山东省招远市金岭镇邵家初级中学九年级语文下册 作文开头与结尾教案 鲁教版

山东省招远市金岭镇邵家初级中学初中英语毕业班上学期第一阶段试题说明：本试题满分120分，其中书写质量3分，卷面安排2分。

考试时间90分钟。

第Ⅰ卷（共60分）一、基础知识运用（共20小题，计20分）1．He said that he would _______ if he had much money so that more poor people could get help．A．buy a lot of clothes B．visit many places of interest C．give it to charity D．give it to his parents2．--Hello, Mike! Where is Lin Tao? I have something important to tell him．--He left ________ goodbye to us just now．A．with saying B．not say C．to say D．without saying3．--I've been waiting for you for an hour! Where have you been?-- ________．It's rush hour now．You know, the traffic is too heavy!A．It doesn't matter B．Sorry about thatC．Be careful D．What a pity4．Amy has no idea ________ her summer holidays．A．what she should spend B．when should she spendC．Where she should spend D．how should she spend5．--Whose red backpack is this?--It ________ he Tom's．His backpack is red．A．might B．need C．must D．can't 6．Mary left angrily ________ what you had said to her．A．because of B．because C．since D．as7．--Don't make any noise in the movie theater．--________．A．Yes，I will B．Yes，I won't C．Sorry，I can'tD．Sorry，I won't8．--I think animals should live in zoos．-- ________．I have never seen a zoo that is suitable for animals to live in．A．I agree with you B．I disagree with youC．Me，too D．Me，neither9．-- ________ is the new square?--It is 550 meters long and 350 meters wide．A．How long B．How much C．How big D．How many 10．I think it is a little bit hard ________ people from using plastic shopping bags．A．to stop B．stopped C．stopD．stops11．Professor Yi Zhongtian ________ to the Talk Show on CCTV-1 last week．A．invites B．invited C．was invited D．is invited12．The special bowl ________ wine warm in the old days．A．is used to keeping B．is used for keepingC．was used to keeping D．was used for keeping13．Edison ________ the light bulb and Columbus ________ America．A．discovered，discovered B．invented，discoveredC．invented，invented D．discovered，invented14．--Look! ________ children are dancing on the playground．--Do you know ________ them?A．A great number of，a great number of B．The number of，a great number ofC．A great number of，the number of D．The number of，the number of 15．--Do you mind if I sit here?-- ________．It's for Mr. Brown．A．Not at all B．Never mind C．Better not D．Of course not16．--I wonder ________ Jack will come to my birthday party．--I will call you if he ________．A．if，comes B．that，will comeC．if，will come D．that，comes17．Excuse me．Could you please tell me ________ there?A．how to get B．how to get to C．how can I get to D．how can I get18．By the time we got home，my mother ________ supper ready．A．get B．got C．has got D．had got 19．Nick looked tired this morning because he ________ late last night，surfing the Interact．A．stayed up B．dressed up C．looked up D．put up20．--You said you made an ________ thing this morning．--Oh，I forgot my classmate's name when I met her in the street．A．embarrassing B．exciting C．interestingD．important二、完形填空（共15小题，计15分）Have you ever had problems in your life and had no idea how to be happy? If ___21___，you will find Being a Happy Teenager by Australian writer Andrew Matthews ___22___．In his book，Matthews ___23___ us how to have a happy life and answers the ___24___ of teenagers．There are many subjects such as parents and friends，and the book ___25___ that we should stop being angry and learn to forgive（宽恕）others．The book tells us of useful skills such as how to put what you have learned into pictures of your mind to ___26___ your memory better．Many teenagers think that happiness comes from a good exam result ___27__ praise （表扬）from other people But you can ___28___ be happy when there are no such “good”things．Success comes from a（n）___29___ attitude．If you learn from problems，you will have success in the future．Some school students have ___30___ such as being too tall or too short．But Matthews tells us that ___31___ comes from thinking about things in a positive （积极的）way．If you are ___32___，people notice you and you can get a ___33___ view（视线）at the movie；if you are short，your clothes and shoes ___34___ less room in your bedroom! This is Matthews' most important study：you choose to be ___35___!21．A．so B．not C．it D．do 22．A．wise B．smart C．useful D．simple 23．A．orders B．tells C．asks D．argues 24．A．problems B．questions C．ideas D．comments 25．A．says B．writes C．reads D．drinks 26．A．make B．turn C．let D．change 27．A．and B．but C．so D．or 28．A．yet B．already C．still D．or 29．A．bad B．good C．unhappy D．normal 30．A．experiences B．difficulties C．fears D．problems31．A．success B．happiness C．failure D．height 32．A．short B．small C．tall D．fat 33．A．lower B．higher C．worse D．better 34．A．take B．spend C．cover D．cost 35．A．tall B．unhappy C．sad D．happy 三、阅读理解（共20小题，计25分）（A）Hard way to SuccessPresident Barack Obama gave a back-to-school speech to American students on the first school day after summer break．I know that sometimes you get the sense（理解）from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work—that your ticket to success is through rapping （说唱）or basketball or being a reality TV star．But the truth is，being successful is hard．You won't love every subject you study．You won't click with every teacher．Not every homework assignment will seem completely relevant（相关的）to your life right this minute．And you won't necessarily succeed at everything the first time you try．That's OK．Some of the most successful people in the world are the ones who've had the most failures．JK Rowling's first Harry Potter book was rejected（拒绝）12 times before it finally came out．Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team，and he lost hundreds of games and missed thousands of shots（投球）during his career．But he once said：“I hav e failed over and over and over again in my life．And that is why I succeed．”These people succeeded because they understand that you can't let your failures define（定义）you--you have to let them teach you．You have to let them show you what to do differently next time．