2017届上海市青浦区高考英语一模试卷

Do you have a hobby that helps you relax and unwind? For some people, there is no better way to relieve pressure than spending time in the garden. This small private area of green space can be their place of calm.__67__. A survey conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society, found that 82% of people in the UK said that gardening makes them happier. It also found that 70% of them, given the choice, would prefer to spend their working day in the garden with just 9% opting for an office.For those with green fingers, the pleasure of gardening comes from getting out in the fresh air, in all weathers and communing with nature -- even if there are a few too many worms! It can also be seen as a sort of digital-detox -- time away from technology. __68__.Dr Christopher Lowry, a neuroscientist at the University of Colorado, injected a bacterium commonly found in soil into mice to see what affection this would have on them. __69__. When we dig in soil we absorb this bacterium through our lungs or cuts in our skin, so Dr Lowry concluded that since the mice seemed happier when treated with soil bacteria, it’s likely we would be, too.__70__. There’s evidence that recovering alcoholics who have been given the opportunity to plant, grow, and even sell their produce, have managed to stop their addictive habits. Scot Stephenson, for example, got dismissed from school and started a vocational qualification in gardening. He says, “I got my NVQ level 2 which is my first qualification and enjoyed it ever since.”Whatever the reason, there are many therapeutic benefits to getting your hands dirty, doing some physical hard work and then watching your garden grow. Does this sound like your idea of fun?67-70: DFACWould You B ully(欺负) a Driverless Car or Show It Respect?Say you’re driving down a two-way street and there’s a truck unloading a delivery in the opposite lane. The oncoming traffic needs to pull out into your lane to overtake.What do you do?___67___ Eventually one of us feels charitable and slows down to allow the oncoming car to overtake and give permission with a quick flash of headlights or a wave of the hand.But what if the car waiting patiently behind the parked truck is a driverless or autonomous vehicle (AV)? Will this robot car be able to understand what you mean when you flash your lights or wave your hands?Its sensors could decide that it’s only safe to overtake when there’s no oncoming traffic at all. On a busy road at school home time, this may be never, leading to increasingly angry drivers queuing behind. ___68___ This is one of the conclusions to be drawn from research carried out by Dr Chris Tennant of the psychological and behavioural science department at the London School of Economics.His Europe-wide survey finds that nearly two-thirds of drivers think machines won’t have enough common sense to interact with human drivers, and more than two-fifths think a robot car would remain stuck behind ourassumedparked truck for a long time.Driving isn’t just about technology and engineering, it’s about human interactions and psychology. The road is a social space. ___69___ “If you view the road as a social space, you willconsciously negotiate your journey with other drivers. People who like that negotiation process appear to feel less comfortabl e engaging with AVs than with human drivers,” says Mr Tennant in his report.___70___ A statistic often trotted out(动不动就搬出) is that human error is responsible for more than 90% of accidents, with our tendency to road anger, tiredness and lack of concentration. 67-70 AFBETen years ago, after 2 years as a postdoc (博士后), I found myself wondering whether I should take a different road. Up to that point, I had stuck to a pretty traditional path investigating cancer genetics, but I was losing interest in the research. At the same time, federal funding had flattened, which added to my dissatisfaction. ___67___ Then came the hard part: identifying a new career that would nurture my passion for science and allow me to make an impact with my work.As I was considering my options, I found inspiration in my first graduate school research tutor, whose work r eminded me that scientists’ efforts away from the bench can be incredibly powerful. But I still didn’t know exactly what I should do. ___68___ A colleague mentioned that a professor at a nearby 2-year college was training students to produce monoclonal antibodies for labs on campus. I was impressed that the professor had taken on this type of ambitious project with relatively inexperienced students. Curious to find out more, I set up a meeting with John and was struck by his sincerity and the way he prioritized student training above grants, publications, and personal ambition. I could also see his passion for teaching, which reminded me of the dreamto become a high school biology teacher.__69___ I found a faculty position and joined John at the same quiet junior college. Now, I effectively hold two positions: classroom instructor and research co-adviser of 15 inexperienced but eager undergraduates. Both roles give me a chance to help students transform themselves, which is enormously rewarding.___70___ It’s discouraging when others see both my students and me as less worthy because we are not at universities. We sometimes struggle to get access to federal funding, scientific conferences, and other resources and opportunities. My pay is below the standard at 4-year research institutions, even though my teaching workload is greater. But my occasional frustration is relieved by the thought of the students, who I have helped train.Looking back at these 10 years, I realize how much my work on this campus has helped me grow, both as an academic and a tutor. I’m grateful that I stepped away from a traditional career path and found a way to serve both the student and research communities in my own way, modest though it may be.67—70 EBFAZoos have existed since ancient times and were features of the great courts of Egypt and China. The display of unusual animals form foreign countries was, for a long time, a show of wealth and power. Today, zoos focus on the preservation of animals species and the education ofthe public. __67___Some animals are distinctly unsuited for life in a zoo, however noble the aims of the organization. Keeping elephant in captivity (囚禁) has long caused argument among animals rights activists. Elephant in the wild wander constantly, covering a wide territory on a daily basis. In captivity, they have no choice but to stand still for long periods of time. ___68____. Yet elephants are a threatened species in their native environments and are heavily caught for ivory(象牙)，leather and meat illegally. To protect the species form the wild due to injury or abandonment.___69___. The chances are, if a zoo has nothing but cement floors and metal enclosures, the animals will not do as well. Many famous zoos now construct enclosures allowing animals freedom of movement and native vegetation. Some zoos have even begun housing species of animals together that normally interact in the wild, such as certain types of monkeys.Zoos are not a perfect solution for preservation.____70___. They are undeniably helpful in repopulating declining animal species and encouraging a preservationist outlook, but they are unquestionably primary in their treatment of some animals. Hopefully, animal activists and zoo advocates will continue to work together, finding ways to create the best environment for captive animals in breeding and repopulation efforts.67-70 CEDAA few years ago, a Finnish app took the mobile gaming world by storm. Its set-up was simpleand its idea illogical: Angry Birds was little more than a shooting game, with birds instead of bullets and green pigs in place of targets. 67 Shortly after Angry Birds took off, audiences found a new distraction in Fruit Ninja, a game where the object was to chop falling produce. Then there was Candy Crush, where players could save a candy kingdom by matching like-colored bonbons.68 That was their charm, after all: They were knowingly ridiculous or illogical, an attack into mindless amusement. In games like Angry Birds, players found an escape from reality. All they had to do is resign themselves to the logic of the game, a world of simple cause-and-effect: Slingshot a bird, kill a pig, score points.Fast forward to 2016, and there's now an Angry Birds movie, here to fill you in on all the details you never wished to know. The birds have been given personalities, motives and back-stories, and so have the evil green pigs. Meanwhile, the game's nonsense had to be made sense of due to a necessary plot for a movie. Logic replaced illogic. Angry Birds is not alone in having its gray areas sketched in for the big screen. Hollywood has made an industry of answering the questions no one ever thought to ask; to the point of even giving a brand of toy blocks its own story in 2014’s The Lego Movie. Countless secondary characters have also been pulled from the sidelines and given their own opportunities to show on the screen. That includes the forgetful blue fish Dory from 2003’s Finding Nemo. 69 Viewers no longer have the luxury of imagining back-stories for their favorite characters, or debating the open-ended questions in a film’s source materials: An endless flow of prequels(前传), sequels(续传) and spin-offs(衍生产品) fill in those blanks for them.70 They'll know. Everything will be determined for them: According to the movie, the main bird Red gets picked on for his bushy eyebrows, and that leaves him feeling isolated and, well, angry. In some ways, Hollywood has taken on the role of fan fiction writers, by expanding and exploring every corner of its fictional universes. But when these universes expand too widely, what will be left to imagine?67-70：CE FAIn so many ways, cyberspace(网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. ____67____ So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.Usually, this "faceless" communication doesn't create problems. Identity doesn't really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the idea themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests?____68____ They are looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn't get in the way.But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don't have to worry about what their “faceless” communication is doing for their image. ____69____All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. ____70____ This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different from thereal person.So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: "Life in the real world is far richer than anything you'll find on a computer screen67-70 BFACNo matter how early she went to bed, Maggie couldn't fall asleep until the early hours. Though constantly exhausted, Maggie got good grades in school, but she often got in trouble for napping during her morning classes.After graduating from college, Maggie realized her dream of becoming a teacher. However, waking up for her 8:30 a.m. classes turned her into a zombie (无生气的人) , and she lost her job because she lacked enthusiasm.Maggie isn’t lazy. She suffers from delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS，睡眠相位后移症候群)----a disorder that affects one in 750 adults that causes them to be somewhat nocturnal （夜间活动的）. DSPS is often confused with insomnia(失眠），perhaps because sufferers seem tired duringthe day. However, the two disorders are very different. Insomniacs have trouble with the process offalling asleep.67They just can’t fall asleep early even if they want to.Essentially, DSPS means a person's internal clock is set differently. ____ 68 _______ A s aresult,they're out of sync(同步）with the rest of society. People with DSPS struggle to keep their eyes open during morning meetings because their bodies are convinced it*s the middle of the night. They seem less efficient and creative at the office, and make more workplace accidents. DSPS also damages their health, causing depression, anxiety, heart disease and many other illnesses due to sleep deprivation.______69_______ . Fortunately, that’s not the case. Flexible work schedules are already verycommon. Traditionally, managers tend to think more people in the office equals more output, but new research shows that people who work flexible hours are more productive and more likely to stay with their company because they are happier and healthier. Thanks to these findings, many European countries have passed laws giving every worker the right to apply for a flexible work arrangement. According to Cary Cooper, a psychologist at Lancaster University, most U.K. employees will be working half from home in five years.This is great news not just for DSPS sufferers but also for their companies. 70 Consequently, they will be able to save a large sum of money.KEYS: FACDHow to Keep Your Digital Memorials Safe?Do you value your digital stuff? Nearly everyone is creating things with computers, and some do it without any concern for its value. Others recognize its current value, but think little about what it could mean to them in the future, and either aren't aware or don't think that all of it could bedestroyed tomorrow. But hard drives die all the time, and the online services into which people sink their time close with alarming regularity, taking the work of millions of people withit._________67____________.Steps1.Prepare to make a quick backup. If nothing else, get a cheap USB stick anddrag-and-drop your documents folder onto it. Worry about the other things later.You should do more than this, but it's most important to take the most valuable,irreplaceable information from your hard drive and put it on a second medium to guardagainst hard drive failure, theft or loss.2.Decide what you value. Some questions to ask yourself are:How replaceable is this data?How good are you at assessing the value of items? _______68__________. For things likebusiness accounts and documents, the answer is of course you would. This kind of thingshould be your first priority.3.Start making backups.__________69__________Diminishing returns(效益递减) apply in backups as they do with everything else. The cheapest and simplest backup methods take care of an overwhelming majority of likely loss-of-stuff. Over-complicating your backup strategy is the biggest trap: the more complicated and expensive you insist on making it, the less likely you are to do it.4.____________70______________If one of your backup drives fails, replace it immediately. Remember that all storage devices eventually become obsolete (陈旧的). If you have valuable files on obsolete media, those files become increasingly difficult to access with every passing year. So in order to keep your files accessible, remember to migrate your collection to new storage media periodically.67-70 FDEATutoring a New NormalIt’s not piano lessons or dance lessons. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity in the West is going to a tutor. “I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It’s costly,” says Pet, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, “after finding out half my daughter’s class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead.Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. “When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always shouting. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done.”Tutoring isn’t simply a private school phenomenon. 67________ In Cana da alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year.Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. 68 ________As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.69________ “A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework,” says Julie Diamond, presi dent of an American tutoring company. “Others couldn’t help their children after Grade 3.”There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. “Children used to get bullied(欺侮）for having a tutor,” Diamond says. “Now it’s becoming the norm to have one.”70 ________One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. “For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need，” she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why? Her daughter has actua lly asked for one.FADBIn 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger,therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.67-70 FABDFor centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that (67) ___________The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. (68) ___________ For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. (69) ___________Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. (70) ___________ The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.67-70 EFCDIt is found that American students spend less than 15% of their time in school. 67 _____. A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement -- checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home -- has a more powerful influence on students, academic performance than anything about the school the students attend. Another study, published in the Review of Economics and Statistics, reports that the effort put forth by parents reading stories aloud, is devoted by either teachers or the students themselves. And a third study concludes that schools would have to increase their spending by more than $1,000 per pupil in order to achieve the same results that are gained with parental involvement.68 ______. But it is also revealed in researches that parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an advantage. They don’t need to drive their offspring to enrichment classes or test-preparation courses. What they need to do with their children is much simpler: talk.But not just any talk. 69 _______. For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health and published in the journal Pediatrics founds that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as powerful in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking. Engaging in this reciprocal (双向的) back-and-forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them the sense that their thought and opinions matter.The content of parents’ conversations with kids matters, too. Children who hear tal k about counting and numbers at home start school with much more extensive mathematical knowledge, report researchers from the University of Chicago. While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remains strong. Research finds that parents play an important role in what is called “academicsocialization” -- setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals. 70 _______.67----70 DACBWhere do you think the world's happiest people live? Somewhere hot with sandy beaches? A country with a tradition of the fine food and culture? Not according to a recent study by the university of Leicester. Who are the happiest people on Earth? 67 Surprised? Well you’ll be more surprised when you hear that the Danes pay some some of the highest taxes in the world. So what is the secret of their success?Let's start with all that tax they pay. The Danish government provides its people with one of the finest education and health systems in the world. It spends more on children and elderly people per capital than other country.And there's another advantage to those high taxes. Because a shop assistant's final salary is not that much less than someone who works in a bank, for example, Danes don't choose their careers based on money or status as people in other countries do. They choose the job they want to do. There's a philosophy in Denmark known as "Jante-love", which translates as "you're no better than anybody else." ___68___ But workers in otherr countries are not used to looking at life in this way.Money doesn't seem as important in Denmark. It has been called a "post consumerist" society. ___69___ What is more important is the sense of society and it's no surprise that Danes are very used to socializing. 92% of Danes belong to some kind of social club and these clubs are evenpaid for by the government.___70___ They also show an amazing amount of trust in each other and their government. You can see sighs of this all over the country. You'll find vegetable stalls with no assistant. You take what you want and leave the money in a basket. Perhaps the bike is a good symbol for Denmark. The Danes can afford cars but they choose bikes---simple, economical, non-polluting machines that show no status and help keep people fit.67----70 EBFCWhy should mankind explore space? Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What prompted our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? _____67_____. The wider the distribution of a species, the better its chance of survival.Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be located. Additional resources are always beneficial when used wisely, and can increase our chances of survival. Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society at large. _____68_____. Also, we have already benefited from other by-products, including improvements in earthquake prediction —which has saved many lives —in satellites used for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick saucepans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the spaceindustry!_____69_____. The chances of a large comet (彗星) hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect the possibility of this happening, and enable us to minimize the damage, or prevent it completely, allowing us as a species to avoid extinction.In certain circumstances, life on Earth may become impossible: over-population or wide spread diseases, for instance, might eventually force us to find other places to live. While the earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. _____70_____.. keys:67-70 DAFB。

