人31、giggle v. to laugh in a silly way because you are amused, embarrassed or nervous 咯咯地笑；傻笑32、toddler n. a child who has only recently learnt to walk 学步的儿童；刚学会走路的孩子33、nap n. a short sleep, especially during the day （日间的）小睡，打盹34、camaraderie n. a feeling of friendship and trust among people who work or spend a lot of time together 同事情谊；友情35、vibrant adj. full of life and energy 充满生气的；生机勃勃的36、majesty n. the impressive and attractive quality that something has 雄伟壮观；庄严；威严37、sacred adj. very important and treated with great respect 受尊重的；受崇敬的38、resource n. a supply of something that a country, an organization or a person has and can use, especially to increase their wealth 资源Phrases and Expressions1、on demand done or happening whenever somebody asks 一经要求2、except for used before you mention the only thing or person about which a statement is not true （用于所言不包括的人或事物前）除…之外3、leave…behind to leave a person, place or state permanently 永久离开（某人、某地或某国）4、subject…to… to make somebody/something experience, suffer or be affected by, something, usually something unpleasant 使经受；使遭受5、believe in to think that something is good, right or acceptable 认为某事好（或对、可接受）Proper NamesPike Place Market派克市场（位于美国西雅图）Seattle Center 西雅图中心Puget Sound普吉特海湾（位于美国华盛顿州）Mount Rainier 雷尼尔山（美国华盛顿州西部喀斯喀特山脉的一座火山）Text APre-reading Questions1.Which means of transport do you prefer in daily life?2.What are the greenest ways to travel?Bus Chick's ManifestoWhen I was in the third grade, I started riding the Metro bus alone. At first, I was only allowed to ride to school, but eventually my parents extended the privilege to include my favorite childhood haunts: ①Grandma's apartment, Pike Place Market and, in the summer, Seattle Center. Back then, the bus symbolized independence. It gave me a power rare among my eight-year-old peers: the ability to get around the city w ithout the assistance of an adult.②By the time I turned 16, a new power beckoned: a form of transportation that was available on demand and did not require an umbrella or an extra pair of gloves. ③Like most young Americans, I believed the auto industry's propaganda that a car was necessary for my transition to adulthood. ④For the next ten years — except for a short time in college, when I found myself unable to afford a vehicle of my own —I left the bus behind. But then I accepted a job at a software com pany based 15 miles outside the city.⑤ During my commutes, I became more aware of the negative impact of car culture: pollution, sprawl, isolation and fatalities.I began to question my right to subject my beloved city to the impact of my choices. ⑥So I returned to my roots and began riding the bus to work. Eventually, I was using my car so rarely that I decided to try living without one. I sold my lovely silver coupe in March 2003 and have used the bus as my primary means of transport ever since.⑦Riding the bus isn't always fun. I don't like riding it on rainy days, when the floor is slippery and the windows are so fogged- up that you can't see your stop. ⑧I don't like standing when the bus crowded.I don't like drivers who ride the brakes. ⑨I don't like practical hairstyles or sensible shoes. Despite these occasional inconveniences, I will never go back to driving, because what I believe is this:I believe in sitting next to my neighbors, in saying "How're you doing today?" and "Nice weather,isn't it?" I believe in feeling the sun on my skin, in breathing fresh air and moving my body. I believe in eavesdropping. I believe in novels you can't put down. I believe in business people and teenage lovers, middle-aged gossips and giggling toddlers. I believe in watching and listening. I believe in naps. I believe in the camaraderie that develops among riders late at night, when the smooth-voiced driver plays jazz loud enough for everyone to enjoy.I believe in clean air, in keeping cities populous and vibrant, and in protecting our remaining farmland and forests. I believe in the beauty of Puget Sound and the majesty of Mount Rainier. I believe that human life is sacred, that the world's resources should be shared and that every choice matters.⑩I believe that change is possible — if all of us ride.Key Sentences1. At first, I was only allowed to ride to school, but eventually my parents extended the privilege to include my favorite childhood haunts: … …起初，我只是被准许乘车去学校，但最终父母给我更多的权利，我可以去我最喜欢的儿童场所：… …2. It gave me a power rare among my eight-year-old peers: the ability to get around the city without the assistance of an adult.它给予我在其他八岁的同龄人中一项少有的权力：在没有成人的协助下，去往城市的任何一个角落。

