2017届上海市徐汇区高三4月模拟(二模)英语试题(解析版)

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Culture can affect not just language and customs, but also how people experience the world on surprisingly basic levels.Researchers, with the help of brain scans, have uncovered shockingdifferences in perception(感知) between Westerners and Asians, whatthey see when they look at a city street, for example, or even how theyperceive a simple line in a square, according to findings published in aleading science journal.In western countries, culture makes people think of themselves ashighly independent entities (实体). When looking at scenes, Westernerstend to focus more on central objects than on their surroundings. EastAsian cultures, however, emphasize inter-dependence. When Easterners look at a scene, they tend to focus on surroundings as well as the object.Using an experiment involving two tasks, Dr Hedden asked subjects to look at a line simply to estimate its length, a task that is played to American strengths. In another, they estimated the line’s length relative to the size of a square, an easier task for the Asians.The level of brain activity, by tracking blood flow, was then measured by Brain Scanners. The experiment found that although there was no difference in performance, and the tasks were very ea sy, the levels of activity in the subjects’ brains were different. For the Americans, areas linked to attention lit up more, when they worked on the task they tended to find more difficult -- estimating the line’s size relative to the square. For the Asian s, the attention areas lit up more during the harder task also -- estimating the line’s length without comparing it to the square. The findings are a reflection of more than ten years of previous experimental research into east-west differences.In one study, for instance, researchers offered people a choice among five pens; four red andone green. Easterners were more likely to choose a red pen while Westerners were more likely to choose the green one.Culture is not affecting how you see the world, but how you choose to understand and internalize (使内化) it. But such habits can be changed. Some psychological studies suggest that when an Easterner goes to the West or vice versa, habits of thought and perception also begin to change. Such research gives us clues on how our brain works and is hopeful for us to develop programs to improve our memory, memory techniques and enhance and accelerate our learning skills.63. According to the passage, Chinese people are most likely to _____.A. more emphasize independent thinkingB. always focus more on their surroundingsC. focus more on the context as well as the objectD. think of Westerners as highly independent entities64. We know from the passage that people’s brains will be more active when _____.A. the task is much easierB. the blood flow is trackedC. people begin to choose colorsD. the task is more difficult65. What do the findings of the experiments mentioned in the passage indicate?A. They indicate that culture has a great impact on the way people talk and behave.B. They show that Easterners and Westerners have great differences in perceiving the world.C. They suggest that people’s habits of thought and perception can be changed in differentcultures.D. They make it clear that Easterners and Westerners lay emphasis on different things.66. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.A. Easterners prefer collectivism to individualismB. East Asian cultures lay more emphasis on independenceC. It took over ten years to find out how to improve our brainpowerD. Americans will change their habits of perception when they’re in BritainDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)Naquela Wright’s life took an unexpected turn when she lost her eyesight as a teenager, but even when her world became dark, the New Jersey resident didn’t want to quit social media.Using Facebook was a challenge at first. Diagnosed in 2010 with pseudotumor cerebri, a rare health condition in which pressure increases around the brain and can result in the loss of vision, Wright learned how to use a screen reader to read the site through the touch of the keyboard and sound of a robotic voice. Still, when a friend sends her a photo, Wright often has no clue what the image shows.Now Facebook is trying to solve this problem by exploiting the power of artificial intelligence to create new tools that not only describe items in a photo but allows users to ask what’s in an image.“I can have a basic picture in my mind of what’s going on in the picture and now I can comment on my own,” said Wright, who got to try out the new tools that are still being tested. “Of course, it’s different, but it’s something more than I had.”An estimated 285 million people are visually disabled globally, according to the World Health Organization, and research conducted by Facebook showed that blind users have trouble figuring out what’s in a photo because the description isn’t clear or doesn’t exist.Facebook has made it easier to skim through the content on its website with a screen reader by improving HTML headings, adding alternative text for images, launching keyboard shortcuts, and more. Using artificial intelligence to describe photos is only a part of these ongoing efforts.W ith 1.5 billion users, Facebook isn’t the only social media company that wants to improve its website for the visually disabled. Along with Facebook and other major tech firms, Twitter and LinkedIn have their own accessibility teams and belong to an initia tive called “Teaching Accessibility”.Jeff Wieland, Facebook’s head of accessibility engineering, said the group wants to educate more engineers, especially early in college, about designing products that are compatible with the disabled and others. “We really don’t want accessibility to be the luxury of a handful of companies,” Wieland said. “We want everything around the world to be built with accessibility in63. What tool helps the visually disabled to read Facebook?A. A screen reader.B. A special keyboard.C. A helpful robot.D. HTML headings.64. What can be inferred from the passage about the new tool created by Facebook?A. It adds a lot of shortcuts on the keyboard.B. It helps users to employ their senses other than sight.C. It meets no competitors with its advanced technology.D. It inspires more engineers to explore artificial intelligence.65. The underlined phrase in the last paragraph “are compatible with” most probably means __________.A. are unaffordable toB. bring harm toC. keep company ofD. well suit66. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. Screen reader: tool to access social mediaB. Ongoing efforts: strength to improve websitesC. Artificial intelligence: power to help the blindD. Teaching accessibility: initiative to educate engineersSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)On the occasional clear-frost autumn night, I was hiking through the dark forest with my GMO wolf. Yes, my best friend is a genetically modified organism（转基因生物）; deliberate selection has produced the blunt-toothed, small-pawed wonder that walks by my side.Our world is changing rapidly. In the last five decades, global population has fully doubled, with 3.7 billion hungry mouths added to our planet. During this same time span, the amount of land suitable for agriculture has increased by only 5%. Miraculously, this did not result in the great global famine（饥荒）one might have predicted.How do scientists modify a plant so that it makes more food than its parents did? We could treat each harvest like a litter of wolf pups and select only plants bearing the fattest, richest seeds for the next season. This was the method our ancestors used to engineer rice, corn and wheat from the wild grasses they encountered.During my childhood, advances in genetic technologies allowed scientists to identify and clone the genes responsible for repressing stem growth, leading to shorter, stronger stalks that could bear more seed—the high-yield crops that feed us today. The 21st century has brought with it a marvelous new set of high-tech tools with which to further quicken the process of artificial selection. Plant geneticists can now directly edit out or edit in sections of DNA using molecular scissors. We can minimize a plant’s weaknesses while adding to its strengths, and we don’t have to wait for seasons to pass to test the result.It is the transformative potential of these techniques to quickly supply the next-generation crops required for upcoming climate change that has led me to believe in the safety and function of GMO plants in agricultural products. We need more GMO research to feed the world that we are creating.I love the quiet forest that stands between my lab and my home. But I know that as a scientist, I am responsible first to humanity. We must feed, shelter and nurture one another as our first priority, and to do so, we must take advantage of our best technologies, which have always included some type of genetic modification. We must continue as before, nourishing the future as we feed ourselves, and each year plant only the very best of what we have collectively engineered.I keep the faith of my ancestors each night when I walk through the forest to my lab, and my GMO wolf does the same when she guards my way home.63. Why does the author mention the wolf in the 1st paragraph?A. To advise people to keep wolves as petsB. To persuade readers to welcome the new technologyC. To change people’s attitude towards wolvesD. To introduce a technology used to humans’ advantage64. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. GMO technology will help weatherproof future crops.B. With GMO technology, famine has been eliminated.C. Artificial selections make high-yield plants possible.D. The author believes technology should contribute to future generations.65. What can be learned about modifying a plant?A. It takes scientists seasons to know whether their selection is correct.B. One way for ancestors to change a plant was to clone some genes.C. Modern techniques help speed up the artificial selection by altering DNA.D. The general public show strong faith in GMO plants.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. GMO Technology—Turning Wolves into the Best PetsB. Engineered Food—Feeding Future GenerationsC. Engineered Food—To Be or Not To BeD. GMO Technology—A Driving Force in World PeaceSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.（C）Since quitting can start feelings such as guilt and shame, we often do everything possible to avoid it. “We’re taught from our earli e st days that if you quit something. It means you’re a failure,”says counseling psychologist Will Meek. He, how ever, suggests we view quitting differently.Quitting is like deciding to rearrange a room: you’ve grown comfortable with the status, and it can be hard to picture the end result or even see why change is necessary. And yet, there’s the upsetting feeling that you’re no longer entirely satisfied with your current circumstances, perhaps even that you’ve stopped making progress. While it’s not out of the question for feeling or regret to surface after a major refit, leaving a position, project or situation can reveal exciting possibilities, making you feel inspired and renewed.Quitting, often happens in situations where we’re unhappy, fearful or have determined we have no other choice, factors that can have opposing effects on our health. Perhaps you find yourwork unfulfilling, or you’ve jumped into a new relationship before you’re ready —and, as a result, you’re operating under intense pressure.“If stress is enduring and not managed well, it can start to take a toll.”says Meek. According to the American Psychological Association, long-term, ongoing stress can increase the risk for high blood pressure and heart attack, so walking away from whatever is causing it can deliver significant physical and emotional health be nefits.“We often see a reduction in the stress hormone cortisol（应激激素皮质醇）, which can lower blood pressure and may even decrease the heart rate,”says Dr Alex Lickerman, a GP and expert on developing mental adaptability.Leaving situations that fail to bring you joy can leave you with sufficient time to explore where your heart is truly leading you. In a study that was published in 1999, then Harvard University professor Hermina Ibarra looked at how bankers tried different roles that required new skill sets—someone who spent a lot of time dealing with computers, for instance, was asked to take on personal interactions. Subjects were especially drawn to acting out a version of their future solves through ‘imitation strategies’—an approach they compared to ‘trying on different clothes,’ Mark Franklin, the president of CareerCyles, suggests a similar approach as a way to figure out what your true desires might be in your post-quitting life and foresee your future self.“Pretend to be a certain kind of person, or go and meet others who are doing what you want to do.”he says,“Try it on, see how it feels and decide if it’s a good fit for you.”It may not feel like it at the time, but just moving on from a situation that’s not quite right can help you g et back on track.63. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that quitting may bring us feelings of being both _______.A. guilty and ashamedB. stupid and enthusiasticC. troubled and hopefulD. inspired and determined64. The phrase“take a toll”（paragraph 3）can be best replaced by“_________”.A. develop mental adaptabilityB. bring about changesC. keep up the pressureD. have a bad effect65. An approach suggested by Mark Franklin similar to ‘trying on different clothes’ is for ___________.A. helping people find what truly suits them in careerB. telling capable employees from inadequate onesC. training employees to acquire different working skillsD. providing people with opportunities to have a role play66. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.A. quitting is track that only the timid will choose to followB. personal interaction can be must for reducing emotional pressureC. mental adaptability can be improved by the stress hormone cortisolD. knowing when to stop is wise and may make dreams happenSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.CIt could be said that the age of adventure peaked with Sir Everest Shackletonthe moment his ship, the Endurance, become hopelessly locked in ice on its wayto Antarctica in January 1915. For ten months the 28 men aboard Shackleton’sship waited and prayed for ice to break. When it finally did, the Endurance sank,leaving the crew homeless and adrift on a sea of ice in one of the world’s mostdangerous environments.In January 2000 a luxury ocean liner found itself similarly trapped in the cold waters off Antarctica. Argentine authorities sent off an icebreaker straight away from the nearest naval base, and in 24 hour s, all 176 passengers and crew were free. The tour company’s spokesperson spun the potential disaster as a value-added reward in extreme travel. “The people on board are looking at this as sort of a great adventure,” she said.Ever since Jon Krakauer’s b ook Into Thin Air made Everest a household name, the subculture of adventure has blown up like a Himalayan avalanche(雪崩) into public consciousness. Magazines promise “extreme” content, television, offers adventure programs, and the growing collective fasci nation with adventure has produced a flow of published accounts about the world’s greatest adventurous journey. Nowadays more and more people are interested in adventure and this mass appeal makes good business sense. Today the only thing blocking a would-be adventurer’s passage to Antarctica is the cost---- which typically runs well over $10,000.Despite very different implications, adventure was just as popular in Shackleton’s time. He has little trouble filling the Endurance----5,000 men are said to have responded to his recruitment(招募) notice: “Men wanted for risky journey. Small wages. Bitter cold. Long months of complete darkness. Constant danger. Safe return doubtful.”After five months drifting on ice, the crew were forced to take to their lifeboats to Elephant Island. Reaching the wasteland, Shackleton went on with one lifeboat and five of his best men 1,300 kilometers across the bone-chilly Scotia Sea to South Georgia Island. Shivering with cold, dressed in rags, Shackleton marched into a whaling station and set about organizing a rescue expedition to Elephant Island. Almost two years after becoming shipwrecked on ice, Shackleton picked up his crew. “Not a life lost, and we have been through hell,” he remarked earnestly.63. We can learn from the first sentence of this passage that _______.A. the age of adventure began with the ship Endurance trapped in iceB. Shackleton’s adventure marked the highest point of pure explorationC. the age of adventure ended with the ship Endurance trapped in iceD. Shackleton’s adventure predicted that the golden age of exploration was approaching64. The word “spun” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “_______”.A. summed upB. judgedC. boasted aboutD. referred to65. Since Jon Krakauer’s book was published _______.A. the media have got interested in the topic of adventureB. the costs of extreme travel have gone upC. Everest has got its name known to EuropeD. people have got fascinated by Himalayan avalanches59. The adventure in Shackleton’s time has different implications from today’s in that _______.A. Shackleton’s adventure lasted longer then any other adventure nowadaysB. n o one was missing during Shackleton’s adventureC. Shackleton’s adventure was entirely for the sake of adventureD. Shackleton enrolled volunteers more easilySection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately merciful reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense.There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, and government.The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial(家庭的), religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are very normal. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is common; there are homes which cultivate young people with high standards of moral behaviour and others which leave moral training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour applicants with positive moral behaviour. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for cultivating future doctors with moral sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling data that suggest that during medical school the moral behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress (倒退).It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example on moral behaviour. Medical schools must do something to make sure that their students are expected to be clear from day one. The development of a school’s cult ure of moral behaviour requires cooperation with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and developing. Moreover, the school’s examination system and general treatment of students must be fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions (违规) must be firm, fair, transparent (透明的).63. What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?A. Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon.B. We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is possible.C. We know that this phenomenon exists in every medical school.D. We still need more reliable data to know how serious it is.64. According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because________.A. The medical profession is based on trustB. There is zero tolerance of cheating in medicineC. The medical profession depends on the governmentD. Cheating exists extensively in medical schools65. Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with?A. Medical schools should make a less competitive environment for students.B. Outstanding people should create a set of moral standards to be followed.C. Medical students should be positive in creating and preserving moral behavior.D. We don’t know the cause-and-effect of the examination cheating in medical school.66. Which of the following can be implied from the passage?A. It makes little sense to talk about medical school student cheating in exams.B. Medical schools haven’t been doing well t o help students develop morally.C. Cheating in exams is tolerable outside of medical school circle.D. Elimination of exams helps cultivate healthier characters of medical school students.Section BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（C）There is plenty of complaints about how social media-texting in particular—may be harming children’s social and intellectual development. But a new study suggests that constant instantmessaging (IM’ing) and texting among teens may also provide benefits, particularly for those who are introverted (内向的).British researchers studied instant messages exchanged by 231 teens, aged 14 to 18. All of the participants were “regular” or “extensive” IM’ers. In the U. S., two thirds of teens use instant messaging services regularly, with a full third messaging at least once every day.The researchers analyzed 150 conversations in the study, and reported the results in the journal Computers in Human Behavior. In 100 of these chats, the study participant began IM'ing while in a negative emotional state such as sadness, distress or anger. The rest were conversations begun when the participant was feeling good or neutral. After the chat, participants reported about a 20% reduction in their distress—not enough to completely eliminate it, but enough to leave them feeling better than they had before reaching out.“Our findings suggest that IM'ing between distressed adolescents and their peers may provide emotional relief and consequently contribute to their well-being,” the authors write, noting that prior research has shown that people assigned to talk to a stranger either in real life or online improved their mood in both settings, but even more with IM. And people who talk with their real-life friends online also report feeling closer to them than those who just communicate face-to-face, implying a strengthening of their bond.Why would digital communication do better than human contact? The reasons are complex, but may have something to do with the fact that users can control expression of sadness and other emotions via IM without revealing emotional elements like tears that some may consider as embarrassing or sources of discomfort. Studies also show that the anonymity (匿名) of writing on a device blankets the users in a sense of safety that may cause people to feel more comfortable in sharing and discussing their deepest and most authentic feelings. Prior research has shown that expressive writing itself can “vent”emotions and provide a sense of relief—and doing so, knowing that your words are reaching a sympathetic friend, may provide even more comfort and potentially be therapeutic. Researchers also found that introverted participants reported more relief from IM conversations when they were distressed than extroverts did. Susan Cain, author of Quiet wrote recently for TIME: Introverts are often brimming over with thoughts and care deeply for their friends, family and colleagues. But even the most socially skilled introverts sometimes long for a free pass from socializing or talking on the phone. This is what the Internet offers: the chance to connect—but in measured doses and from behind a screen.63. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Teens are more likely to send instant messages when feeling distressed.B. Instant messaging can help completely remove teens’ negative emotions.C. Chat via instant messaging services makes participants feel good or calm.D. Constant instant messaging can help teens control their negative emotions.64. The underlined word “vent” in paragraph 5 most probably means_________.A. controlB. maintainC. releaseD. conceal65. What does the digital communication enable users to do?A. Find more sympathetic friends.B. Share and discuss more information.C. Produce more expressive writings.D. Avoid embarrassment and discomfort.66. What can be concluded from the new study by British researchers?A. Instant messaging will prevent children’s social and intellectual development.B. Introverted teens may benefit from constant instant messaging.C. Teens feeling bad often feel closer to real-life friends than to the net friends.D. American teens aged 14 to 18 are extensive instant messaging users.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Scots are more likely to drink themselves to death than people from any other nation in Western Europe except Austria and Portugal. Every day, six Scots die from alcohol-related conditions. Our hospitals and health services struggle with the wider damage. An estimated 51,600 Scots suffer from drink-related illness. Incidence of liver disease has shot up 40 percent in the past seven years. Most knife attacks and most adult murders occur under the influence of alcohol. And drink abuse (嗜酒) has ruined thousands of families, a personal, psychological and social cost on。