2017年上海青浦区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）1、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模第21~30题One day a professor entered the classroom and told the students about a surprise test. After hearing that, all students1（seat） and waited for the test to begin. The professor gave the test papers to all students with the text2（face） down at the desk. Once he handed out the test papers to all students, he asked them to turn the test pages and begin.Students were confused to see there was not a question3just a black dot in the center of the page. The professor noticed the students' face expression and told them, "I want you to write about what you see there."The students were even4（confused） but started the test by then. At the end of the class, the professor took all answer sheets and started reading each answer in front of all students. All of them described about the black dot,5position they tried to explain. After the professor finished reading, the whole class was silent.The professor explained, "Don't worry. I am not going to give you grades but I just want you to think about something. Here6focused on the black dot but no one wrote about the white paper, and the same is with our lives. The white paper represents our whole life and the black spot represents problems in our life.7our life is a gift given to us by God, with love and care, we have every reason to celebrate. Still we just focus on problems like health issues, problems in relationships etc., but we never see these problems are very small comparedwith8we have in our lives.”So there is the moral lesson: we9try to take eyes off our problems and enjoy each moment that life10（give） us. Be happy and live the life positively.二、选词填空（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）2、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模第31~40题Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Have you ever watched a television show or a movie and felt like you were watching a really long commercial? If so, then you've fallen1to bad product placement （产品植入）. Clever marketing folks want their products to be2within a scene, butnot the focus. When done correctly, product placement can add a sense of realism to a movie or television show.Product placement3from as early as 1950s when a drinks company paid to have a character in the movie The African Queen toss loads of their product overboard. Since then, there have been countless placements in thousands of movies.Sometimes product placement just happens. A set dresser （布景人员）might think of something that4the level of credibility or realism of the story. One example is the use of a can of ant killer in a violent fight scene in the popular television programme The Sopranos. A spokeswoman for the manufacturer said if the company had not been5about the use of their product, they would not have given it a thumbs-up.Arranged product placement deals are more prevailing. The most common type is a simple exchange of the product for the placement. A deal is made; in exchange for the airtime, the cast and crew are provided with a（n）6supply of the company's products.Sometimes, a gift of the product isn't an appropriate form of compensation, and then thedeal,7with money, works well. Someone from a manufacturer's marketing team hears about a movie project, and approaches the set dresser with a（n）8attractive proposal. They come to an agreement, and the product makes a number of9casual appearances. Both teams are happy.Before product placement really saw a rapid growth in the mid-1980s, it was pretty much a do-it-yourself10. Now there are entire agencies that can handle the job. Some larger corporations will dedicate personnel to seek out opportunities for placement within films, television shows — even games and music.A. approachedB. generousC. financiallyD. effortE. datesF. victimG. closedH. substitutingI. boostsJ. visibleK. seemingly三、完形填空（共15小题，每题1分，满分15分）3、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模第41~55题2018~2019学年上海杨浦区上海市杨浦高级中学高二上学期期中第41~45题15分(每题1分) Traditionally uniforms were manufactured to protect the worker. When they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense—those for the military, for example, wereoriginally1to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms indicated a distinction in2chefs wore white because they worked with flour, but the main chef wore a black hat to show he inspected and supervised.The last 30 years, however, have seen an increasing3on their role in mirroring the image of an organization and in uniting the workforce, particularly in "customer facing" industries. From uniforms and workwear has emerged "4clothing" . "The people you employ are your ambassadors （大使），'' says Peter Griffin, managing director of a major retailer in the UK. “What they say, how they look, and how they behave is of vital importance." From being a simple means of5who is a member of staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketing communication.Truly effective marketing through6images such as uniforms is a subtle art, however. How we look sends all sorts of powerful messages to other people. Dark colors give a sense of7while lighter color shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservatism （守旧），while others a sense of8to new ideas. If the company is selling quality, then it must have quality uniforms. If it is selling style, its uniforms must be stylish. If it wants to appear9, everybody can't look exactly the same.But turning corporate philosophies into the right combination of color, style, degree of branding and uniformity is not always10. According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying the workwear and corporate clothing market. Of these,2211for 85% of total sales一£380 million in 1994.A successful uniform needs to12two key sets of needs. On the one hand, no uniform will work if staff feel uncomfortable or ugly. On the other hand, itis13if the look doesn't express the business's marketing strategy. The greatest challenge in this respect is time. When it comes to human awareness, first impressions count. Customerswill assess the way staff look in just a few seconds, and that few secondswill14their attitudes from then on. Those few seconds can be so important that big companies are prepared to15years, and millions of pounds, getting them right.A. intendedB. tendedC. extendedD. attendedA. statueB. stabilityC. statusD. statisticsA. preferenceB. argumentC. complimentD. emphasisA. cooperateB. politicalC. corporateD. academicA. exposingB. identifyingC. qualifyingD. requestingA. studioB. audioC. visualD. casualA. clarityB. authorityC. availabilityD. accessibilityA. exposureB. rejectionC. reluctanceD. opennessA. stableB. uniformC. innovativeD. similarA. smoothB. disagreeableC. objectiveD. complexA. exchangeB. callC. standD. accountA. establishB. balanceC. neglectD. desertA. pointlessB. significantC. usefulD. carelessA. maintainB. shapeC. drawD. valueA. commitB. commandC. dedicateD. invest四、阅读理解（共11小题，每题2分，满分22分）4、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模（A篇）第56~59题St Kilda is a tiny archipelago （群岛）of the North Atlantic Ocean. The islands are among the most spectacular, but the greatest fascination is that, for over a thousand years, people lived there and possessed a sense of community. Cut off from the mainland, the islanders had a distinct way of living their lives, mainly eating the seabirds that returned to breed on the rocks.Isolation also had a big effect upon St kildans attitudes and ideas. The people sacrificed themselves year in and year out, in a constant battle to secure a livelihood. In such harsh conditions, life was only possible because the whole community worked together.In the 19th century St Kilda was subject to pressures from the outside world. Education, religion and tourism all attempted to throw the St Kildans5 way of life into doubt. In the early 20th century, the strength of the community became weakened as contact with the rest of Britain increased. When disease cut their numbers, and wind and sea made it difficult to get adequate food, the St Kildans were forced to turn to the mainland for assistance.In 1930, the St Kildans finally agreed to abandon their homes. They settled on the Scottish mainland, not realizing it meant throwing themselves into the 20th century. As adults, they had to accept those values most Scots believe in. For instance, the islanders found it difficult to' base their existence upon money. They had never lived in a world where they bought goods and services from each other.The islanders showed themselves indifferent to the jobs they were given on the mainland. The labours asked of them were unskilled compared with the spectacular skills they had once performed in order to kill seabirds. Moreover, killing birds had once provided the community with food to survive. On the mainland, however, the tasks they were asked to perform did not provide them immediately with what was needed to keep them fed and warm.The history of the St Kildans after the evacuation （撤离），of their inability and lack of resolution to fit into urban society, makes sad reading. When they were resettled on the mainland, the St Kildans were forced to live in a society whose values were unacceptable and incomprehensible to the majority of them. For many, the move was a tragedy.(1) According to Paragraph 3, the following factors lead to St kildans seeking help from outside EXCEPT.A. unbearable windB. insufficient food supplyC. contact with BritainD. worsening health(2) After the St Kildans inhabited Scotland, they .A. soon learned how to buy goods and services from othersB. had trouble adapting to the value of dominant society.C. exhibited willingness to carry out their given jobs.D. had the opportunity to show their skills of killing seabirds.(3) Which of the following is NOT about how people used to live on St Kilda?A. The major source of food was found locally.B. It was essential for people to help each other.C. Very few people had visited mainland Scotland.D. Money played an insignificant role in life.(4) What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. The role of money in modern communities.B. How a community adapted to a different form of life.C. The destruction of an old-fashioned community.D. How a small community fight against opposite conditions.5、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模第60~62题The following safety risks may result in serious injury or death to the user of the MINI Cooper S:• This product contains small parts that are for adult assembly （组装）only. Keep small children away when assembling. Remove all protective materials before assembly. Be sure to remove all packaging materials and parts from underneath the car body.• Battery posts contain lead known to the state of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Never open the battery.• Body parts such as hands, legs, hair and clothing can get caught in moving parts. Never place a body part near a moving part or wear loose clothingwhile using the vehicle. Always wear shoes when using the vehicle.• Using the vehicle near streets, motor vehicles, drop-offs such as steps, water (swimming pools) or other bodies of water, hills, wet areas, in small lanes, at night or in the dark could result in an unexpected accident. Instead, use the vehicle on the highway. Always use the vehicle in a safe, secure environment.• Using the vehicle in unsafe conditions such as snow, rain, loose dirt, mud, or sand may result in unexpected action, for example tip over.•Using the vehicle in an unsafe manner. Examples include but are not limited to:—Pulling the vehicle with another vehicle or similar device—Allowing more than two riders—Pushing the user from the back—Traveling at an unsafe speed• Always use common sense and safe practices when using the vehicle.• Store the vehicle indoors or cover it to protect it from weather. Water will damage the motor, electric system, and battery.(1) When assembling, you should.A. open the battery on the spotB. ignore the packaging materialsC. make sure kids are not presentD. start from underneath the car(2) According to the text, it is safer to.A. use batteries containing leadB. drive in small lanes at midnightC. drive on the highway instead of on hillsD. wear loose clothes while driving(3) Where can you probably find the text?A. In an official report.B. In a medical journal.C. In a physics textbook.D. In a product handbook.6、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模第63~66题CIn a land swept by typhoons and shaken by earthquakes, how have Japan's tallest and seemingly most breakable old buildings — 500 or so wooden pagodas, tower-shaped buildings — remained standing for centuries? Japanese scholars have been confused for ages about their stability.For centuries, many attributed the resilience（抗震性）of pagodas to the massive trunk-like central columns known as shinbashira, which bends and swings during a typhoon or earthquake, just like a tall tree. But the amazing thing is that the shinbashira actually does not carry any load at all but is suspended from the top of the pagoda — hanging loosely down through the middle of the building. The weight of the building is supported entirely by twelve outer and four inner columns.And what is the role of the shinbashira, the central column? The best way to understand the shinbashira's role is to watch a video made by Shuzo Ishida, a structural engineer at Kyoto Institute of Technology. Mr. Ishida, known to his students as "Professor Pagoda" has built a series of models and tested them on a "shake-table" in his laboratory. In short, the shinbashira was acting like an enormous pendulum（钟摆）. Under pressure, a pagoda's loose floors could be made to slide back and forth independently. Viewed from the side, the pagoda seemed to be doing a snake dance — with each floor moving in the opposite direction to its neighbours above and below. The shinbashira, running up through a hole in the centre of the building, made it unlikely that individual storeys moved too far because, after moving a certain distance, they banged into it, passing on energy away along the column.Another strange feature of the Japanese pagoda is that, because of the building tapers（锥形）, with each floor plan being smaller than the one below, none of the vertical（垂直的）columns that carry the weight of the building is connected to its corresponding column above. In other words, a five-storey pagoda contains not even one column that travels right up through the building. More surprising is the fact that the individual storeys of a Japanese pagoda are not actually connected to each other. They are simply stacked one on top of another like a pile of hats.The extra-wide eaves（屋檐）also play a part. Think of them as a balancing pole of tightrope-walkers. The bigger the mass at each end of the pole, the easier it is for the tightrope walker to maintain his balance. The same holds true for a pagoda. With the eaves extending out on all sides like balancing poles, the building responds to even the most powerful earthquake with a graceful swinging, never an abrupt shaking.(1) In a Japanese pagoda, the shinbashira is designed to.A. bear certain amount of weight of the pagodaB. bend under pressure the way a tall tree doesC. connect the floors with pagoda's baseD. stop the floors from moving too far(2) Shuzo Ishida performs experiments in order to.A. apply the pendulum into practiceB. gain insight into the "shake-table" modelC. learn about the mechanisms of pagodasD. locate shinbashira exact position in a pagoda(3) Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the article?A. Some columns may extend from the bottom to the top of a pagoda.B. The functions of extra eaves and balancing poles are similar.C. The storeys of a Japanese pagoda are fitted loosely.D. Pagodas5 amazing capacity to resist impact has long puzzled scholars.(4) What is the best title for the passage?A. How Shinbashira Plays Its RoleB. Why Pagodas Do Not Fall DownC. Distinct Features of Japanese ArchitectureD. Shuzo Ishida, a Distinguished Engineer五、信息匹配（共4小题，每题2分，满分8分）7、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模第67~70题Why should mankind explore space? Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What prompted our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments?1. The wider the distribution of a species, the better its chance of survival.Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be located. Additional resources are always beneficial when used wisely, and can increase our chances of survival. Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society atlarge.2. Also, we have already benefited from other by-products, including improvements in earthquake prediction — which has saved many lives — in satellites used for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick saucepans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the space industry!3. The chances of a large comet（彗星）hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect the possibility of this happening, and enable us to minimize the damage, or prevent it completely, allowing us as a species to avoid extinction.In certain circumstances, life on Earth may become impossible: over-population or wide spread diseases, for instance, might eventually force us to find other places to live. While the earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.4A. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives.B. Space allows us to expand and succeed: for the sake of everyone on the earth, now and in the future, space exploration is essential.C. The mysterious space objects varying in size have been fascinated scientists and scholars for years.D. It appears that we are driven to ensure the success and continuation of not just our own genes, but of the species as a whole.E. Therefore it still poses a problem for us human beings whether to explore the space at the cost of our own homelandsF. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers.六、任务型阅读（满分10分）8、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模第71题Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Last year my company was bought by a large corporation and most of the managers lost their jobs. That was when I decided to do something I'd always wanted to do ——become a freelance writer（自由作家）.Changing professions has meant that my lifestyle has changed in a number of ways.I work about as much as I did before ——between 45 and 50 hours a week —~ but my schedule is much less fixed than it used to be. Before, I worked from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. every day, with a few extra hours on weekends. Now, however, 1 work when I feel like it. For instance, sometimes I work until midnight or 2 a.m., then sleep until noon. I really prefer this kind of schedule.While I was working as a manager, I never exercised. I already felt tired after work, so I just came home in the evening and watched TV. However, last year I joined a health club and began to do regular exercise. As a result I have lost over 10 pounds and I feel much better. Tve also started to eat more healthfully. I used to eat a lot of fast food, but now I do my own shopping. I buy lots of fruits and vegetables and cook them at home.Of course, not all the changes have been that easy. For example, I don't feel as safe financially as I used to. When I was working as a manager, I never worried much about money. I could always count ongetting my paycheck every two weeks. Working freelance, I don't have a regular paycheck. So now I have to make sure that there's enough money until the next check arrives.All in all, I really like my current lifestyle. Of course, that doesn't mean I'll never want to have a "regular" job. But for me, at least, it suits me.七、句子翻译（满分15分）9、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模第72~75题Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.(1) 中午的欢迎会已推迟到下周三。

