英语句子成分详解

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英语句子成分一、句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

主要成分:句子成分次要成分:二、各成分分析(一)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和从句等表示。

例如:1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ()2.We often speak English in class.()3.Forty sounds similar to fourteen. ()4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.()5.It is necessary to master a foreign language.()6.Smoking does harm to the health.()7.The rich should help the poor.()8.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.()9.It is necessary that he should attend the meeting tomorrow. ( )10.That he is all-round stirs the interest of all the judges. ( )(二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词或动词短语在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。

谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。

例如:1.We come.2.Is Tom watching TV in the sitting-room now?3.They have learned three English songs already.4.We have been looking forward to his visit.5.He is a student.6.He looks quite happy today.注:系动词用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的身份,状态和性质特征等。

系动词可分为以下六类:1)状态系动词:beHe is ill.He is a student.2)持续系动词:keep, remain, stay, last...He always keep silent at the meeting.Eggs can stay fresh for a long time in the fridge.3) 表象系动词:seem, appear, lookHe seems (to be) very sad.4)感官系动词:feel, smell, taste, soundThis kind of cloth feels very soft.This dish tastes delicious.5) 变化系动词:become, grow, turn, go, get...He went crazy.Leaves tun green in spring.6)终止系动词:prove, turn outThe rumor proved false.His plan turned out a success.(三)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。

表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句表示。

例如:1.Our teacher of English is an American.()2.Is it yours?()3.The weather has turned cold.()4.The speech is exciting.()5.The cup is broken. ( )6.Three times seven is twenty one?()7.His job is to teach English.()8.The question is when and where to go for a picnic. ( )9.His job is teaching English.()10.The machine must be out of order.()11.The meeting is of great importance. ( )12.Time is up. The class is over.()13.Are they in? ( )14.The truth is that he has never been abroad.()15.The question is when and where we will go for a picnic. ( )(四)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

(不及物动词动词没有宾语)宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、名词化形容词、不定式、动名词短语和从句。

例如:1.They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.()2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.()3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.()4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.()5.He pretended not to see me.()6.Alice thinks it interesting to swim with her sister. ()7.I enjoy listening to popular music.()8.I think(that)he is fit for his office.()9.I don’t know where the sports meeting will be held. ( )双宾语:直接宾语和间接宾语例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.()是直接宾语,( )是间接宾语。

总结:有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如give, pass, tell等,这两个宾语通常一个是人,一个是物,其中_______是直接宾语,__________是间接宾语。

常见的这类及物动词有:1)To: give, pass, tell, write, send, show, hand, bring, lend...2)For: buy, cook, order, choose...(五)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。

带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:1)某些及物动词如make等+宾语+宾补2)with/leave+宾语+宾补。

宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

例如:1.His father named him Tom.()2.We all made Jack monitor at the last class meeting. ( )3.They painted their boat white.()4.I find it very interesting to listen to some music. ( )5.Let the fresh air in.()6.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.()7.The teacher asked the students to close the windows. ( )8.We saw her entering the room.()9.I saw a cat running across the road. ( )10.He found his house broken into when he got home. ( )11.I had my car repaired yesterday. ( )12.We found everything in the lab in good order.()13.Did you see him under the tree alone. ( )14.We will soon make our city what your city is now.()With的复合结构:with +宾语+宾语补足语(宾补通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词和不定式六种形式)1.He is used to sleeping with the door open. ( )2.With her parents dead, the girl had to left school. ( )3.Mary left the room with all the lights on. ()4.With his parents away, Tom became more naughty. ( )5.With a book in his hand, the teacher walked in. ( )6.The girl looked up with tears in her eyes. ( )7.With summer coming, the weather is becoming hotter and hotter. ( )8.With the teacher standing beside, she felt a bit uneasy. ( )9.With the work done, she felt greatly relieved. ( )10.He looks much younger with his hair cut. ( )11.With so much work to do, i have no time to play. ( )12.With her to go with us, we are sure to have a pleasant journey. ( )(六)定语:限定或修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。