2017年高三英语二模汇编——六选四Exoplanets （外行星）:The Hunt Is OnToday scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have proposed that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar systems. The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed . ___67_ _.Although not the first exoplanet discovery, a planet near a sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in 1995. This kicked off an era of exoplanet hunting, with thousands of discoveries and confirmations following in its wake.___68__ However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable” zone. This is the distance from a star where surface temperature of a pl anet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small slice of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored. Even so, scientist have confirmed over 3500 exoplanets, with more being added every day.To detect exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of sources. Large ground- based telescopes, earth- circling and sun- circling satellites all collect different types of information. Because exoplanets are so far away and very lose to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly ____69__. For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit （凌日）method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets in this way.As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake. __70___. Measuring these slight changes is the radial velocity（径向速度）method of discovering planets. It is one of the most productive methods for finding and confirming exoplanets.These are just two examples of the many methods scientists use in their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more information and enhanced detail. As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find!宝山区（长宁、青浦区）67-70 EBACSection CA School That Can Educate Us AllChristos Porios, 16, lives in a small Greek city. “My mother’s a teacher and my father’s a mechanic,” he explains, adding that neither is knowledgeable about computers—especially compared with him. 67 Porios was taking a free class in machine learning offered by Andrew Ng, a professor at Stanford University, over an online platform Ng developed with his colleagues. Drawing on what he learned, Porios was able to participate in the International Space Apps Challenge, a virtual hackathon (编程马拉松) using data from NASA and other government agencies.If one teenager in one small city can become a genius hacker through an online course, does it mean the world has changed? We have been hearing about the potential of online education for decades. 68 A number of online education platforms have appeared, featuring professors from top universities offering free courses.69 Ng was amazed. “It would take me 250 years to teach this many people at Stanford,” he says. And so, just one month into the course, Ng and his Stanford colleague, Daphne Koller, decided to leave their faculty posts (教职) and dive into online teaching full-time. In April, they launched their company, Coursera, with a $16 million round of venture funding. So far, it has managed to team up with 35 colleges in nine countries.To Ng and Koller, Coursera’s mission is simple and yet grand. That is to teach millions of people around the world for free, while also transforming higher education.According to Ng, the world’s top 20 universities enr oll only about 200,000 students. There are million more who could participate in classwork at the higher level, but most of them are far from any of the leading universities. 70Koller says Coursera’s total registration has hit 15 million. Porios, th e young Greek, is only one of those registrants. His hope is to study in Germany or England someday. He is even toying with the idea of taking classes at MIT or Stanford— but this time in person.崇明区67-70CAFESection CSelf-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause.______67_______ But there’s no need for embarrassment. Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable. Far from being a sign of insanity, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example, take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and talking about her problems. ______68______We do a lot of it when we are young.As children, according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older, we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking. Our words give us an interesting view of our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person: as “you” rather than “I”_____69_____If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself.Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just like a regular dialogue , and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking .______70______-杨浦区67-70 EBDCThe Tutorial System of Oxford UniversityIn the University of Oxford, teaching is conducted primarily through the tutorial system. It is one of the most unique and well-known methods of teaching across the world.The weekly tutorial consists of a one-hour meeting between the tutor and small numbers of students (usually two to four). During this time, an essay prepared specifically for that tutorial is read by students and commented upon by the tutor. At the end of the tutorial, the tutor will assign the topic of study for the coming week and suggest readings. __67__Meanwhile, they are also complemented by departmental lectures which are conducted on a university wide basis, lab work, and seminars (研讨会) often with groups of perhaps 10 students.Tutorials have gained their reputation because of the close relationship they maintain between the tutor and the student. The tutorial system provides undergraduates with direct and in most cases weekly contact with tutors in their academic fields.__68__Before the weekly tutorial, students are required to prepare an essay or other works, which they read or present to the tutor. During each tutorial, students are expected to communicate, debate, analyze and critique the ideas of others as well as their own in conversations with the professor and fellow-students. The tutorial system has great value that it creates learning and assessment opportunities which are highly authentic(可靠的) and difficult to fake, as the student’s work is discussed on the spot.__69__The contrast between tutorials and large lectures common in the American universities is obvious. In the typical American university, students are taught by the same specialists, in the same manner, and held to the same standards.However, during tutorials, students have the opportunity to explore their own ideas directly with experts in particular subjects. __70__ As a result, students must engage in extensive independent reading and research, using the resources available, under the guidance of the tutor.虹口区67-70: BFA CSection CYour Own Best FriendTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a tricky speech ahead of time, you’ll have felt the social restriction against communicating with yourself in words. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.67 Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought. Far from being a sign of insanity, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a narrative of our experience.Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with her toys. You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voice to her frustrations.68 We do a lot of it when we are young–perhaps one reason for our shyness about continuing with it as adults.As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others.69Psychological experiments have shown that the distancing effect of our words can give us a valuable perspective on our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person: as “you” rather than “I”.We internalize the private speech we use as children–but we never entirely put away the out-loud version.70 You’re bound to see an athlete or two gearing themselves up with a tar t phrase or scolding themselves aftera bad shot.Both kinds of self-talk seem to bring a range of benefits to our thinking. Those words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than lazy talk.黄浦区67-70 AFCBTo Please Your Friends, Tell Them What They Already KnewThe research emeraged out of some real-life observations shared by Gilbert and co-authors Gus Cooney and Timothy D. Wilson：“Conversation is the most common of all human social activities, and doing i t well requires that we know what our conversation partners most want to hear.___67___”says psychological scientist Daniel T, Gilbert of Harvard University.“When our friends try to tell us about movies we’ve never seen or albums we’ve never heard, we usua lly find ourselves bored, confused, and underwhelmed. ___68___. And yet, as soon as it’s our turn to speak, we do exactlly the same thing to our friends –with exactly the same consequences. We wanted to understand why this happens.”Gilbert explains. The researchers decided to do this by conducting a series of experiments.In their first experiment, the researchers assigned participants to groups of three, with one person acting as the speaker and the other two acting as listeners. Speakers watched a video and then tried do describe it to the listeners. Some of the listeners had seen the video the speakere was describing, and others had not.___69___. When the speakers were speaking, the listeners rated them on these aspects. The results showed that speakers’ predictions were exactly backwards. Speakers expected listeners to respond more positively to their stories when the listeners had not seen the video they were describing ___70___. Although speakers expected listeners to enjoy hearing about a novel experience more than a familiar one, it was actually the other way around.A second study showed that when asked to predict their own reactions before hearing the story, listeners made the same mistake that speakers did.嘉定区长宁区67-70 DEAFAn 18-year-girl Kayla Perkins explains what is in her bedroom, “I throw something on the floor and I know right where it is.” However, her parents, Steve and Deborah Perkins, of Mckinney, Texas, haven’t caught on. Even Kayla admits that, at the worst, her room is a mess.Most families at some point have at least one child whose room looks like a landfill. 67 Dirty clothes pile up; dirty dishes get lost in the mess and smell bad; homework is lost; and valuable things are ruined.Some parents let it go, believing that a bedroom is private space for children to manage as they wish. Others lecture their children, offer rewar ds for cleaning, or punish them when they don’t.___ 68____ Mrs. Perkins says they picked up all the clothes on Kayla’s floor and hid them. They cleaned everything up. When Kayla came back to a bare bedroom, there was screaming and shouting, “How can I live without my clothes?” Mrs. Perkins asked Kayla to earn her clothes back by doing housework. These days, she keeps her room clean.69 For example, since Jessica, the 14-year-old daughter wasn’t bothered by the dirty clothes all over her floor, the whole family started using her room as a place to store dirty clothes. Her attitude changed after her family did that. By the time she gave in and cleaned up her room a few days later, even she was laughing.70 Children often behave better if you treat them in the way you would want to be treated by your boss at work—with respect and high expectations.奉贤区67-70BFDECharity—Hum anity’s most kind and generous desire—is a timeless and borderless virtue, dating at least to the dawn of religious teaching. Philanthropy（慈善行为）as we understand it today, however, is a distinctly American phenomenon, inseparable from the nation that shaped it. From colonial leaders to modern billionaires like Buffett, Gates and Zuckerberg, the tradition of giving is woven into the national DNA.67. ________ Benjamin Franklin, an icon of individual industry and frugality（节俭）even in his own day, understood that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good. When he died in 1790, Franklin thought to future generations, leaving in trust two gifts of 1,000 Ib. of sterling silver—one to the city of Boston,the other to Philadelphia. According to his instruction, a portion of the money could not be used for 200 years.While Franklin’s gifts lay in wait, the tradition he established evolved alongside the young nation. 68. ________ Often far less famed men and women have played a critical role in phi lanthropy’s evolution. One of my personal heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped construct more than 5,300 schools across the segregated（种族隔离）South and opened classroom doors to a generation of African-American students.69. ________ The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one, encourages the rich people to give. And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoral capitalists to the new tech elite. More troubling, however, are the foundational problems that make philanthropy so necessary. Just before his death, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote, “Philanthropy is praise-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary.”Fr anklin’s gifts represent a broader principle. We are guardians of a public trust, even if our capital came from private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally and more justly for more people. 70. ________ America’s greatest strength is not the fact of perfection, but rather the act of perfecting.浦东新区67—70 F E A BAny apples today? Effie asked cheerfully at my window. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo. On credit, of course. Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just then. ______(67)______All pretense(借口) of payment was dropped when our funds, food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often, always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood. There were other generosities. _____(68)______Effie was not a rich woman. Her income, derived from investments she had made while running an interior decorating shop, had never exceeded $ 200 a month, which she supplemented by selling her apples. But she always managed to help someone poorer.Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time. She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year. "Here, darling," I said, “is what I owe you.______(69)_____ “Give it back as I gave it to you—a little at a time” I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie, for she died a few weeks later. By now, the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times. But a curious thing began to happen.Whenever I saw a fellow human in financial trouble, I was moved to help him. I can't afford to do this always, but in the ten years since Effie's death, I have indirectly repaid my debt to her.______(70)_____ At that time, it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled. So the account can never be marked closed, for Effie's love will go on in hearts that have never known her.普陀区67-70 EAFCThe worst time to look for a job is when you feel desperate and must have a new oneimmediately. 67 If you are not in need of an immediate career change, here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects today:Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do theyhave to exist in your company. However, these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. 68 Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets.Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. All businesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue (收益). Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the pack. You can follow their examples in your own workplace. 69Do exceptional work. In any role, there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early, be flexible to new assignments, have a positive attitude, cooperate with other departments, pay attention to the little details.Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers. Learn more about how success is measured in other roles, departments and companies. Ask people their thoughts on different industries. 70 People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search, so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others, and be helpful when you can.As in all things in life, getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change.松江区闵行区67-70 FDABThe explosion of new media, ranging from the internet to digital television, means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to catch the public’s attention in the future.______67______ No longer will all members be watching the same program: some will be watching different channels on their own TVs, surfing the net or doing both at the same time. The advertising industry will have to work “harder and smarter” to cut through the “mess” of the future with a wide range of new media, all competing to catch the consumers’ eyes.People have become more individual in their consumption of advertising. New technology has madeexperimenting with new forms of advertising possible. The monologue where the advertisement tells housewives that this is the washing powder they should buy is just a cliché(陈词滥调) now. ______68______ There is, consequently, little hope of them surviving for more than another twenty years. A much closer relationship with the consumer is gradually being created.The definition of what constitutes advertising will expand well beyond the conventional mass media. Shopping environments will themselves become a part of the advertising process. Increasingly, they will exist not simply to sell goods, but also to entertain people and to make sure that they enjoy their time there. The aim will be to “warm” people towards these places so that they will return to purchase goods there again.In spite of these and other changes, it is highly unlikely that TV, print and radio will disappear altogether as advertising media. ______69______ But other marketing strategies, such as public relations and direct marketing, will become as important as advertising. Advertising agencies will have to reinvent themselves. They will no longer be able simply to produce advertisements and then support these through PR, direct marketing or the internet. Instead, they will have to change the whole way they look at communication and start thinking about ideas which are not specific to one discipline.______70______ Originality of thinking has always been in short supply. It will continue to be so in the future. But there will be increasing coston the advertiser’s ability to be imaginative and to think laterally about engaging the consumer in a broader variety of media.静安区67-70 FCEAMy wife and I recently welcomed a child into the world. His only interest right now is keeping us awake 24/7. But one day, he’ll need to learn something about finance. When he does, here are some suggestions.1. You might think you want an expensive car, a fancy watch, and a huge house. But you don’t. ______(67)________ You think having expensive stuff will bring it. It almost never does—especially from the people you want to respect and admire you.2. The road to financial regret is paved with debt. Some debt, such as a mortgage, is OK. But most spending that results in debt is the equivalent of a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that wears off, only to drag you down for years tocome, limiting your options and keeping you weighed down by the baggage of your past.3. I hope you’re poor at some point. Not struggling, and not unhappy, of course. But there’s no way to learn the value of money without feeling the power of its scarcity. It teaches you the difference between necessary and desirable. ______(68)_______ These are essential survival skills.4. If you’re like most people, you’ll spend most of your adult life thinking, “Once I’ve saved/earned $X, everything will be great.” Then you’ll hit $X, move the goalposts, and resume chasing your tail. It’s a miserable cycle. Your goals should be about more than money.5. Don’t stay in a job you hate because you made a career choice at 18. Almost no one knows what he or she wants to do at that age. Many people don’t know what they want until they’re twice that age. (These are the signs you’re in the wrong career.)6. The best thing money buys is to control over your time. _____ (69) ________ One day you’ll realize that this freedom is one of the things that makes you truly happy.7. Change you r mind when you need to. I’ve noticed a tendency for people to think they’ve mastered investing when they’re young. They start investing at age 18 and think they have it all figured out by age 19. They never do.8. Some people are born into families that encourage education; others are from families that are against it. Some are born into flourishing economies; others, into war and poverty. I want you to be successful, and I want you to earn it. But realize that not all success is due to hard work and not all poverty is due to laziness. Keep this in mind when judging people, including yourself.9. Your savings rate has a little to do with how much you earn and a lot to do with how much you spend. I know a dentist who lives paycheck to paycheck, always on the edge of ruin. I know another person who never earned more than $50,000 and saved a fortune. The difference is entirely due to their spending _____(70) _____.10. Don’t listen to me if you disagree with what I’ve written. The world you grow up in will h ave different values and opportunities than the one I did. More important, you’ll learn best when you disagree with someone and then are forced to learn it yourself. (On the other hand, always listen to your mother.)徐汇区67-70 FACD。