青浦区2017～2018英语高三一模IntroductionThe first model test for the English subject in the 2017-2018 academic year for senior high school students in Qingpu District aims to assess the students' proficiency in English. This article will discuss the content and format of the test, as well as provide some tips and strategies for students to excel in the exam.Content of the TestThe English high school model test consists of four sections: listening, reading, writing, and translation. Each section tests different language skills and requires students to demonstrate their understanding and application of the English language.Listening SectionThe listening section assesses the students' ability to comprehend spoken English. It includes various types of listening tasks, such as listening to conversations, interviews, and lectures. Students are required to answer multiple-choice questions based on the audio recordings. To excel in this section, it is essential for students to practice listening to English audio materials regularly, such as podcasts, movies, or TV shows.Reading SectionThe reading section evaluates the students' reading comprehension skills. It includes a variety of texts, such as articles, essays, and passages, followed by comprehension questions. Students need to read the texts carefully and understand the main ideas, supporting details, and implied meanings. To enhance their reading skills, students should read English books, newspapers, and articles, and practice summarizing the main ideas and identifying key details.Writing SectionThe writing section measures the students' ability to express themselves effectivelyin written English. It requires students to write essays or compositions on given topics.To excel in this section, students should focus on developing their writing skills, such as structuring their essays, using appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and expressing their ideas clearly and coherently. Regular writing practice and seeking feedback from teachers or peers can greatly improve writing proficiency.Translation SectionThe translation section evaluates the students' ability to translate English sentences or paragraphs into Chinese, and vice versa. It tests their understanding of grammar, vocabulary, and idiomatic expressions. To excel in this section, students should enhance their vocabulary and grammar knowledge, practice translating various types of sentences, and review common translation mistakes.Tips and Strategies1. Time Management: Allocate sufficient time for each section based on their weightage. Do not spend too much time on a single section, as it may affect the completion of other sections.2. Skim and Scan: In the reading section, skim the text to get a general idea and scan for specific information when answering comprehension questions. This will help save time and improve accuracy.3. Active Listening: During the listening section, actively listen to the audio recordings, take notes, and underline keywords. This will assist in answering the questions accurately.4. Practice Regularly: Consistent practice is key to improving English language skills. Set aside dedicated study time for each section and practice with mock tests or sample papers to familiarize yourself with the exam format and enhance your performance.5. Seek Help: If you have difficulties in understanding certain concepts or sections, do not hesitate to seek help from your teachers or peers. They can provide guidance, clarification, and additional resources to support your learning.ConclusionThe 2017-2018 English high school model test for senior high school students in Qingpu District is an important assessment of their English language proficiency. By understanding the content and format of the test, and implementing effective study strategies, students can excel in the exam and achieve their desired results. Regular practice, dedication, and seeking help when needed are crucial in mastering the English language skills.。

2017上海高考英语一模：翻译部分青浦区：72。

中午的欢迎会已推迟到下周三。

(put）73. 专家建议推销活动要面向农村地区。

(propose）74. 每年八月这个摄影师都去海外寻找美丽的瞬间。

（overseas）75。

无论是短途旅行还是参加体育比赛，你最好把健康保险考虑在内。

(whether)72.The reception at noon has been put off till next Wednesday。

73.Specialists proposed that sales drives should be held in rural areas.74。

Every Auguest the photographer goes overseas to look for beautiful moments。

75.Whether you will go on an excursion or participate in a sports event, you’d better take health insurance into consideration。

宝山区：72. 顾客购物时总是注重品牌形象。

(focus)73. 我再也抑制不住看篮球比赛的冲动。

(no longer）74。

这本书备受推崇的原因是它给人以希望和启迪。

(…why…）75。

她的有关个人奋斗的演讲很真诚，让我们感动得几乎流泪.（…such…that…）72。

Customers always focus on brand image when shopping。

73。

I can no longer resist the impulse to watch basketball match。

74。

The reason why this book is popular is that it gives people hope and inspiration。

2017届上海市青浦区高考英语一模试卷(考试时间120分钟，满分140分）I.Listening Comprehension Section A Short ConversationsDirections. In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.D. Five.2. A. In a clinic. B.In a cinema.C. In an electronics store.D.In a bookstore.3. A. A salesperson. B. A pilot. C. A waitress. D. A firefighter.4. A. To work in July. B.To print a form.C. To go back to school.D.To take a vocation.5. A. He dropped his phone. B.He hates long-distance calls.C. His call got cut off.D.His mobile is too long.6. A. He is consulting. B.He is arguing with the woman.C. He is complaining.D.He is giving advice.7. A. People are waiting at the automatic ticket machine.B.The man will not stay in line for the tickets.C.The woman will exchange tickets at the machine.D.They are waiting in line buying tickets for a movie.8. A. She has confidence in her job.B. She has just got a job promotion.C. She is excited to see the man.D. She will make greater efforts.9. A. Find a paper in the copy machine.B.Fill out an application form.C.Show her library card.D.Sit at the table next to her.10.A. The posters are not as good as the stalls.B.The stall could have been more amazing.C.The charity event was a copy of the past.D.She was having hearing problems.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To show one’s love. B. To comfort someone.C. To identify an old friend.D. To congratulate someone.12. A. France. B. America.C. China. D. Britain.13.A. A comparison between the west and the east.B.People hug each other for many reasons.C.The French is a nation fond of hugging.D. A study on IQ and hugs.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.12.A. To save time for laws to take effect.B.To weaken the government’s check.C.To give himself more power.D.To change the country’s political system.13.A. A category. B. A measurement.B.An activity. D. An airport.14. A. The major industrial growth. B. The number of people at the airport.C. The side effect of an emergency.D. The unhealthy level of pollution.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.15.A. Aging process. B. A talk show.C. Job hunting.D. Work pressure.16.A. He will be in a talk show in the afternoon.B.He used to be an actor but now a manager.C.He noticed the woman was under stress long ago.D.He suggests the woman do something different.17. A. Hungry.B. Exhausted. C. Energetic. D. Relaxed.18. A. The woman feels stressed because she is aging.B.The woman feels sick, so she doesn,t want to have lunch.C.Payday makes the woman feel better despite the great pressure.D.The man was happy that he was not given the job he applied for II. Grammar and vocabulary II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.One day a professor entered the classroom and told the students about a surprise test. After hearing that, all students ____21____ (seat) and waited for the test to begin. The professor gave the test papers to all students with the text____22_____ (face) down at the desk. Once he handed out the test papers to all students, he asked them to turn the test pages and begin.Students’ were confused to see there was not a question ____23_____just a black dot in the center of the page. The professor noticed the students’ face expression and told them, “I want you to write about what you see there.”The students were even __24__ (confused) but started the test by then. At the end of the class,. the professor took all answer sheets and started reading each answer in front of all students. All of them described about the black dot, ___25______ position they tried to explain. After the professor finished reading, the whole class was silent.The professor explained, "Don't worry. I am not going to give you grades but I just want you to think about something. Here ___26______ focused on the black dot but no one wrote about the white paper, and the same is with our lives. The white paper represents our whole life and the black spot represents problems in our life. ___27___ our life is a gift given to us by God, with love and care, we have every reason to celebrate. Still we just focus on problems like healthissues, problems in relationships etc., but we never see these problems are very small compared with___28___ we have in our lives.”So there is the moral lesson: we ___29______ try to take eyes off our problems and enjoy each moment that life _____30____ (give) us. Be happy and live the life positively.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.B. generousC. financiallyD. effortE. datesF. victimG. closed H. substituting I .boostsHave you ever watched a television show or a movie and felt like you were watching a really long commercial? If so, then you’ve fallen ___31______to bad product placement (产植入）.Clever marketing folks want their products to be __32_ within a scene, but not the focus. When done correctly, product placement can add a sense of realism to a movie or television show.Product placement ___33______ from as early as 1950s when a drinks company paid to have a character in the movie The African Queen toss loads of their product overboard. Since then, there have been countless placements in thousands of movies.Sometimes product placement just happens. A set dresser (布景人员）might think of something that _34— the level of credibility or realism of the story. One example is the use of a can of ant killer in a violent fight scene in the popular television programme The Sopranos. A spokeswoman for the manufacturer said if the company had not been —35— about the use of their product, they would not have given it a thumbs-up.Arranged product placement deals are more prevailing. The most common type is a simple exchange of the product for the placement. A deal is made; in exchange for the airtime, the cast and crew are provided with a(n)___36______supply of the company's products.Sometimes, a gift of the product isn’t an appropriate form of compensation, and then the deal, ____37___with money, works well. Someone from a manufacturer's marketing team hears about a movie project, and approaches the set dresser with a(n) _38_ attractive proposal. They come to an agreement, and the product makes a number of 39— casual appearances. Both teams are happy.Before product placement really saw a rapid growth in the mid-1980s, it was pretty much a do-it-yourself ___40___. Now there are entire agencies that can handle the job. Some larger corporations will dedicate personnel to seek out opportunities for placement within films, television shows ——even games and music.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Traditionally uniforms were manufactured to protect the worker. When they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense — those for the military, forexample, were originally____41_____to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms indicated a distinction in ____42_____ chefs wore white because they worked with flour, but the main chef wore a black hat to show he inspected and supervised.The last 30 years, however, have seen an increasing____43_____ on their role in mirroring the image of an organization and in uniting the workforce, particularly in “customer facing” industries. From uniforms and workwear has emerged “___44______ clothing”. “The people you employ are your ambassadors (大使），’’ says Peter Griffin, managing director of a major retailer in the UK. “What they say, how they look, and how they behave is of vital importance.” From being a simple means of ___45___ who is a member of staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketing communication.Truly effective marketing through____46_____ images such as uniforms is a subtle art, however. How we look sends all sorts of powerful messages to other people. Dark colors give a sense of ____47_____ while lighter color shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservatism (守旧），while others a sense of___48______ to new ideas. If the company is selling quality, then it must have quality uniforms. If it is selling style, its uniforms must be stylish. If it wants to appear ____49____, everybody can’t look exactly the same.But turning corporate philosophies into the right combination of color, style, degree of branding and uniformity is not always ____50_____. According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying the workwear and corporate clothing market. Of these, 22 ____51_____for 85% of total sales 一£380 million in 1994.A successful uniform needs to___52______two key sets of needs. On the one hand, no uniform will work if staff feel uncomfortable or ugly. On the other hand, it is ___53______ if the look doesn't express the business's marketing strategy. The greatest challenge in this respect is time. When it comes to human awareness, first impressions count. Customers will assess the way staff look in just a few seconds, and that few seconds will____54_____ their attitudes from then on. Those few seconds can be so important that big companies are prepared to____55_____ years, and millions of pounds, getting them right.41. A. intended B. tended C. extended D. attended42. A. statue B. stability C. status D. statistics43. A. preference B. argument C. compliment D. emphasis44. A. cooperate B. political C. corporate D. academic45. A. exposing B. identifying C. qualifying D. requesting46. A. studio B. audio C. visual D. casual47. A. clarity B. authority C. availability D. accessibility48. A. exposure B. rejection C. reluctance D. openness49. A. stable B. uniform C. innovative D. similar50. A. smooth B. disagreeable C. objective D. complex51. A. exchange B. call C. stand D. account52. A. establish B. balance C. neglect D. desert53. A. pointless B. significant C. useful D. careless54. A. maintain C. draw D. value55. A. commit B. command C. dedicate D. investSection CDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)St Kilda is a tiny archipelago (群岛）of the North Atlantic Ocean. The islands are among the most spectacular, but the greatest fascination is that, for over a thousand years, people lived there and possessed a sense of community. Cut off from the mainland, the islanders had a distinct way of living their lives, mainly eating the seabirds that returned to breed on the rocks.Isolation also had a big effect upon St kildans attitudes and ideas. The people sacrificed themselves year in and year out, in a constant battle to secure a livelihood. In such harsh conditions, life was only possible because the whole community worked together.In the 19th century St Kilda was subject to pressures from the outside world. Education, religion and tourism all attempted to throw the St Kildans5 way of life into doubt. In the early 20th century, the strength of the community became weakened as contact with the rest of Britain increased. When disease cut their numbers, and wind and sea made it difficult to get adequate food, the St Kildans were forced to turn to the mainland for assistance.In 1930, the St Kildans finally agreed to abandon their homes. They settled on the Scottish mainland, not realizing it meant throwing themselves into the 20th century. As adults, they had to accept those values most Scots believe in. For instance, the islanders found it difficult to' base their existence upon money. They had never lived in a world where they bought goods and services from each other.The islanders showed themselves indifferent to the jobs they were given on the mainland. The labours asked of them were unskilled compared with the spectacular skills they had once performed in order to kill seabirds. Moreover, killing birds had once provided the community with food to survive. On the mainland, however, the tasks they were asked to perform did not provide them immediately with what was needed to keep them fed and warm.The history of the St Kildans after the evacuation (撤离），of their inability and lack of resolution to fit into urban society, makes sad reading. When they were resettled on the mainland, the St Kildans were forced to live in a society whose values were unacceptable and incomprehensible to the majority of them. For many, the move was a tragedy.56.According to Paragraph 3, the following factors lead to St kildans seeking help from outside EXCEPT______________.A.unbearable windB. insufficient food supplyC. contact with BritainD. worsening health57.After the St Kildans inhabited Scotland, they.A.soon learned how to buy goods and services from othersB.had trouble adapting to the value of dominant society.C.exhibited willingness to carry out their given jobs.D.had the opportunity to show their skills of killing seabirds.58.Which of the following is NOT about how people used to live on St Kilda?A.The major source of food was found locally.B.It was essential for people to help each other.C.Very few people had visited mainland Scotland.D.Money played an insignificant role in life.59.What is the passage mainly concerned with?A.The role of money in modem communities.B.How a community adapted to a different form of life.C.The destruction of an old-fashioned community.D.How a small community fight against opposite conditions.(B)The following safety risks may result in serious injury or death to the user of the MINI Cooper S:•This product contains small parts that arc for adult assembly (组装）only. Keep small children away when assembling. Remove all protective materials before assembly. Be sure to remove all packaging materials and parts from underneath the car body.•Battery posts contain lead known to the state of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Never open the battery.•Body parts such as hands, legs, hair and clothing can get caught in moving parts. Never place a body part near a moving part or wear loose clothingwhile using the vehicle. Always wear shoes when using the vehicle.•Using the vehicle near streets, motor vehicles, drop-offs such as steps, water (swimming pools) or other bodies of water, hills, wet areas, in small lanes, at night or in the dark could result in an unexpected accident. Instead, use the vehicle on the highway. Always use the vehicle in a safe, secure environment.•Using the vehicle in unsafe conditions such as snow, rain, loose dirt, mud, or sand may result in unexpected action, for example tip over.•Using the vehicle in an unsafe manner. Examples include but are not limited to:•Pulling the vehicle with another vehicle or similar device •Allowing more than two riders •Pushing the user from the back •Traveling at an unsafe speed•Always use common sense and safe practices when using the vehicle.•Store the vehicle indoors or cover it to protect it from weather. Water will damage the motor, electric system, and battery.60.When assembling, you should______________________.A. open the battery on the spotB. ignore the packaging materialsC. make sure kids are not presentD. start from underneath the car61.According to the text, it is safer to______________________.A. use batteries containing leadB. drive in small lanes at midnightC. drive on the highway instead of on hillsD. wear loose clothes while driving61.Where can you probably find the text?A.In an official report.B. In a medical journal.C. In a physics textbook.D. In a product handbook.(C)In a land swept by typhoons and shaken by earthquakes，how have Japan’s tallest and seemingly most breakable old buildings 一500 or so wooden pagodas, tower-shaped buildings — remained standing for centuries? Japanese scholars have been confused for ages about their stability.For centuries，many attributed the resilience (抗震’性）of pagodas to the massive trunk-like central columns known as shinbashira, which bends and swings during a typhoon or earthquake, just like a tall tree. But the amazing thing is that the shinbashira actually does not carry any load at all but is suspended from the top of the pagoda — hanging loosely downthrough the middle of the building. The weight of the building is supported entirely by twelve outer and four inner columns.And what is the role of the shinbashira, the central column? The best way to understand the shinbashira's role is to watch a video made by Shuzo Ishida, a structural engineer at Kyoto Institute of Technology. Mr. Ishida, known to his students as “Professor Pagoda” has built a series of models and tested them on a “shake-table” in his laboratory. In short, the shinbashira was acting like an enormous pendulum (钟摆).Under pressure, a pagoda’s loose floors could be made to slide back and forth independently. Viewed from the side, the pagoda seemed to be doing a snake dance — with each floor moving in the opposite direction to its neighbours above and below. The shinbashira, running up through a hole in the centre of the building, made it unlikely that individual storeys moved too far because, after moving a certain distance, they banged into it, passing on energy away along the column.Another strange feature of the Japanese pagoda is that, because of the building tapers (锥形), with each floor plan being smaller than the one below, none of the vertical (垂直的）columns that carry the weight of the building is connected to its corresponding column above. In other words, a five-storey pagoda contains not even one column that travels right up through the building. More surprising is the fact that the individual storeys of a Japanese pagoda are not actually connected to each other. They are simply stacked one on top of another like a pile of hats.The extra-wide eaves (屋檐）also play a part. Think of them as a balancing pole of tightrope-walkers. The bigger the mass at each end of the pole, the easier it is for the tightrope walker to maintain his balance. The same holds true for a pagoda. With the eaves extending out on all sides like balancing poles, the building responds to even the most powerful earthquake with a graceful swinging, never an abrupt shaking.62.In a Japanese pagoda, the shinbashira is designed to______________.A.bear certain amount of weight of the pagodaB.bend under pressure the way a tall tree doesC.connect the floors with pagoda’s baseD.stop the floors from moving too far58.Shuzo Ishida performs experiments in order to___________________.A.apply the pendulum into practiceB.gain insight into the “shake-table” modelC.learn about the mechanisms of pagodasD.locate shinbashira^ exact position in a pagoda59.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the article?A.Some columns may extend from the bottom to the top of a pagoda.B.The functions of extra eaves and balancing poles are similar.C.The storeys of a Japanese pagoda are fitted loosely.D.Pagodas5 amazing capacity to resist impact has long puzzled scholars.60.What is the best title for the passage?A.How Shinbashira Plays Its RoleB.Why Pagodas Do Not Fall DownC.Distinct Features of Japanese ArchitectureD.Shuzo Ishida, a Distinguished EngineerSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Why should mankind explore space? Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What prompted our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments?67________________. The wider the distribution of a species, thebetter its chance of survival.Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be located. Additional resources are always beneficial when used wisely, and can increase our chances of survival. Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society at large. 68_______. Also, we have already benefited from other by-products, including improvements in earthquake prediction — which has saved many lives — in satellites used for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick saucepans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the space industry!chances of a large comet (彗星）hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect the possibility of this happening, and enable us to minimize the damage, or prevent it completely, allowing us as a species to avoid extinction.In certain circumstances, life on Earth may become impossible: over-population or wide spread diseases, for instance, might eventually force us to find other places to live. While the earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in theA.The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives.B.Space allows us to expand and succeed: for the sake of everyone on the earth, now and in the future, space exploration is essential.C.The mysterious space objects varying in size have been fascinated scientists and scholars for years.D.It appears that we are driven to ensure the success and continuation of not just our own genes, but of the species as a whole.E.Therefore it still poses a problem for us human beings whether to explore the space at the cost of our own homelandsF.While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers.II.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Last year my company was bought by a large corporation and most of the managers lost their jobs. That was when I decided to do something I’d always wanted to do ——become a freelance writer (自由作家).Changing professions has meant that my lifestyle has changed in anumber of ways.I work about as much as I did before ——between 45 and 50 hours a week —~ but my schedule is much less fixed than it used to be. Before, I worked from 8 . to 5 . every day, with a few extra hours on weekends. Now, however, 1 work when I feel like it. For instance, sometimes I work until midnight or 2 ., then sleep until noon. I really prefer this kind of schedule.While I was working as a manager, I never exercised. I already felt tired after work, so I just came home in the evening and watched TV. However, last year I joined a health club and began to do regular exercise. As a result I have lost over 10 pounds and I feel much better. Tve also started to eat more healthfully. I used to eat a lot of fast food, but now I do my own shopping. I buy lots of fruits and vegetables and cook them at home.Of course, not all the changes have been that easy. For example, I don't feel as safe financially as I used to. When I was working as a manager, I never worried much about money. I could always count on getting my paycheck every two weeks. Working freelance, I don't have a regular paycheck. So now I have to make sure that there’s enough money until the next check arrives.All in all, I really like my current lifestyle. Of course, that doesn’t mean I’ll never want to have a “regular” job. But for me, at least, it suits me.III.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.中午的欢迎会已推迟到下周三。

