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煤矿科技英语——1. INTRODUCTION Coal, a combustible organic rock [1] composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen [2]. Coal is burned to produce energy and is used to manufacture steel. It is also an important source of chemicals used to make medicine, fertilizers, pesticides [3], and other products. Coal comes from ancient plants buried over millions of years in Earth’s crust [4], its outermost layer [5]. Coal, petroleum, natural gas, and oil shale [6] are all known as fossil fuels [7] because they come from the remains of ancient life buried deep in the crust.Coal is rich in hydrocarbons [8](compounds made up of the elements hydrogen and carbon). All life forms contain hydrocarbons, and in general, material that contains hydrocarbons is called organic material. Coal originally formed from ancient plants that died, decomposed, and were buried under layers of sediment [9] during the Carboniferous Period [10], about 360 million to 290 million years ago. As more and more layers of sediment formed over this decomposed plant material, the overburden [11] exerted increasing heat and weight on the organic matter. Over millions of years, these physical conditions caused coal to form from the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and inorganic mineral [12] compounds in the plant matter. The coal formed in layers known as seams.Plant matter changes into coal in stages. In each successive stage, higher pressure and heat from the accumulating overburden increase the carbon content of the plant matter and drive out more of its moisture content [13]. Scientists classify coal according to its fixed carbon content [14], or the amount of carbon the coal produceswhen heated under controlled conditions. Higher grades of coal have a higher fixed carbon content.NOTES TO THE TEXT[1] organic rock：有机岩[2] carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen：碳，氢和氧[3] pesticides：农药[4] Earth’s crust：地壳[5] outermost layer：最外层地层[6] oil shale：油页岩[7] fossil fuels：化石燃料[8] hydrocarbons：碳氢化合物[9] layers of sediment ：沉积层[10] Carboniferous Period：石炭纪[11] overburden：覆盖岩层[12] inorganic mineral：无机材料[13] moisture content：含水量[14] fixed carbon content：固定碳含量煤矿科技英语——2. MODERN USES OF COAL Eighty-six percent of the coal used in the United States is burned by electric power plants [1] to produce electricity. When burned, coal generates energy in theform of heat. In a power plant that uses coal as fuel, this heat converts water into steam, which is pressurized to spin the shaft of a turbine. This spinning shaft [2] drives a generator that converts the mechanical energy of the rotation into electric power.Coal is also used in the steel industry. The steel industry uses coal by first heating it and converting it into coke [3], a hard substance consisting of nearly pure carbon. The coke is combined with iron ore [4] and limestone [5]. Then the mixture is heated to produce iron. Other industries use different coal gases given off during thecoke-forming process [6] to make fertilizers, solvents [7], medicine, pesticides, and other products.Fuel companies convert coal into easily transportable gas [8] or liquid fuels [9]. Coal-based vapor fuels [10] are produced through the process of gasification [11]. Gasification may be accomplished either at the site of the coalmine [12] or in processing plants [13]. In processing plants, the coal is heated in the presence of steam and oxygen to produce synthesis gas [14], a mixture of carbon monoxide [15], hydrogen, and methane [16] used directly as fuel or refined into cleaner-burning gas [17].On-site gasification [18] is accomplished by controlled, incomplete burning of an underground coal bed while adding air and steam. To do this, workers ignite the coal bed, pump air and steam underground into the burning coal, and then pump the resulting gases from the ground. Once the gases are withdrawn, they may be burned to produce heat or generate electricity. Or they may be used in synthetic gases to produce chemicals or to help create liquid fuels .Liquefaction [19] processes convert coal into a liquid fuel that has a composition similar to that of crude petroleum [20] Liquefaction. Coal can be liquefied either by direct or indirect processes. However, because coal is a hydrogen-deficient hydrocarbon [21], any process used to convert coal to liquid or other alternative fuels[22] must add hydrogen. Four general methods are used for liquefaction: (1) pyrolysis[23] and hydrocarbonization [24], in which coal is heated in the absence of air or in a stream of hydrogen; (2) solvent extraction [25], in which coal hydrocarbons are selectively dissolved and hydrogen is added to produce the desired liquids; (3) catalytic liquefaction [26], in which hydrogenation [27] takes place in the presence of a catalyst; and (4) indirect liquefaction, in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are combined in the presence of a catalyst.NOTES TO THE TEXT[1] electric power plants：发电厂[2] spinning shaft：旋转轴[3] coke：焦炭[4] iron ore：铁矿石[5] limestone：石灰岩[6] coke-forming process：焦炭形成过程[7] solvents：溶剂[8] easily transportable gas：易输送的气体l[9] liquid fuels：液体燃料[10] coal-based vapor fuels：以媒为基础的气态燃料[11] gasification：气化[12] coalmine：煤矿[13] processing plants：加工厂[14] synthesis gas：合成煤气[15] carbon monoxide：一氧化碳[16] methane：沼气，甲烷[17] cleaner-burning gas：洁净煤气[18] on-site gasification：地下气化[19] liquefaction：液化[20] crude petroleum：原油[21] hydrogen-deficient hydrocarbon：缺氢碳氢化合物[22] alternative fuels：替代燃料[23] pyrolysis：高温分解[24] hydrocarbonization：碳氢化作用[25] solvent extraction：溶剂提取[26] catalytic liquefaction：催化液化作用[27] hydrogenation：氢化作用煤矿科技英语——3. FORMATION AND COMPONENTS OF COAL2006年8月1日12:40:0Coal is a