上海二模各区完型汇编2017宝山区TraditionArt SurvivingNative American Indians expressed themselves through their artwork, which is carved ontopoles. Many people hold the belief (21) __________all Native American Indian totem（图腾）totem poles, but this is far from the truth . Carving totem poles was a carve的tribes （部落）tradition among many tribes , especially those that lived along the Pacific coast(22)____________forest grew. However , those Native American Indians who lived in the south Indians , but (23)_________(few) trees to carve than Pacific tribes.west and the plains , andThe height of totem poles can vary considerably . Long ago totem poles (24)___________(find) to stand around 12m tall . Today , Native American Indian artists continue tocare trees, but some totem poles are short and are used in homes as decoration .(25)_____________is not surprising that a genuine pole will cost more than $1500 per meter because traditionally carved totem involve a great deal of work , craftsmanship and time to produce.The raising of a totem pole is an important celebration among the India tribe . A hole is dugfor the pole to stand in . The pole is carried to the site in a ceremony which other hundreds ofpeople attend. Ropes are used (26)__________(raise) the pole into place. Singing and dancing to drums accompanies the pole raising . Often poles are raised in this way (27) ___________thecarving begins . Carvers do their jobs then on the site.Many people believe that totem poles are religious symbols , but this idea is false. Instead of(28) __________(act) as religious symbols , carvings represent the tribal nation and convey thetribes' history . The story of a totem pole is frequently passed down from generation to generation . Having the story documented this way helps keep this tradition (29) __________(recognize) inour history . These days , many totem poles no longer exist (30) _______ __________ decay androt. However , there are still some tribes that continue to practice this ancient are form , and these totem poles are still being enjoyed by collections of tribal art.II. Grammar and Vocabulary25. It 24. were found 22. where 23. fewer 21. that30. because of29. recognized 26. to raise 27. before 28. acting崇明区Delivering Food by DroneA Singapore restaurant plans to use drones (遥控飞机) to transport food and drinks from the kitchen to a wait station near customers' tables.Infinium Robotics, the Singapore company that's developing the drones for restaurant chain Timbre, has spent the past two weeks testing the technology at the restaurant before it opens each night21 business and hopes to have it in place by the end of the year.But how does the drone know where to hover (盘旋)? What if someone bumps into the drone or is standing in its way? “There's no chance at all 22 it will hit anything,”says Infinium Robotics chief executive Junyang Woon.The drones automatically charge while 23 (wait) in the kitchen. 24 the chef putsan order on the drone, he hits a button on a keypad and the drone automatically flies to one of two wait stations. Sense-and-avoid technology 25 (build) into the drone won't allow it to land at the wait station if anything is in its way. The drones are equipped with sonar (声纳系统) and an infrared sensor (红外线传感器), too.A waiter then removes the food or drink from the drone and hits a button 26 sends itback to the kitchen. The drones, weighing a little over five pounds, 27 carry just over four pounds of food. Infinium Robotics is working on a model that will carry twice as 28 (much) food.“Its job is to help the waiters to reduce some of their boring tasks, ”Woon said. “If they let the robots 29 (do) the job, they can concentrate on interacting with customers to bring about higher customer satisfaction and dining experience.”Since it drew recent media attention, Woon 30 (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10countries, including the United States.II. Grammar and Vocabulary（共20分。

2017上海二模各区完型汇编宝山区Surviving Art TraditionNative American Indians expressed themselves through their artwork, which is carved onto totem（图腾）poles. Many people hold the belief (21) __________all Native American Indian tribes （部落）carve 的totem poles, but this is far from the truth . Carving totem poles was a tradition among many tribes , especially those that lived along the Pacific coast (22)____________forest grew. However , those Native American Indians who lived in the south west and the plains , and Indians , but (23)_________(few) trees to carve than Pacific tribes.The height of totem poles can vary considerably . Long ago totem poles (24) ___________(find) to stand around 12m tall . Today , Native American Indian artists continue to care trees, but some totem poles are short and are used in homes as decoration .(25) _____________is not surprising that a genuine pole will cost more than $1500 per meter because traditionally carved totem involve a great deal of work , craftsmanship and time to produce.The raising of a totem pole is an important celebration among the India tribe . A hole is dug for the pole to stand in . The pole is carried to the site in a ceremony which other hundreds of people attend. Ropes are used (26)__________(raise) the pole into place. Singing and dancing to drums accompanies the pole raising . Often poles are raised in this way (27) ___________the carving begins . Carvers do their jobs then on the site.Many people believe that totem poles are religious symbols , but this idea is false. Instead of (28)__________(act) as religious symbols , carvings represent the tribal nation and convey the tribes’ history . The story of a totem pole is frequently passed down from generation to generation . Having the story documented this way helps keep this tradition (29) __________(recognize) in our history . These days , many totem poles no longer exist (30) _______ __________ decay and rot. However , there are still some tribes that continue to practice this ancient are form , and these totem poles are still being enjoyed by collections of tribal art.II. Grammar and Vocabulary21. that 22. where 23. fewer 24. were found 25. It26. to raise 27. before 28. acting 29. recognized 30. because of崇明区Delivering Food by DroneA Singapore restaurant plans to use drones (遥控飞机) to transport food and drinks from the kitchen to a wait station near customers’ tables.Infinium Robotics, the Singapore company that’s developing the drones for restaurant chain Timbre, has spent the past two weeks testing the technology at the restaurant before it opens each night 21 business and hopes to have it in place by the end of the year.But how does the drone know where to hover (盘旋) What if someone bumps into the drone or is standing in its way “There’s no chance at all 22 it will hit anything,” says Infinium Robotics chief executive Junyang Woon.The drones automatically charge while 23 (wait) in the kitchen. 24 the chef puts an order on the drone, he hits a button on a keypad and the drone automatically flies to one of two wait stations. Sense-and-avoid technology 25 (build) into the drone won’t allow it to land at the wait station if anything is in its way. The drones are equipped with sonar (声纳系统) and an infrared sensor (红外线传感器), too.30including the United States.II. Grammar and Vocabulary（共20分。