上海高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.One day a professor entered the classroom and told the students about a surprise test. After hearing that, all students ____21____ (seat) and waited for the test to begin. The professor gave the test papers to all students with the text____22_____ (face) down at the desk. Once he handed out the test papers to all students, he asked them to turn the test pages and begin.Students’ were confused to see there was not a question ____23_____j ust a black dot in the center of the page. The professor noticed the students’ face expression and told them, “I want you to write about what you see there.”The students were even __24__ (confused) but started the test by then. At the end of the class,. the professor took all answer sheets and started reading each answer in front of all students. All of them described about the black dot, ___25______ position they tried to explain. After the professor finished reading, the whole class was silent.The professor explained, "Don't worry. I am not going to give you grades but I just want you to think about something. Here ___26______ focused on the black dot but no one wrote about the white paper, and the same is with our lives. The white paper represents our whole life and the black spot represents problems in our life. ___27___ our life is a gift given to us by God, with love and care, we have every reason to celebrate. Still we just focus on problems like health issues, problems in relationships etc., but we never see these problems are very small compared with___28___ we have in our lives.”So there is the moral lesson: we ___29______ try to take eyes off our problems and enjoy each moment that life _____30____ (give) us. Be happy and live the life positively.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.approachedB. generousC. financiallyD. effortE. datesF. victimG. closed H. substituting I .boosts J.visible K.seeminglyHave you ever watched a television show or a movie and felt like you were watching a really long commercial? If so, then you’ve fallen ___31______to bad product placement (产植入）.Clever marketing folks want their products to be __32_ within a scene, but not the focus. When done correctly, product placement can add a sense of realism to a movie or television show.Product placement ___33______ from as early as 1950s when a drinks company paid to have a character in the movie The African Queen toss loads of their product overboard. Since then, there have been countless placements in thousands of movies.Sometimes product placement just happens. A set dresser (布景人员）might think of something that _34— the level of credibility or realism of the story. One example is the use of a can of ant killer in a violent fight scene in the popular television programme The Sopranos. A spokeswoman for the manufacturer said if the company had not been —35— about the use of their product, they would not have given it a thumbs-up.Arranged product placement deals are more prevailing. The most common type is a simple exchange of the product for the placement. A deal is made; in exchange for the airtime, the cast and crew are provided with a(n)___36______supply of the company's products.Sometimes, a gift of the product isn’t an appropriate form of compensation, and then the deal, ____37___with money, works well. Someone from a manufacturer's marketing team hears about a movie project, and approaches the set dresser with a(n) _38_ attractive proposal. They come to an agreement, and the product makes a number of 39— casual appearances. Both teams are happy.Before product placement really saw a rapid growth in the mid-1980s, it was pretty much a do-it-yourself ___40___. Now there are entire agencies that can handle the job. Some larger corporations will dedicate personnel to seek out opportunities for placement within films, television shows ——even games and music.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Traditionally uniforms were manufactured to protect the worker. When they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense — those for the military, for example, were originally____41_____to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms indicated a distinction in ____42_____ chefs wore white because they worked with flour, but the main chef wore a black hat to show he inspected and supervised.The last 30 years, however, have seen an increasing____43_____ on their role in mirroring the image of an organization and i n uniting the workforce, particularly in “customer facing” industries. From uniforms and workwear has emerged “___44______ clothing”. “The people you employ are your ambassadors (大使），’’ says Peter Griffin, managing director of a major retailer in the UK. “What they say, how they look, and how they behave is of vital importance.” From being a simple means of ___45___ who is a member of staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketing communication.Truly effective marketing through____46_____ images such as uniforms is a subtle art, however. How we look sends all sorts of powerful messages to other people. Dark colors give a sense of ____47_____ while lighter color shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservatism (守旧），while others a sense of___48______ to new ideas. If the company is selling quality, then it must have quality uniforms. If it is selling style, its uniforms must be stylish. If it wants to appear ____49____, everybody can’t look exactly the same.But turning corporate philosophies into the right combination of color, style, degree of branding and uniformity is not always ____50_____. According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying the workwear and corporate clothing market. Of these, 22 ____51_____for 85% of total sales 一£380 million in 1994.A successful uniform needs to___52______two key sets of needs. On the one hand, nouniform will work if staff feel uncomfortable or ugly. On the other hand, it is ___53______ if the look doesn't express the business's marketing strategy. The greatest challenge in this respect is time. When it comes to human awareness, first impressions count. Customers will assess the way staff look in just a few seconds, and that few seconds will____54_____ their attitudes from then on. Those few seconds can be so important that big companies are prepared to____55_____ years, and millions of pounds, getting them right.41. A. intended B. tended C. extended D. attended42. A. statue B. stability C. status D. statistics43. A. preference B. argument C. compliment D. emphasis44. A. cooperate B. political C. corporate D. academic45. A. exposing B. identifying C. qualifying D. requesting46. A. studio B. audio C. visual D. casual47. A. clarity B. authority C. availability D. accessibility48. A. exposure B. rejection C. reluctance D. openness49. A. stable B. uniform C. innovative D. similar50. A. smooth B. disagreeable C. objective D. complex51. A. exchange B. call C. stand D. account52. A. establish B. balance C. neglect D. desert53. A. pointless B. significant C. useful D. careless54. A. maintain B.shape C. draw D. value55. A. commit B. command C. dedicate D. investSection CDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)St Kilda is a tiny archipelago (群岛）of the North Atlantic Ocean. The islands are among the most spectacular, but the greatest fascination is that, for over a thousand years, people lived there and possessed a sense of community. Cut off from the mainland, the islanders had a distinct way of living their lives, mainly eating the seabirds that returned to breed on the rocks.Isolation also had a big effect upon St kildans attitudes and ideas. The people sacrificed themselves year in and year out, in a constant battle to secure a livelihood. In such harsh conditions, life was only possible because the whole community worked together.In the 19th century St Kilda was subject to pressures from the outside world. Education, religion and tourism all attempted to throw the St Kildans5 way of life into doubt. In the early 20th century, the strength of the community became weakened as contact with the rest of Britain increased. When disease cut their numbers, and wind and sea made it difficult to get adequate food, the St Kildans were forced to turn to the mainland for assistance.In 1930, the St Kildans finally agreed to abandon their homes. They settled on the Scottish mainland, not realizing it meant throwing themselves into the 20th century. As adults, they had to accept those values most Scots believe in. For instance, the islanders found it difficult to' base their existence upon money. They had never lived in a world where they bought goods and services from each other.The islanders showed themselves indifferent to the jobs they were given on the mainland. The labours asked of them were unskilled compared with the spectacular skills they had once performed in order to kill seabirds. Moreover, killing birds had once provided the community with food to survive. On the mainland, however, the tasks they were asked to perform did not provide them immediately with what was needed to keep them fed and warm.The history of the St Kildans after the evacuation (撤离），of their inability and lack of resolution to fit into urban society, makes sad reading. When they were resettled on the mainland, the St Kildans were forced to live in a society whose values were unacceptable and incomprehensible to the majority of them. For many, the move was a tragedy.56. According to Paragraph 3, the following factors lead to St kildans seeking help from outside EXCEPT______________.A. unbearable windB. insufficient food supplyC. contact with BritainD. worsening health57. After the St Kildans inhabited Scotland, they .A. soon learned how to buy goods and services from othersB. had trouble adapting to the value of dominant society.C. exhibited willingness to carry out their given jobs.D. had the opportunity to show their skills of killing seabirds.58. Which of the following is NOT about how people used to live on St Kilda?A. The major source of food was found locally.B. It was essential for people to help each other.C. Very few people had visited mainland Scotland.D. Money played an insignificant role in life.59. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. The role of money in modem communities.B. How a community adapted to a different form of life.C. The destruction of an old-fashioned community.D. How a small community fight against opposite conditions.(B)The following safety risks may result in serious injury or death to the user of the MINI Cooper S: •This product contains small parts that arc for adult assembly (组装）only. Keep small children away when assembling. Remove all protective materials before assembly. Be sure to remove all packaging materials and parts from underneath the car body.•Battery posts contain lead known to the state of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Never open the battery.•Body parts such as hands, legs, hair and clothing can get caught in moving parts. Never place a body part near a moving part or wear loose clothingwhile using the vehicle. Always wear shoes when using the vehicle.•Using the vehicle near streets, motor vehicles, drop-offs such as steps, water (swimming pools) or other bodies of water, hills, wet areas, in small lanes, at night or in the dark could result in an unexpected accident. Instead, use the vehicle on the highway. Always use the vehicle in a safe, secure environment.•Using the vehicle in unsafe conditions such as snow, rain, loose dirt, mud, or sand may result in unexpected action, for example tip over.•Using the vehicle in an unsafe manner. Examples include but are not limited to:•Pulling the vehicle with another vehicle or similar device •Allowing more than two riders •Pushing the user from the back •Traveling at an unsafe speed•Always use common sense and safe practices when using the vehicle.•Store the vehicle indoors or cover it to protect it from weather. Water will damage the motor, electric system, and battery.60. When assembling, you should______________________.A. open the battery on the spotB. ignore the packaging materialsC. make sure kids are not presentD. start from underneath the car61. According to the text, it is safer to______________________.A. use batteries containing leadB. drive in small lanes at midnightC. drive on the highway instead of on hillsD. wear loose clothes while driving61. Where can you probably find the text?A. In an official report.B. In a medical journal.C. In a physics textbook.D. In a product handbook.(C)In a land swept by typhoons and shaken by earthquakes，how have Japan’s tallest and seemingly most breakable old buildings 一500 or so wooden pagodas, tower-shaped buildings — remained standing for centuries? Japanese scholars have been confused for ages about their stability.For centuries，many attributed the resilience (抗震’性）of pagodas to the massive trunk-like central columns known as shinbashira, which bends and swings during a typhoon or earthquake, just like a tall tree. But the amazing thing is that the shinbashira actually does not carry any load at all but is suspended from the top of the pagoda —hanging loosely down through the middle of the building. The weight of the building is supported entirely by twelve outer and four inner columns.And what is the role of the shinbashira, the central column? The best way to understand the shinbashira's role is to watch a video made by Shuzo Ishida, a structural engineer at Kyoto Institute of Technology. Mr. Ishida, known to his students a s “Professor Pagoda” has built a series of models and tested them on a “shake-table” in his laboratory. In short, the shinbashira was acting like an enormous pendulum (钟摆).Under pressure, a pagoda’s loose floors could be made to slide back and forth independently. Viewed from the side, the pagoda seemed to be doing a snake dance — with each floor moving in the opposite direction to its neighbours above and below. The shinbashira, running up through a hole in the centre of the building, made it unlikely that individual storeys moved too far because, after moving a certain distance, they banged into it, passing on energy away along the column.Another strange feature of the Japanese pagoda is that, because of the building tapers (锥形), with each floor plan being smaller than the one below, none of the vertical (垂直的）columns that carry the weight of the building is connected to its corresponding column above. In other words, a five-storey pagoda contains not even one column that travels right up through the building. More surprising is the fact that the individual storeys of a Japanese pagoda are not actually connected to each other. They are simply stacked one on top of another like a pile of hats.The extra-wide eaves (屋檐）also play a part. Think of them as a balancing pole of tightrope-walkers. The bigger the mass at each end of the pole, the easier it is for the tightrope walker to maintain his balance. The same holds true for a pagoda. With the eaves extending outon all sides like balancing poles, the building responds to even the most powerful earthquake with a graceful swinging, never an abrupt shaking.62. In a Japanese pagoda, the shinbashira is designed to______________.A. bear certain amount of weight of the pagodaB. bend under pressure the way a tall tree doesC. connect the floors with pagoda’s baseD. stop the floors from moving too far58. Shuzo Ishida performs experiments in order to___________________.A. apply the pendulum into practiceB. gain insight into the “shake-table” modelC. learn about the mechanisms of pagodasD. locate shinbashira^ exact position in a pagoda59. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the article?A. Some columns may extend from the bottom to the top of a pagoda.B. The functions of extra eaves and balancing poles are similar.C. The storeys of a Japanese pagoda are fitted loosely.D. Pagodas5 amazing capacity to resist impact has long puzzled scholars.60. What is the best title for the passage?A. How Shinbashira Plays Its RoleB. Why Pagodas Do Not Fall DownC. Distinct Features of Japanese ArchitectureD. Shuzo Ishida, a Distinguished EngineerSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Why should mankind explore space? Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What prompted our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? 67________________ . The wider the distribution of a species, thebetter its chance of survival.Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be located. Additional resources are always beneficial when used wisely, and can increase our chances of survival. Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society at large. 68_______. Also, we have already benefited from other by-products, including improvements in earthquake prediction — which has saved many lives —in satellites used for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick saucepans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the space industry!_____69___________.The chances of a large comet (彗星）hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect the possibility of this happening, and enable us to minimize the damage, or prevent it completely, allowing us as a species to avoid extinction.In certain circumstances, life on Earth may become impossible: over-population or wide spread diseases, for instance, might eventually force us to find other places to live. While the earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.______70___________A. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives.B. Space allows us to expand and succeed: for the sake of everyone on the earth, now and in the future, space exploration is essential.C. The mysterious space objects varying in size have been fascinated scientists and scholars for years.D. It appears that we are driven to ensure the success and continuation of not just our own genes, but of the species as a whole.E. Therefore it still poses a problem for us human beings whether to explore the space at the cost of our own homelandsF. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers.II. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Last year my company was bought by a large corporation and most of the managers lost their jobs. That was when I decided to do something I’d always wanted to do ——become a freelance writer (自由作家).Changing professions has meant that my lifestyle has changed in a number of ways.I work about as much as I did before ——between 45 and 50 hours a week —~ but my schedule is much less fixed than it used to be. Before, I worked from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. every day, with a few extra hours on weekends. Now, however, 1 work when I feel like it. For instance, sometimes I work until midnight or 2 a.m., then sleep until noon. I really prefer this kind of schedule.While I was working as a manager, I never exercised. I already felt tired after work, so I just came home in the evening and watched TV. However, last year I joined a health club and began to do regular exercise. As a result I have lost over 10 pounds and I feel much better. Tve also started to eat more healthfully. I used to eat a lot of fast food, but now I do my own shopping. I buy lots of fruits and vegetables and cook them at home.Of course, not all the changes have been that easy. For example, I don't feel as safe financially as I used to. When I was working as a manager, I never worried much about money. I could always count on getting my paycheck every two weeks. Working freelance, I don't have a regular paycheck. So now I have to make sure that there’s enough money until the next check arrives.All in all, I really like my current lifesty le. Of course, that doesn’t mean I’ll never want to have a “regular” job. But for me, at least, it suits me.III. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 中午的欢迎会已推迟到下周三。