If you get in trouble，that doesn't mean you're a troublemaker，it means you need to try harder to behave．If you get a bad grade，that doesn't mean you're stupid，it lust means you need to spend more time studying．36．What's Obama's main point in this passage?A．Success is no big deal．B．Success takes hard work．C．It's easier for a basketball player to succeed．D．Grades matter if someone wants to succeed．37．The phrase “click with” in the passage probably means _________．A．fight with B．be satisfied withC．run into D．be popular with38．Obama mentioned JK Rowling and Michael Jordan to ________．A．teach the importance of success B．show that failure are everywhereC．explain different ways to success D．show that success doesn't come easily39．How should we treat failures，according to Obama?A．We should forget about them．B．We should let them define us．C．We should learn from them．D．We should stop them happening．40．If you get a bad grade in an exam，that means _________．A．you're stupid B．you're cleverC．you need to study harder D．you needn't study any more（B）If you go to a fast food restaurant you will probably see a lot of teenagers．Most teenagers love food with a lot of fat，oil，salt，and sugar．People often call this kind of food junk food．But bad eating habits go beyond fast food．Today，many teenagers are overweight mainly because of their had eating habits．We find many teenagers eat unhealthily．Some don't have breakfast before they go to school．Some don't have a proper（适当的）meal for lunch．In a recent survey of 2000 students，it was found that over two thirds of the students didn't have a healthy diet．Many of them didn't like vegetables or fruit．They preferred to eat food with a lot of salt，sugar，and fat．Parents today also worry about their children's diet．Some doctors give the following advice：Teenagers shouldn't eat too much junk food．Teenagers shouldn't eat food with too much salt．Salt can cause high blood pressure（高血压）in the future．Teenagers should eat food with less fat，oil，and sugar．Teenagers need to eat some fruit and vegetables every day．Fruit and vegetables are rich in vitamins and have little fat．Teenagers need to drink milk every day．Milk will help their bones（骨骼）grow．Teenagers need to eat breakfast every day．It's good for their bodies and minds．41．According to the passage，in the survey of 2000 students，how many of them didn't have a healthy diet?A．Less than 1300． B．More than 1300． C．200．D．All of them．42．What does the underlined word “beyo n d” mean in Chinese in this passage?A．超出B．不如C．相等D．与……一起43．According to this passage，which of the following is NOT true?A．Some teenagers don't have breakfast before they go to school．B．Eating too much salt can cause high blood pressure．C．The main reason why many teenagers are overweight is that they don't take exercise．D．Children should eat more fruit and drink more milk．44．How many pieces of advice do the doctors give in this passage?A．4 B．5 C．6 D．745．The best title for this passage is ________．A．Bad habits B．Advice on healthy dietsC．Unhealthy food D．Junk food任务型阅读：（C）Broken beautyA water bearer（运水工）in India had two large pots（46）One pot had a crack （裂缝）and the other was perfect．One always came home half empty and the other was full．For two years this went on．The water bearer carried one and one--half pots full of water to his master's（主人）house．The poor cracked pot was ashamed of（羞愧）itself．One day it spoke to the bearer by the stream（小河）．“I a m ashamed of myself，and I want to apologize．”“Why?” asked the beater．“What a re you ashamed of?”“I have been able to hold only hal f．（47）Because of my crack，you have to do all this work，and you don't get full value（价值）for your efforts（努力），”said the pot．The bearer felt sorry and said：“As we retu rn to the master's house，I want you to notice（注意）the beautiful flowers along tile road．”As they went up the hill，the cracked pot took notice of the beautiful wild flowers and this comforted it some．The bearer said：“Did you notice that there w ere flowers only on your side，but not on the other pot’s side? I planted flower seeds（种子）on your side，and every day while we walk back from the stream，you have watered them．For two years I have been able to pick those beautiful flowers to decorate（装饰）my master's table．”We are all cracked pots．But we shouldn't be ashamed，because we can be the cause （根源）of beauty．Know that in our weakness，we can find our strength（优势）．根据短文内容，完成下面的任务：任务一将文中划线的两个句子翻译成汉语46．One pot had a crack（裂缝）and the other was perfect．47．Because of my crack，you have to do all this work，and you don’t get full value （价值）for your efforts．任务二回答下列问题：48．Why would there be wild flowers on the way?49．What were the flowers used for?50．What can we learn from the story?（D）An old couple（夫妇）in some very old clothes walked into the university president's office without an appointment．“We had a son that attended Harvard for one year．He loved Harvard．He was happy here．About a year ago，he died in an accident．（53）My husband and I would like to build a memorial（纪念物）for him somewhere in your university．”The president was surprised．“Madam，” he said，“we can't put up a statue for every Hazard student who died．If we did，this place would look like a cemetery （墓地）．” “Oh，no，” the lady explained quickly，“we don't want to put up a statue．We would like to give a building to Harvard．”The president looked at their old clothes and said，“A building? Do you know how much a building costs? We have over seven and a half million dollars at Hazard．”The lady was silent for a moment．The president felt happy．He thought that they would leave．Then the lady turned to her husband and said quietly，“Is that all it costs to start a university? （54）Why don't we just start our own?” Her husband agreed．Then Mr. and Mrs. Leland Stanford walked away．They went to Palo Alto，California．There they built Stanford University，in memory of their son that Harvard no longer cared about．任务一：根据短文内容，回答下列问题。