sedimentary rock [1] formed from plants that flourished millions of years ago when tropical swamps [2] covered large areas of the world. Lush vegetation [3], such as early club mosses [4], horsetails [5], and enormous ferns, thrived in these swamps. Generations of this vegetation died and settled to the swamp bottom, and over time the organic material lost oxygen and hydrogen, leaving the material with a high percentage of carbon. Layers of mud and sand [6] accumulated over the decomposed plant matter, compressing and hardening the organic material as the sediments deepened. Over millions of years, deepening sediment layers, known as overburden, exerted tremendous heat and pressure on the underlying plant matter, which eventually became coal.Before decayed plant material [7] forms coal, the plant material forms a dark brown, compact organic material known as peat [8]. Although peat will burn when dried, it has a low carbon and high moisture content relative to coal. Most of coal’s heating value comes from carbon, whereas inorganic materials, such as moisture and minerals [9], detract from its heating value. For this reason, peat is a less efficient fuel source than coal. Over time, as layers of sediment accumulate over the peat, this organic material forms lignite [10], the lowest grade of coal. As the thickening geologic overburden gradually drives moisture from the coal and increases its fixed carbon content, coal evolves from lignite into successively higher-graded coals: subbituminous coal [11], bituminous coal [12], and anthracite [13]. Anthracite, the highest rank of coal, has nearly twice the heating value of lignite.Coal formation began during the Carboniferous Period (known as the first coalage), which spanned 360 million to 290 million years ago. Coal formation continued throughout the Permian [14], Triassic [15], Jurassic [16], Cretaceous [17], and Tertiary [18] Periods, which spanned 290 million to 1.6 million years ago. Coals formed during the first coal age are older, so they are generally located deeper in Earth’s crust. The greater heat and pressures at these depths produce higher-grade coals such as anthracite and bituminous coals. Conversely, coals formed during the second coal age under less intense heat and pressure are generally located at shallower depths. Consequently, these coals tend to be lower-grade subbituminous and lignite coals.Coal contains organic (carbon-containing) compounds transformed from ancient plant material. The original plant material was composed of cellulose [19], the reinforcing material [20] in plant cell walls [21]; lignin [22], the substance that cements plant cells together; tannins [23], a class of compounds in leaves and stems; and other organic compounds, such as fats and waxes. In addition to carbon, these organic compounds contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. After a plant dies and begins to decay on a swamp bottom, hydrogen and oxygen (and smaller amounts of other elements) gradually dissociate from the plant matter, increasing its relative carbon content.Coal also contains inorganic components, known as ash. Ash includes minerals such as pyrite [24] and marcasite [25] formed from metals that accumulated in the living tissues of the ancient plants. Quartz [26], clay, and other minerals are also added to coal deposits by wind and groundwater [27]. Ash [28] lowers the fixed carbon content of coal, decreasing its heating value.NOTES TO THE TEXT[1] sedimentary rock：沉积岩[2] tropical swamps：热带沼泽[3] Lush vegetation：茂盛的植物[4] club mosses：石松[5] horsetails：马尾（木贼属的一种植物）[6] layers of mud and sand：泥砂层[7] decayed plant material：腐烂的植物材料[8] peat：泥炭[9] minerals：矿物[10] lignite：褐煤[11] subbituminous coal：次烟煤[12] bituminous coal：烟煤[13] anthracite：无烟煤[14] Permian：二叠纪[15] Triassic：三叠纪[16] Jurassic：侏罗纪[17] Cretaceous：白垩纪[18] Tertiary：第三纪[19] cellulose：纤维素[20] reinforcing material：加固的材料[21] cell walls：细胞壁[22] lignin：木质[23] tannins：丹宁，鞣酸[24] pyrite：黄铁矿[25] marcasite ：白铁矿[26] quartz：石英[27] groundwater：地下水[28] ash：灰分煤矿科技英语——4. COAL DEPOSITS ANDRESERVESAlthough coal deposits exist in nearly every region of the world, commercially significant coal resources occur only in Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America. Commercially significant coal deposits occur in sedimentary rock basins [3], typicallysandwiched as layers called beds or seams [4] between layers of sandstone [5] and shale [6]. When experts develop estimates of the world’s coal supply, they distinguish between coal reserves and resources. Reserves are coal deposits that can be mined profitably with existing technology—that is, with current equipment and methods. Resources are an estimate of the worl d’s total coal deposits, regardless of whether the deposits are commercially accessible. Exploration [7] geologists [8] have found and mapped the world’s most extensive coal beds. At the beginning of 2001, global coal reserves were estimated at 984.2 billion metric tons, in which 1 metric ton [9] equals 1,016 kg (2,240 lb). These reserves occurred in the following regions by order of importance: the Asia Pacific, including Australia, 29.7 percent; North America, 26.1 percent; Russia and the countries of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), 23.4 percent; Europe, excluding the former USSR, 12.4 percent; Africa and the Middle East, 6.2 percent; and South and Central America, 2.2 percent.Coal deposits in the United Kingdom, which led the world in coal production until the 20th century, extend throughout parts of England, Wales, and southern Scotland. Coalfields in western Europe underlie the Saar and Ruhr valleys in Germany, the Alsace region of France, and areas of Belgium. Coalfields [10] in central