上海高考英语一模：翻译部分青浦区：.中午地欢迎会已推迟到下周三.().专家建议推销活动要面向农村地区.().每年八月这个摄影师都去海外寻找美丽地瞬间.().无论是短途旅行还是参加体育比赛，你最好把健康保险考虑在内.()..., ’.宝山区：. 顾客购物时总是注重品牌形象.（）. 我再也抑制不住看篮球比赛地冲动.（）. 这本书备受推崇地原因是它给人以希望和启迪.（……）. 她地有关个人奋斗地演讲很真诚，让我们感动得几乎流泪.（………）....崇明区：. 你是否赞成为贫困学生设立一项基金？（). 不可否认地是上海迪斯尼乐园每天人满为患.（). 那个专门研究家庭教育地教授将受邀给这些家长做讲座.（). 垃圾分类不仅有助于环境保护还有利于废物循环利用，所以人人要行动起来.（) ?.., , .奉贤区：.环保组织呼叮公众投票反对这个项目.().人生最重要地不是我们置身何处，而是我们将前往何处.().只有充分利用你遇到地每个机会，你才能实现自己地梦想.（).随着各种支付方式地出现，许多人越来越担心地是，和现金或信用卡相比，他们地电子钱包是否足够安全.（)., .., , .虹口区：.干嘛不去看场电影放松一下自己？（）.全市所有地公园都应对市民免费开放.（）.杰克难得去老师那儿寻求帮助，他觉得自学会使自己受益更多.（）.现代互联网技术地发展越先进，人们在现实生活中地人际关系可能就会越疏远.（）?., ., ’.黄浦区：.这款手表不防水.().这是他第一次出国，是吗？().他从来都是毫不犹豫地提出那些他认为对别人有帮助地批评.().这篇文章值得下载，它不仅给读者提供了很多该课程地相关信息，而且还有大量地实用网址.()., ’ ?., .静安区：.互联网经济在为中国地国内外贸易提供新地机遇.( ).这段分钟地视频上传网上只有两小时，就有成千上万地人观看过.( ).就孩子报考哪所大学，很多父母煞费苦心地做仔细调查，咨询专家.( ).有时我们发现自己处于这样地窘境：即便觉得自己所做地不对，也要勉强为之.( ) ’..., .普陀区：.三轮激烈地电视辩论之后，当选为美国总统.（).无论多忙，我们都应该花点时间锻炼身体.（).手机在人们日常生活中起着如此重要地作用，没有人敢不带手机去旅行.（...).最近上映地这部电影旨在唤起公众对于边防警察地关注，他们冒着生命危险，不惜一切代价捍卫国家尊严.（), ., .’.’ .徐汇区：.我以为你会和我一起乘高铁去北京.().每月她都会留出一部分钱以备不时之需.( ).站在山顶，极目远望，大自然地壮美让我们惊叹不已.().被称为“发展中国家”并不一定是坏事，只有这样我们才能永远在发展地路上前进，追求更为高远地目标.().., .“”, .杨浦区：. 为了赶时髦，一些年轻人花费一个月地工资去购买新发行地电子产品.(). 人们理所当然地认为颜值高地人有可能受到雇主地青睐.(). 网购存在风险，因此下单之前地深思熟虑有助于避免不必要地损失.(). 消息传来在新西兰发生地震后，中国政府立即租用直升机实施救援，为此国人感到十分自豪.(), .’., ., .嘉定区：. 保持身体健康是硬道理.（）. 货到后，你应该立即付款.（）. 圣诞节来临，购物中心里人潮涌动，这已经不足为奇了.（）. 据真实故事改编地电影“深海浩劫”（), 以其逼真地特效，吸引了许多观众.（）..., , .松江区：.任何为实现梦想而付诸行动地人都应受到尊敬.（).他高中一毕业就迫不及待地出国旅游去了. ().听到两位宇航员安然无恙地返回地球地消息，人们欣喜若狂.().务必保管好你地密码，否则别人会获取你储存在电脑中地重要信息. ().’., ., .金山区：.她经常在周末带她儿子去音乐会，让他受到艺术地熏陶.（）.我做梦也想不到会在这次化学竞赛中获一等奖.（）.对于越来越多地城市居民而言，有车意味着得拼命去找一个停车位.().有些动物灭绝地原因是它们无法适应新地环境，因此我们必须注意保持生态平衡.（）, .., .’, .闵行区：.你认为谁该为这起严重地事故负责？().他伤得很严重，应该马上送医院.(...).不管学生提出什么问题，这位老师总是耐心回答.().这款电子产品存在严重地质量问题，几乎无消费者问津.().这家饭店虽然地段不佳，但因菜肴丰富，服务优良而深受食客青睐.()?., .., .浦东新区：.解除病人地痛苦是医生地职责.().先进地电脑技术正在逐渐改变我们地购物方式.().大多数孩子很少与父母和老师之外地成年人有密切地接触，他们对大人地生活鲜有概念.().志愿者活动不仅能使青少年学到如何帮助残疾人，还可以提高他们与陌生人合作地意识.( …)’’ ..., ’.。