《写好精彩作文开头与结尾的方法》教案兴业县北市镇第一初级中学覃光超一、教学目标通过学习，让同学们掌握写文章开头与结尾的几种方法，并能在一定程度上灵活运用。

二、教时安排一课时三、教学过程（一）导入新课同学们期中考试刚结束，在期中考试中你们写的作文都得高分了吗？想不想把作文写得精彩一点? 想不想明年中考拿满分作文？（二）讲授新课考察古今中外的文章，其基本结构以三段为主，即：开头、中间、结尾。

“凤头”：小巧玲珑，短小精美；“猪肚”：内容丰富、充实、容量大；“豹尾”：干脆利索、响亮有力。

古人将文章的开头比作“凤头”，意在强调开篇之重要，特别是阅卷时间非常有限的考场作文，若能有一个别出心裁，让人耳目一新的开头，一定会让你的文章增彩不少，必将在众多作文中脱颖而出，博得阅卷老师的“欢心”，印象分自然不低了。

所谓“凤头赢得百媚生”说的便是这个理。

1、作文开头的方法（1）、开门见山法即开篇点题，不多加修饰，给人以干净、明快、一气呵出之感。

如：一谈到读书，我的话就多了！——冰心《忆读书》盼望着，盼望着，东风来了，春天的脚步近了。

——朱自清《春》白杨树实在是不平凡的，我赞美白杨树。

——茅盾《白杨礼赞》(2)、环境描写法如：教室外，呼啸着的北风挟着密集的雨点扑打在墙上，“嚓、嚓”地响，教室内，一场全能竞赛考试进行到了白热化的阶段。

（选自安徽省中考满分作文——《考试》）(3)、联想回忆法如：得到母亲去世的消息，我很悲痛。

我爱我的母亲，特别是她勤劳一生，很多事情是值得我永远回忆的。

——朱德《回忆我的母亲》(4)、引用经典法名人名言开头著名科学家爱迪生说：“自信是成功的第一秘诀。

”是的，拥有自信，不断努力，就能获得成功。

（选自河南中考满分作文《拥有自信方能成功》）声音开头“请把我的歌，带回你的家，请把你的微笑留下……”每当耳边响起这熟悉的旋律，自己就像遇见了多年不见的老朋友一样，感觉格外亲切。

（选自甘肃省中考满分作文《歌声与笑》）2、作文开头常见的毛病：(1)．拐弯抹角离题千里。

话题作文：岁月如歌——我的初中生活一、作文教学目标：1．总结初中以来的学习、生活的得失，为投入中考温习和尔后更高一段的学习鼓劲。

2．读写结合，让学生在读文赏文评文上获取写作的技术与体会，提高写作能力。

3、让学生通过习作，学会用平和的心态面对生活，正视生活中的苦与乐，学会享受生活。

二、学情教况分析：一、面对紧张的初三生活，很多学生感到一种学习生活的“苦”，但关于初中生活并无真正用心去感受，停留于人支亦云的层面；二、学生课外文字交流很棒，但写起作文总感觉有难度，爱好不浓；3、教师平常不注重作文教学，乃至没有认真投入上过一节作文课；4、教师只要求学生写作，而不适应于写下水文，与学生没有真正沟通交流。

三、教学假想：一、借助话题作文“我的初中生活”，引导总结初中以来的学习、生活的得失，为投入中考温习和尔后更高一段的学习鼓劲，正视生活中的苦与乐，学会享受生活。

二、教师再现自己初中时期的生活，让学生评判，在进程中自然渗透对写作的知识与技术的形成教学，让学生产生交流与表达的欲望。

四、教学流程：（一）、课前交流：今天呢，教师是第一次来到大伙儿眼前，相信大伙儿都有自己的好奇心，因此老师要给大伙儿三次机遇给给老师提问题，请抓住机遇，开始……（二）、导入课题：其实呀,李老师今天来到大伙儿跟前主若是想和大伙儿聊聊咱们的初中生活,因此我第一来问一句：你们的初中生活还好吗?.......一个个来讲,谁先来讲说(作业很多,学习压力专门大;包括了酸甜苦辣各类滋味……)若是在以大伙儿的初中生活高话题来写作文,大伙儿感觉难不难?(难)难在哪?请坦诚地告知老师(不明白从何写起;三年时刻,太长了,写不完;太出色了,来不及抓住就溜走了…….（三）、评点教师作文一、教师读下水文：感激同窗们向老师放开了心扉,说出了自己的难处,其实呀,老师也是从初中生活走来的,我时常回忆起我那段日子,不明白大伙儿愿不肯意分享一下,希望大伙儿能通过了解老师的初中生活来启发启发自己。