2017届高三英语第二次（4月）质量调研试题(时间120分钟，满分140分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A听力（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks t o make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word tha t best fits each blank.Whether in the workplace or the football field , effective team work can produce amazing results , However , _____21______ _(work) successfully as a team is not as easy as it may seem. Effective teamwork certainly does not just happen automatica lly , it takes a great deal of hard work and compromise . There are a number of factors ____22___must be in place to make a good team.Effective leadership is one of the most important factors of go od teamwork . The team’s leader should possess the skills __ __23____(create) a positive working environment and motivat e and inspire the team members to talk a positive approach to work and be committed. An effective team leader will promot e a high level of spirit and make them feel ____24_____（value）Communication is a vital factor of all interpersonal relationship and especially that of a team . Team members must be able t o express their feelings , share ideas and see each other’s opi nions.Conflicts will arise ____25____well a team functions together . The best way to deal with conflicts is to have some organized methods of handling conflicts. Team members should be able to voice their concerns ____26_____fear of offending others. I nstead of avoiding conflict issues , a practical approach that _ ___27____(settle) them quickly is much better . It is often advi sed that the team leader sit with the conflicting parties and hel p work out their differences without taking sides and try to rem ain objective if possible .The team leader ___28____set a good example to create goo d teamwork . In order to keep team members positive and mo tivated , the team leader ____29_____needs to show these qualities . The team turns to the leader for support and guidance . So any negative words or behaviors on the leader’s part can be disastrous.Regardless of ___30_____type of work you are in , knowing h ow to effectively work on and with a team is going to be extre mely important to your success and that of your team.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from t he box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. approachB. shapeC. previouslyD. evidentE. secretF. dateG. hardly H.remains I. irrelevant J. potential K. par ticularlySwedish Archaeologists Make New Discoveries Archaeologists have begun exploring an unknown ancient city at a village called Vlochos , five hours north of Athens . The Archaeological ____31______are scattered on and around the Strongiloveni hill on the great Thessaliam plains and can be tr aced to several historical periods.“What used to be considered remains of some _____32____se ttlement can now be upgraded to remains of a city higher sign ificance than _____33______thought,” says Robin Ronnland , PhD student in Classical Archaeology and Ancient History at t he university of Gotheoburg and leader of the firework.“We came across the site which has never been explored bef ore in connection with another project last year and retailed th e great __34_____right away .”Working together with the Swedish Institute at Athens and the local archaeological service in Karditsa , the Vlochos Archac ological Project (VLAP) was started with an aim to explore the remains . The project’s research team completed the first fiel d season during two weeks in September 2016.Ronnlund says that the hill is hiding many ____35_____. R emains of towers , walls and city gates can be found on the m ountaintop and slopes , but __36_____anything is visible on th e ground below . The ambition is to avoid digging and instead use ____37____such as ground—penetrating radar. This will enable the team to leave the site i n the same ____38____as it was in when they arrived. The su ccess of this method is _____39____from the results of the firs t field season.“ We found a town square and a street network that indicatethat we are dealing with quite a large city . The area inside th e city wall measured over 40 hectares . We also found ancien t pottery and coins that can help to ___40____the city . Our old est finds are from around 500 BC, but the city seems to have f lourished mainly from the fourth to the third century BC before it was abandoned for some reason , maybe in connection wit h the Roman conquest of the area.Ronnlund believes that the Swedish-Greek project can provide important clues as to what happen ed during this violent period in Greek history.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are f our words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why College is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important gro wth in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity . However , now the y are becoming an ___41____period of adolescence , during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult _____42____.In the past two decades , continued connections with and ___ 43____on family , thanks to cell phones , email and social me dia , have increased significantly . Some parents go so far as to help with coursework . Instead of promoting the idea of coll ege as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy , universities have ____44_____to the idea that they should pro vide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility , coll ege need to be a time of ___45____and experimentation . This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about ones elf both intellectually and personally ._____46_____we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges , we must also make it s afe to express opinions and challenge majority views.____47_ ____ growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and qu estioning .Learning to deal with the ___48____world is equally importa nt . Because a college community （群体） differs from the family , many students will struggle to fin d a sense of ____49___. If students rely on administrations to___50_____their social behavior and thinking pattern ,they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity ,within a larger and complex community .______51___,the tendency for universities to monitor and _ _52_____student behavior runs up against another characteris tic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their el ders . If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined (规定)， the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrator s are seeking to minimize many actually be _____53___. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out , partic ularly when there are reasons to do so .Our generation once joined hands and stood from at times o f national emergence . What is lacking today is the _____54__ __between desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore , there is the desire for their home to be replacement homes and not places to experience growth . But Every college discussion about community values ,social climates and behavior should include ___55__of the developm ent importance of students autonomy and self-regulation.41. A. expanded B. educational C. expectedD. extended42. A. responsibilities B. abilities C. knowledge D. experience43. A. concentration B. dependence C. influence D. d ecision44. A. give up B. give away C. give in D. give out45. A. instruction B. exploration C. reflection D. prep aration46. A. When B. While C. Since D. If47. A. Intellectual B. Spiritual C. Logical D. Psycho logical48. A. adult B. virtual C. real D. social49. A. satisfaction B. duty C. belonging D. curiosit y50. A. understand B. train C. protect D. regulate51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Thus D. Howeve r52. A. change B. criticize C. shape D. motivate53. A. encouraged B. challenged C. agreed D. reali zed54. A. difference B. tension C. balance D. conflict55. A. observation B. recognition C. determination D. ju dgmentSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of th em there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the pas sage you have just read.(A)The Right Thing“ Hi , Mrs , Grady ,” said Mark when their neighbor opened he r door. “ Would you like us to shovel your sidewalk and drivew ay ?” Shoveling was Jamie’s idea , a way to earn enough mon ey for the new Ocean Kingdom video game that came out the next day .Mrs .Grady was happy , “ That would be wonderful , boys . I think the job is getting to be too much for me .“It will cost 10 dollars ,” Jamie said .” If that’s OK “, Mark ad ded .‘ Oh dear , “ Mrs. Grady said disappointedly , “ I haven’t be en able to get to the bank . I can offer homemade cookies ,but I realize that’s not what you had in mind .”Mark was going to say that Mrs . Grady could pay them a nother time , but Jamie cut him off .“We’ll come back later .” Mrs. Grady doesn’t look like the person who’d come to his rescue last summer when Mr. Dunn’s collie , Goldie had just wanted to play , but Mark didn’t feel comfortable around big d ogs . He wanted to call for help , but his tongue seemed locke d behind his teeth. Then Mrs . Grady ‘s front door had flown o pen . She must have seen him from across the street. ‘ Hold o n , Mark . I’m coming !”“Goldie”she’d called . As soon as Gol die had turned her head , Mrs . Grady had slipped between M ark and the dog . She wasn’t much taller than Mark , but she’d stood firm as a rock in front of him. ‘ Goldie , go home!” Then she’d swept her broom to hurry the dog along .”Get!” Goldie had obeyed.When Mark showed thanks to Mrs.Grady , Mrs. Grady laug hed .” It was nothing . Good neighbors watch out for each oth er , don’t they ? “And now Mrs. Grady needed Mark as much as he’d needed her last summer. He smiled and waved at Mrs. Grady , then his shovel deep into the snow.“Hey!” Jamie shouted . “What are you doing ?” Mark couldn’t explain about Goldie and watching out for neighbors .” I like Mrs. Grady’s cookies ,” he said .56. Why did Jamie and Mark plan to clear the snow for Mrs . Grany at first?A. To help the ladyB. To earn pocket moneyC. To do volunteer workD. To visit New Kingdom57. Mrs . Grady couldn’t pay them most probably because __ ______.A. she didn’t have enough cashB. she couldn’t find the ba nkC. she thought it was worthlessD. she couldn’t afford it58. According to the story, which of the following word can n ot be used to describe Mrs.Grady ?A. PositiveB. HelpfulC. BraveD. Hopeful59. Which of the following proverb can best summarize the st ory ?A. A penny saved is a penny earnedB. Kindness is repaid with kindnessC. A clear conscienceD. Actions speak louder than wor kBThis is What a Real Sliver Dollar Looks LikeIf you trust in the yen , the euro , and the dollar --------stop readingBecause this is a story about the sliver coin , EVERYDODY w ants .You read the headlines. You know that troubled economic tim es have put global currency on a rollercoaster(过山车) ride. But millions have found a smarter way to build longte rm value with highgrade collectable silver. And right now, thos e people are lining up to secure some of the last 2012 U．S. Mint Silver Eagles, America's Newest Silver Eagle Dollars. To day, you can graduate to the front of that line. Buy now and y ou can own these brilliant uncirculated Silver Dollars for only$38.95!You Can't Afford to LoseWhy are we releasing(发行) this silver dollar for such a remarkable price? Because we want to introduce you to what hundreds of thousands of smart collectors and satisfied customers have known since 1984—New York Mint is the place to find the world's finest highgrade coins. That's why we're offering you this Brilliant Uncirculated 2012 U．S.Silver Eagle for as little as $37.45(plus s/h)．Timing is EverythingOur advice? Keep this to yourself. Because the more peo ple who know about this offer, the worse it is for you. Demand for Silver Eagles in 2011 broke records. Experts predict that 2012 Silver Eagles may break them all over again. Due to rapi d changes in the price of silver, prices may be higher or lower and are subject to(受……影响) change without notice. Supplies are limited. Call immediat ely to add these Silver Eagles to your holdings before it's too l ate.Offer Limited to 40 per household2012 American Silver Eagle CoinYour cost 14 Coins $38.95 each＋s/h59 Coins $38.45 each＋s/h1019 Coins $37.95 each＋s/h2040 Coins $37.45 each＋s/hNote：$10 s/h(shipping and handling) for each purchaseFor fastest service, call tollfree 24 hours a day 188********Offer Code(代码) ASE17704Please mention this code when you call.New York Mint14101 Southcross Drive W．， Dept.ASE17704 Burnsville, Minnesota 5533760. Suppose you want to purchase seven 2017 U.S . Mint Sliv er Engles by post , you should pay at least _________.A. $ 273.55B. $263.55C. $275.65D. $266.5561. The 2017 Sliver Eagle is worth purchasing mainly because _________A. the price of the coin is favorableB. the coin is of lasting high qualityC. the coin is popular among collectorsD. it can be circulate d as a currency62. If you are not willing to pay for the service , you can purch ase the silver coin by _________.A. shopping on www.New York Mint .comB. dialing the nu mber 1-888-201-7143C. writing to the enterpriseD. lining up in front of the stores in personC"Today, technical innovations dominate our everyday life in m any areas. New technologies, however, always are associate d with risks -- and these are also seen by laymen," says Christoph Böhmer t, first author of the recently published study and researcher of the Science Communication Group of KIT's Institute for Germ an Studies. "It is crucial to enable adequate communication b etween science and society, which does not only consider sci entific findings, but also concerns of the population." The stud y clearly showed that communication of risks may be complic ated sometimes. Information on efficient precautions was foun d to lead to an increased risk perception by the recipients of t he information.In their study, the researchers analyzed communication about a technology that has become indispensable in our life -- mobile communications and the electromagnetic fields （电磁场）on which it is based. All over the world, radiation protection au thorities, such as the German Federal Office for Radiation Pro tection, communicate the current state of research into risks o f electromagnetic fields as follows: Investigations made and al l findings obtained so far do not allow any conclusions to be d rawn with respect to mobile communications being a risk for h uman health. But, the experts continue, there still are knowled ge gaps as regards long-term impacts. Then, measures are recommended to reduce e xposure of the individual to electromagnetic fields.It had been known from previous studies already that informat ion on precautions may increase worries. It had been suspect ed that people conclude from the recommendation of precauti ons that there really is a risk. This effect was not confirmed by the recent study. The scientists rather attributed the increase d worries to a lack of knowledge about the propagation(传播) of electromagnetic fields.Within the framework of the study, the recommended precauti ons were submitted to 1717 Australians, together with one ofsix information brochures providing scientific background infor mation. When test persons were given not only the recommen dations, but also explained why observation of these tips stro ngly reduces their exposure to electromagnetic fields, worries increased. For example, scientists explained to the test perso ns that telephone conversations with a headset largely reduce exposure. When a mobile phone is located ten centimeters in stead of just one centimeter away from the ear, the electric po wer absorbed by the ear is about one hundredth of the initial v alue. Hence, the own mobile phone usually causes an exposu re that by far exceeds that of mobile communications stations that are generally referred to as "cellphone towers." While the scientists wanted to explain the effectiveness of precautions, t est persons mainly considered this information to be an indica tion of their mobile phone -- not the transmission towers -- being dangerous. As a result, they perceived increased risk potentials for telephone conversations with their mobile phone s."The study reveals that messages on precautions and informa tion are a double-edged sword in terms of subjective risk perception. Their use should be far better understood," Boehmert says.63. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage ?A. Adequate information on efficient precautions can relieve t he concerns of the publicB. Mobile communications definitely do harm to people’s heal th in the long run.C. Information about technologies and their risks may have u ndesired side effects.D. Observation of the precautions can help reduce the conce rns of the public66. According to the passage ,we can conclude that the best way to relieve the inappriate worries is to __________.A. enable the users to know better of science and technology .B. produce new electric products with a lower radiation valueC. provide the public with less information on effective precaut ionD. inform the public about the potential risks with more patien ce65. The word “precaution” ( first appears in paragraph 1) in bold letters has the closets meaning to _______-A. introductionB. intentionC. recommendationD. prevetion66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passa ge ?A. Science and Technology : A Double –edged SwordB. Technical Innovation : Worries and InformationC. Science and Technology: Security Tips for UsersD. Technical Innovations : Effectiveness of Precautions . Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be us ed only once. Note that there are two more sentences than yo u need.To Please Your Friends, Tell Them What They Already Knew The research emeraged out of some real-life observations shared by Gilbert and co-authors Gus Cooney and Timothy D. Wilson：“Conversation is the most common of all human social activiti es, and doing it well requires that we know what our conversa tion partners most want to hear.___67___”says psychological scientist Daniel T, Gilbert of Harvard University.“When our friends try to tell us about movies we’ve never see n or albums we’ve never heard, we usually find ourselves bor ed, confused, and underwhelmed. ___68___. And yet, as soon as it’s our turn to speak, we do exactlly the same thing to our friends – with exactly the same consequences. We wanted to understand why this happens.”Gilbert explains. The research ers decided to do this by conducting a series of experiments. In their first experiment, the researchers assigned participants to groups of three, with one person acting as the speaker and the other two acting as listeners. Speakers watched a video a nd then tried do describe it to the listeners. Some of the listen ers had seen the video the speakere was describing, and oth ers had not.___69___. When the speakers were done speaking, the listen ers rated them on these aspects. The results showed that spe akers’ predictions were exactly backwards. Speakers expecte d listeners to respond more positively to their stories when the listeners had not seen the video they were describing ___70_ __. Although speakers expected listeners to enjoy hearing about a novel experience more than a familiar one, it was actuall y the other way around.A second study showed that when asked to predict their own r eactions before hearing the story, listeners made the same mi stake that speakers did.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and th e main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Moving My CurfewFor some time now , I have had an 8:00 p.m. curfew ---the time by which I have to be at home , even on weekends. When I was younger , I didn’t really complain . But now I have reached an age when this curfew is no longer suitable . For s everal reasons , it is clearly time to move my curfew to 10:00 p.m. on weekends.First of all , I ’m soon going to be an adult , like all teenagers , I need practice handling the greater freedom that goes along with being an adult . When teenagers don’t get practice han dling freedom , they often make many serious mistakes. For e xample , some teenagers go away to college and suddenly th ey don’t know how to handle it , and they get into trouble . I be lieve it is better to increase freedom gradually . That may the t eenager learners how to handle freedom responsibly . I believ e I could handle a later curfew without making serious mistak es in judgment.A later curfew is also important to me because I’m an active s tudent . As you know , I am often on the committee in charge of running extra-curricular activities .Because of my present curfew , I have to f inish school activities over an hour before they are over. Othe rs students must take over for me when I leave . A 10:00 curf ew would allow me to stay until the end of school functions an d give me enough time to get home without rushing .Finally , I am a teenager who can be trusted to handle a 10:00 p.m curfew . I know that many teenagers cannot handle muc h responsibility . However , I am clearly not that kind of teena ger. I have proven myself to be a very responsible person . Fo r example , I have never been in serious trouble , either at sch ool or in the company . I also hold a part-time job and still manage to maintain a “B” average in school .In other words , I am a person who uses my time wisely , me ets responsibilities an stays out of trouble .V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, usi ng the words given in the brackets.72. 现如今人们越来越关注自己的生活品质。

V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 看到他的表情，我忍不住把实情告诉了他。

(resist)73. 随着时间的推移，那本日记上的字迹现在已模糊不清，难以辨认。

(With)74. 把难记的单词或句子同一件有趣的事情联系起来，记住它们就轻而易举了。

(associate)75. 正是因为学习方法因人而异，所以在学习和生活中适合你的不一定就适合我。

(vary)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 永远不要对你孩子的缺点熟视无睹。

(blind)73. 任何情况下，你都不应该恶意评论他人。

(Under…)74. 申请人必须精通英语，否则他无法胜任这个岗位。

(command)75. 除了美味的咖啡和甜品，这间咖啡馆还提供各种书籍，从小说到诗歌，应有尽有，足以让你安静地度过一个下午。

(range)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 正巧这几天有空，去公园散步如何？(happen)73. 一副油画赠予了该美术馆，以纪念两个城市间的珍贵友谊。

