语言学概论试卷4
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语言学概论试卷4
一、在下列每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将其字母标号填入括号内。
1. A ____study is concerned with the historical development
of a language over a period of time.
A. syntagmatic
B. paradigmatic
C. synchronic
D. diachronic
2.The distinctive features which can only have an effect on
one sound segment are called _______features. ( )
3. A. design B. distinct C. segmental D. suprasegmental
4.According to the presence or absence of_____ vibration, the
English consonants can be classified into two groups: voiceless
consonants and voiced consonants. ( )
5. A. mouth B. dental C. palatal D. vocal cord
6.The science that examines word formation and the internal
structure of words is______ . ( )
7. A. syntax B. pragmatics C. morphology D. phonology
8.Which one is NOT a superasegmental feature of English
language? ( )
A.stress
B. pitch
C. tone
D. juncture
9.If two or more sounds never appear in the same
environment, and the substitution of one sound for another do
not bring about a change in meaning, they are said to
be in ______distribution.( ) 10.A. parallel B. free C. complementary D. contrastive
7. The ____ relation shows us the inner layering of sentences.
( )
A. sequential
B. syntactic
C. hierarchical
D. discourse
8.Each branching point in a phrase marker is called a (n)_____.
( )
A. subject
B. object
C. node
D. phrase
9.When a pair of words are opposite in meaning, they
are_____. ( )
A. antonyms
B. hyponyms
C. synonyms
D. homographs
10.Which of the following holds that linguistic theory should
go beyond the mere description of linguistic structure to explain
the functions fulfilled by linguistic forms?
( )
A. The Prague School
B. The London School
C. the American structuralists
D. The psycholinguists
二、填空题。(每小题 1 分，共 10 分)
11. The study of speech sounds of all human languages is .
12.According to Chomsky, is “the speaker –hearer’s knowledge of his language”.
/doc/a58600585.html,nguage involves
the way in which speech comes to thoughts.
14. A relation is a relation between a linguistic element in an
utterance and linguistic elements outside that utterance, but
belonging to the same sub-system
of the language.
15.According to the position of the velum, consonants are
divided into oral consonants and consonants.
16. The words that sound different but have the same or
nearly the same meaning are called .
17. The basic difference between pragmatics and traditional
semantics is that pragmatics considers meaning in context while
traditional semantics studies meaning in
from the context of use.
18. There are two types of reference, exophora and .
19. The meaning of pairs of antonyms is characterized by
relativity.
20. The approaches of second language acquisition lay an
emphasis on the importance of the inner world of an individual
and put the individual’s thoughts,
feelings and emotions at the first place in all human
development.
三、判断改错题。(每小题 2 分，共 10 分)如错误，请标明错误之处，并修改。
21.In theory, the length of a sentence is limited.
22.The meaning of a sentence is much more than the sum of
the meaning of the individual words in a sentence.
23.The verbs in verb phrase are called main verbs; the other
verbs are small verbs. 24.An English word and a Chinese equivalent may have the
same denotative meaning but different connotations.
25.The surface structure of a sentence is abstract.
四、翻译题。(每小题2 分，共30 分) 请给出下列术语的英/汉语翻译
26 Competence 27 Connotative meaning 28 deletion rules
29directives 30emotive meaning 31formal instructions
32Discourse analysis 33Geographic dialect 34illocutionalry
act 35ideational function 36正迁移
37关联准则38语义场
39二语习得40沃尔夫假说
五、用英语简要回答下列问题。(每小题 4 分，共 20 分)
41 What is sociolinguistics ?42 What is lingua franca ?43
What is language acquisition generally referred to?
44 Explain the Critical Period Hypothesis.45 What is the
behaviorist view of language?
六、论述题(每小题10 分，共20 分) 。请用英语回答下列问题，每题答案不少于120词。
46 How do you understand both the formalist and functional
approach to language acquisition?
47 Ｗhat are the potential changes that may be brought
about by the adoption of the communicative approach in
language instruction?
一、在下列每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将其字母标号填入括号内。
1.D
2.C
3.D
4.C
5.B