Europe extend throughout parts of Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. The most extensive and valuable coalfield in eastern Europe is the Donets Basin, between the Dnieper and Donrivers (in parts of Russia and Ukraine). Large coal deposits in Russia are being mined in the Kuznetsk Basin in southern Siberia. Coalfields underlying northwestern China are among the largest in the world. Mining of these fields began inthe 20th century.United States coal reserves are located in six major regions, three of which produce the majority of domestically [11] mined coal. The most productive region [12] in the United States is the Appalachian Basin, covering parts of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, and Alabama. Large quantities of coal have also been produced by both the Illinois Basin—extending through Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky—and the Western Interior Region—extending through Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma. Other commercially important U.S. coal regions include the Powder River Basin, underlying parts of Montana and Wyoming; the Green River Basin in Wyoming; the Uinta Basin, covering areas of Utah and Colorado; and the San Juan Basin, underlying parts of Utah, New Mexico and Colorado.In 2001 estimates of total U.S. coal reserves were approximately 246 billion metric tons. At the beginning of the 21st century production amounted to about 980 million metric tons each year.NOTES TO THE TEXT[1] coal deposit：煤矿床[2] reserves：储量[3] sedimentary rock basins：沉积岩盆地[4] seams：媒层[5] sandstone：砂岩[6] shale：页岩[7] exploration：勘探[8] geologist：地质学家[9] metric ton：公吨[10] coalfields：媒田[11] domestically：国内（产）地，民用地，家用地[12] productive region：生产区煤矿科技英语——5. BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO COALMININGCoal mining [1] is the removal of coal from the ground. The mining method employed to extract the coal depends on the following criteria: a. seam thickness [2], b. the overburden thickness, c. the ease of removal of the overburden, d. the ease withwhich a shaft [3] can be sunk to reach the coal seam, e. the amount of coal extracted relative to the amount that cannot be removed, and f. the market demand for the coal.The two types of mining methods are surface mining [4] and underground mining [5]. In surface mining, the layers of rock or soil overlying a coal seam are first removed after which the coal is extracted from the exposed seam. In underground mining, a shaft is dug to reach the coal seam. Currently, underground mining accounts for approximately 60 percent of the world recovery of coal.5-1 Surface MiningSurface mining is used to reach coal reserves that are too shallow to be reached by other mining methods. Types of surface mining include open-pit mining [6], drift mining [7], slope mining [8], contour mining [9], and auger mining [10].A. Open-pit MiningIn open-pit mining, or strip mining, earth-moving equipment is used to remove the rocky overburden and then huge mechanical shovels [11] scoop [12] coal up from the underlying deposit. The modern coal industry has developed some of the largest industrial equipment ever made, including shovels capable of holding 290 metric tons of coal.To reach the coal, bulldozers [13] clear the vegetation and soil. Depending on the hardness and depth of the exposed sedimentary rocks, these rocky layers may be shattered with explosives. To do this, workers drill blast holes [14] into the overlying sedimentary rock, fill these holes with explosives [15], and then blast the overburden to fracture the rock. Once the broken rock is removed, coal is shoveled from theunderlying deposit into giant earth-moving trucks [16] for transport [17].B. Drift MiningDrift mining is used when a horizontal seam [18] of coal emerges at the surface on the side of a hill or mountain, and the opening [19] into the mine can be made directly into the coal seam. This type of mining is generally the easiest and most economical type because excavation through rock is not necessary. If coal is available in this manner, it is likely to be mined.C. Slope MiningSlope mining occurs when an inclined opening is used to tap the coal seam (or seams). A slope mine may follow the coal seam if the seam is inclined and exposed to the surface, or the slope may be driven through rock strata overlying the coal to reach a seam. Coal transportation from a slope mine can be accomplished by conveyor [20] or by track haulage [21] (using a trolley locomotive [22] if the grade is not severe) or by pulling mine cars [23] up the slope using an electric hoist [24] and steel rope [25] if the grade is steep. The most common practice is to use a belt conveyor.D. Contour MiningContour mining occurs on hilly or mountainous terrain, where workers use excavation equipment to cut into the hillside along its contour to remove the overlying rock and then mine the coal. The depth to which workers must cut into the hillside depends on factors such as hill slope and coal bed thickness.E. Auger MiningAuger mining is frequently employed in open-pit mines where the thickness ofthe overburden is too great for open-pit mining to be cost-effective [26]. Open-pit mining would require the lengthy and costly removal of the overburden, whereas auger mining is more efficient because it cuts through the overburden and removes the coal as it drills. In this technique, the miners drill a series of horizontal holes into the coal bed with a large auger (drill) powered by a diesel or gasoline engine [27]. These augers are typically about 60 m (200 ft) long and 0.6 to 2.1 m (2 to 7 ft) in diameter. As these enormous drills bore into the coal seam, they discharge coal like a wood drill producing wood