2013年新版英语二讲义（全）Unit 1 The Power of LanguageI. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ionsNe w wor ds1. c r itic a l a dj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的2. no n-f ic tion n. 纪实文学3. pos iti on n. 观点；态度；立场4. s tatem ent n. 说明；说法；表态5. qu es tio n v. 表示疑问；怀疑out of ques ti on / ou t of the q ues ti on6. e va luat e v. 估计；评价；评估7. c ont ex t n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉8. v al ue n. v al ues [p l.]是非标准；价值观va lu abl ein va lua bl e=pr ic el es sva lu eles s9. r epr es e nt v. 描述；表现r epr es enta tiv e a dj./n.10. as s er ti on n. 明确肯定；断言11. s uf f ic ient a dj. 足够的；充足的Suf f ic ienc y ins uf f ic ient12. s tat is tic n. s tat is ti c s [pl.]统计数字；统计资料13. inte gr ate v.（使）合并，成为一体14. a uth or it y n.专家；学术权威；泰斗an/th e a uthor it y o n s th.auth or i ze15. c om par e v. 比较；对比c om par e A w ith Bc om par e A t o B16. s ubj ec t n. 主题；题目；题材17. c ons is tent adj. 相符的；符合的18. inc ons is t enc y n. 不一致19. as s um ption n. 假定；假设20. c as e n. 具体情况；事例in c as ein c as e of f ir ein c as e t hat…a c as e i n po intc onf irm ed/s us pec ted c as es21. d ir ec tl y a d v. 直接地；径直地22. ide ntif y v. 找到；发现23. va lid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的va lid it y n. 有效性，正确（性）in val i d24. c r ed ib le a dj. 可信的；可靠的inc r ed ibl e=unb el ie vab le25. lan dm ark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑26. r e le van t adj. 紧密相关的；切题的r ele vanc y n. 关联；恰当ir r ele va nt27. c ur r ent adj. 现时发生的；当前的28. a ppr o pr iat e adj. 合适的；恰当的ina ppr opr iat eIt's (not) ap pr opr i ate t hat ….29. b ia s n. 偏见；偏心；偏向30. c ons ider a bl y a dv.非常；很；相当多地c ons iderc ons ider ingc ons ider a bl ec ons ider a tec ons ider a tio n31. D em oc r at n. （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民32. R epu bl ic an n. （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者33. r ef lec t v. 显示；表明；表达34. inf or m ed adj. 有学问的；有见识的wel l-inf or m edil l-inf or m edPhr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons1. ap pl y t o 使用；应用2. pu t f or th 提出；产生3. tak e … i nto ac c oun t 考虑到；顾及4. ac c ept/tak e … at f ac e v alu e 相信表面；信以为真5. wi th a gr ai n of s alt有保留地；持怀疑态度地II. T ex t Lear n ingCr itic a l R e ad ing① (1)Cr itic a l r ead ing app lies to n on-f ic tio n wr i tin g in whic h th e a uthor pu tsf or th a pos it io n or s e ek s to m ak e a s tatem ent. C r itic a l r ea di ng i s ac tiv er eadi ng. It in vo lv es m or e than j us t（不只是，不仅仅是）und er s tand ing what an a uthor is s a yi n g. Cr itic a l r ea din g in vol v es ques t ion ing an d e v alu ati ng what t he auth or is s a yi n g, and f or m ing yo u r own o pi nio ns ab out w hat t he auth or is s a yi ng. H er e ar e the t hi ngs yo u s hou ld do t o be a c r itic al r ea der.（启下句）本部分重点及难点：1. Cr it ic al r ead ing ap pli es to non-f ic tio n wr iti ng in whic h t he aut hor putsf or th a pos it io n or s e ek s to m ak e a s tatem ent.app l y to s b./s th.= b e ap pl ic abl e to s b./s t h.app l y的派生词：a p plic a tio n, a pp lic a nt, a ppl ic ab le② C ons ider t he c o nte x t of wh at is wr itte n. You m a y b e r ea di ng s om ething that w as wr itt en b y a n aut hor f r om a diff er ent c u ltur a l c ont ex t th an your s.(2)O r, you m a y b e r e adi ng s om ethin g wr it t en s om e tim e ago in a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t tha n yo ur s. (3)In eit her c as e, you m us t r ec ogn i ze an d tak e into ac c ount a n y dif f er enc es bet ween yo ur v al u es and att itud es an d t hos er epr es ente d b y t he a u thor.本部分重点及难点：2. O r, yo u m a y be r ea din g s om ething wr itt e n s om e tim e ago in a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t tha n yo u r s.s om e tim e注意区分：s om etim e / s om etim es / s om e tim es3. I n eit her c as e, you m us t r ec ogn i ze and ta k e into ac c ount a n y d i ff er enc es bet we en yo ur v al ues and att itud es an d t hos e r epr es e nted b y t he auth or. 不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。