落叶授课内容落叶主备人授课时间教学目标1、知识与能力：掌握哲理性散文特点，品味散文优美丰富的语言。

2、过程与方法：抓住关键语句，深入理解作品的丰富内涵。

3、情感、态度与价值观：领悟赞叹生命的奇迹，讴歌生命的力量，哀怜生命遭遇的不幸，唤起我们对人生的感悟。

教学重点1、掌握哲理性散文特点。

2、深入理解作品的丰富内涵。

教学难点培养正确的思想、健康的情感和审美观念。

教学方法自主合作探究、讨论法教学准备多媒体、幻灯片三教学过程二次备课一、导入新课欢乐地生长着的法桐树叶，深秋却要寂寂地凋落，这引起了当代作家贾平凹的感慨与思索。

今天，我们来学习课文《落叶》，仔细体味作者由落叶引发的生命感悟。

二、学生朗读课文，整体感知课文内容，初步把握文章的中心思想。

1、学生有感情地朗读课文。

2、小组朗读课文。

可挑选朗读课文优秀的同学范读课文。

3、集体朗读课文。

4、师生整体感知课文内容。

明确：这篇短文以桐叶作为抒写对象，描写了桐叶由繁盛到凋落再到繁盛的过程，伴随着这一过程，作者的思想感情也经历了由喜爱到哀叹再到敬仰的变化，并悟出了生命哲理：欢乐到来，欢乐又归去，这正是天地间欢乐的内容；世间万物，正是寻求着这个内容，而各自完成着它的存在。

三、作者简介贾平凹，原名贾平娃，1952年生，陕西丹凤人。

1967年初中毕业后在家务农。

1972年被推荐到西北大学中文系学习。

1978年以《满月儿》获全国优秀短篇小说奖。

1992年创办大散文刊物《美文》，提出“大散文”观念。

主要著作有长篇小说《商州》《浮躁》《废都》《高老庄》等，小说集《山地笔记》《腊月？正月》《天狗》等，散文集《月迹》《爱贾平凹，著有小说集《兵娃》、《山地笔记》、《野火集》。