Why Aren’t Women Happier?Why aren’t women happier these days?That’s the question raised by a thought-provoking study, The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness, __31__ last month. The research showed that over the past 35 years women’s happiness has declined, both __32__ to the past and relative to men even though the lives of women in the US have improved in recent decades by most __33__ measures.The research, by University of Pennsylvania economists Stevenson and Wolfers, and made __34__ by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found the decline in happiness to be widespread among women across a variety of demographic (人口统计的) groups. The researchers, for instance, measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and married parents, “__35__ doubt on the hypothesis (假设) that trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood or work/family __36__ are at the root of the happiness declines among women,” they wrote.One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the women’s movement and women might feel __37__ for not “having it all,” as a Los Angeles Times columnist recently put it.The researchers acknowledge that’s a __38__:“If the women’s movement raised women’s expectations faster than society was ab le to meet them,” the paper says, “they would be more likely to experience __39__ in their lives.” But they add things could change for the better: “As women’s expectations move into adjustment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse.”Readers, why do you think women are unhappier than in the past? Do you think that if expectations for “having it all” were __40__ to “move into adjustment with experiences,” women might be happier?31-40:DKHAF JBGECFirst Aid: Difference between Death and LifeFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain ___31___ signs including pulse, temperature, and breathing. First aid must be ___32___ as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.First-aid ___33___ depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. For example, ___34___ moving a person with a neck injury can lead to permanent health problems.Despite the variety of injuries possible, several ___35___ of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, ___36___ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and ___37___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether ___38___ conditions exist. One method for ___39___ a victim’s condition is known by the acronym ABC, which stands for:A – Airway: is it open and clear?B – Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.C –Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding ___40___? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.31-40 KAGEJ BIFCDImagine an urban neighborhood where most of the cars are self-driving. What would it be like to be a pedestrian?Actually, pretty good. In fact, pedestrians might end up with the run of the place. In a new study published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research, Millard-Ball looks at the __31__ of urban areas where a majority of vehicles are “autonomous” or self-driving. It’s a phenomenon that’s not as far off as one might think.“Autonomous vehicles have the potential to __32__ travel behavior,” Millard-Ball says. He uses game theory to __33__ the interactions between pedestrians and self-driving vehicles, with a focus on yielding at crosswalks.Because autonomous vehicles are by design risk-averse, Millard-Ball's model suggests that pedestrians will be able to act with impunity, and he thinks autonomous vehicles may facilitate a shift towards pedestrian-oriented urban neighborhoods. However, Millard-Ball also finds that the __34__ of autonomous vehicles may be hampered by their strategic disadvantage that slows them down in urban traffic.“Pedestrians routinely play the game of chicken,” Millard-Ball writes. Crossing the street, even at a marked crosswalk without a traffic signal, requires a probability calculation: what are the odds of survival?The benefit of crossing the street __35__, instead of waiting for a gap in traffic, is traded off against the probability of injury or even death. Pedestrians know that drivers are not interested in running them down -- usually. But there is the chance a driver may be __36__, or drunk.Self-driving cars are __37__ to obey the rules of the road, including waiting for pedestrians to cross. They could provide the most __38__ transformation in urban transportation systems. Parking, street design, and transportation service networks are likely to be revolutionized. In his latest study, Millard-Ball suggests that the potential benefits of self-driving cars -- avoiding __39__ of traffic and traffic accidents -- may be outweighed by the drawbacks of an always play-it-safe vehicle that slows traffic for everybody.“From the point of view of a passenger in an automated car, it would be like driving down a street filled with __40__ five-year-old children,” Millard-Ball writes.Alternatively, planners could seize the opportunity to create more pedestrian-oriented streets. Autonomous vehicles could start a new era of pedestrian domination.31—40 K H B D A I C G E FThis invention, commonly used in offices and households throughout the world, came about as a result of a series of accidents. In 1968 Spencer Silver, who was working for a company called 3M at the time, was trying to produce super-strong adhesive, a substance making things sticky together, to be used in the building of plane s. This, however, wasn’t successful and instead he succeeded in creating an extremely weak adhesive that was 31 to pressure. This new adhesive had two advantages: it could be removed from surfaces quite easily and it could be reused. In spite of these two 32 features, nobody could see any practical use for it. In the end, the invention was 33 .A few years later, Art Fry, a product development engineer working for 3M, decided to use this adhesive for 34 use. He stuck strips of paper in a book as page marker and a whole new concept was born. However, the idea still wasn’t without35 . The challenge was to make the glue stay on the sticky note itself, rather than peeling off and staying on the surface it was 36 to. Two more 3M employees were brought in and set the task of producing a coating for the adhesive so that it wouldn’t come off and they37 just that.Unfortunately, 3M bosses still believed that this invention wasn’t going to be 38 successful and people would continue to use crap paper(小纸条) for their notes rather than sticky notes. This is why sticky notes were only tested within the company, where they became extremely popular. It wasn’t until many years later that 3M bosses finally decided to give out a vast amount of free 39 to other companies to see if anyone would be interested in buying them. To their surprise, 90 per cent of the companies approached went on to order more stickynotes. This went beyond anybody’s 40 . Nowadays, sticky notes come in a variety of shapes and colours and are sold in more than 100 countries.31-35 JGKFE 36-40 ADBICThe rise in stories describing events that never happened, often involving fake people in fake places, has led to Facebook and Google’s (31) ____ to deal with them. But are we really so easy to fool? According to several studies, the answer is yes: even the most obvious fake news starts to become believable if it’s (32)_____ enough times.In the months running up to the US election there was a surge(大浪) in fake news. According to an analysis by Craig Silverman, a journalist, during this time the top 20 fake stories in circulation (33)_____ the top 20 stories from 19 mainstream publishers.Paul Horner, a creative publisher of fake news, has said he believes Donald Trump was elected because of him. “My sites were picked up by Trump supporters all the time… His followers don’t fact-check anything –they’ll post everything, believe anything,” he told the Washington Post.Silverman previously (34)_____ rumours circulating online in 2014 and found that shares and social interactions around fake news articles dwarfed(使...相形见绌) those of the articles that exposed them. According to Silverman, fake news stories are engineered to appeal to people’s hopes and fears, and aren’t (35)_____ by reality, which gives them the edge in creating shareable content.You might think you’re immune to falling for these lies, but a wealth of research disagrees. Back in the 1940s, researchers found that “the more a rumour is told, the more (36)_____ it sounds”. They suggested this means that a rumour born out of mild suspicion can, by gaining currency, shift public thinking and opinion.This false impression of truth was (37)_____ practically in 1977 when researchers in the US quizzed college students on the actuality of statements that they were told may be true or false. The researchers found that simply repeating the statements at a later date was enough to increasethe (38)______ of the students believing them.Last year, Lisa Fazio at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and her team found that students become more likely to believe a statement that they know must be false if it is repeated.“Our research suggests that false news can and likely does affect people’s (39)_____. Even if people are conscious that a headline is false, reading it multiple times will make it seem more trustworthy,” Fazio says.Reassuringly, the team found that a person’s knowledge still has a large influence over their beliefs, but it’s still a worryin g (40)______ given that falsehoods appear repeatedly in our newsfeeds every day.31-40：BEAJF HKCGIThere is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. Thus we can ____31____ the word “reading” in two distinct senses.The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. We can get ____32____ to the content of those materials easily. Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don’t have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was ____33____ to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can ____34____ the reader’s understanding. Such communication between unequals must be possible. Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning” means understanding more, not remembering more information.What are the ____35____ in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. The writer must be “____36____” to the reader in understanding. Besides, his book must ____37____ something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the readermust be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to ____38____ the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is ____39____, success of communication is achieved.Besides gaining information and understanding, there’s another goal of reading - entertainment. It is the least ____40____ and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.31-40 DGAFI JHEKBThe meaning of silence varies among cultural group. Silence may be 31___, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every 32 with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it. as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of 33 among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be 34 is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these culture, silence is a call for 35____.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with 36 among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show 37 between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an cider or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the 38 meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not39 too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing 40 of silencecan use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures 31-40: EIACB KGJDFIn late February, a mainland tourist caused a disturbance on a Hong Kong subway. Thereason? Eating in public.In Hong Kong it is 31._____ to eat on the subway, and when the tourist was scolded by a Hong Kong local, the situation escalated（升级）into a verbal slinging match.In New York City, eating on the subway is also controversial. No law bans the practice, buta Democratic state senator (参议员) introduced one last week. The 32._____ law would ban eating on the subway system and 33._____ first time violators $250 (1,579 yuan), according to the New York Times. Proponents of the bill argue that eating on the subway attracts rats. Others say the broader target should be litterbugs, rather than those who carefully sip their coffee and eat their bread on the way to work. They also argue that "street food" is an important part of New York's culture and history. Banning its 34.______ in public areas such as the subway would have negative effects.Street food, and eating in public places is a deep-rooted cultural practice in cities as diverse as New York, Beijing and Paris. While 35______, it has been traditionally thought of as the behavior of the lower classes. Eating in public was (and in some places, still is) associated with 36______, poorer people. In the 19th century, eating in public was seen as a threat to morality and public health. Putnam's (a popular magazine at the time) stated: "Eating in public may cause a certain 37._______ofmanner and disinterest in little ladies and gentlemen. It was something people in the Victorian era did not want to 38._____. A recent New York Times article drew a link between this moral 39.______ about street food and concern over the growing populations of Irish, German, Italian and Jewish 40.____ who ran food carts in the 1800s.Whether you love eating street food, or have to eat your breakfast on the run, it's best to beconsiderate when enjoying a bite in public.31-40 EFKHB CIAGDSmart Phone Application Tracks Mental HealthMilitary service is obviously rough on a service member’s mental health. According to some 31____, 30 percent of service members develop some type of mental health issue within four months of returning home after leaving the army.The military is spending more money than ever to 32____mental health issues within the ranks, and their latest attempt is a smart phone application called the T2 MoodTracker application, which helps service members keep track of their mental health after leaving the army. The app works like a high-tech diary, allowing users to 33____ emotions and behaviors that result from therapy, medication, daily experiences or changes happening at work or in the home. The smart phone app isn’t supposed to be a pocket 34 ____, though. It serves more as an extremely accurate and 35 ____record of a service member’s mental health.Perry Bosmajian is a psychologist with the National Center for TeleHealth and Technology, where this smart phone app was created. He says this smart phone app will produce much more accurate results on the 36 ____conditions of service members who have returned home. “Therapists and physicians often have to rely on patient 37____ when trying to gather information about sympt oms over the previous weeks or months,”Bosmajian said. “Research has shown that information collected after the fact, especially about mood, tends to be 38____. The best record of an experience is when it’s recorded at the time and place it happens.”The app specifically tracks anxiety, depression, general well-being, life stress, post-traumatic (受伤后的）stress and brain injury. The daily expressions add up over time to produce a(n) 39____ that can be observed by physicians and therapists.The app has been downloaded more than 5,000 times since it became 40____ on the Android Market a year ago. Users of iPhones can also have access to the app some time next year.31-40 DJFIC BKGHACould It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutchpainters.However, there are 31 whether some paintings attributed (归属）to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting isknown as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed therepresentation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraitsknown to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that32 it could not be a work by Rembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman in the 33 is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a 34 fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been 35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and 36 ____ , but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light 37 onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting 38 that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was _____ 40 ___ from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.31-40 HKDCB JFIAGNINE people died and 43 were injured in two rear-end crashes on Shanghai’s S32 Expressway that occurred during heavy fog yesterday morning.Two were 31 dead at the scene in one of the accidents, and five were found dead in the other. Two more people died in hospital, police said.Police first received a report at 5:54 am that 32 vehicles had crashed on the S32, near a ramp of S2. The S32 links Shanghai with Zhejinag Province’s Jiaxing and Huzhou.Two people were killed after getting out of their vehicle to see what was causing congestion ahead. They were hit by an out of control tanker, police said.When police arrived at that scene, they found a further five people had been killed when a construction vehicle was crushed by two large vehicles from both front and back. The crash was about three kilometers away from the accident that killed the two people on the expressway. The injured were sent to local hospitals.Some drivers reported that the road was very 33 and braking had led to vehicles losing control. “The fog was very heavy,” an unidentified driver told Shangh ai Television Station. “When I saw the accident ahead, I wanted to slow down and 34 . But once I hit the brake, the vehicle went out of control.”Zhoupu Hospital treated 12 people. “One of the 35 died on the road to the hospital,” Ding Fuhao, a doctor with the hospital, told the television station. “Three were 36 injured.”The city’s meteorological authority 37 an orange alert on heavy fog at 6:06 am, meaning 38 would be lower than 200 meters in some areas.The dense fog hit coastal areas in particular, including Chongming Island, Pudong New Area, Baoshan and Fengxian districts. The alert was 39 at 9:44am. This was Shanghai’sfirst orange alert of heavy fog since the arrival of autumn.Several expressways in the city were closed or subject to speed limits yesterday morning. Pudong International Airport was also affected by the bad weather. The airport’s traffic was about 60 percent less than normal in the morning but picked up the 40 after the orange alert was canceled, the city’s television station said.31-35 DCIAB 36-40 HCKJEGood news for giant panda lovers: the cute and cuddly creature has just been brought back from the edge of extinction.The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) __31__ the species from “endangered” to “vulnerable” as the union released its updated Red List on Sept. 4 at Hawaii with their __32__ growing by 17 percent in the decade leading up to 2014.Chinese conservation efforts, including forest protection and reforestation, are considered to be the __33__ force behind the animal's re-prosperity. The number of panda __34__ in China has also jumped to 67, from 13 in 1992. Nearly two-thirds of all wild pandas live there. Restoring the panda’s habitat has given them back their space wit h food available to them.Apart from giant pandas, the Tibetan Antelope has also moved from “endangered” to “near threatened”. According to a statement from IUCN, the animal's numbers have shrunk severely - dropping from around 1 million to a(n) __35__ 65,000 -- 72,500 in the 1980s and early 1990s - due to commercial poaching (偷猎). Rigorous protection has since been __36__ to protect the beasts and the population is now likely to be between 100,000 and 150,000.Despite the improved __37__，wild animals like the giant panda and the Tibetan Antelope still face challenges. The IUCN warned, for example, that ongoing threats from climate change could eliminate more than 35 percent of the panda's bamboo habitat in the next 80 years, which would __38__ the species recent gains.Good progress has been made but there is still work to do. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is devoted to __39__ species from around the world and their statuses in relation to theirrisk of extinction. The list currently has eight categories, including extinct, extinct in the wild, __40__ endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near threatened, least concern and data deficient. These categories are based on criteria relating to population trends, size and structure, and geographic range.31---40 G E H C F J A K D IDonald Trump 31 his place as the United States’ 45th president after crossing the 270 electoral vote threshold (门槛) on November 9. The 70-year-old Republican will take over from Barack Obama, a two-term president to occupy the White House.The rise of Trump, a celebrity businessman with no previous experience in the 32 or elected office, surprised nearly everyone in politics. Trump’s victory over Clinton will end eight years of Democratic 33 of the White House. He will govern with Congress fully under Republican control and lead a country deeply 34 by his campaign against Clinton. Given the numerous Republicans who never backed him, Trump will have to face divisions within his own party, too.As he claimed victory, Trump 35 Americans to “come together as one united people.” “I pledge to every citizen of our land that I will be president for all Americans,” he said in his victory speech. Striking a gentle tone, Trump continued that he would reach out to a few of those who had chosen not to support him for 36 an d help so that “we can work together and unify our great country.”As president, Trump’s government agenda remains unclear. The president-elect has promised to bring changes to the United States. He said he would build a wall along the U.S-Mexico border to stop immigrants from coming into the country 37 , 38 immigration from countries with ties to terrorist groups, and bargain with foreign governments such as those of Russia and China. Trump has also promised to prioritize the economic growth that creates jobs and 39 incomes for all Americans.Trump is a wild card, many voters said, but the definitely has a chance to be a successful president as long as recognizes the responsibilities he 40 and follows through on his promises.31---40 JFACE HKGBDHave you ever watched a television show or a movie and felt like you were watching a really long commercial? If so, then you’ve fallen __31__ to bad product placement (产品植入). Clever marketing folks want their products to be __32__ within a scene, but not the focus. When done correctly, product placement can add a sense of realism to a movie or television show.Product placement __33__ from as early as 1950s when a drinks company paid to have a character in the movie The African Queen toss loads of their product overboard. Since then, there have been countless placements in thousands of movies.Sometimes product placement just happens. A set dresser (布景人员) might think of something that __34__ the level of credibility or realism of the story. One example is the use of a can of ant killer in a violent fight scene in the popular television programme The Sopranos. A spokeswoman for the manufacturer said if the company had not been __35__ about the use of their product, they would not have given it a thumbs-up.Arranged product placement deals are more prevailing. The most common type is a simple exchange of the product for the placement. A deal is made; in exchange for the airtime, the cast and crew are provided with a(n) __36__ supply of the company's products.Sometimes, a gift of the product isn’t an appropriate form of compensation, so the deal __37__ with money works well. Someone from a manufacturer’s marketing team hears about a movie project, and approaches the set dresser with a(n) __38__ attractive proposal. They come to an agreement, and the product makes a number of __39__ casual appearances. Both teams are happy.Before product placement really saw a rapid growth in the mid-1980s, it was pretty much ado-it-yourself __40__. Now there are entire agencies that can handle the job. Some larger corporations will dedicate personnel to seek out opportunities for placement within films, television shows —even games and music.keys:31-40 FJEIA BGCKDIn recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on developing stronger science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum(课程) and programs, as these discipline are widely ___31____ as the means to help innovation and support national economies.This trend reflects a shift in how school discipline are being looked at; schools are ____32____ on subject that have traditionally been isolated from each other -----science, mathematics, and art --- in favor of deeper, interdisciplinary learning. K-12 education leaders are pioneering new methods for combing the arts with STEMS activities, ____33____ the ways in which subjects naturally connect in the real world. While this new movement is being discussed almost clearly and directly in an education context, its roots are planted across nearly every industry. In many ways, technology is the connective tissue. Similarly, engineering new transportation technologies requires artful design. The growing ___34____ of the important unions between different skills is paving that way for STEAM in schools.Some doubts of this movement have dismissed_____35_____ as a mere fashion driven by artists who are concerned their profession is losing critical support in an increasingly technology-focused society. However, the Hilburn Academy argues that STEAM is not just a contemporary program of learning, but an important life philosophy----____36_____ for higher education and career success. Schools should provide students plentiful opportunities ____37_____the complexities and complicated layers that indicate concrete knowledge. Early examples of STEAM learning include teaching students how mathematical concepts such as geometry(几何学) are rooted in artworks.While the rise of STEAM learning is relatively new, there are already figures that prove the。