shavings. Additional auger lengths are added as the cutting head of the auger penetrates farther into the coal. Penetration continues until the cutting head drifts into the top or bottom of the coal seam, into a previous hole, or until the maximum torque [28] (energy required to twist an object) of the auger is reached.F. Satellite Aids [29] to Surface MiningIn the late 1990s some coal mining enterprises used technologies such as the global positioning system (GPS) [30] to help guide the positioning of mining equipment. Satellites operated by the United States Air Force Space Command and leased to companies for commercial use track the position of mining equipment against a map of a mine’s topography [31]. This map uses colors to distinguish soil that should be excavated, soil that should remain in place, and areas that should be filled in. The equipment driver observes this visual information [32] on a monitor [33] while operating the equipment. Some coal mining enterprises have used GPS to increase mining efficiency up to 30 percent.5－2 Underground MiningUnderground, or deep, mining occurs when coal is extracted from a seam without removal of the overlying strata. Miners build a shaft mine that enters the earth through a vertical opening and descends from the surface to the coal seam. In the mine, the coal is extracted from the seam by various methods, including conventional mining[34], continuous mining [35], longwall mining [36], and room-and-pillar mining [37].A. Conventional MiningConventional mining, also called cyclic mining, involves a sequence of operations that proceed in the following order: a. supporting the roof [38], b. ventilation [39], c. cutting [40], d. drilling [41], e. blasting [42], f. coal removal [43], and g. loading [44]. First, miners make the roof above the seam safe and stable by timbering [45] or by roof bolting [46], processes intended to prevent the roof from collapsing [47]. At the same time, they create ventilation openings so that dangerous gases [48] can escape and fresh air can reach the miners. Then one or more slots [49]—a few centimeters wide and extending for several meters into the coal—are cut along the face of the coal seam, also known as the wall face, by a large, mobile cutting machine [50]. The cut, or slot, provides easy access to the face and facilitates the breaking up of the coal, which is usually blasted from the seam by explosives known as permissible explosives. This type of explosive produces an almost flame-free explosion [51] and markedly reduces the amount of noxious fumes [52] in comparison with conventional explosives. The coal may then be transported by rubber-tired electric vehicles (shuttle cars) [53] or by chain (or belt) conveyor systems [54].B. Continuous MiningContinuous mining involves the use of a single machine known as a continuous miner that breaks the coal mechanically and loads it for transport. This mobile machine [55] has a series of metal-studded rotating drums [56] that gouge coal from the face of the coal seam. One continuous miner can mechanically break apart about 1.8 metric tons of coal per hour. Roof support is then installed, ventilation is advanced, and the coalface [57] is ready for the next cycle. The method used to transport the coal requires the installation of mobile belt conveyors.C. Longwall MiningThe longwall mining system uses a remote-controlled [58] self-advancing support [59] in which large blocks of coal are completely extracted in a continuous operation. Hydraulic or self-advancing jacks [60], known as chocks [61], support the roof at the immediate face as the coal is removed. As the face advances [62], the roof is allowed to collapse behind the remote-controlled, roof-building machinery [63]. Miners then remove the fallen coal. Coal recovery [64] is comparable to that attainable with the conventional or continuous mining systems.D. Room-and-Pillar MiningRoom-and-pillar mining is a means of developing a coalface and, at the same time, retaining supports for the roof. With this technique, rooms are developed from large, parallel tunnels driven into the solid coal [65], and the intervening pillars [66] of coal are used to support the roof. The percentage of coal recovered from a seam depends on the number and size of protective pillars of coal thought necessary to support the roof safely. Workers may remove some coal pillars just before closing themine.NOTES TO THE TEXT[1] coal mining：采煤[2] seam thickness：煤层厚度[3] shaft：立井[4] surface mining：地面开采[5] underground mining：地下开采[6] open-pit mining：露天矿开采[7] drift mining：平峒开采[8] slope mining：斜井开采[9] contour mining：台阶开采[10] auger mining：螺旋钻开采[11] mechanical shovels：机械铲[12] scoop：铲斗[13] bulldozer：推土机[14] blast holes：炮眼[15] explosives：炸药[16] earth-moving trucks：地面移动卡车[17] transport：运输，输送[18] horizontal seam：水平煤层[19] opening：坑道[20] conveyor：输送机[21] track haulage：轨道运输[22] trolley locomotive：架线式电机车[23] mine cars：矿车[24] electric hoist：电动提升机[25] steel rope：钢丝绳[26] cost-effective：成本效果[27] gasoline engine：汽油发动机[28] maximum torque：最大扭矩[29] satellite aids：卫星辅助[30] global positioning system (GPS)：地球定位系统[31] topography：地形[32] visual information：可视信息[33] monitor：监控器，监视器[34] conventional mining：传统式开采法[35] continuous mining：连续（采煤机）式开采法[36] longwall mining：长壁式开采法[37] room-and-pillar mining：房柱式开采法[38] supporting the roof：支护顶板[39] ventilation：通风[40] cutting：截割，掏槽[41] drilling：钻眼[42] blasting：爆破，放炮[43] coal removal：出媒[44] loading：装载[45] timbering：木支架[46] roof bolting：顶板锚杆支护[47] collapsing：垮落，崩落[48] dangerous gases：危险气体[49] slot：槽，沟[50] mobile cutting machine：移动式截媒机[51] flame-free explosion：无焰爆破[52] noxious fumes：有毒烟雾[53] rubber-tired electric vehicles (shuttle cars)：电动胶轮车（梭车）[54] chain (or belt) conveyor system：刮板（胶带）输送机系统[55] mobile