(honor)74. 与诗歌欣赏有关的电视节目倍受欢迎，以致于越来越多的人开始关注中国古典文学。

(So…)75. 这位年轻的科学家把获得的众多突出成就归功于从高中时期开始就博览群书、做事持之以恒、不甘落后。

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In this section we consider what you can do to train your brain to improve your game playing skills.1. Daily workoutIt is very easy to find tactical puzzles and train. However, you must try to solve them. Don‘t just stare at the position for 10 seconds and then turn to the solution. You won‘t learn anything. Have a go at trying to solve the puzzle. If you got it right then great ---- well done. However, if you got it wrong, then have another look. Ask yourself questions such as the following:●Why did I get it wrong?●What was wrong with my solution?●What was the weakness that the tactic exploited?Where can you find tactical puzzles?It‘s easy. They are everywhere. Many newspapers, including Independent, and magazines have a daily or weekly chess puzzle. Key ―chess puzzles‖ into Google and you‘ll find a whole load of them. There are plenty of puzzle books.2. Use softwareNowadays chess software is terribly cheap. World Champion Vladimir Kramnik recently lost a match 4 – 2 against a software program. This program is available for about ￡30.In general, people use chess software for the wrong reasons. They often play game after game against the machine and get beaten every time. Bored with this, they turn the playing level right down so that the program is almost playing random moves and then they can beat it every time and feel better.Neither method will help you improve. However, chess software can be a fantastically useful learning tool if used in two particular ways.The first is if you have tried to solve a puzzle but it‘s a bit too difficult and you don‘t really understand the solution. Never mind ---- well done for trying. Now set the position up on the program and try different moves. Chess software is faultless at tactical play. It will instantly tellyou the right and wrong moves and why they do or don‘t work.Secondly you can run over games you have played to learn where you have gone wrong and where you could have improved. Get into the habit of keeping the score (i.e. writing down the moves) of games that you play. This will help you to improve and refine your understanding of tactical themes and patterns.56. What would be the best title of this passage?A. How to Train Your BrainB. Where to Find Tactical PuzzlesC. Daily Workout and Use of SoftwareD. How to Improve Your Chess-Playing Skills57. The underlined part ―tactical puzzles‖ in the second paragraph most probably means ______.A. puzzles making us better understand themes and patterns of difficult gamesB. puzzles showing us how to train our brains to think more effectivelyC. puzzles teaching us some skills to play more difficult gamesD. puzzles only teaching us how to play chess games well58. Which of the following would be the right way of using chess software?A. Playing as many games against the machine as possible.B. Always trying difficult puzzles to improve your chess skills.C. Running over games you‘ve played to learn from mistakes and improve.D. Turning the playing level down to build your self confidence and feel better.59. What does the writer think about chess software?A. Chess software will help a lot if properly used.B. Chess software below 30 pounds is too cheap to use.C. Chess software is a fantastically useful learning toolin daily work.D. Chess software helps improve understanding of tactical themes and patterns.Keys:56-59: DBCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Born in 1823 in Wales, Alfred Russel Wallace was a man of modest means, but he had a passion for nature and he chose to follow it. He started out collecting insects as a hobby, but eventually his longing for adventure led him to explore the world.Luckily for Wallace, Victorian Britain was discovering an interest in weird and wonderful insects, so the demand from museums and private collections for these beasts was growing. Wallace was able to make a living doing what he loved: collecting beetles and other insects.But his first trip of exploring the world ended in disaster. Wallace proceeded to the Amazon in South America. Its giant forests promised a wealth of new species, sure to put him on the scientific map. The trip took 6 weeks and involved every mode of transport in existence at the time. After four years Wallace set off for home, but his boat caught fire in the middle of the Atlantic. Everyone survived, but Wallace had to watch in despair as his samples went up in flames –including live animals he was bringing home that were trying to jump free of the flames. But he did not let it stop him.In 1854, Wallace set off on another adventure, this time to the Malay Archipelago. Wallace found himself humbled by the new and exciting things he saw. He later recalled: ―As I lie listening to these interesting sounds, I think how many besides myself have longed to see with their own eyes the many wonderful and beautiful things which I am daily encountering.‖In 1858, Wallace wrote what became known as the ―Ternate essay‖: a piece of writing that was to change our understanding of life forever. In his essay, Wallace argued that a species would only turn into another species if it was struggling for existence. Henry W. Bates was one of many scientists delighted by the idea of evolution by natural selection. In a letter to Wallace, he wrote: ―The idea is like truth itself, so simple and obvious that those who read and understand it will be struck by its simplicity; and yet it is perfectly original.‖56. __________ finally caused Wallace to explore the world.A. His strong affection for natureB. His life-long devotion to beastsC. His deep love for adventureD. Increasing demand for insects57. Which of the following is TRUE about Wallace‘s first trip?A. It took him six weeks to explore the Amazon with all kinds of transportation.B. He made a scientific study of a fairly limited number of insects.C. The fire cost him his four years‘ collection of animals.D. His passion cooled after the disaster.58. Wallace felt _____ on the Malay Archipelago.A. fearlessB. luckyC. challengedD. risky59. Wallace‘s idea on evolution of natural selection __________.A. made no sense at that timeB. built up a new concept of lifeC. was too simple to be trueD. revealed the origin of natureKeys:56-59 CCBBSection BDirections: Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestions or unfinishedstatements. Foreach ofthemtherearefour choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choose the onethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Dear Cutie-Pie,Recently, your mother and I were searching for an answer on Google. Half way through entering the question, Google returned a list of the most popular searches in the world. At the top of the list was ―How to keep him interested.‖It surprised me a lot. I scanned several of the countless articles about how to be sexy and sexual, when to bring him a beer versus a sandwich, and the ways to make him feel smart and superior.And I got angry.Little One, it is not, has never been, and never will be your job to ―keep him interested.‖Little One, your only task is to know deeply in your soul—in that unshakeable place that isn‘t upset by rejection and loss—that you are worthy of interest.If you can trust your worth in this way, you will be attractive in the most important sense ofthe world: you will attract a boy who is both capable of interest and who wants to spend his one life investing all of his interest in you.Little One, I want to tell you about t he boy who doesn‘t need to be kept interested, because he knows you are interesting.I don‘t care if he can‘t play a bit of golf with me—as long as he can play with the children you give him and revel in all the glorious and frustrating ways they are just like you. I don‘t care if he doesn‘t follow his wallet—as long as he follows his heart and it always leads him back to you. I don‘t care if he is strong—as long as he gives you the space to exercise the strength that is in your heart. I couldn‘t care less how he votes—as long as he wakes up every morning and daily elects you to a place of honor in your home and a place of respect in his heart. I don‘t care about the color of his skin. I don‘t care if he was raised in this religion or that religion or no re ligion.Little One, if you come across a man like that and he and I have nothing else in common, we will have the most important thing in common: You.Because in the end, Little One, the only thing you should have to do to ―keep him interested‖ is to be you.Your eternally interested guy,Daddy56. What shocked Daddy when he was surfing on the Internet?A. Girls‘ knowing nothing about trusting themselves.B. Girls‘ giving priority to finding ways to please boys.C. Girls‘ bringing foods and drinks to boys from time to time.D. Girls‘ being upset by being rejected constantly.57. Father thinks what is of primary importance to his daughter is to ____________.A. keep the boy interestedB. know she deserves a boy‘s interestC. attract a boy willing to invest all in herD. find a boy who can please her58. According to the passage, what does the underlined word ―revel‖ mean?A. feel depressedB. become puzzledC. look aroundD. enjoy himself59. What‘s the main purpose of this letter?A. To advise his daughter to trust her worth.B. To inform his daughter how to keep others interested.C. To show his daughter how to find her true love.D. To help his daughter find someone with common interests.Keys:56—59 B B D ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)When Frank and I stepped through the post office doors, there was a crowd gathered, gawking at the new fixture on the wall like a chorus of wide-mouthed frogs. I had to get closer, and that was where being a girl that's scrawnier than a wire fence came in handy. Fortunately, Frank, my twin of eleven years, was just the same."Come on." I said, grabbing his hand, and we slid through the cracks between people until we spilled out in front.Finally I got a good look. It was fixed to the plaster next to the postmaster's window, the place of honor usually reserved for the Wanted posters. Beady-eyed Zedekiah Smith, the bank robber, still hung there, but even he had been pushed aside for something more important.A telephone. The first one in town."How's it work?" Noah Crawford called out. Noah's the best fix-it man around, and I could tell he was itching to get his fingers on those shiny knobs."Don't rightly know," answered the postmaster, and he tugged at his goatee as if it might tell him. "I do know the sound of your voice moves along wires strung on poles. It's sort of like the telegraph, only you hear words instead of dots and dashes.""Ah," the crowd murmured, and I felt my own mouth move along.I gazed at that gleaming wood box and something happened inside me. Something — I can only guess — that might be like falling in love. The thought of talking into that box — of making my voice sail through wires in the sky — it took over my brain. I couldn't get it out."Frank," I whispered to my twin. "I have to use that telephone."Five minutes later, Frank towed me up Main Street, toward home. "Liza — " he began, but I cut him off. We two thought so much alike, I had Frank's questions answered before he even asked.56. People crowded in the post office because ___________.A. they were attracted by a new posterB. the postmaster was delivering a speechC. they were curious about the telephoneD. there was a wanted bank robber captured57. Which of the following is Not True according to the passage?A. Many people stared at the new device in open-mouthed amazement.B. The slight-figured twins managed to push to the front of the crowd.C. Even the best fix-it man in the town got no idea about the new device.D. The postmaster didn‘t know anything about how the telephone worked.58. By― It took over my brain. I couldn’t get it out.‖,we get a clear picture of the girl‘s ______.A. eagerness to use the telephoneB. fascination for the wood boxC. puzzlement over the strange soundD. determination to fly in the sky59. What is the passage mainly about?A. The twins‘ frustrating experiences in the town.B. A special assembly called in the local post office.C. People‘s reaction to the arrival of the first telephone.D. A great celebration of the start of telephone service.Keys:56-59 CDACSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AI used to think ants knew what they were doing. The onesmarching across my kitchen counter looked so confident; I just figuredthey had a plan, knew where they were going and what needed to bedone. How else could ants organize highways, build elaborate nests,launch impressive attacks, and do all the other things ants do?Turns out I was wrong. Ants aren‘t clever little engineers, architects, or soldiersafter all --- at least not as individuals. When it comes to deciding what to do next, most ants don‘t have a clue. ―If you watch an ant try to accomplish something, you‘ll be impressed by how awkward it is,‖ says Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist at Stanford University.―Ants aren‘t smart,‖ Gordon says. ―Ant colonies are.‖ A colony can solve p roblems unthinkable for individual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source, assigning workers to different tasks, or defending a territory from neighbors. As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies they respond quickly and effectively to their environment. They do it with something called collective intelligence.Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How do the simple actions of individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group? How do hundreds of honey-bees make a critical decision about their hive(蜂巢)if many of them disagree? The collective abilities of such animals --- one of which grasps the big picture, but each of which contributes to the group‘s success --- seem miraculous even to the biologists who know them best. Yet during the past few decades, researchers have come up with fascinating insights.56. The author‘s former false impression about ants is that he thought them to be _______.A. smartB. awkwardC. elaborateD. creative57. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Ants will function as a single body once a decision is made by the commander.B. Ants are the only species which developed collective intelligence.C. The ant queen plays a role in managing ant workers besides laying eggs.D. An individual ant can‘t comprehend the whole process of a big movement.58. The paragraph following the passage will most probably deal with _______.A. where we can observe such fantastic behavior of antsB. which is the leading ant in charge of the actionC. how the collective intelligence worksD. what inspiration can be drawn from the collective abilitiesKEYS: 56-58 ADCSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)If your in-box is currently reporting unread messages in the hundreds or thousands, you might have a hard time believing the news: e-mail is on the decline.At first thought, that might seem to be the case. The incoming generation, after all, doesn‘t do e-mail. Oh, they might have an account. They use it only as we would use a fax machine: as a means to communicate with old-school folks like their parents or to fulfill the sign-up requirements of Web sites. They rarely check it, though.Today‘s instant electronic memos—such as texting and Facebook and Twitter messages—are more direct, more concentrated, more efficient. They go without the salutation (称呼语) and the signoff (签收); we already know the ―to‖ and ―from.‖ Many corporations are moving to messaging networks for exactly that reason: more signal, less noise and less time. This trend is further evidence that store-and-forward systems such as e-mail and voicemail are outdated. Instead of my leaving you a lengthy message that you pick up later, I can now send you an easily-read message that you can read—and respond to—on the go.The coming of the mobile era is responsible for the decline of e-mail. Instant written messages bring great convince to people. They can deal with them at about any time: before amovie, in a taxi, waiting for lunch. And because these messages are very brief, they‘re suitable for smart phonetyping.Does this mean e-mail is on its way to the dustbin of digital history? Not necessarily. E-mail still has certain advantages. On the other hand, tweets and texts feel ephemeral—you read them, then they‘re gone, into an endless string, e-mail still feels like something you have and that you can f ile, search and return to later. It‘s easy to imagine that it will continue to feel more appropriate for formal communications: agreements, important news, longer explanations.So, e-mail won‘t go away completely. Remember, we‘ve been through a transition (过度) like this not so long ago: when e-mail was on the rise, people said that postal mail was dead. That‘s not how it works. Postal mail found its smaller market, and so will e-mail. New technology rarely replaces old one completely; it just adds new alternatives.56. What would the incoming generation like to do with their e-mail accounts?A. Contact close friends.B. Send long messages.C. Fill in some forms.D. Communicate with their colleagues.57. Which of the following is mainly discussed in paragraphs 3 and 4?A. The possible reasons behind the decline of e-mail.B. The likes and dislikes of the young generation.C. The rapid development of e-communication channels.D. Evidence about the uncertain future of easily-consumed messages.58. What does the underlined word ―ephemeral‖ in paragraph 5 mean?A. Automatically-sending.B. Randomly-written.C. Hardly- recognized.D. Shortly-appearing.59. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. It‘s too early to determine the decline of e-mail.B. E-mail has reasons to exist on its own advantages.C. E-mail, just like postal mail has come to its end.D. We should feel sorry for the decline of e-mail.KEYS: 56-59CADBSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Like many other people, I love my smart phone, which keeps me connected with the larger world that can go anywhere with me. I also love my laptop，because it holds all of my writing and thoughts. In spite of this love of technology,I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices and truly communicate with others.On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the materials and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom, I have a rule —no laptop,iPads,phones,etc. When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy.Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. There‘s a bit of truth to that. Some students assume that I am anti-technology. There‘s no truth in tha t at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it, so I can relate to my students.The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course materials and the class discussion.I‘ve been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course materials beyond the classroom.I‘m not saying that I won‘t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the chan ge,I‘m sticking to my plan. A few hours oftechnology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.56. Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with____________.A. the course materialsB. the author‘s class regulationsC. discussion topicsD. others‘ misuse of technology57. Which of the following statements is true?A. The author made the rule in that he was against technology.B. The author made the rule mainly because of his unpleasant experiences.C. The author‘s history class received low assessment.D. The students think highly of the author‘s history class.58. According to the author, the use of technology in the classroom may ___________.A. allow students to get on well with each otherB. improve teaching and offer more helpC. help students to better understand complex themesD. prohibit students being involved in class59. What can we infer from the passage?A. The author will carry on the success in the future.B. Some students will be punished according to the rule.C. More and more students will be absent in history class.D. The author will help students concentrate on what they learn.KEYS:56-59 BDDASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When memory began for me, my grandfather (―Gramp‖) was past sixty. The little marks of laughter at the corners of his eyes were the product of a kindly and humorous nature. The years ofwork which had bent his shoulders had never reduced his humor or his love of a joke. Everywhere he went, Gramp made friends easily. At the end of half an hour you felt you had known him all your life. I soon learned that he hated to give orders, but that when he had to, he tried to make his orders sound like suggestions.One July morning, as he was leaving to go to the cornfield, he said: ―Edwin, you can pick up the potatoes in the field today if you want to do that.‖ Then he drove away with his horses. The day passed, and I did not have any desire to pick up potatoes. Evening came and the potatoes were still in the field. Gramp, dusty and tired, led the horses to get their drink.―How many potatoes did you pick up?‖ Gramp inquired. ―I didn‘t pick any.‖ ―Not any! Why?‖ ―You said I could pick them up if I wanted to. You didn‘t say I had to.‖ In the next few minutes, I learned a lesson I will not forget: when Gramp said I could if I wanted to, he meant that I should want to.My grandmother (―Gram‖) worked hard all day, washing clothes, cleaning the house, makin g butter, and even working in the field when help was scarce. In the evening, though, she was not too tired to read books from the community library. For more than forty years, Gram read aloud to Gramp almost every evening. In this way, she and Gramp learned about all the great battles of history and became familiar with the works of great authors and the lives of famous men.She also had a deep love of beauty. When she was almost seventy-five and had gone to live with one of her daughters, she spent a delightful morning washing dishes because, as she said, the beautiful pattern on the dishes gave her pleasure. The birds, the flowers, the clouds –– all that was beautiful around her ––pleased her. She was like the father of the French painter, Millet, who us ed to gather grass and show it to his son, saying, ―See how beautiful this is!‖In a pioneer society it is the harder qualities of mind and character that are of value. The softer virtues are considered unnecessary. Men and women struggling daily to earn a living are unable, even for a moment, to forget the business of preserving their lives. Only unusual people, like my grandparents, managed to keep the softer qualities in a world of daily struggle.56. Which of the following is TRUE about Gramp according to the passage?A. He wouldn‘t listen to others.B. He was difficult to get along with.C. He gave his suggestions in the form of orders.D. He was eager to learn.57. According to the author, “softer qualities” DON’T include the ability _____________.A. to earn a livingB. to find beauty in everyday lifeC. to stay curious about new thingsD. to stay positive in a world of daily struggle58. In the days of the writer‘s grandparents _____________.A. ―softer qualities‖ were thought necessary but oft en ignoredB. ―harder qualities‖ were much harder to keep than ―softer qualities‖C. average people found it a piece of cake to earn a livingD. not all people understood how to appreciate beauty in life59. What‘s the most suitable title for the passage?A. Life of My GrandparentsB. Harder Qualities VS Softer QualitiesC. Stay Soft in a Hard WorldD. An Unforgettable PersonKeys:56-59 DADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）At first glance Esther Okade seems like a normal 10-year-old. She loves dressing up as Elsa from ―Frozen‖, playing with Barbie dolls and going to the park or shopping. But what makes the British-Nigerian youngster stand out is the fact that she‘s also a university student.Esther, from Walsall, an industrial town in the UK‘s West Midlands region, is one of the country‘s youngest college freshmen. The talented 10-year-old enrolled at the Open University in January and is already top of the class, having recently scored 100% in an exam.―It‘s so interesting and super easy,‖ she laughs. ―My mum taught me in a nice way.‖ She adds: ―I want to finish the course in two years. Then I‘m going to do my PhD in financial maths。