2017上海英语高考模拟试题（含答案）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.5:55B.6:15C.6:45 D.6:302. A.At a convenience storeB.At a cinemaB.At a railway station D.At a hospital3. A.She eatched a TV show until midnight B.She was trying a new dietC.She did too much physical exerciseD.She was having a fever4. A.He left his cellphone at homeB.He was late for the meetingC.He was in a hurry to go back homeD.He didn't read the message while running5. A.Ticket seller and audienceB.Manager and secretaryC.Librarian and readerD.Receptionist and customer6. A.The boy's examination scoreB.The boy's life goals in the futureC.The boy's performance in a basketball gameD.Parents expectation on child's academic performance7. A.The man had supposed the woman to be lateB.Stacy didn't take the traffic into considerationC.Atacy didn't admit being late for the appointmentD.The woman was a little bit late for the appointment8. A.From the newspaperB.From the internetSection BDirections: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and two longer conversations. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.In two days , it will be Christmas, children all over world (21) ________(look) forward to this day for weeks. People celebrate Christmas with food, decorations, music and more. But for many people , gift-giving is the most exciting part of the holiday.I have fond memories of Christmas shopping with my family as a child. I enjoyed the challenge of keeping my parents’ gifts a secret. It was hard to buy gifts right.(22)______their noses withoutthem seeing. Everyone placed(23)__________(wrap) gifts under the Christmas tree until Christmas morning, (24)________we opened them.Picking a great gift require (25)________(know) the person you’re giving it to. You need to know the person’s tastes and find something the person doesn’t already have. This can be quite a big challeng e . Often it’s wise to provide a receipt (26)______ _________the person needs to exchange the gift.The best gifts are personal . Many Americans don’t feel money constitutes a good gift(27)_______it doesn’t require any thought. They prefer something chosen just for the person. If the gift is a high-quality homemade gift, that’s even better.Gift-giving reflects the reason(28)______ people celebrate Christmas. Christians in particular remember the birth of Jesus. When he was born, wise men traveled many miles to visit him, (29)________(bring) expensive gifts. But the greatest gift wasn’t from the wise man, but from God-----the baby Jesus. God gave this gift because everyone needed it. We needed God to forgive our bad actions so that we (30)______ live forever with him. So on Christmas we give presents to imitate God’s action of giving the perfect gift.Section BDirections: Fill each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. dominanceB. liftsC. dividedD. assumesE. urgedF. militaryG. suspendH. guidance I. violentlyJ. claimed K. illegallyDonald Trump ___31___ his place as the United States 45th president after crossing the 270 electoral vote threshold(门槛) on November 9. The 70-year-old Republican will take over from Barack Obama, a two-term president to occupy with White House.The rise of Trump , a celebrity businessman with no previous experience in the ___32___ or elected office, surprised nearly everyone in politics. Trump’s victory over Clinton will end eight years of Democratic ___33___of the White House. He will govern with Congress fully under Republican control and lead a country deeply ___34__ by his campaign against Clinton. Given the numerous Republicans who never backed him , Trump will have to face divisions within his own party, too.As he claimed victory, Trump ___35___ Americans to “ come together as one united people.” “I pledge to every citizen of our land that I will be president for all Americans ,” he said in his victory speech . Striking a gentle tone, Trump continued that he would teach out to a few of those who had chosen not to support him for ___36___and help so that “ we can work together and unify our great country.”As president, Trump’s govern ing agenda remains unclear. The president elect has promised to bring changes to the United States. He said he would build a wall along the U.S-Mexio border to stop immigrants from coming into the country___37___.___38___ immigration from countries with ties to terrorist groups, and bargain with foreign governments such as those of Russia and China. Trump has also promised to prioritize the economic growth that creates jobs and ___39___incomes for all Americans.Trump is a wild card, many voters said, but he definitely has a chance to be a successful president as long as he recognizes the responsibilities he ___40__and follows through on his promises.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Security guard, truck driver, salesperson—year after year, these jobs appear on lists of the unhappiest careers. Although many factors can make a job ___41___ --unusual hours, low pay, no chance for advancement—these three jobs ___42___ for another reason: a lack of small talk. Psychologists have long said that connecting with others is central to our well-being, but just how much conversation we require is under ___43___. In one study, researchers overheard undergraduates for four days and then ___44___ each conversations either “small talk” (“What do you have there? Pop corn? Y ummy!”) or “serious” (“Did they break up soon after?”). They found that the second type is connected with happiness—the happiest students had roughly twice as many “serious” talks as the unhappiest ones. Small talk, meanwhile, ___45___ only ten percent of their conversation, versus almost 30 percent of conversation among the unhappiest students. However, don’t just consider small talk ___46___ yet. Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding. Chatting with strangers could ___47___ our morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists found that those who chatted with other train passengers reported a more pleasant journey than those who didn’t.Small talk can also help us feel connecter to our ___48___. People who smiled at, made eye contact with and ___49___ spoke with their Starbucks baristas （咖啡师）reported a greater sense of ___50___ than those who rushed through the transaction（交易）. ___51___, when volunteers broke the silence of the art gallery to chat with gallery-goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who were not ___52___.Of course, some of us are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger. In one study, people who were rated “less curious” by researchers had trouble getting a conversation ___53___ on their own. People who were considered “curious”, meanw hile, needed no help ___54___ conversations about ordinary things like favorite holidays into friendly exchanges. A “curious mindset,” the researchers concluded, can lead to “positive social ___55___.”Therefore, go ahead—small talk needn’t be idle, and nosiness isn’t all bad.41. A. rewardingB. depressingC. exhaustingD. challenging42. A. stand outB. turn upC. give offD. put forward43. A. negotiationB. constructionC. investigationD. examination44. A. dividedB. entitledC. imposedD. cataloged45. A. figured outB. made upC. look overD. added to46. A. worthlessB. essentialC. boringD. ridiculous47. A. occupyB. satisfyC. brightenD. spoil48. A. emotionsB. heartC. customersD. surroundings49. A. purposefullyB. brieflyC. continuouslyD. generally50. A. responsibilityB. securityC. belongingD. achievement51. ConsequentlyB. OppositelyC. UnexpectedlyD. Similarly52. A. approachedB. attachedC. addressedD. attended53. A. breakingB. pausingC. rollingD. stopping54. A. evolvingB. substitutingC. adaptingD. transforming55. A. interactionB. standardC. impactD. involvementSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Dear Alcohol,You’ve been around forever, I can remember all the pain you’ve caused me.Do you remember the night you almost took my father’s life? I do. He loves you. Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me. He’s addicted to you, to the way you promise to rid him of his problems only to cause more of them. You just sat back and laughed as his car went spinning through the street, crashing into two othe r cars. He wasn’t the only one hurt by you that night.Do you remember the night of my first high school party? You were there. My friends were intrigued by you. They treated you as if they were never going to see you again, drinking all of you that they could. I spent two hours that night helping my friends who had fallen completely. “I’m so embarrassed,” they said as I held their hair back so that they could vomit. “I’m sorry,” they said when I called taxies for them, walking them out and paying the drive r in advance. “This won’t happen again,” they said as they were sent to the hospital to have their stomachs pumped. Two 15-year-old girls slept in hospital beds that night thanks to you.Do you remember the night when you took advantage of my 17-year-old neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lessons? Do you know how we all felt when he hit another car and killed the two people in the other car? He died the next morning too. His sister walked home from her dance lesson, and passed police cars and a crowd of people gathering on the sidewalk just two blocks away from the dance studio. She didn’t realize her brother was in the midst of it all. She never saw him again. And it’s all your fault.I wish you’d walk out of my life forever. I don’t want anything to do with you. Look at all the pain you’ve caused. Sure, you’ve made people happy too from time to time. But the damage you’ve caused in the lives of millions is inexcusable. Stop luring（引诱）in the people I love. Stop hurting me, Sincerely,Anonymous56. What did alcohol do to the author’s father?A. It took his life away one night.B. It helped to get rid of his problems.C. It pushed him to hurt others when driving.D. It got him seriously injured in a car accident.57. The underlined words “were intrigued by” in paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ______.A. were familiar withB. were curious aboutC. were disappointed atD. were fed up with58. Which of the statements is TRUE about the author’s neighbor or his sis ter?A. He drove to pickup his drunken sister.B. His sister was to blame for the car accident.C. He crashed into a car from the other direction.D. His sister was too scared to look at the scene of the accident.59. What is the tone of the article?A. HumorousB. DoubtfulC. IndifferentD. Critical(B)60. The total capacity for the public forum on nee and joint pain is ______ people.A. 5B. 20C. 50D. 10061. Mr Li, a marathon runner, has an irreparable slip disc（椎间盘突出）.Which hospital should hego to if he does not want to undergo any operation?A. Mt Elizabeth HospitalB. Gleneagles HospitalC. Changi General HospitalD. Singapore General Hospital62. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Any Singaporean can attend Dr Tan’s talk fre e-of-charge.B. Participants of public forum can get a book $20 cheaper.C. People “like” the Mind Your Body Facebook page can win a prize.D. People can book the Bone Density Scan on Feb 4th at a special price.(C)China’s domestically developed, long-acting experimental AIDS drug is undergoing a final review by the China Food and Drug Administration, the last stage in the approval process. Different from traditional oral drugs that require daily use, but it’s a heavy burden for patients to take medicine every day for years. As a result, long-acting drugs are the future direction in developing innovative AIDS medicine. For Chinese patients, the number of oral drugs available in the domestic market is very limited, so there is an urgent need for drugs to solve the problem of drug resistance.Zhao Yan, a treatment specialist at the National Center for AIDS said seven or eight oral drugs for AIDS are currently provided to patients for free. “The injection solution could give an alternative to patients … if it could be included in the country’s health insurance system,” she said.“Now very few patients are using drugs from the health insurance system, both because no differentiated drugs are provided and because the procedure is more complex and could harm their privacy,” she said. “New drugs will be broadly used only if the system can embrace more varieties of drugs.”Albuvirtide went into the research and development stage in 2002 and entered phase three of clinical trials—a step to assure safety and effectiveness before market approval—in 2014. Phase three is the last round of clinical trials for new drug tests in China. If the drug can pass the reviews of the country’s drug watchdog, usually at least two rounds, it can then enter the market. The time needed for the review ranges from months to years.Clinical trials showed that the new drug performs even better than the oral drugs being used. Most of the oral drugs for AIDS being used in China are generic drugs developed in the 1970s and ‘80s that are not so e fficient. In terms of safety and effectiveness, evidence so far showed that Albuvirtide is better than most second-line drugs—drugs used when first-line standard drugs fail—in developed countries because of lower toxicity（毒性）and fewer side effects. Worldwide, a number of long-acting AIDS drug are in development. None has been approved for sale. Only Albuvirtide and a few in the United States have entered phase three of clinical trials.63. Albuvirtide is ______.A. a China-developed long-acting oral AIDS drugB. undergoing a clinical test on dogs to assure its safetyC. more efficient than other AIDS drugs and has fewer side effectsD. the only AIDS drug that has entered the last round of clinical trials64. Albuvirtide is good news for AIDS patients in China because ______.A. it’s a new drug and they are not resistant to itB. it is one of the most effective first-line drugsC. it has been included in the health insurance systemD. they can keep their privacy by being injected once a week65. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. The research and development of Albuvirtide began in 2002.B. There are usually three phases in the clinical trial for a new drug.C. Albuvirtide is now in the stage of carrying out clinical trials.D. The time needed for review varies from drug to drug.66. We can infer from the passage that ______.A. Albuvirtide can spare patients from taking oral drugs every dayB. the health insurance system has room for further improvementC. most AIDS drugs being used now were developed in last centuryD. China is leading the whole world in the field of AIDS researchSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Where do you think the world’s happiest people live? Somewhere hot with sandy beaches? A country with a tradition of the fine food and culture? Not according to a recent study by the university of Leicester. Who are the happiest people on Earth? ___67___ Surprised? Well you’ll be more surprised when you hear that the Danes pay some of the highest taxes in the world. So what is the secret of their success?Let’s start with all that tax they pay. The Danish government provides its people with one of the finest education and health systems in the world. It spends more on children and elderly people per capital than other country.And there’s another advantage to those high taxes. Because a shop assistant’s final salary is not that much less tha n someone who works in a bank, for example, Danes don’t choose their careers based on money or status as people in other countries do. They choose the job they want to do. There’s a philosophy in Denmark known as “Jante-lov”, which translates as “you’re no better than anybody else.” ___68___ But workers in order countries are not used to looking at life in this way. Money doesn’t seem as important in Denmark. It has been called a “post consumerist” society. ___69___ What is more important is the sense of s ociety and it’s no surprise that Danes are very used to socializing. 92% of Danes belong to some kind of social club and these clubs are even paid for by the government.___70___ They also show an amazing amount of trust in each other and their government. You can see sighs of this all over the country. You’ll find vegetable stalls with no assistant. You take what you want and leave the money in a basket. perhaps the bike is a good symbol for Denmark. The Danes can afford cars but they choose bikes—simple, economical, non-polluting machinesthat show no status and help keep people fit.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.On a damp, boring, stay-in-house kind of day, I was a 4-year-old artist armed with a new treasure: my own big box of crayons（蜡笔）. Somehow, the usual paper wasn’t special enough for these 64 perfect, sweet-smelling sticks of vivid color. I looked around for a bigger canvas（画布）. If only there were hidden walls. Walls like the ones in Mom and Dad’s closet.Slipping quietly down the hall to the bedroom, I stood on tiptoe to reach the string for the closet light. Words and images filled my mind faster than my hands could make them.A brilliant rainbow was seen on one wall, with a cheery golden sun peeking out from above. Below, a giant shade tree supported a swing for stick-figure children. Around them, flowers bloomed everywhere.My masterpiece! All my very own magic! I look in the walls, the colors and the brightness. Joy swelled inside me. But as my creativity wound down, a thought popped up: I’ve got to show Mom! Suddenly I was still.Mom called out, “Dinner’s ready.” After a short time, her footsteps approached, and then finally, the closet door opened. I stood nervously in the corner.Mom breathed in sharply, then stood frozen. Only her eyes moved as she slowly looked over my masterpiece. She was quiet for a long, long time. I didn’t dare breathe.Finally, she turned to me.“I like it,” she said, “No, I love it! I feel I have a new closet!”Now, 45 years later, my childhood artwork is still there. And in my own house, the closet walls are masterpieces, too, created by my own daughters when they were little girls.Every time I open a closet door, I remember that, as big as that box of crayons and white walls seemed when I was little, my monther’s love was the biggest thing of all.I. TranslationsDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 为了赶时髦，一些年轻人花费一个月的工资去购买新发行的电子产品。