⾃考《英语⼀》辅导讲义03Unit 3 Green TransportationA FAMOUS QUOTEThe earth provides enough to satisfy every man's need, but not every man's greed.—— Mohandas Gandhi地球可以满⾜⼈类的需求，但⽆法填平⼈类的欲壑。

——莫汉达斯·⽢地Mohandas Gandhi（1869-1948）, preeminent leader of the Indian nationalist movement against British rule, also a worldwide icon of nonviolent political resistance.圣雄⽢地（1869 –1948 ）是印度民族主义运动的杰出领导者，他带领国家反抗英国的殖民统治。

他也是全世界范围的“⾮暴⼒”政治抵抗运动的偶像。

Speaking ActivityMaking an ApologySample DialogueRead the following conversation. Pay attention to how the speakers apologize and accept an apology.Becky: Curt.Curt: Oh, hi.Becky: Can I talk to you for a minute?Curt: I'm really busy right now.Becky: Just a minute. I promise it won't take long.Curt: Okay. Let's talk over here.Becky: Curt, I'm really sorry I told Joyce that you had a crush on her. We were talking last Friday and it just slipped out. Curt: But I told you about Joyce in confidence.Becky: I know. It's totally my fault. I really regret saying anything. I wish I could take it back.I just want you to know I'm really sorry and I hope you'll accept my apology.Curt: What's done is done. I was really annoyedwhen I found out this morning, but I've got over it now.Guided PracticeDirections: Work with your partner and make up a situation in which you apologize to him or her. You may use the following phrases to help you.I must apologize for…Please forgive me for my…I'm terribly sorry for…It's all my fault.Never mind.Forget it.Text ANew Words1、manifesto n. a written statement in which a group of people, especially a political party, explain their beliefs and say what they will do if they win an election 宣⾔2、privilege n. a special right or advantage that a particular person or group of people 特殊利益；优惠待遇3、haunt n. a place that somebody visits often or where they spend a lot of time 常去的场所4、symbolize v. to be a symbol of something 象征；是……的象征；代表5、independence n. the freedom to organize your own life, make your own decisions, etc. without needing help from other people ⾃主；⾃⽴6、peer n. a person who is the same age or who has the same social status as you ⾝份（或地位不相同的⼈；同龄⼈；同辈7、assistance n. help or support 帮助；援助；⽀持8、beckon n. to appear very attractive to somebody 吸引；诱惑9、transportation n. a system for carrying people or goods from one place to another using vehicles, road, etc. 交通运输系统10、available adj. （of things） that you can get, buy or find 可获得的；可购得的；可找到的11、propaganda n. ideas or statements that may be false or exaggerated and that are used in order to gain support for a political leader, party, etc. 宣传；⿎吹12、transition n. the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another 过渡；转变13、vehicle n. a thing that is used for transporting people or goods from one place to another, such as a car or lorry/truck 交通⼯具；车辆14、commute n. the journey to and from work every day 上下班路程15、aware adj. knowing or realizing something 知道；意识到；明⽩16、negative adj. bad or harmful 坏的；有害的17、impact n. the powerful effect that something has on somebody/something 巨⼤影响；强⼤作⽤18、sprawl n.an act of spreading to cover a large area in an untidy way; something that spreads like this 随意扩展蔓延；蔓延物19、fatality n. a death that is caused in an accident or a war, or by violence or disease （事故、战争、疾病等中的）死亡20、subject v. to make somebody/something experience, suffer or be affected by something, usually something unpleasant 使经受；使遭受21、rarely adv. not very often 罕有；很少；不常22、coupe n. a car with two doors and usually a sloping back （通常斜背的）双门⼩汽车23、primary adj. main; most important; basic 主要的；最重要的；基本的24、slippery adj. difficult to hold or to stand or move on, because it is smooth, wet or polished 滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以⾏⾛）的25、practical adj. （of things） useful or suitable 有⽤的；适⽤的26、sensible adj. （of clothes, etc.） useful rather than fashionable （服装等）朴素⽽实⽤的27、occasional adj. happening or done sometimes but not often 偶尔的；偶然的28、inconvenience n. a person or thing that causes problems or difficulties 带来不便者；⿇烦的⼈（或事物）29、eavesdrop v. to listen secretly to what other people are saying 偷听，窃听（其他⼈说话）30、gossip n. a person who enjoys talking about other people's private lives 喜欢传播流⾔蜚语的⼈；爱说长道短的⼈31、giggle v. to laugh in a silly way because you are amused, embarrassed or nervous 咯咯地笑；傻笑32、toddler n. a child who has only recently learnt to walk 学步的⼉童；刚学会⾛路的孩⼦33、nap n. a short sleep, especially during