machine：移动式机器[56] metal-studded rotating drums：金属双头螺栓式旋转滚筒[57] coalface：采煤工作面[58] remote-controlled：遥控的[59] self-advancing support：自移式支架[60] hydraulic or self-advancing jacks：液压或自移式千斤顶[61] chocks：垛式（液压）支架[62] face advances：工作面推进[63] roof-building machinery：筑顶机械[64] coal recovery：媒炭回收率[65] solid coal：实体煤[66] intervening pillars：煤房间的煤柱煤矿科技英语——6. LONGWALL MINING SYSTEMS Longwall mining has a long history of successful applications, even in thin and inclined coal seams [2]. This type of mining is more mechanized than any other method, and necessitates careful attention to the selection of the expensive equipment required. Longwall mining is a unique method with one principal variation. According to the direction of coal extraction, there are longwall advance mining [3] and longwall retreat mining [4].6-1 Longwall Advance MiningLongwall advance mining has been primarily used in the deeper underground mines where strata pressures [5] do not permit maintaining roadway [6] for long period of time.The majority of coalfields in Europe use longwall advance system of mining. The coal seam is divided into panels [7], generally 100 to 230m wide by up to 1800m long. Production may commence following a minimal capital outlay [8] for pre-production development. Yet the geological conditions [9] ahead of the advancing coalface may be uncertain, thus introducing an element of risk. Any sudden worsening of geological conditions may cause the production face to halt and an equipment capital outlay can be temporarily at a stand still. Shallow mining depths are not favored longwall advance mining; however, weak strata may require its use even though it may not suit NorthAmerican requirements for high productivity.A. Advance system with single entry [10]: The single entry is driven only a short distance ahead of the advancing face to avoid excessive frontal abutment pressures [11], The advance of roadways has been greatly improved through the use of longwall shearer [12] for roadway excavation.The main problem of the longwall advance system with single entry is maintaining the roadway behind face in the gob [13] for the life of the panel. Roadway support is provided by arches set [14]. The packs [15] are built along the gob edge for maintaining the roadway. The application of the Pump Pack [16] for pack building has reduced the difficulties relating to roadway maintenance [17].B. Advance system with double entries [18]: These have rib pillars [19] with a least width equal to or greater than one tenth of the panel depth separating panels. The ribs provide roadway protection against strata pressure deformation [20] effect. The driving of double entries in advance is integrated with the transport of coal from the longwall face. The main advantage of this system is that there is no need for roadway maintenance because one collapse is with the gob and the other in the rib is not affected by gob closure [21].The mining system requires more development work, but this is more than offset [22] by the savings in roadway maintenance.6-2. Longwall Retreat MiningLongwall retreat mining is basically the same as longwall advancing extraction, except that the coal seam is block-out [23] and then retreated in panels betweendevelopment roadways. Its advantages over advance mining are low risk and consistently high output. However, there are factors, which limit the application of retreat mining. The most important of which is the development of high stress [24] levels due to the influence of nearby workings, which affect the stability [25] of development roadways in soft strata. The life of the coalface depends upon the life of the roadway gate support. Reinforcement [26] techniques are available to assist in stabilizing the mine roadways.A. A retreat system with a single entry: this system is similar to the advance system with one entry, except that the panel is fully developed before extraction starts. There is a problem of roadway maintenance near the gob.This method has the advantages of economical use roadways and the efficient recovery of coal reserves. The mining direction is either down-dip [27] or along strike [28]. The disadvantages of the system are that the developed roadways in solid coal are liable to interaction from neighboring workings in the same seam: and the panel in extraction must be mined-out before the next one can start to avoid short circuiting ventilation.B. Integrated advance and retreat system [29]: this system is used mostly in deeper and gaseous coalmines. Single entry is used resulting in limited development and easier face-end [30] operations. Alternate faces advance in opposite directions. This method, as in other single entry longwall mining methods, re-uses the roadway of the mined-out panel for extraction of the adjacent panel. In some countries, integrated single entry system has been used to control surface subsidence strains.。
采矿工程考研面试英语自我介绍采矿工程专业主要学习岩体工程力学、采矿及矿山平安及工程方面的根本理论和根本技术。