的踪迹》《心迹》等。

四、课文研讨（出示幻灯片，学生小组合作学习）1、第一段中，作者是从哪三个方面描写桐叶的？明确：是从色彩（颜色）、姿态和神韵三个方面来描写桐叶的。

2、第二段中“我甚至十分忌妒那住在枝间的鸟夫妻”，你能说说为什么吗？明确：因为住在法桐树上，更能感受到绿的欢乐，融入树的温柔与美好中。

初中九年级下册语文教案教案初中九年级下册语文教案一、引言1.1 课程背景1.1.1 介绍初中九年级下册语文课程的地位和作用1.1.2 阐述本课程对学生语文素养提升的重要性1.1.3 分析本课程与前后课程的联系与区别1.2 教学目标1.2.1 明确本课程的知识与技能目标1.2.2 确定本课程的过程与方法目标1.2.3 强调本课程的情感态度与价值观目标1.3 教学方法1.3.1 采用讲授法、讨论法、练习法等多种教学方法 1.3.2 结合多媒体教学手段，提高教学效果1.3.3 注重启发式教学，培养学生的思维能力二、知识点讲解2.1 文学常识2.1.1 介绍作家作品、文学流派等基本知识2.1.2 分析文学作品的创作背景及艺术特点2.1.3 引导学生了解文学发展的历史脉络2.1.4 培养学生对文学作品的鉴赏能力2.2 语法知识2.2.1 讲解词性、句子成分、复句类型等基本语法知识2.2.2 分析语法错误的类型及修改方法2.2.3 结合实例，讲解语法知识在实际写作中的应用 2.2.4 培养学生正确使用语言文字的能力2.3 写作技巧2.3.1 讲解记叙文、议论文、说明文等文体的写作技巧 2.3.2 分析优秀作文的特点及写作方法2.3.3 引导学生进行写作实践，提高写作能力2.3.4 培养学生的创新思维和表达能力三、教学内容3.1 古诗文鉴赏3.1.1 选取具有代表性的古诗文进行讲解3.1.2 分析古诗文的意境、情感及艺术手法3.1.3 引导学生进行古诗文鉴赏，提高审美能力3.1.4 培养学生对传统文化的热爱和传承3.2 现代文阅读3.2.1 选取优秀的现代文作品进行讲解3.2.2 分析现代文的主题、人物、情节等要素3.2.3 引导学生进行现代文阅读，提高阅读理解能力 3.2.4 培养学生对现实生活的关注和思考3.3 作文训练3.3.1 设计不同主题和文体的作文题目3.3.2 讲解作文构思、立意、选材等写作方法3.3.3 引导学生进行作文实践，提高写作能力3.3.4 培养学生的创新思维和表达能力四、教学目标4.1 知识与技能目标4.1.1 掌握文学常识、语法知识、写作技巧等基本知识4.1.2 提高古诗文鉴赏、现代文阅读、作文训练等实践能力4.1.3 培养学生的语言表达、思维创新、审美鉴赏等综合素质4.2 过程与方法目标4.2.1 通过讲授、讨论、练习等多种教学方法，提高教学效果4.2.2 结合多媒体教学手段，丰富教学内容，激发学生学习兴趣4.2.3 注重启发式教学，培养学生的思维能力，提高学生自主学习能力4.3 情感态度与价值观目标4.3.1 培养学生对文学、语言、文化的热爱和尊重4.3.2 培养学生积极向上的人生态度和价值观4.3.3 培养学生的社会责任感和历史使命感五、教学难点与重点5.1 教学难点5.1.1 文学作品的深入理解和鉴赏5.1.2 语法知识的系统掌握和灵活运用5.1.3 