the day （⽇间的）⼩睡，打盹34、camaraderie n. a feeling of friendship and trust among people who work or spend a lot of time together 同事情谊；友情35、vibrant adj. full of life and energy 充满⽣⽓的；⽣机勃勃的36、majesty n. the impressive and attractive quality that something has 雄伟壮观；庄严；威严37、sacred adj. very important and treated with great respect 受尊重的；受崇敬的38、resource n. a supply of something that a country, an organization or a person has and can use, especially to increase their wealth 资源Phrases and Expressions1、on demand done or happening whenever somebody asks ⼀经要求2、except for used before you mention the only thing or person about which a statement is not true （⽤于所⾔不包括的⼈或事物前）除…之外3、leave…behind to leave a person, place or state permanently 永久离开（某⼈、某地或某国）4、subject…to… to make somebody/something experience, suffer or be affected by, something, usually something unpleasant 使经受；使遭受5、believe in to think that something is good, right or acceptable 认为某事好（或对、可接受）Proper NamesPike Place Market派克市场（位于美国西雅图）Seattle Center 西雅图中⼼Puget Sound普吉特海湾（位于美国华盛顿州）Mount Rainier 雷尼尔⼭（美国华盛顿州西部喀斯喀特⼭脉的⼀座⽕⼭）Text APre-reading Questions1.Which means of transport do you prefer in daily life?2.What are the greenest ways to travel?Bus Chick's ManifestoWhen I was in the third grade, I started riding the Metro bus alone. At first, I was only allowed to ride to school, but eventually my parents extended the privilege to include my favorite childhood haunts: ①Grandma's apartment, Pike Place Market and, in the summer, Seattle Center. Back then, the bus symbolized independence. It gave me a power rare among my eight-year-old peers: the ability to get around the city w ithout the assistance of an adult.②By the time I turned 16, a new power beckoned: a form of transportation that was available on demand and did not require an umbrella or an extra pair of gloves. ③Like most young Americans, I believed the auto industry's propaganda that a car was necessary for my transition to adulthood. ④For the next ten years — except for a short time in college, when I found myself unable to afford a vehicle of my own —I left the bus behind. But then I accepted a job at a software com pany based 15 miles outside the city.⑤ During my commutes, I became more aware of the negative impact of car culture: pollution, sprawl, isolation and fatalities.I began to question my right to subject my beloved city to the impact of my choices. ⑥So I returned to my roots and began riding the bus to work. Eventually, I was using my car so rarely that I decided to try living without one. I sold my lovely silver coupe in March 2003 and have used the bus as my primary means of transport ever since.⑦Riding the bus isn't always fun. I don't like riding it on rainy days, when the floor is slippery and the windows are so fogged- up that you can't see your stop. ⑧I don't like standing when the bus crowded.I don't like drivers who ride the brakes. ⑨I don't like practical hairstyles or sensible shoes. Despite these occasional inconveniences, I will never go back to driving, because what I believe is this:I believe in sitting next to my neighbors, in saying "How're you doing today?" and "Nice weather,isn't it?" I believe in feeling the sun on my skin, in breathing fresh air and moving my body. I believe in eavesdropping. I believe in novels you can't put down. I believe in business people and teenage lovers, middle-aged gossips and giggling toddlers. I believe in watching and listening. I believe in naps. I believe in the camaraderie that develops among riders late at night, when the smooth-voiced driver plays jazz loud enough for everyone to enjoy.I believe in clean air, in keeping cities populous and vibrant, and in protecting our remaining farmland and forests. I believe in the beauty of Puget Sound and the majesty of Mount Rainier. I believe that human life is sacred, that the world's resources should be shared and that every choice matters.⑩I believe that change is possible — if all of us ride.Key Sentences1. At first, I was only allowed to ride to school, but eventually my parents extended the privilege to include my favorite childhood haunts: … …起初，我只是被准许乘车去学校，但最终⽗母给我更多的权利，我可以去我最喜欢的⼉童场所：… …2. It gave me a power rare among my eight-year-old peers: the ability to get around the city without the assistance of an adult.它给予我在其他⼋岁的同龄⼈中⼀项少有的权⼒：在没有成⼈的协助下，去往城市的任何⼀个⾓落。