下面是分享的采矿工程专业的自我介绍，欢送大家阅读!professors：It is my great pleasure to be here. My name is **** , graduated from ****Department of **** University.During my four-year study in the university as an under-graduate student, I have built up a solid foundation of professional knowledge, as well as a rich experience of social activities. I am a determined person, always willing to achieve higher goals. Whats more, I am good at analysis, with a strong sense of cooperation. All of these led me to the suess of passing the first round of the entrance examination to the Masters degree. Personally, I am very humorous and easy-going, enjoying a good relationship among my classmates. In my spare time, I like to read books regarding how to be myself and how to deal with problems. Music and movies are my favorite entertainments. As for my sport interest, I could not deny my greatest interest is football. Playing this game brings me a lot of glory, happiness and passion. All in all, Wuhan University, with a highly qualified faculty and strong academic environment is the university I have long admired. I believe that I am a very qualified applicant for admission into your Master ofIT program and can contribute to the enrichment ordiversity of your university. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!Himself in the university for four years, suessfully pleted all the courses and mining engineering professional required course, the university four years, not just learning, I also took part in many social activities: I have been a tutor, awareness of the lack of children, learn the education of children, in contrast to recognize my own shortings; I worked as a librarian, let me have more aess to knowledge; My four years uninterrupted part in work-study programs, let me know how the importance of hard work and efforts to finish the work. I take part in various social activities, I increasingly realize that be honest work should be the goal of my life.Money honorary position is not what I first consider: I just hope I can go to love, to be able to make my potential for mining and play, can continue to grow and make themselves better able to love, more have the ability to plete each work. Dedication happy = =. Dedication to the best of my ability, is the pursuit of my life.I don't have any outward of titles, no let people sit up and take notice of the honor, didn't go to the pursuit of almost everyone some puter level 2 certificate, because of their negative even turned down the opportunity to join the party, bee a regret.However, in the future I will work harder to improve myself, to a higher standard requirements. If stubbornly to produce a certificate, I just only you are hoping for, but was unable to conclude that no one measure of the "character" certification, with this, I believe I can doyou want me to do all kinds of job soon.Good morning, ever teaher. greathonor goodperformane toda, eventuall enroll prestigiousuniversit September.First, let me introdue mself briefl. ShirleGuo, hih am22 ears old, born Zihangountr, ShXXnxi Provine. jiaotongUniversit. e-mereith masterfundamental knoledge puterappliation, havepassed CET6, languageexamination Nationalputer Rank Examination Level2 databaseexamination Nationalputer Rank Examination Level3 ith alasbelieve oneill easil lag behind unless he keeps earsould ertifiate orkhard. amver easith,so havelots amoptimisti endthing ill mend. Sometimes preferstaing alone, reading, athing movies, listening postgraduatestud, severalreasons follo.Firstl, thinkfurther stud stillurgent realizeself-value. self-development,espeiall petitivemodern orld. Seondl, Professor LIqi e-merefield. amlooking forard folloinghim morefoundation futureprofession after earsstud here. Thirdl, emplomentsituation serious.Mabe through postgraduate stud, ouldahieve betterposition. ourshool proeedfurther.。
煤矿智能开采技术专业介绍范文英文版Introduction to the Specialty of Coal Mine Intelligent Mining TechnologyIn the rapidly advancing technological era, the coal mining industry is also undergoing significant transformations. One such transformation is the emergence of the Coal Mine Intelligent Mining Technology specialty, which aims to equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary to efficiently and safely extract coal using modern technology.This specialty covers a wide range of topics, including the principles of coal mining, the latest advancements in mining equipment and technology, as well as the environmental and safety considerations in mining operations. Students are introduced to the concept of intelligent mining, which involves the integration of robotics, automation, and artificialintelligence to improve mining efficiency and reduce human intervention.The curriculum of this specialty also focuses on data analysis and management, as intelligent mining generates a large amount of data that needs to be processed and analyzed. Students learn how to use advanced software and tools to monitor and control mining operations, predict potential hazards, and optimize resource utilization.In addition to technical skills, students are also trained in project management, teamwork, and communication skills, which are crucial for working in a multidisciplinary team in the mining industry. The program prepares students to become professionals who can contribute to the sustainable development of the coal mining industry by applying innovative technology solutions.The Coal Mine Intelligent Mining Technology specialty is designed to meet the growing demand for skilled professionals in the coal mining industry. With the continuous evolution oftechnology, this specialty will continue to play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of coal mining operations.中文版煤矿智能开采技术专业介绍在科技迅速发展的时代，煤矿行业也在经历着巨大的变革。