写作技巧的熟练掌握和创新能力培养5.2 教学重点5.2.1 古诗文鉴赏的方法和技巧5.2.2 现代文阅读的理解和分析能力5.2.3 作文训练的构思和表达能力六、教具与学具准备6.1 教具准备6.1.1 多媒体设备：用于展示课件、播放音频、视频等教学资源6.1.3 教学模型或实物：用于直观展示教学内容，增强学生的感性认识6.1.4 教学挂图或海报：用于辅助讲解，提供视觉辅助6.2 学具准备6.2.1 课本和教材：学生必备的学习资料6.2.2 笔记本和文具：用于记录课堂笔记和完成练习6.2.3 预习资料：提前发放的预习材料，帮助学生提前了解课程内容6.2.4 小组讨论材料：用于小组活动，促进学生间的互动与合作6.3 特殊准备6.3.1 对于特殊教学内容，准备相应的教具或学具，如科学实验器材、艺术创作工具等6.3.2 对于有特殊需求的学生，准备相应的辅助工具，如放大镜、助听器等6.3.3 准备紧急医疗包，以应对课堂上的突发状况6.3.4 确保教室环境的安全和舒适，如适当的照明、温度和通风七、教学过程7.1 导入新课7.1.1 通过复习旧知识，为新课内容做铺垫7.1.2 利用多媒体展示相关图片、视频等，激发学生的学习兴趣7.1.3 提出问题，引导学生思考，自然过渡到新课内容7.1.4 通过故事、案例等引入新课主题，增强学生的代入感7.2 课堂讲解与互动7.2.1 讲解新课内容，注重逻辑性和条理性7.2.2 结合实例，讲解知识点，帮助学生理解和记忆7.2.3 提问和回答环节，检验学生的学习效果，解决学生的疑问7.2.4 设计小组讨论或角色扮演等活动，促进学生积极参与7.2.5 利用多媒体辅助教学，提高课堂趣味性和互动性7.3.1 回顾本节课的主要内容，强调重点和难点7.3.2 布置课后作业，巩固学生的学习成果7.3.3 提醒学生下节课的内容和预习要求7.3.4 鼓励学生在课后进行复习和自主学习八、板书设计8.1 板书内容8.1.1 本节课的主要知识点，以提纲形式呈现8.1.2 重要概念、公式、图表等，以清晰、规范的方式展示8.1.3 课堂例题或案例分析，展示解题过程和方法8.1.4 学生提问或错误解答，用于讨论和纠正8.2 板书布局8.2.1 左侧用于展示课程和教学目标8.2.2 中间部分用于展示教学内容和过程8.2.4 留有空白区域，用于临时添加内容或学生的参与8.3 板书风格8.3.1 字体大小适中，清晰易读8.3.2 使用不同颜色粉笔，突出重点和区分不同内容8.3.3 简洁明了，避免过多文字，注重图表和关键词的使用8.3.4 保持板书的整洁和有序，便于学生跟随和记录九、作业设计9.1 作业类型9.1.1 课后练习题，用于巩固课堂所学知识9.1.2 阅读材料，扩大学生的知识面和阅读量9.1.3 小论文或研究报告，培养学生的研究和写作能力9.1.4 创意作业，如制作海报、编写剧本等，激发学生的创造力9.2 作业难度9.2.1 根据学生的学习水平和课程要求，设计不同难度的作业9.2.2 基础题，用于巩固基本知识和技能9.2.3 提高题，用于挑战学生的思维和能力9.2.4 个性化作业，根据学生的兴趣重点和难点解析1. 教学内容的设计：教学内容是教案的核心部分，需要根据学生的实际情况和教学目标进行精心设计。