2017年上海市徐汇区中考英语模拟试卷（4月份）一、Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力）I. Listening Comprehension （听力理解）：（共30分）1．（6分）Listen and choose the right picture （根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）1．2．3．4．5．6．．B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear （根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）：（共8分）7．（1分）A）On the 1st floor．B）On the 3rd floor．C）On the 6th floor．D）On the 8th floor．8．（1分）A）At the airport．B）At the bus stop．C）At the train station．D）At the subway station．9．（1分）A）On foot．B）By taxi．C）By bike．D）By bus．10．（1分）A）Buying some cold drinks．B）Cleaning his room．C）Having a barbecue．D）Meeting Jenny．11．（1分）A）On Thursday．B）On Friday．C）On Saturday．D）On Sunday．12．（1分）A）The orange one．B）The pink one．C）The blue one．D）The green one．13．（1分）A）By using some magic．B）By taking a yoga course．C）By going on a diet．D）By calling himself Tim．14．（1分）A）Because they didn't recognize her．B）Because they met a famous actress．C）Because the woman performed well．D）Because the play made them happy．C. Listen to the letter and tell whether the following statements are true or false （判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容，符合的用“A”表示，不符合的用“B”表示）：（共6分）15．（1分）It was a letter to Daisy about Jason's first day at his new school．16．（1分）Jason was excited because there are many students in the new school．17．（1分）Jason's class teacher is Mrs．Black and she is a young and friendly lady．18．（1分）Jason has made friends with a nice boy from Hong Kong．19．（1分）Everyone in the school must learn Spanish as a second language．20．（1分）Jason has to do much maths homework on the Internet on the first day．D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences （听短文，完成下列内容．每空格限填一词）：（共10分）21．（10分）21．Ronald Dahl was born on，1916 in South Wales．22．Young Dahl didn't because many teachers were very strict．23．Every few months，chocolate were sent to Repton for the students to test．24．The happy memory gave Dahl the idea for his novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory．25．During the Second World War，Dahl in a burning plane on his first flight．二、Part 2 Phonetics，Vocabulary and Grammar（第二部分语音、词汇和语法）II. Choose the best answer （选择最恰当的答案）：（共20分）26．（1分）Which of the following words matches the sound/nju：/？（）A．now B．nor C．new D．near27．（1分）Brooklyn Beckham，________ eldest child of the Beckhams，will sell his photo book in May，2017．（）A．a B．an C．the D．/28．（1分）Nobody can stop a person with a strong will ________ realizing his dreams．（）A．of B．from C．with D．by29．（1分）If they don't prepare ________ well for the interview，they may fail to get the offer．（）A．they B．them C．theirs D．themselves30．（1分）When Frank complained about the cold winter，Jane________ the sunnysummer days in Australia．（）A．enjoys B．was enjoying C．has enjoyed D．will enjoy31．（1分）Joe can only take two of his family members into the studio and leave ________ waiting outside．（）A．the others B．others C．other D．the other32．（1分）________ the end of yesterday，there had been more than 10car accidents because of the typhoon．（）A．By B．From C．At D．To33．（1分）The old ________ enjoy the convenience of technologies because they don't accept new things quickly．（）A．mustn't B．needn't C．can't D．shouldn't34．（1分）The panda ________ to get used to the new environment since he returned from America．（）A．learns B．is learning C．learned D．has learnt35．（1分）The audience were attracted by ________ the stories and the readings at the new program"Readers"．（）A．both B．neither C．either D．none36．（1分）After the operation on Grandma's heart，she becomes much ________ at present．（）A．good B．well C．better D．best37．（1分）Every picture in the coloring book Secret Garden was not drawn by computer ________ all by hand．（）A．and B．so C．but D．or38．（1分）The year's best picture was wrongly awarded to La La Land，which ________ never ________ before．（）A．would…happen B．was…happeningC．has…happened D．had…happened39．（1分）A：________ can we get the chance to join the party？B：To join this party，you have to dress up like a Superhero．（）A．Why B．What C．How D．Where40．（1分）Jenny is an independent girl and she is considering ________ a boarding school（寄宿学校）．（）A．enter B．entering C．to enter D．entered41．（1分）Every Monday morning all the staff members have a meeting to report their recent work，________？（）A．haven't they B．don't they C．aren't they D．won't they42．（1分）Alex had no interest in painting ________ he met a creative and patient art teacher one day．（）A．when B．because C．until D．if43．（1分）________ good chance those teenagers were given to experience different cultures!（）A．How B．What C．What a D．What an44．（1分）A：The dishes you cooked tonight are really delicious．B：________（）A．Of course! B．I'm glad you like them!C．That's all right! D．Never mind!45．（1分）A：Excuse me，can I ask you some questions about the changes in Shanghai？B：________（）A．Sure，go ahead! B．Congratulations!C．I am so sorry! D．Nice to meet you！三、III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once（将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每个单词或词组只能填一次）：（共8分）46．（4分）The Origins of April Fools DayWhat is April Fools Day and where does it come from？It is commonly believed that in medieval（中世纪）France，New Year was celebrated on 1April．Then in 1562，a new calendar was introduced，changing New Year to 1January．With no modern （46），news travelled slowly and new ideas were often questioned．Many people did not（47）the change，while some just forgot．These people were called fools．People send invitations to‘New Year'parties that were not existed andother jokes were played．Then a（48）of playing jokes on April 1st started．The custom finally（49）to England and Scotland，and it was later transported across the Atlantic to the American and the French．April Fools Day has now developed into an international festival of fun，with different nationalities celebrating the day in special ways．50．（4分）April Fools Day around the WorldIn France and Italy，if someone plays a trick on you，you are the‘fish of April'．By the month of April fish have only just hatched（孵化）and are easy to （50）．Children stick paper fish to their friends'backs and chocolate fish are found in the shops．In Scotland，April Fools Day lasts for two days!The second day is called‘Taily Day'．Often a sign saying‘kick me'is stuck onto someone's back without （51）．Today，Americans and the British play small tricks on friends and（52）on April 1st．A common trick is to point to a friend's shoe and say"Your shoe is not tied．"When they look down，they are laughed at．Schoolchildren might tell a friend that school has been cancelled．A bag of flour might be（53）on the top of a door so that when the‘victim'opens the door，the flour empties over their head．Most April Fool jokes are in good fun and not meant to harm anyone．The best trick is the one where everyone laughs，especially the person upon whom the joke has been played．四、IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子）：（共8分）54．（1分）We all hope that those baby pandas in the zoo can grow up．（happy）55．（1分）After the 1000meters'race，I could hardly move my．（foot）56．（1分）Jeff keeps running every day and he looks than hisclassmates．（strong）57．（1分）People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival on different dates．It is on May the this year．（thirty）58．（1分）It is of some online store sellers to lie about the quality （质量）of their products．（honest）59．（1分）Tim visits his junior high school teachers every Teachers'Day to express his．（thankful）60．（1分）Since last year，the new medicine has successfully helped to many people's lives．（safety）61．（1分）With the help of that famous，the bridge construction was completed on time．（engine）五、V. Complete the following sentences as required（根据所给要求，完成下列句子．（62-67题）每空格限填一词）：（共14分）62．（2分）He forgot to lock up the door to the cage and accidentally let the tiger escape．（改为一般疑问句）he to lock up the door to the cage and accidentally let the tiger escape？63．（2分）Mr．Wang will introduce Shanghai to all the foreign guests at the welcome party．（对划线部分提问）Mr．Wang introduce to all the foreign guests at the welcome party？64．（2分）They usually store these fishes in the fridge to keep them fresh．（改为被动语态）These fishes usually in the fridge to keep them fresh．65．（2分）Ian promises the technology of his invention is not harmful to the human body．（保持句意基本不变）Ian promises the technology of his invention does to the human body．66．（2分）Professor Tenor's lecture on universe is very difficult．Many people can't understand it．（合并两句为一句）Professor Tenor's lecture on universe is difficult for many people understand．67．（2分）This warning sign tells us not to pick flowers．（保持句意基本不变）This warning sign says，"flowers!"68．（2分）a plan，made，before Friday，the staff，work out，the manager （连词成句）．七、Part 3 Reading and Writing （第三部分读写）VI. Reading comprehension （阅读理解）：（共50分）A.Choose the best answer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案）：（12分）69．（12分）Cool，amazing，unforgettable…somethingmoney can't buy!These are all words which students have used to describe their HOST visits．But a word they never use is"expensive"．Why not？Because HOST visits are FREE．Our wonderful hosts are not paid．They lovegiving international students very special 1987．Thousands of students have enjoyed this experience．5reasons to have a HOST visit •It is a unique oppor tunity to experience the real life of Britain．•It is safe﹣﹣﹣all the hosts areknown by HOST．•It may cost you only your trainfare．•You will learn things which the university cannot teach you．You can apply for a HOST visit if you are：•A full﹣time student in the UK．HOST cannot accept applications from outside the UK．•Aged 18+•You can include your husband，wife，partner，children﹣if they are living in the UK during your study period．HOST cannot accept applications from visiting family members or friends．69．This advertisement is probably for to read．A）travel agentsB）news reportersC）international studentsD）hotel managers70．Which of the following words cannot be used to describe HOST visits？A）Amazing．B）Expensive．C）Unforgettable．D）Surprising．71．The word"them"in the sentence"They love giving international students very special memories of the UK to take home with them．"refer to．A）international studentsB）wonderful hostsC）travel costsD）HOST visits72．People who are interested can learn from this advertisement．A）how to apply for a HOST visitB）who can apply for a HOST visitC）how to pay for their HOST visitsD）where they can find wonderful hosts73．The main purpose of the HOST program is to enable students to．A）visit different places in the UKB）save money on travelling costC）make full use of their stay in the UKD）be more open minded and active74．The HOST program is suitable for．A）Vickie，a sixteen﹣year﹣old exchange school studentB）Samuel，an active and popular online fashion bloggerC）Fang，a visiting friend of Diana from Hong KongD）Osaki，an easy﹣going Japanese student of Oxford University．B.Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）：（12分）75．（12分）When I entered Berkley，I hoped to win a scholarship（奖学金）．As a Straight﹣A student all the way through，I believed I could take tough subjects and really learn something．One such course was World Literature given by Professor Jayne．I was very interested in the ideas he taught in class．When I took the first exam，I was shocked to find a 77，C﹣plus，on my test paper，for English was always my best subject．I went to Professor Jayne，who listened to my （75）but he refused to do anything about it．I decided to try harder，（76）I didn't know what that meant because school always seemed easy for me．I read the books more carefully，but got another 77．Again，I reasoned with Professor Jayne．Again，he listened patiently but wouldn't （77）．One more test before the final exam．So I worked even harder and，for the first time，learned the meaning of the word"thorough"．But my effort did no good and（78）stayed as before．The last chance was the final．No matter what grade I got，it wouldn't cancel three C ﹣pluses．I might as well kiss the scholarship goodbye．I stopped working hard．I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would．The night before the final，I even relaxed to a（79）．The next day I decided for once I'd have fun with a test．A week later，I was surprised to find I got an A．I hurried into Professor Jayne's office．He seemed to be expecting me．"If I gave you the grade as you（80），you wouldn't continue to work hard．"I stared at him，realizing what he said was correct．I had worked my head off，as I had never done before．I was surprised when my course grade arrived：A﹣plus．It was the only A﹣plus given．The next year I received my scholarship．I've always remembered Professor Jayne's lesson：you alone must set your own standard of excellence．75．A）speeches B）replies C）arguments D）conclusions 76．A）although B）unless C）if D）when 77．A）communicate with me B）look after me C）get rid of it D）changehis mind 78．A）anything B）something C）everything D）nothing 79．A）test B）movie C）trick D）survey 80．A）expected B）volunteered C）realized D）selected．C.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：（14分）81．（14分）It is never easy when a friend doesn't tell the truth．This is something that hurts the person who has been lied to and f（81）it ends up hurting the person who did the lying as well．Lying is never something that is easy to forget oreven to forgive．But it is something that you should try to understand so that you can be a better friend．Usually，friends lie because of the way that they are feeling．If a friend feels inferior to（比…差）another person，he might make up stories so that he can get more a （82）．If your friend is lying to you for this reason，it might be a good idea to talk to your friend and make him understand that he doesn't need to feel that way．There are times when a friend might lie to try not getting into trouble．