采矿专业英语安全爆破器材safety blasting material安全平台safety berm安全信号装置safety signal device铵锑炸药ammonite铵油炸药ammonium nitrate-fuel oil agent凹陷露天矿open—pit in rolling terrain扒矿机slusher爆破工程blasting engineering保安矿柱safety pillar刨铲挖掘机excavator with planning operation爆堆muck pile爆轰detonation爆力detonation power爆力运搬blasting-power handling爆破安全blasting safety爆破测试measurements of blasting action and effect爆破飞石flyrock爆破聚能效用effect of cumulative energy爆破漏斗blasting crater爆破落矿ore break by blasting爆破质量qulity of blasting爆破作用指数index of blasting action爆燃deflagration爆速velocity of detonation爆炸explosion备采矿量stoping reserve崩落采矿法caving mining methed崩落矿岩垫层cushioned mat of caved rock or ore崩落岩石覆盖下放矿ore drawing under caved rock闭坑地质工作geological work for mine closure壁式充填采矿法long-wall fill stoping边坡slope边坡地质工程engineering geology of side slope边坡挂网喷浆meshing and grouting边坡检测slope monitoring边坡破坏模式mode of slope failure边坡设计slope design边坡疏水slope drainage边坡稳定分析概率统计法probabilistic method for slope stability analysis边坡稳定分析刚体平衡法rigid equilibrium method for slope stability analysis 边坡稳定分析数值法numerical value method for slope stability analysis 边坡稳定性系数分析parameter analysis for slope stability变电所substation变形观测deformation measurement变质岩metamorphic rock 并联通风网络parallel flow network 剥采比stripping ratio剥离stripping补偿空间compensating space采剥量验收测量acceptance surveying of excavated volume 采剥总量total excavation quantity采场测量surveying stope 采场底部结构sill structure of stope 采场地压控制ground control of stope采场空硐测量chamber surveying 采场通风stope ventilation采场围岩加固reinforcement of surrounding rock of stope 采出矿石extracted ore 采掘比development ratio 采掘工作面配电点electric distribution box at workings采掘机械mining machinery采掘技术计划extraction—development plan of mine 采掘平衡balance between development and extraction 采空区处理goaf management采矿mining采矿工程mining engineering采矿工业mining industry 采矿工艺mining technology采矿系统工程mining system engineering采矿学mining science 采矿专家系统expert system in mining 采砂船dredge采砂船采挖法digging procedure of dredging采砂船采矿方法dredging method采砂船采区防冻preventing ground freeze in dredging area 采砂船采区解冻thrawing of dredging area 采砂船采区供水water supply in dredging area采砂船开采dredging采砂船开拓development of dredging 采砂船碎散分级breaking and screening of dredging采砂船选矿washing process on the dredge采准stope preparation 采准工作量ratio of preparation work采准矿量prepared reserve残积层eluvium槽井探trench and shallow-shaft explorations侧斜铲斗装载机side triping bucket loader测风站station for air measurement柴油铲运机diesel—powered load—haul—damp unit 铲插装载机power shovel with tilting boom and conveyor 长巷道掘进通风long dead-end driving face ventilation 超前探水detecting water with pilot hole超声波测量ultraacoustic measurement车铲比ratio of truck to shovel 车厢式装运机auto loader沉积岩sedimentary rock承载索track rope迟爆postponed explosion赤平极射投影stereographic projection充填filling充填倍线multiple ratio pipe length—to-column in filling 充填材料filling material 充填材料沉缩率rate of fill settlement 充填材料管道输送pipelining of filling material充填材料渗透系数permeability coefficient or fill充填材料制备filling material preparation 充填采矿法mining method employing fill充填机械stowing machine充填接顶fill tightenning 充填井fillingshaft 充填井场地总平面布置general layout for filling shaft area充填料制备自动化automation of filling material preparation充填体作用function of fill mass 充填系统filling system 冲击式凿岩percussive drilling 抽出式通风exhaust ventilation 除尘装置dust remover 储槽振动装运机vibrating auto loader 储量剥采比tripping to reserve ratio触变泥浆collaidal mud穿孔drilling 串车提升train hoisting 串联通风网络series flow network垂直分条充填采矿法perpendicular slot fill stoping 垂直深孔阶段矿房采矿法block open-stoping with vertical longhole 措施井shaft for speedening development excavation 大爆破后通风ventilation after large blasting大块boulder大陆架砂矿床开采continental shelf placer mining 大水矿床开采extraction of water-contained ore body带式输送机belt conveyor带式输送机自动化automation of belt conveyor带式提升conveyor hoisting带式转载机belt transfer 单层崩落采矿法single slice caving 单斗挖掘机single—bucketexcavator单斗挖掘机采装single—bucket excavator loading单斗挖掘机排土waste disposal with power shovel挡土墙retaining wall导爆管detonating tube导爆索detonating cord导风板baffle 导轨式凿岩机drifter导火索safety fuse 导向轮d eflectionpulley 倒堆采矿法over-casting mining method等值线图contour sheet地表保护等级protection rank of surface ground地表移动surface movement地表移动计算概率积分法probability integration method for calculation of surface movement 地表钻孔抽水dewatering through well 地下采矿方法underground mining method 地下采矿方法设计的计算机方法computerized design of underground mining method地下采矿方法的选择choice of underground mining method 地下采矿钻车underground mining jumbo地下采区变电所underground section substation地下铲运机load-haul-dump unit 地下开采underground mining 地下矿电缆线路cable line of underground mine地下矿电气设备安全接地safe grounding of underground electrical equipment地下矿开拓development of underground mine 地下矿开拓方法development method of underground mine地下矿开矿系统development system of underground mine地下矿排水drainage in underground mine地下矿配电electric power distribution of underground mine地下矿山underground mine地下矿深孔爆破longhole blasting in underground mine 地下矿用自卸汽车dump truck for underground mine 地下矿中深孔爆破medium-longhole blasting in underground mine地下连续采矿机continuous underground miner地下水groundwater地下主变电所underground main substation地压观测ground pressure measurement地质构造geological structure 地质构造图geological structure map 地质平面图gaological plan电耙electronic powered slusher电爆检查仪表checking instrument of electric blasting电爆网络electric priming circuit电铲electric excavator电动铲运机electric powered load-haul-dump unit电动轮自卸汽车motorized wheel dump truck 电动凿岩机electric rock drill电动破碎岩石rock breaking with electric heating吊罐raise cage 调度绞车car spotting hoist 冻结孔freezing hole 冻结循环freezing circuit 冻结压力freezing pressure 硐室爆破chamber blasting 硐室掘进chamber excavation断层fault断层破碎带矿柱pillar for fault fracture zones断裂构造fracture structure 堆浸heap leaching 对角式通风系统diagonell ventilation system蹾罐事故cage bumping多点位移计multiplepoint displacement meter多斗挖掘机multi-bucket excavator 多功能车multi-function vehicle 多级机站通风系统multistage fan—station ventilationsystem 多金属结核开采polymetallic nodule mining二次爆破secondary blasting二次开采secondary mining翻车机car dumper 反铲挖掘机backhoe方框支架充填采矿法square-set with fill method防洪沟flood ditch防火列车train for fire prevention防火墙fire barrier防水沟water ditch防火门fire door防水矿柱water barrier防水墙bulk-head防水帷幕water—sealing curtain防水闸门water door房柱采矿法room—and-pillar method 放矿计划图表chart of ore drawing 放矿截止品位cut—off gradeof oredrawing 放矿制度procedure of ore drawing非均质流充填材料管道输送pipelining of fill with heterogeneous flow非耦合装药decoupling loading非铀矿山排氡通风ventilation for exhausting radon in non—uranium mine废石waste废石场waste dump废石场稳定the stability of waste pile 废石堆沥滤水防治leaching water control of waste dump废石混入率waste rate废石排弃waste disposal 