“凤头”精巧“尾音”绕梁-----文章开头和结尾写作指导（简案）教学目标：1、明确写好作文开头和结尾的重要性。

2、掌握常见的开头与结尾的写作方法。

教学过程：导入元代乔梦符提出作文的“六字诀”：“凤头”“猪肚”“豹尾”。

开头要像“凤头”，漂亮、俊秀；体干要像“猪肚”，饱满、充实；结尾要像“豹尾”，飞扬、有力。

写文章要特别注重开篇和结尾之处，如果开篇便石破天惊，则全文就如高崖泻水；如果结尾就像撞钟，则收束就会清音有余。

可见文章的开头和结尾很重要。

俗话说：“织衣织裤，贵在开头；编筐编篓，重在收口。

”今天老师和同学们一道去为自己的文章设计一个精巧美丽的“凤头”和余音绕梁的“豹尾”吧！二、回顾文本探寻技法1、积累好文章开头的总体要求：“简”“新”“美”2、检查学案（一）的完成情况，并总结文章开头的常见写法。

开门见山直扣中心如《海燕》《背影》等巧用修辞美不胜收如《土地的誓言》等拟小标题揭示主旨如《邓稼先》等借用书信平中见奇如《就英法……》等佳句点染起点高远如《闻一多》等悬念设疑吸引读者如《羚羊木雕》等三、巩固练习提高能力修改自己半期考试作文的开头，试与原文比较看有什么不同，并说说你用了学到的哪些方法。

四、检查学案（二）的完成情况，适当补充相关篇目并理解这样结尾的好处。

明确文章常见的结尾方式：（一）照应式（二）总结式（三）启迪式（四）情景式（五）谈心式（六）修辞式五、文章结尾要注意的问题切忌：画蛇添足拖泥带水无病呻吟六、练习巩固：读结尾，拟题目七、小结俗话说“小曲好唱口难开”，要写好作文开头和结尾并不是一件很容易的事，它既需要我们用心灵去感受生活，也需要我们学习、积累写作知识，更需要我们有开拓创新、敢为人先的精神。

庄子曰“吾生也有涯，而知也无涯。

”知识是无穷无尽的大海，写作是大海里的一朵浪花，只有全身心投入到知识的海洋里，不怕风浪，敢到海底探宝，才能撷取写作领域里那朵最美的浪花。

八、布置作业：见《学案》（三）（四）。

中考作文开头、结尾技巧初三年级作文备课组【训练新目标】1、学习掌握中考作文常用的开头、结尾技巧；2、指导学生学以致用，根据行文需要将不同的开头、结尾技巧应用到写作中。