03-A. The Atlantic OceanThe Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it. One idea was that it reached out to "the edge of the world." Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth. Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific, but it is still very large. It is more than 4,000 miles (6,000 km) wide where Columbus crossed it. Even at its narrowest it is about 2, 000 miles (3,200 km) wide. This narrowest place is between the bulge of south America and the bulge of Africa.Two things make the Atlantic Ocean rather unusual. For so large an ocean it has very few islands. Also, it is the world's saltiest ocean.There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers. It would take the ocean about 4,000 years to dry up. On the average the water is a little more than two miles (3.2 km) deep, but in places it is much deeper. The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico. This "deep" 30, 246 feet - almost six miles (9.6 km).One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises the floor of the Atlantic. This mountain range runs north and south down the middle of the ocean. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make islands. The Azores are the tops of peaks in the mid-Atlantic mountain range.Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea. Here the water is quiet, for there is little wind. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were.Ocean currents are sometime called "rivers in the sea." One of these "river" in the Atlantic is called the Gulf Stream. It is a current of warm water. Another is the Labrador Current -cold water coming down from the Arctic. Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores. One of its most famous fishing regions, the Grand Banks, is near Newfoundland.Today the Atlantic is a great highway. It is not, however, always a smooth and safe one. Storms sweep across it and pile up great waves. Icebergs float down from the Far North across the paths of ships.We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller. Columbus sailed for more than two months to cross it. A fast modern steamship can make the trip in less than four days. Airplanes fly from New York to London in only eight hours and from South America to Africa in four!全国高等教育自考英语复习备考技巧汇总09-A. Learned words and popular words In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, make up the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words with which we become familiar in ordinary conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our friends, and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write. They concern the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who speak the language. Such words may be called “popular,”since they belong to the people at large and are not the possession of limited class only.On the other hand, our language includes a large number of words which are relatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little occasion to use them at home. Our first acquaintance with them comes not from our mother's lips or from the talk of our classmates, but from books that we read, lectures that we hear, or the more formal conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular topic in an elevated style. Such words are called "learned", and the difference between them and "popular" words is of great importance to a right understanding of language.The difference between popular and learned words may be easily seen in a few examples. We may describe a girl as “lively”or as "vivacious." In the first case, we are using a native English word formed from the familiar noun life. In the latter, we are using a Latin derivative which has exactly the samemeaning. Yet the atmosphere of the two words is quite different. No one ever got the adjective lively out of a book. It is a part of everybody's vocabulary. We cannot remember a time when we did not know it, and we feel sure that we learned it long before we were able to read. On the other hand, we must have passed several years of our lives before learning the word vivacious. We may even remember the first time that we saw it in print or heard it from some grown-up friend. Both lively and vivacious are good English words, but Lively is popular and vivacious is learned.The terms "popular" and "learned,”as applied to words, are not absolute definitions. No two persons have the same stock of words, and the same word may be "popular" in one man's vocabulary and "learned in another's. There are also different grades of "popularity." Still, the classification into "learned" and "popular" is convenient and sound. Different opinions may come up as to the classification of any particular word, but there can be no difference of opinion about the general principle. We must be careful, however, to avoid misconception. When we call a word "popular," we do not mean that it is a favorite word, but simply that it belongs to the people as a whole that is, it is everybody's word, not the possession of a limited number. When we call a word "learned”we do not mean that it is used by learned persons alone, but simply that its presence in the English vocabulary is due to books and the cultivation of literature rather than to the actual needs of ordinary conversation.全国高等教育自考英语复习备考技巧汇总。