青浦区2017学年第一学期期末考试试卷高三英语（考试时间120分钟，满分150分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上）第Ⅰ卷 (共103分)I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill inthe blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits eachblank.(A)During the summer days my mother built her fire in theshadow of our cabin. In the early morning our simple breakfast (25) (spread) upon the grass. The morning meal was our quiet hour. At noon, several (26) chanced to be passing by stopped to rest, and to shareour luncheon with us. I loved (27) (well) theevening meal, for that was the time old stories weretold.I was always glad when the sun hung low in the west, for then my mother sent me to invite the neighboring old people to eat supper with us. "Yes, yes, gladly, gladlyI shall come!" each replied. My mission done, I ran back,(28) (skip) and jumping with delight.At the arrival of our guests I sat close to my mother, and did not leave her side. I ate my supper in quiet, listening patiently to the talk of the old people, wishing all the time that they would begin the stories. At last, when I (29) not wait any longer, I whispered in my mother's ear, "(30) them to tell an Iktomi story, mother."Then my mother said aloud, "My little daughter is anxious to hear your stories." As each in turn began to tell a legend, I pillowed my head in my mother's lap; and lying flat upon my back, I watched (31) stars one by one. The increasing interest of the tale aroused me, and I sat up eagerly listening for every word. The old women made funny remarks, and laughed so heartily(32) I could not help joining them.(B)The 43rd U.S. president George W. Bush stepped backinto the spotlight when a library and museum dedicatedto him opened to the public on May 1. the George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum is dedicated (33) the campus of Southern Methodist University in Dallas,Texas. The library and museum is plentiful with exhibitson the historical events. ‚About 3000,000 visitors (34) (expect)‛,said the library and museum spokesman.Presidential libraries are not libraries in thetraditional sense. People cannot go to the George W. Bush Presidential library (35) (check) out abook. They are facilities that preserve documents anditems of a president and his act of governing. (36) is preserved at a presidential library is available tothe public to see and study because presidentiallibraries are public property (37) (belong)to the American people.The Presidential library system began in 1939 whenPresident Franklin Roosevelt ,during(38) second term in office, donated his personaland presidential papers to the government. Up until thatpoint, presidential papers were destroyed, sold forprofit, ruined by poor storage conditions, (39) were simply lost to the history.Roosevelt believed that presidential documentswere an important part of the nation’s heritage. He alsodonated a potion of his estate in Hyde PARK, New York,(40) his library and museum would be built.This began a tradition that would carry on with everypresident that followed.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using thewords in the box. Each word can only be used once. Notethat there is one word more than you need.It's the customary bedtime practice every parentwould feel fearful----being asked to read the same bookfor many times. But while the 41 repetition mightbe boring for mum or dad, it is the best way for toddlersto learn new words, according to research.The findings suggest parents are wasting money by spending a fortune on huge book collections in the hope they will inspire their little ones. Instead, a small selection of favourites such as The Very Hungry Caterpillar or The Gruffalo will 42 far more.Dr Jessica Horst, of the University of Sussex’s WORD Lab devised an experiment to check how quickly three-year-olds could recognize and 43 six new words. The children were visited three times in a week. One group heard the same story three times back-to-back each time and another was read three 44 stories.All had the same amount of new words which appeared the same 45 of times.When researchers returned a week later, they found the children who heard the same story over and over had 46 learned 3.6 of the new words. While those 47 to a variety of stories remembered only 2.6.They also noted the ‘repetition’ group learned at a faster rate than those in the ‘ 48 ’ group.Dr Horst said: ‘We ar e showing that less is more,to a point. And, 49 , the more times you read to a child and the more books you have will help them. Butyou don’t need to go crazy and buy every single Thomas the Tank Engine book. Reading the same books over and over agai n helps.’Speaking of the 50 studies, we have found one in three don’t read to their children before putting them to bed. Yet 30 minutes of one-on-one literacy sessions can improve reading age by nearly two years in less than five months.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Seven-year-old Jordan Lisle,in Mill Valley,California,joined his family at a packed after-hours school event la st month aimed at inspiring anew interest:computer programming.The event was part of a national educational___51___ _in computer coding instruction that isgrowing at Internet speeds.Since December,20,000teachers from kindergarten through12thgrade have___52_____coding lessons,according to Code. org,a group backed by the techindustry that offers free curriculums.___53_____,some30school districts have a greed to addcoding classes in the fall.And policy makers innine stat es have begun awarding the same___54____for computer sc ience classes that they do forbasic math and science courses,rather than treating the m as optional courses.It is a remarkable change for computer science.Smar tphones and apps are commonplace now,and engineering careers are__55____.To many parents,c oding looks more like a basiclife skill,one that might someday__56____a great job o r even instant riches.The spread of coding instruction,___57____just new,is‚never known—there’s never been a move this fast in education,‛said Elliot Soloway ,a professor of education and computerscience at the Uni versity of Michigan.He sees it as very positive,___58__ __inspiring studentsto develop a new passion,perhaps the way that teaching f rog dissection (解剖)may inspire future surgeons and biologists.But the exposure to early coding comes with__59__, too.It is not clear that teaching basiccomputer science in grade school will beget future jobs or encourage__60_ __creativity and logical thinking.And particularly for younger children,Dr.Soloway said,the activity is more like a video game,but not likely to impart actual progra mming skills. A coding curriculum, ___61___ by Code. Org., combines basic instruction with videogames involving Angry Birds and hungry zombies.The lessons do not__62____traditional computer language.R ather,they use simple wordcommands—like‚move forwa rd‛or‚turn right‛—that children can click on and move around, to ___63____an Angry Bird to capture a pig.The movement comes with no shortage of‚we’re chan ging the world‛marketing passion from Silicon Valley.‚This is strategically___64____for the economy of the United States,‛said JohnPearce,a techn ology businessman who has started anonprofit,MV Gate,with Jeff Leane,to bring youth and family coding courses developed by Cod to MillValley.Parents love the idea of giving children something to dowith computers that they see as____65___,Mr.Pearce said.‚I can’t take my kidplaying one more hour of video games,but if the children are exploring coding,I tell himI can live with that all night long.‛51. A. temptation B. movement C. motionD. proposition52. A. introduced B. appealed C. recognized D. calculated53. A. In addition B. However C. ThereforeD. Thus54. A. rewards B. prizes C. creditsD. funds55. A. costly B. critical C. insecure D. hot56. A. result from B. work out C. pick upD. lead to57. A. before B. while C. whenD. after58. A. virtually B. extensively C. potentially D. annoyingly59. A. warnings B. responsibility C. admission D. compliments60. A. superior B. inferior C.fiercer D. broader61. A. collected B. developed C. mentioned D. sacrificed62. A. declare B. cover C. callD. deepen63. A. forbid B. resist C. urgeD. direct64. A. sensible B. reliable C. significant D. common65. A. efficient B. measurable C. productive D. stableSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)66. Of the four books mentioned above, who are the creators of the poems?A. Andrew Motion and Liz BerryB. Liz Berry and Ruth PadelC. Anthony and Ben HoldenD. Ruth Padel and Ben Holden67. Which of the following statements is true?A. Students aged 14 to 18 can choose a poem from Black Country to take part in a competition.B. Liz Berry can change the unpleasant Brummie accent into a beautiful song.C. Men will cry after they read the poems written by 100 distinguished persons.D. You will read personal perspectives in Poems That Make Grown Men Cry.68. My cousin is obsessed with poetry of different kinds,so my first choice as a gift for him would be ______.A. Learning to Make an Oud in NazarethB. Black CountryC. Poetry by HeartD. Poems that Make Grown Men Cry69. Which of the four books may probably give the people living in psychological suffering comfort and relief?A. Poems that Make Grown Men CryB. Poetry by HeartC. Black CountryD. Learning to Make an Oud in Nazareth(B)Emergency rooms (ER) are supposed to cure people but Dr. John Stemgold wonders if working in an ER in Willitsmade him sick. The ER was downwind of the Remco chrome plant. ‚I used to sit facing that window and kind of daydream out the window, looking at Remco, looking at the fog coming out of there. Then I would cough and cough.‛ Stemgold said.What Dr.Stemgold didn’t know was that Remco was flowing out Chromium VI into the air--- a chemical known to cause cancer and breathing problems in humans. A recent state health department study found that people who were in Willits when Remco was in operation from 1964 to 1995 are at higher risk for cancer because of Chromium VI exposure.Today Dr.Stemgold has lots of time to play his guitar. It turns out he has a form of breathing difficulty. Hospital chemicals cause coughing so violently that he’s broken bones and it’s cost him his career. Others in this town believe the Chromium has made them sick, too, and their families. Actually, Chromium VI was classified as a carcinogen , a cancer-causing substance, thirty years ago, Twenty years ago, a group of state scientific specialists found no exposure level below which carcinogen effects would not have someprobability of occurring. Still, Remco was allowed to flow out Chromium VI into the air.In the battle to balance public health and a healthy economy, laws often favor business, Alan Ramo is a professor of law at Golden Gate University. ‚There is a real drive to make money, to have employment. When there’s a real job that’s available and a theoretical r isk of a chemical, jobs win out, business wins out.‛ And chemicals are allowed to flood the marketplace and the government requires strict testing before any drugs can be sold. But the vast majority of industrial chemicals are put into use little testing of any kind Chemicals that people like us, you and me might be exposed to. Marilyn Underwood is with California state health department. ‚ You need to have the convincing evidence that something is bad to then start regulating it.‛ However, in most cas es, chemicals are not tested until someone reports the abnormal, unnatural condition of the environment in general.‚I think that if people really knew what really goes on with environmental protection I think they would be shocked and they should be.‛ Says Professor Ramo.‚It might be valuable for other people to know what has happened to me, not for me but for them.‛ He said ‚because they might be in a similar situation because of where they work.‛70. What happened to the people who lived in Willits from 1964-1995?A. most of them were forced to move away.B. They earn a lot of fortune from the factory or the profit it brought about.C. employees from local area all got sick and lost their jobs at the plant.D. They have a greater chance of having severe disease.71. What can we infer from the scientists’ finding twenty years ago?A. Chromium VI surroundings help surgeons have more casual life.B. More skillful and capable doctors were needed.C. There is no safe level of Chromium VI exposure.D. A group of scientists were trying proper ways to solve the problems.72. When are new chemicals for industry tested?A. When they make smog-forming gases.B. When some problem is noticed.C. Ten years after they are first used.D. When the plant faces collapse.73. One of the important issues in the story is______.A. The dangers of emergency rooms that create health problem downwind.B. Doctors prescribing too many drugs.C. The battle to balance public health and a healthy economyD. Why scientists restricted chemical, like Chromium VI(C)The vast majority of fitness trackers count your steps and are worn around the wrist, but now there’s a device that’s designed to be worn like a necklace and monitors tiny movements to improve your posture.The Fineck device aims to address neck pain by tracking tiny movement, spotting bad habits and suggesting exercises via an accompanying app. Made from silicone(硅)and titanium(钛), Fineck monitors a wearer’s movement, balance, posture and movement thanks to sensors inside. The Mountain ViewCalifornia-based firm says that a high percentage of people suffer from neck pain and associated problems, probably caused by more individuals doing office jobs, which generally involve leaning over computer keyboard.The device contains sensors, several different types of instruments to monitor movement, plus a monitor to shake. It connects to an iOS app via Bluetooth so that wearers can see their bad habits and play ‚neck training‛ games. The app warns of health risks and records a use r’s activity to build up a customer personal health description. The necklace shakes to give smart advice, such as reminding wearers to sit up straight. The app also allows users to set goals, like many other wearables do. ‚Fineck is the first wearable device for your neck that tracks your neck activity and warn you when you are in a bad posture for too long. You can also exercise your neck with Fineck’s interactive games.‛ The company writes on Kickstarter. ‚No matter where you are and what you are doing at office, on the go, or simply just feeling bored, Fineck will bring you enriched exercise experience through motion sensing games and therapies.‛It also claims that it is ‚the world’s first titanium wearable device‛. The metal is widely used in fashion stuff that you can wear or carry to match your clothes because it is lightweight, durable and does not tend to cause allergic(过敏的)reactions. It also offers additional features such as shaking to indicate alerts on a user’s smartphone, but it is not cur rently clear whether it can also be used like bands, to count steps, and so on.The Fineck has a battery life of around seven days and takes one hour to charge. It is available to pre-order via Kickstarter from ＄69(￡44)and is due to ship in March next year.74. What helps the Fineck device to deal with neck pain?A. An accompanying app.B. A necklaceC. Computer keyboard.D. A remote control75. Besides allowiong people to set goals, the iOS app also_____.A. improves your posture and suggests exercisesB. exercise your neck and does office jobsC. alerts you to health risk and records your activityD. counts your steps and addresses neck pain76. Which of the following statements is true?A. The Fineck takes an hour to charge and is available at any time.B. Movie stars like to wear necklace made of silicone to match their clothes.C. The device count the steps to help wearers to see their bad habits.D. Neck-ache is something caused by using computers too much.77. We can infer from the passage that the Fineck device will_____.A. actually not cause allergic reactions.B. enrich your life by providing ‚neck training‛ gamesC. monitor a wearer’s movement due to the material it is made ofD. help to correct your improper posturesSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The one place you really don’t want to be on weekend is in hospital. Last week, it was revealed in the research by Guy’s and St Thomas’ hosp ital in London,that stroke patients admitted on a Saturday or Sunday are up to 16 percent more likely to die .Meanwhile , a report earlier this year from NHS England found that all patients are 12 percent more likely to die if admitted to hospital at the weekend ------this was because fewer senior staff were available and there was a lack of access to key physical examination tests, such as scans.But even if you’re not in hospital, weekends can be a health danger. You might have thought it was your chance to recover after a hard week ,but as we reveal, while they won’t kill you, weekends may be bad for your health.Headaches can occur more often at the weekend--------especially on a Saturday-------because of a chance in our routine, suggests Dr Andy Dowson, director of headache services at King’s College Hospital, London. He says:‛ if you are used to eating at a certain time of day or getting up and falling asleep at the same time, not continuing in the normal way at the weekend can cause headaches as your body and brain try to adjust to irregular meals or having a lie-in.‛one theory is that the hypothalamus is very sensitive to any change in the body’s routine.Caffeine withdrawal may be another factor, if you usually drink three or four cups of tea or coffee on week days to help you concentrate at work, but don’t at the weekend, your body can go into withdrawal . it’s thought caffeine also influences the chemical messenger that widens blood vessels in the brain----without it, these vessels narrow again, triggering a headache.Lying on the sofa in front of TV for hours watching your favorites after a week of running around can make heartburn worse----or even cause it to happen, as sitting with the head and shoulders bent forward puts pressure on the stomach, forcing acid up the gullet, the tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach, say Steven Mann, a gastroenterologist at the Royal Free London Trust.Acid reflux can also become a problem at the weekend you cannot bear because of less regular meal times as a result of late nights and lie-ins, explains Dr Mann. And having a take away could be the final straw. ‚ Oily, fatty food stimulates acid production, which can alsocause problems such as heartburn and overflowing with the food.‛Dr Mann adds.(note: Answer the question or complete the statements in NOT MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS)78. besides fewer staff available, why are weekend patients admitted to hospitals more likely to die?79. what are the two factors which may cause headaches?80. A headache sometimes occurs when blood vessels narrow for lack of ___________________________________________81. we can infer from the passage that the final straw in the last paragraph means___________________________________.第Ⅱ卷 (共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. Translation.1.这项慈善基金的设立旨在中国推广青山年足球。