For example，if a friend knows he has been doing something you d（83），or if he now regrets what he has said or done，he might want to lie about it so that you won't be angry with him．The best way to deal with this situation is to get to the bottom of what might have happened，and make sure that you are being h（84）with your friend about everything that you do and the fact that lying hurts．S（85），a friend lies for other reasons．One of these reasons might be to protect your feelings．For example，he might lie about h（86）silly you look or what stupid words you have said．You must decide if truthfulness（真实）is more important than your feelings in this type of situation．Many times，friends don't lie to hurt each other．Perhaps they know that the truth might make you mad at them，and they just don't want to lose your f （87）．The best way to deal with lying is to talk to your friends calmly，and get the truth．D. Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题）：（12分）88．（12分）Researchers from two universities in Britain recently carried out a very interesting project．They aimed to find out what modern family needs from their home．The lucky family chosen to take part in the project was the Joneses：parents Paul and Eve and their two sons，Jimmy （16）and Harry （13）．They have just spent two months living in a specially designed hi﹣tech future house，where cameras recorded everything they did．TV while you batheSo what's in this modern house？It boasts （夸耀）five bedrooms and five bathrooms．The sitting area has a huge TV and a digital picture frame﹣﹣﹣you candecide which photos you want to appear and change the picture as often as you like．The baths all have waterproof TV screens and DVD players．There is a remote control（遥控器）in every room which controls everything in the house from the lights to the cooker．The floors are all made of glass and all have underfloor heating．The windows clean themselves and there is even a robot called"Iron Man"to do the ironing．Dirty washing goes into a lift which takes the clothes automatically to the washing machine．The"Iron Man"then does all the ironing．So how did it go？The Jones family were over the moon to be chosen to spend some time in the house．Here's what they said：Paul：It was great．The house was so comfortable．One day our friends called round with their dog．The dog felt so warm and comfortable；he even slept on the floor!Oh，but there was one problem．One night we were all in bed and all the lights switched themselves on for no reason．It was a bit frightening!Jimmy：I loved it，but I wish there had been a robot to help me with my homework．Harry：Staying in was as much fun as going out!Eve：I loved the TV in the bath but I never watched it before going to work in the morning．If I did，I don't think I'd ever get out!The Jones family are now back in their very ordinary home，but planning some hi﹣tech additions as soon as they can afford them!The experts hope that results from their project will help developers meet the needs of a 21st﹣century family．One of the experts wrote a few sentences about his findings on this project：After watching what the Jones family did in the house and listening to how they felt about their life there，we learn thatAfter watching what the Jones family did in the house and listening to how they felt about their life there，we learn that88．Who carried out this interesting project？．89．Why was the project carried out in a specially designed hi﹣tech future house？．90．What does the remote control in every room enable people to do？．91．Which does the washing in this future house，the robot or the washingmachine？．92．How did the Jones family feel about their experience in the house？．93．What will the expert possible write about his findings？Please help him complete his note．七、VII. Writing：（20分）94．（20分）Write a passage on the topic"A party for/to"in at least 60words．请设计一个主题派对，并以"派对"为题介绍派对主题、对象及活动内容等，写一篇至少60个字的短文，（标点符号不占格）（注意：短文中不得出现任何人名、校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分．）The following is for reference only．（以下内容仅供参考）•organize•it is to…•invite…to…•be able to…2017年上海市徐汇区中考英语模拟试卷（4月份）参考答案与试题解析一、Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力）I. Listening Comprehension （听力理解）：（共30分）1．（6分）Listen and choose the right picture （根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）1．G2．D3．C4．H5．B6．F．【解答】GDCHBFB. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear （根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）：（共8分）7．（1分）A）On the 1st floor．B）On the 3rd floor．C）On the 6th floor．D）On the 8th floor．【解答】D8．（1分）A）At the airport．B）At the bus stop．C）At the train station．D）At the subway station．【解答】C9．（1分）A）On foot．B）By taxi．C）By bike．D）By bus．【解答】D10．（1分）A）Buying some cold drinks．B）Cleaning his room．C）Having a barbecue．D）Meeting Jenny．【解答】B11．（1分）A）On Thursday．B）On Friday．C）On Saturday．D）On Sunday．【解答】C12．（1分）A）The orange one．B）The pink one．C）The blue one．D）The green one．【解答】A13．（1分）A）By using some magic．B）By taking a yoga course．C）By going on a diet．D）By calling himself Tim．【解答】B14．（1分）A）Because they didn't recognize her．B）Because they met a famous actress．C）Because the woman performed well．D）Because the play made them happy．【解答】CC. Listen to the letter and tell whether the following statements are true or false （判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容，符合的用“A”表示，不符合的用“B”表示）：（共6分）15．（1分）It was a letter to Daisy about Jason's first day at his new school．【解答】A16．（1分）Jason was excited because there are many students in the new school．【解答】B17．（1分）Jason's class teacher is Mrs．Black and she is a young and friendly lady．【解答】A18．（1分）Jason has made friends with a nice boy from Hong Kong．【解答】A19．（1分）Everyone in the school must learn Spanish as a second language．【解答】B20．（1分）Jason has to do much maths homework on the Internet on the first day．【解答】BD. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences （听短文，完成下列内容．每空格限填一词）：（共10分）21．（10分）21．Ronald Dahl was born on September 13th，1916 in South Wales．22．Young Dahl didn't enjoy school because many teachers were very strict．23．Every few months，boxes of chocolate were sent to Repton for the students to test．24．The happy memory gave Dahl the idea for his most famous novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory．25．During the Second World War，Dahl almost died in a burning plane on his first flight．【解答】21．September 13th22．enjoy school23．boxes of24．most famous25．almost died二、Part 2 Phonetics，Vocabulary and Grammar（第二部分语音、词汇和语法）II. Choose the best answer （选择最恰当的答案）：（共20分）26．（1分）Which of the following words matches the sound/nju：/？（）A．now B．nor C．new D．near【解答】答案：C．考查语音．A．now[nau]现在．B．nor[nɔ：]也不．C．new[nju：]新的．D．near[niə]附近．根据所给音标/nju：/，可知，答案是C．27．（1分）Brooklyn Beckham，________ eldest child of the Beckhams，will sell his photo book in May，2017．（）A．a B．an C．the D．/【解答】答案：C．考查冠词．句意"布鲁克林•贝克汉姆是小贝夫妇的长子，将在2017年5月出售他的相片书．"．eldest最年长的，最高级形式，前面通常加定冠词the．答案是C．28．（1分）Nobody can stop a person with a strong will ________ realizing his dreams．（）【解答】答案：B 根据Nobody can stop a person with a strong will没有人能阻止一个有坚强意志的人，结合后文的realizing，推测意思是没有人能阻止一个有坚强意志的人实现他的梦想．即固定短语stop…from…，故选B from后接动名词．29．（1分）If they don't prepare ________ well for the interview，they may fail to get the offer．（）A．they B．them C．theirs D．themselves【解答】答案：D．考查物主代词．句意：如果他们自己没有准备好面试，他们可能无法得到这个职位．这是if引导的条件状语从句．从句的主语是they他们，意思为如果他们自己没有准备好面试，可知应该用反身代词themselves他们自己．prepare for为…做准备，是固定搭配．故选D．30．（1分）When Frank complained about the cold winter，Jane________ the sunny summer days in Australia．（）A．enjoys B．was enjoying C．has enjoyed D．will enjoy【解答】答案：B．结合when引导的时间状语从句，故后面表达的是过去正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时was/were+doing，主语Jane，故was，故答案是B．31．（1分）Joe can only take two of his family members into the studio and leave ________ waiting outside．（）A．the others B．others C．other D．the other【解答】答案：A．the others的意思是"特指别的一些人或物"；others是other的复数形式，意思是"别的，其他的"；other的意思是"别的，其他的"；the other的意思是"特指两者中的另一个"；根据"Joe can only take two of his family members into the studio"乔只能带两个家人进入这个工作室，看来家人比较多，因此可知这句话的意思是"乔只能带两个家人进入这个工作室，其他的人只能在外面等着．"，表特指，综上所述，故选A．32．（1分）________ the end of yesterday，there had been more than 10car accidents because of the typhoon．（）【解答】答案：B 根据there had been more than 10car accidents because of the typhoon由于台风，已经有10多起汽车交通事故了．这是一个过去完成时态，结合选项，推测意思是到昨天为止，即用by，通常与完成时连用，故选A，意思是到昨天为止，由于台风，已经有10多起汽车交通事故了．33．（1分）The old ________ enjoy the convenience of technologies because they don't accept new things quickly．（）A．mustn't B．needn't C．can't D．shouldn't【解答】答案：C．mustn't不可以；needn't不必；can't不可能；shouldn't不应该．根据they don't accept new things quickly，可知他们不能迅速地接受新事物，所以老年人不能享受技术的便利．这里用can't．故选C．34．（1分）The panda ________ to get used to the new environment since he returned from America．（）A．learns B．is learning C．learned D．has learnt【解答】答案：D．结合since he returned from America可知动作发生在过去，持续了一段时间，故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，主语the panda，故has，故答案是D．35．（1分）The audience were attracted by ________ the stories and the readings at the new program"Readers"．（）A．both B．neither C．either D．none【解答】答案：A．both的意思是"两者都"；neither的意思是"两者都不"；either的意思是"两只之中的任何一个"；none的意思是"三者或三者以上都不"；根据"the stories and the readings"故事和阅读，指的是两者，因此可知这句话的意思是"观众被"郎读者"这个新节目的故事和阅读吸引住了．"，综上所述，故选A．36．（1分）After the operation on Grandma's heart，she becomes much ________ at present．（）A．good B．well C．better D．best【解答】答案：C．考查比较级．句意"奶奶心脏手术后，她现在变得好多了．"．A 好的．B好．C更好地．D最好地．结合语境"奶奶心脏手术后，她现在变得___．"，可知，现在的身体情况与之前的身体情况比较，两者比较用比较级形式，这里用副词比较级better更好地修饰动词becomes．选C．37．（1分）Every picture in the coloring book Secret Garden was not drawn by computer ________ all by hand．（）A．and B．so C．but D．or【解答】答案：C 根据was not drawn by computer 不是用电脑画的，结合选项，推测意思是彩色书《秘密花园》里的每一张图片不是用电脑画的，而是手工画的．联想到固定短语not…but…，故选C而是，但是．A和，B因此，D或者，否则38．（1分）The year's best picture was wrongly awarded to La La Land，which ________ never ________ before．（）A．would…happen B．was…happeningC．has…happened D．had…happened【解答】答案：D．过去完成时的构成是：had+过去分词，表示在过去的某个动作或时间以前发生完成的动作，根据"The year's best picture was wrongly awarded to La La Land，"年度最佳图片奖错误的颁给了《爱乐之城》，这是发生在过去的一个动作，又根据后面句子的时间状语是before，意思是"以前"，因此可知这个句子要用过去完成时，因此可知这句话的意思是"年度最佳图片奖错误的颁给了《爱乐之城》，这是以前从来没有发生过的．"综上所述，故选D．39．（1分）A：________ can we get the chance to join the party？B：To join this party，you have to dress up like a Superhero．（）A．Why B．What C．How D．Where【解答】答案：C．dress up like a Superhero""，要想加入这个聚会，你必须得打扮的像一个超人．因此可知这句话的意思是"A：我们如何才能有机会加入这个聚会呢？"综上所述，故选C．40．（1分）Jenny is an independent girl and she is considering ________ a boarding school（寄宿学校）．（）A．enter B．entering C．to enter D．entered【解答】答案：B．根据Jenny is an independent girl and she is considering ________ a boarding school （寄宿学校），可知詹妮是一个独立的女孩，她正在考虑上寄宿学校．这里consider doing sth表示考虑做某事，后面跟动词的ing形式．故选B．41．（1分）Every Monday morning all the staff members have a meeting to report their recent work，________？（）A．haven't they B．don't they C．aren't they D．won't they【解答】答案：B．考查反意疑问句．结合Every Monday morning all the staff members have a meeting to report their recent work，可知陈述部分是肯定形式，因此疑问部分用否定形式．根据have，可知是一般现在时态，而且是一个实义动词，人称是they，因此用助动词don't．故选B．42．（1分）Alex had no interest in painting ________ he met a creative and patient art teacher one day．（）A．when B．because C．until D．if【解答】答案：C 根据Alex had no interest in painting．Alex对绘画没有兴趣，结合选项，推测意思是Alex直到有一天遇到了一位有创新的耐心的艺术老师才对绘画有兴趣．联想到固定短语no（not）…until…直到才，故选C直到．A当…的时候，B因为，D如果，是否43．（1分）________ good chance those teenagers were given to experience different【解答】答案：C．英语中的感叹句要由what和how来引导，其句型是：How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语+其他!What+（a/an）+形容词+名词+主语+谓语+其他!根据所给的单词，形容词是good，名词chance可数名词单数，good是以辅音音素开头的，这里应该加不定冠词a，所以应用what a来感叹，故选C．44．（1分）A：The dishes you cooked tonight are really delicious．B：________（）A．Of course! B．I'm glad you like them!C．That's all right! D．Never mind!【解答】答案：B．考查常用日常交际用语．句意：你今晚做的菜真的很好吃．我很高兴你喜欢它们．Of course!当然；I'm glad you like them!我很高兴你喜欢它们．That's all right!没关系；Never mind!不介意．根据题干The dishes you cooked tonight are really delicious．你今晚做的菜真的很好吃．可知应说我很高兴你喜欢它们．故选B．45．（1分）A：Excuse me，can I ask you some questions about the changes in Shanghai？B：________（）A．Sure，go ahead! B．Congratulations!C．I am so sorry! D．Nice to meet you！【解答】答案：A．考查常用日常交际用语．句意：打扰一下，我能问你一些关于上海变化的问题吗？当然，问吧．Sure，go ahead!当然，问吧．Congratulations!祝贺你；I am so sorry!我很抱歉；Nice to meet you很高兴遇见你．根据题干Excuse me，can I ask you some questions about the changes in Shanghai？打扰一下，我能问你一些关于上海变化的问题吗？可知结合选项，应说当然，问吧．故选A．三、III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once（将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每个单词或词组只能填一次）：（共8分）The Origins of April Fools DayWhat is April Fools Day and where does it come from？It is commonly believed that in medieval（中世纪）France，New Year was celebrated on 1April．Then in 1562，a new calendar was introduced，changing New Year to 1January．With no modern （46）C，news travelled slowly and new ideas were often questioned．Many people did not（47）E the change，while some just forgot．These people were called fools．People send invitations to‘New Year'parties that were not existed and other jokes were played．Then a（48）A of playing jokes on April 1st started．The custom finally（49）D to England and Scotland，and it was later transported across the Atlantic to the American and the French．April Fools Day has now developed into an international festival of fun，with different nationalities celebrating the day in special ways．【解答】46﹣49 CEAD46题答案：C 考查名词填空．根据后面news travelled slowly and new ideas were often questioned消息传播得很慢，新的思想经常受到质疑．前面应该是没有现代的通讯方式，所以消息传播得很慢，故答案是C．46题答案：E 考查动词填空．根据前面With no modern communication，news travelled slowly and new ideas were often questioned没有现代通讯、信息传播很慢，新的思想也经常受到质疑．及后面These people were called fools这些人被称作为傻瓜，所以后面应该是许多人听不到的变化，助动词did后面要用动词原型，故答案是E．46题答案：A 考查名词填空．根据后面playing jokes on April 1st started在开玩笑4月1日开始了，及后面的传到了英国和苏格兰，这里应该是一个传统的开玩笑，故答案是A．46题答案：D 考查动词填空．根据后面England and Scotland英国和苏格兰，应该是蔓延，传播到英国和苏格兰，考查固定短语spread to蔓延到；波及，故答案是D．。