自考综合英语（二）下册详解第三课上1. Mr. Fotheringay suddenly decided to consult Mr. Maydig，...佛泽林盖突然决定找梅迪格先生咨询一下 ......consult：向 ...... 请教，咨询，查阅（字典）；与 ...... 商量You should consult with Mary about it. 你该和玛丽商量那件事。

2.What I want to know is whether what I am going to do with it is a miracle or not.我想知道的是，我把它（烟草缸）变来变去这到底算不算奇迹。

do with ：处置，对付I don't know what to do with these used books. 我不知道如何处置这些用过的旧书。

do with 与 can 连用：忍受，满意I can't do with children's cry. 我无法忍受孩子的哭。

3....and presently he ventured to lean over the table and smell the violets.接着它装着胆子伏过身去，闻了闻桌子上紫罗兰。

venture to do ：大胆去做，冒昧去做，（正式）鼓起勇气去做Very few people venture to go out at night in a snow storm.很少有人敢在暴风雪晚上出去。

He decided to venture all his money on the scheme.他决定冒险把他所有的钱都投到那个项目里去。

He ventured his life to rescue the drowning woman.他冒着生命危险去救那个快淹死的妇女4.Just told it-and there you are .只要给个命令就行了。

自考英语(二)第3讲讲义词汇和语法结构2006 年10 月自考英语（二）真题解析Vocabulary and Structure- (10 points, 1 point each)1. He spoke so that even his opponents were impressed by his words.A. franklyB. clearlyC. convincinglyD. loudly解析：此题考查这四个副词的意思。

frankly意为“坦率地”；clearly意为“清晰地”；convincingly 意为“有说服力地”；loudly意为“大声地”。

根据句意: 他演讲的如此有说服力以至于她的对手被她打动了。

答案为C。

2. The government great importan to intellectual property protection.A. associatesB. attachesC. attributesD. approaches解析：词义辨析题。

associate意为联想，常与介词with搭配；attach意为安装，贴上，系上；重视，可与to连用；attribute意为将（结果等）归因于…；把…看作（….的）属性；approach意为走近；原句意为：政府重视对知识产权的保护：比较符合题意得为attaches。

答案为B。

3. The heart is intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.A. not soB. not muchC. much moreD. no more解析：本题考查短语no more than (不比….更…)的固定搭配，原句意为：心脏并不比胃聪明，因为它们都是被大脑所控制的。

答案为D。

参考上册P48,4054. The factory has to be shut down funds.A. in spite ofB. for lack ofC. with the view ofD. for the sake of解析：此题考查短语的意思。

Unit 13 Text ALive and Learn活到老，学到老participate vi.参与, 参加, 分享, 分担 participate in 参加e.g. She never participates in any of our discussions, does she? valedictory a.告别的，告辞的n.告别词potential adj.潜在的, 可能的, 势的, 位的n.潜能, 潜力graduation n.毕业, 毕业典礼, 刻度, 分等级generation n.产生, 发生, 一代, 一代人major n.<美>[教]主修课, [律]成年人adj.主修的, 成年的, 大调的vi.主修majority n.大多数e.g. The majority of the employees have university degrees. administration n.管理, 经营, 行政部门likely adj.很可能的, 合适的, 可靠的, 有希望的adv.或许, 很可能costly adj.昂贵的, 贵重的option n.选项, 选择权, [经]买卖的特权institutionalize v.使制度化或习俗化, 使送进专门机构standardize vt.使标准化，使统一admission n.录取；进入；录取commit vt.犯(错误), 干(坏事), 把...交托给, 提交, 答应负责commit oneself to sth.作出承诺reinforce vt.加强，增强indicator n.指示物，指示者，指标 indicate v.指示pursuit n.追求，探索 pursue vt.追求，寻找in pursuit of 追求e.g. Many women find it difficult to conbine pursuing a career with having children.exploratory a.探索的，探求的 explore v.探索productive a.高产的，多产的superficial a.表面的，肤浅的abnormality n.变态，畸形convince vt.使确信, 使信服convince somebody of something convince sb.to do something Good grades and a good job are easy to get. A good education is a different story. 好分数和好工作都不难获得，但接受良好的教育却是另一回事。