【导写零距离】一、追求入题美（一）好的开头的特点：迅疾、优美、引起下文。

（二）开头技巧1.形象设喻，灵动深刻用一个或一组比喻句，表达自己对写作话题的感受和思考。

这种入题开篇方式有利于展现作者的不凡文采和新妙思想。

例如：（1）长大的感觉像咖啡，有苦，也有甜；长大的感觉像一支歌，有的高亢激越，有的低沉舒缓；长大的感觉像一片海，有狂涛巨浪，也有风平浪静。

（2）妈妈说，牛奶安神。

爸爸说，咖啡提神。

我说，妈妈是牛奶，爸爸是咖啡，我爱咖啡，也爱牛奶。

2.诗意排比，情意充足用一组与文章主旨相关联的、充满诗情画意的文字构成排比。

这种入题开篇方式，或者气质如兰，或者气势如澜。

例如：（1）我爱忆旧。

泛着童趣的清幽的小溪，载着憧憬的淡淡的新月，托着纯真的旋转的木马，都成了我记忆中的珍品。

（2）李清照的婉约细腻让我痴迷，辛弃疾的慷慨悲壮让我慨叹，李白的豪放飘逸使我神往。

读书，真让我领略了人性的异彩纷呈……3.设置悬念，扣人心弦设置悬念，可以用费解的现象启人思考，可以用突兀的情节使人吃惊，可以用鲜明的反差令人困惑。

这样便“抓住”了读者的眼睛，激发了读者的兴趣，例如：（1）“亲爱的同学们，让我们……”应该没问题了，加上这一遍，我已经在台下把这演讲稿背了九遍了。

（2）国庆节到了，室友们都为回家而忙得不亦乐乎，但我并不愿意回家。

4.创设情境，引人入胜抓住事件片段动情描写，使之具有动人心神的力量；或者抓住景物环境动情渲染，使之具有特别动人的魅力。

这样的开篇入题方式，有意境，有氛围，可谓未成曲调先有情。

例如：（1）“外婆，你去哪儿啦？你在哪里啊？你为什么要离我而去？”我独自一人站在外婆的坟墓前，伤心的泪水流淌不止。

抬头望着深蓝的天空，我仿佛又看到了外婆，看到了她斑白的头发，看到了她深深的皱纹，看到了她那双和蔼慈祥的眼睛……(2)又飘雨了，窗外雨雾迷茫。

初三语文写作开头结尾写法示例与实战技巧Writing Techniques and Examples for the Introduction and Conclusionof Grade 9 Chinese Language CompositionsIntroduction:The introduction is the crucial opening of any composition. It should capture the reader's attention, provide essential background information, and clearly state the purpose and main points of the composition. To achieve these goals, various techniques can be employed.One effective technique is to begin with a thought-provoking question. For example, "Have you ever wondered how a single word could shape the destiny of nations?" This immediately engages the reader and creates curiosity, prompting them to continue reading.Another way to start an introduction is by using a striking statistic or fact. For instance, "In today's digital age, the average person reads the equivalent of 100 books worth of information every day." This shocking statistic highlights the importance of effective writing and sets the stage for further discussion.Additionally, incorporating an anecdote or personal story can establish a connection with the reader. By sharing a relatable experience or vividly describing a significant event, the writer can emotionally engage the audience. This approach helps create a sense of empathy and interest in the composition.Middle Section:The middle section of a composition is where the main ideas and arguments are developed. It should be well-organized and coherent, allowing for a smooth flow of information. While structuring the composition, consider the use of paragraphs to separate different points or ideas. Each paragraph should start with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea of the paragraph. Supporting evidence and examples should then be provided, followed by a clear link to the next point.To enhance the readability of the composition, transitions and logical connectors can be employed. These include words and phrases like "however," "on the other hand," and "as a result." Such transitions help create a logical progression between ideas, making it easier for the reader to follow along.Furthermore, incorporating varied sentence structures and vocabulary enriches the composition. Utilize descriptive language and figurative expressions to paint a vivid picture in the reader's mind. However, be mindful of not overusing complex sentences or obscure vocabulary, as the primary goal is to effectively convey ideas rather than showcase linguistic abilities.Conclusion:The conclusion of a composition serves as a summary of the main points discussed while leaving a lasting impression on the reader. A well-crafted conclusion often mirrors the introduction, providing a sense of closure and reinforcing the central ideas.One effective technique for the conclusion is to restate the thesis statement or main argument. However, avoid simply copying and pasting thesame words from the introduction. Instead, rephrase and reinforce the main points in a concise manner. For example, if the thesis statement is "Effective communication is the key to successful relationships," a possible restatement could be "In conclusion, fostering effective communication is vital for building and maintaining meaningful connections."Another technique to consider is concluding with a thought-provoking question or a call to action. This encourages the reader to reflect on the topic or consider taking steps towards change. By prompting further contemplation, the conclusion resonates with the audience, making a lasting impact.In summary, the introduction sets the stage for the composition by engaging the reader's attention, while the middle section develops the main ideas in an organized and coherent manner. Finally, the conclusion wraps up the composition by summarizing the key points and leaving a lasting impression. By employing various writing techniques, such as thought-provoking questions, striking statistics, personal anecdotes, transitions, and restating the thesis statement, a composition can captivate readers and effectively convey the intended message.。