2016学年第二学期徐汇区高三模拟考英语试卷2017.4I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He knows who is knocking. B. He is eager to know who it is.2. C. He doesn’t want to open the door. D. He is ready to open the door.3. A. By plane. B. By bus. C. By taxi. D. By train.4. A. $100. B. $200. C. $300. D.$400.5. A. She went to cinema. B. She went to an exhibition.6. C. She stayed at home. D. She stayed with her classmates.7. A. In a doctor’s office. B. In a professor’s office.8. C. In an operating room. D. In an emergency ward.9. A. The man paid the tuition for learning physics. B. The man got a lot of moneyfor his hard work.10.C. His hard work was not rewarding at all. D. His work before the test led to agood result.11.A. A furnished house. B. A recent book. C. A further study. D. A newrecord.12.A. They will go swimming. B. They will climb mountains.13.C. They will buy some clothes. D. They will forecast the weatherconditions.14.A. He has another lecture to attend.15.B. He has no interest in the lecture.16.C. He’s attended the same lecture given by Professor Wil son before.17.D. He might miss the lecture, if the woman didn’t remind him.18.A. She fully agrees with the man. B. They are uncertain about theweather.19.C. She disagrees with the man. D. She thought the man was alwayslate.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. People are encouraged to be a craftsman.12.B. Learning woodworking is not as hard as you think.13.C. Learning woodworking will help you know more people.14.D. Taking a class in woodworking will be very helpful.15.A. Because I am a talent in this art and want to share it with others.16.B. Because I am interested in it and want to show it to others.17.C. Because I wonder how to pick materials and how to do it well.18.D. Because it’s a good way to know more people interested in it.19.A. You can expect to do woodworking perfectly the very first time.20.B. Doing woodworking means being alone for long.21.C. You can also learn from other people interested in woodworking.22.D. Taking a class in woodworking costs a lot of money.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.23.A. To analyze causes and effects of using a credit card.24.B. To encourage people to borrow money from banks.25.C. To let people know the responsibility in using a credit card.26.D. To present the effect of computers in popularizing the use of credit cards.27.A. The development of computers.28.B. People’s greediness for more money.29.C. People’s needs for less paper money.30.D. People’s learning to be more responsible.31.A. To learn to be responsible by using credit cards.32.B. To stop using credit cards and borrow money from friends or relatives.33.C. To pay money back as fast as possible after using credit cards.34.D. To stop borrowing money and use your own funds for shopping. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.35.A. A newspaper. B. An advertisement company.36.C. A cleanup company. D. A market.37.A. She wants to spare more room for something new.38.B. She wants to turn their old stuff into cash at a low cost.39.C. She knows that the sales consultant before the man does.40.D. She just wants to clean up their house.41.A. Rudy is likely to buy their stuff.42.B. Rudy will come and take their stuff away.43.C. Rudy plays guitar as well as the man.44.D. Rudy will help them with the ad and the sale.45.A. His old guitar. B. Their appliances, jewelry, furniture andexercise equipment.46.C. The spring cleanup sale. D. The low cost of ad and friendly service. II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it (21) _____ it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs (22) ______（become）a doctor. Most training is concerned (23) _____ technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords（声带）would be inadequate without (24) ______（control）muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm, (25) ______ are two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists (26) ______（spare）this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for (27) ______ . But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.The problem (28) ______（face）student conductors is that they have to learn to know every note of the music and (29) ______ it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music (30) ______ they can enjoy performing works written in any century.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Dear Admissions Committee,I had the pleasure of teaching Sara in her 11th grade honors English class at Mark Twain High School. From the first day of class, Sara impressed me with her ability to clearly explain difficult (31) _______ and texts, her sensitivity to the slight differences within literature, and her passion for reading, writing, and creative expression— both in and out of the classroom. Sara is a talented literary critic and poet, and she has my highest (32) _______ as a student and writer.Sara is talented at considering the elegances within literature and the (33) ______ behind authors' works. She produced an extraordinary year-long thesis paper on creative identity development, in which she compared works from three different time periods and synthesized cultural and historical (34) _______ to inform her analysis. When called upon to give her thesis defense in front of her peers, Sara spoke clearly and (35) _______ about her conclusions and responded to questions in a thoughtful way. Outside of the classroom, Sara is devoted to her literary pursuits, especially to poetry. She publishes her poetry in our school's literary magazine, as well as in online magazines.She is an insightful, sensitive, and deeply self-aware individual driven to (36)______art, writing, and a deeper understanding of the human condition.Throughout the year Sara was an active participant in our discussions, and she always supported her peers. Her caring nature and personality allow her to work well with others in a team setting, as she always respects others' opinions even when they differ from her own. When we held a class debate about gun laws, Sara chose to speak for the side opposite her own views. She explained her choice as (37) _______ by a desire to put herself in other people's shoes, view the issues from a new perspective, and gain a clearer sense of the issue from all angles. Throughout the year, Sara (38) _______ this openness to the opinions, feelings, and perspectives of others, along with sharp powers of observation, all (39) _______ that make her outstanding as a student of literature and burgeoning writer.I am certain that Sara is going to continue to do great and creative things in her future. I highly recommend her for admission to your undergraduate program. She is talented, caring, dedicated, and focused in her pursuits. Sara consistently seeks out (40) _______ feedback so she can improve her writing skills, which is a rare and impressive quality in a high school student. Sara is truly a stand-out individual who will impress everyone she meets. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions at callmeclemens@.Sincerely,Ms. ScribeEnglish TeacherMark Twain High SchoolIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing (41)______ that theworld is becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two-thirds of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which (42)______ to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it was before machines and (43)______ appeared in the late 1700s. The United States (44) ______ entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and (45)______ for the future.“This is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is (46)______ for the world,” Ban said in his opening remarks.He praised the (47)______ for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but (48)______ the outcome remained uncertain.“We are still in a race (49)______ time. We need to move on to a low-emission and climate-sustainable future,” Ban added.Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, has come into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to (50)_____ a problem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sea levels (51)______and transforming vast areas into desert.“(52)______ the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simple sign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is (53)______ positive,” said Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.Scientists and (54)______ say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently (55) ______ the majority of the planet’s energy needs and also are the primary dri vers of global warming.41.A. applicants B. fears C. observations D. comments42.A. seeks B. allows C. assumes D. seizes43.A. institutions B. laboratories C. committees D.factories44.A. formally B. instantly C. particularly D. generally45.A. prejudices B. approaches C. visions D. concepts46.A. spiritual B. historic C. appropriate D. valueless47.A. agreements B. groups C. headquarters D. emissions48.A. apologized B. denied C. warned D.overlooked49.A. against B. on C. for D. without50.A. avoid B. find C. address D. ignore51.A. falling B. rising C. disappearing D. remaining52.A. Until B. Since C. If D. While53.A. under no circumstances B. on the contraryC. in no caseD. by all means54.A. officers B. policymakers C. employers D. technicians55.A. remove B. preserve C. supply D. restoreSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AI used to think ants knew what they were doing. The onesmarching across my kitchen counter looked so confident; I justfigured they had a plan, knew where they were going and whatneeded to be done. How else could ants organize highways, buildelaborate nests, launch impressive attacks, and do all the other things ants do?Turns out I was wrong. Ants aren’t clever little engineers, ar chitects, or soldiersafter all --- at least not as individuals. When it comes to deciding what to do next, most ants don’t have a clue. “If you watch an ant try to accomplish something, you’ll be impressed by how awkward it is,” says Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist at Stanford University.“Ants aren’t smart,” Gordon says. “Ant colonies are.” A colony can solve problems unthinkable for individual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source, assigning workers to different tasks, or defending a territory from neighbors. As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies they respond quickly and effectively to their environment. They do it with something called collective intelligence.Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How do the simple actions of individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group? How do hundreds of honey-bees make a critical decision about their hive (蜂巢)if many of them disagree? The collective abilities of such animals --- one of which grasps the big picture, but each of which contributes to the group’s success --- seem miraculous even to the biologists who know them best. Yet during the past few decades, researchers have come up with fascinating insights.56.The author’s former false impression about ants is that he thought them to be_______.57.A. smart B. awkward C. elaborate D. creative58.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?59.A. Ants will function as a single body once a decision is made by the commander.60.B. Ants are the only species which developed collective intelligence.61.C. The ant queen plays a role in managing ant workers besides laying eggs.62.D. An individual ant can’t comprehend the whole process of a big movement.63.The paragraph following the passage will most probably deal with _______.64.A. where we can observe such fantastic behavior of ants65.B. which is the leading ant in charge of the action66.C. how the collective intelligence works67.D. what inspiration can be drawn from the collective abilitiesBThe idea of using radio or wireless to broadcast to audiences was formed in 1916 by a president of the American Marconi Company, DavidSarnoff. His superiors were doubtful about his idea to “make radio a household cause, so that by purchase of a ‘radio music box’, the audience could enjoy lectures, music performance, etc.”Four years later the American engineer Frank Conrad, an employee at W E Corp, attracted considerable attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal radio sets to his evening and weekend amateur broadcasts.A local music store had provided records to play on the Victoria, and Conrad and his family served as disc jockeys(唱片音乐播音员). Westinghouse vice president Harry Davis asked Conrad to build a more powerful transmitter(发射台)in time to announce the outcome of the next US presidential election. Conrad completed his assignment, and on November 2, 1920, station KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, broadcast the announcement that Warren G. Harding had been elected president. About 1000 people heard this first news broadcast.Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers, and because crystal sets were easy to build and inexpensive, radio expanded rapidly in the following years. To stimulate the sale of radio sets, equipment manufactures provided transmitting facilities. Singers, comedians, and entire orchestras volunteered their services for publicity. The eventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was still unclear. One group in New York City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged that private foundations support radio stations as a public service. In August 1922 the first commercial radio advertisement was broadcast on WEAF (now WNBC) in New York City. In 1926, when about 5 million homes had radios, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), in cooperation with the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, established the first commercial radio network. In the 1920s radio was established as a new mass medium had a practicable industry, and it became anational forum(论坛)for news and popular culture.68.The passage is mainly concerned with _______.69.A. the contribution of radio to popular culture70.B. the invention and uses of radio71.C. early radio programs for a mass audience72.D. the history of radio broadcasting73.Who started broadcasting radio programs to mass audience?74.A. Frank Conrad B. David Sarnoff C. Harry Davis D. WarrenHarding75.After 1920, radio expanded rapidly because _______.76.A. people could easily get it in stores B. it was cheaper than newspapers77.C. it had advantages over newspapers D. people were interested inanything new78.By saying that “the eventual financial basis of the new industry was still unclear”,the author means that _______.79.A. the private foundations were unwilling to support the stations80.B. the stations were not sure yet where to get the operational money81.C. advertising and commercial programs could not raise enough money82.D. the listeners would not pay for the broadcasting stationsCIt could be said that the age of adventure peaked with Sir Everest Shackleton the moment his ship, the Endurance,become hopelesslylocked in ice on its way to Antarctica in January 1915. For ten months the28 men aboard Shackleton’s ship waited and prayed for ice to break.When it finally did, the Endurance sank, leaving the crew homeless andadrift on a sea of ice in one of the world’s most dangerous environments.In January 2000 a luxury ocean liner found itself similarly trapped in the cold waters off Antarctica. Argentine authorities sent off an icebreaker straight away from the nearest naval base, and in 24 hours, all 176 passengers and crew were free. The tour company’s spokesperson spun the potential disaster as a value-added reward in extremetravel. “The people on board are looking at this as sort of a great adventure,” she said.Ever since Jon Krakauer’s book Into Thin Air made Everest a household name, the subculture of adventure has blown up like a Himalayan avalanche(雪崩) into public consciousness. Magazines promise “extreme” content, television, offers adventure programs, and the growing collective fascination with adventure has produced a flow of published accounts about the world’s greatest adventurous journey. Nowadays more 4and more people are interested in adventure and this mass appeal makes good business sense. Today the only thing blocking a would-be adventurer’s passage to Antarctica is the cost---- which typically runs well over $10,000.Despite very different implications, adventure was just as popular in Shackleton’s time. He has little trouble filling the Endurance----5,000 men are said to have responded to his recruitment(招募) notice: “Men wanted for risky journey. Small wages. Bitter cold. Long months of complete darkness. Constant danger. Safe return doubtful.”After five months drifting on ice, the crew were forced to take to their lifeboats to Elephant Island. Reaching the wasteland, Shackleton went on with one lifeboat and five of his best men 1,300 kilometers across the bone-chilly Scotia Sea to South Georgia Island. Shivering with cold, dressed in rags, Shackleton marched into a whaling station and set about organizing a rescue expedition to Elephant Island. Almost two years after becoming shipwrecked on ice, Shacklet on picked up his crew. “Not a life lost, and we have been through hell,” he remarked earnestly.83.We can learn from the first sentence of this passage that _______.84.A. the age of adventure began with the ship Endurance trapped in ice85.B. Shackleton’s adventu re marked the highest point of pure exploration86.C. the age of adventure ended with the ship Endurance trapped in ice87.D. Shackleton’s adventure predicted that the golden age of exploration wasapproaching88.The word “spun” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “_______”.89.A. summed up B. judged C. boasted about D. referred to90.Since Jon Krakauer’s book was published _______.91.A. the media have got interested in the topic of adventure92.B. the costs of extreme travel have gone up93.C. Everest has got its name known to Europe94.D. people have got fascinated by Himalayan avalanches95.The adventure in Shackleton’s time has different implications from today’s in that_______.96.A. Shackleton’s adventure lasted longer then any other adventure nowadays97.B. no o ne was missing during Shackleton’s adventure98.C. Shackleton’s adventure was entirely for the sake of adventure99.D. Shackleton enrolled volunteers more easilySection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.My wife and I recently welcomed a child into the world. His only interest right now is keeping us awake 24/7. But one day, he’ll need to learn something about finance. When he does, here are some suggestions.1. You might think you want an expensive car, a fancy watch, and a huge house. But you don’t. (67)________________________ You think having expensive stuff will bring it. It almost never does—especially from the people you want to respect andadmire you.2. The road to financial regret is paved with debt. Some debt, such as a mortgage, is OK. But most spending that results in debt is the equivalent of a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that wears off, only to drag you down for years to come, limiting your options and keeping you weighed down by the baggage of your past.3. I hope you’re poor at some point. Not struggling, and not unhappy, of course. But there’s no way to learn the value of money without feeling the power of its scarcity. It teaches you the difference between necessary and desirable. (68) ________________________ These are essential survival skills.4. If you’re like most people, you’ll spend most of your adult life thinking, “Once I’ve saved/earned $X, everything will be great.” Then you’ll hit $X, move the goalposts, and resume chasing your tail. It’s a miserable cycle. Your goals should be about more than money.5. Don’t stay in a job you hate because you made a career choice at 18. Almost no one knows what he or she wants to do at that age. M any people don’t know what they want until they’re twice that age. (These are the signs you’re in the wrong career.)6. The best thing money buys is to control over your time. (69) ________________________ One day you’ll realize that this freedom is one of the things that makes you truly happy.7. Change your mind when you need to. I’ve noticed a tendency for people to think they’ve mastered investing when they’re young. They start investing at age 18 and think they have it all figured out by age 19. They never do.8. Some people are born into families that encourage education; others are from families that are against it. Some are born into flourishing economies; others, into war and poverty. I want you to be successful, and I want you to earn it. But realize that not all success is due to hard work and not all poverty is due to laziness. Keep this in mind when judging people, including yourself.9. Your savings rate has a little to do with how much you earn and a lot to do with how much you spend. I know a dentist who lives paycheck to paycheck, always on the edge of ruin. I know another person who never earned more than $50,000 and saved a fortune. The difference is entirely due to their spending. (70) __________________________.10. Don’t listen to me if you disagree with what I’ve written. The world you grow up in will have different values and opportunities than the one I did. More important, you’ll learn best when you disagree with someone and then are forced to learn it yourself. (On the other hand, always listen to your mother.)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Meet The Member Who Quit SugarWhen I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quite depressed. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.It was a heart breaking cycle of hate and food. I didn’t feel confident, pretty, or worthwhile.Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abuse myself; my skin and my mind became my enemy.But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.It started with my mum. She staged an intervention(干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change - I needed to change - and she could see how unhappy I was.She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and - to my shock horror - cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame of sneaking chocolate and candies when the three o’clock hunger hits.But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and Istopped loving it; simple as that.I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routine; I began to love that personal time.Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. So many people are intimidated by the words “quit sugar”. It’s not true. Fruit, honey, et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate bars ever could.Now I’m 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is where I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself. I never thought I would be confident enough to wear dresses or skirts, and take leadership roles to put myself out there and develop my social skills.I could never have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themselves and change their diet - quitting sugar or otherwise - to share their decision with people. Develop a support network, online or offline, which can offer you advice or pick you up when you’re down. And I can assure you, from my own personal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourself too.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.铃声一响，孩子们就冲了出来。