分层崩落采矿法top slicing 分层剥采比bench stripping ratio分层掘沟法layer trenching分段崩落采矿法sublevel caving method分段矿房采矿法sublevel open stoping分段落矿阶段矿房采矿法block opening with ground breaking from sublevel分区通风系统zone ventilation system 风井ventilating shaft 风流局部阻力local resistance of airflow 风流摩擦阻力friction resistance of airflow风流正面阻力frontal resistance of airflow风门air door风墙air bulkhead风桥air bridge 风筒air tube风障air brattice风阻ventilation resistance factor封闭圈contourline passing the lowest point of topage in final pitlimit 风扇调节风量regulating air volumn by booster fan复合井壁multiple-shaft wall 复杂通风网络complex ventilation network副井auxiliary shaft干式充填系统dry-stowing system 干式凿岩捕尘dust—collecting in dry drilling 钢绳冲击式钻机churn-drill rig 钢绳牵引带式输送机cable belt conveyor 钢绳芯带式输送机steel belt conveyor 钢丝绳提升设备hoisting equipment with wire rope钢弦压力计wire pressuremeter高度补偿器height compensator for mine car高山矿床开采mining at high elevation 高台阶爆破high bench blasting高压水射流破碎岩石rock cutting by high pressure water jet隔水层impermeable layer根底toe rock 工业储量industrial reserve 工作帮working slope 工作帮坡角angle of working slope构造等高线图structure—concourmap固井sealing of drop-shaft bottom to rock 刮板输送机scraper chain conveyor灌浆灭火法fire extinguishing with mud罐道shaft guide 罐笼cage 罐笼提升cage hoisting光面爆破smooth blasting滚刀破碎岩石rock breaking with rolling disk海滨砂矿床开采beach placer mining 海洋采矿marine mining 海洋矿产资源marine mineral resource含水层aquifer毫秒雷管millisecond detonator 横向工作线采矿法transverse cutmining method横巷cross cut后卸铲斗装载机overshot loader护坡slope covering滑坡反分析back analysis of slope failure滑坡防治prevention and remedy of slope failure 环形工作线采矿法annular cut mining method回采stoping 回采单元extraction unit 回采工作面stope face 回转钻眼rotary drilling 混凝土泵concrete pump 混凝土浇灌机concrete placer 混凝土喷射机shotcrete machine混凝土喷射机械手shotcrete robot混凝土装配式砌块支护support of precast concrete set火力钻机jet piercer火区重开re-opening of fire zone火区检测monitoring of fire zone机车locomotive机械充填mechanical filling 机械落矿mechanical ore breaking机械运搬mechanical handling 机械装矿machine loading ore 箕斗skip箕斗提升skip hoisting 箕斗卸载装置skip dumping arrangement箕斗装载装置skip loading arrangement挤压爆破tight blasting继爆管detonating relay假顶mat架空索道aerial tramway架棚机timbering machine检修车repair truck 浆状炸药slurry降落漏斗cone of depression 胶带提升设备belt hoisting equipment胶结充填系统cement—filling system角联通风网络diagonal flow network阶段level阶段崩落采矿法block caving method 阶段高度interval of level 阶段开采顺序mining sequence of level 阶段矿房采矿法block open stoping 阶段强制崩落采矿法forced block caving method阶段水平布置layout of level 阶段通风系统stage ventilation system阶段自然崩落采矿法spontaneous block caving mining method 节理joint节理玫瑰花图rose diagram of joint金刚石钻机diamond drill 金刚石钻进diamond drilling 金属支架支护metal support近井点测量near shaft-point surveying经济合理剥采比break—even strippingratio 井底车场shaft station 井底水窝排水drainage at shaft bottom井点降水法lowering the water table by well—point 井架headframe 井塔tower 井筒保安矿柱shaft pillar 井筒布置方式layout of the shaft井筒钻进shaft drilling井下电机车运输underground electric locomotive haulage 井下硐室underground rooms 井下高程测量underground elevation surveying 井下经纬仪导线测量underground theodolite traversing井下排泥mud drainage in underground mine井下破碎站underground crusher station 井下破碎站通风除尘dust control in station of treaker 井下牵引车underground tow vechicle 井下水泵房underground pump room井下水仓underground sump 井下水仓清理underground sump cleaning 井下无轨运输underground trackless haulage井下运输underground haulage井下运输自动控制automatic control of underground haulage井下炸药库underground explosive magazine井巷风速air velocity in airway井巷复合支护conpound support of shaft—and-drift井巷贯通测量surveying for drivage of two approaching headings井巷锚杆支护rockbolt support of shaft—drift井巷锚索支护cable bolt support of shaft-drift井巷喷锚索联合支护combined support of shotcrete with rock bolt and wire-mesh 井巷喷射混凝土支护support of shaft-drift with shotcrete井巷支护support of shaft-drift 井巷支护监测monitoring of support静电防护electrostatic protection静态膨胀剂破碎岩石rock breakage with static expansive agent境界剥采比stripping ratio of pit limit境界矿柱boundary pillar 局部通风local ventilation 局扇通风local fan ventilation拒爆misfire聚晶金刚石钻头polycrystalline diamond bit掘沟trenching 掘进盾构tunnelling sheld掘进钻车tunnel jumbo均压灭火法fire extinguishing by pressure balancing均流质充填材料管道输送pipelining of fill with homogeneous flow卡他度kata degree开采强度mining intensity 开采顺序mining sequence 开拓井巷development opening开拓矿量development reserve抗滑桩pile坑道勘探opening exploration坑口mining productive unit坑线haul way空场采矿法open stope mining method 空气过滤装置air—filtering arrangement 空气幕调节风量regulating air volume by air curtain空气压缩机air compressor 空气压缩机的冷却系统air-compressor cooling system 空气压缩机站air-compressor plant控制爆破controlled blasting矿仓ore bin 矿产储量ore reserve 矿产资源mineral resource矿产资源保护protection of mineral resource 矿产资源法the law of mineral resource 矿产资源综合利用comprehensive utilization of mineral resource矿车mine car 矿尘mine dust 矿尘测定dust measurement矿床ore deposit矿床成因类型genetic type of ore deposit 矿床工业类型commercial type of ore deposit矿床开采步骤mining stage of deposit 矿床开采技术条件technical condition of mining矿床开采顺序sequence of mineral mining 矿床勘探exploration of ore deposit 矿床勘探程度exploratory degree of deposit矿床勘探方法exploratory method of deposit矿床勘探类型exploratory method of deposit矿床模型orebody model矿床评价evaluation of ore deposit 矿床疏干dewatering of ore-deposit矿工互救mutual rescue of miner 矿井安全出口escapeway of underground矿井爆炸性气体mine explosive gas 矿井等积孔mine equivalent orifice矿井反风装置reversing arrangement of mine ventilation 矿井防冻prevention frostbite of mine矿井防火fire prevention in mine 矿井放射性气体mine radioactive gas矿井风量volume of air flowing in mine矿井风量调节regulating air volume in mine矿井风流air flow in mine矿井火灾mine fire矿井进风流净化purification of mine in—take air矿井空气mine air矿井空气调节air conditioning in mine 矿井联系测量shaft connecting surveying矿井漏风air leakage in mine 矿井灭火fire extinguishing in mine矿井热环境enviroment of heat in mine矿井热源sourse of heat in mine 矿井人工制冷降温refrigeration of mine air 矿井提升安全卡safety dog of hoist 矿井提升安全门safety door for hoisting 矿井提升防坠器safety catch 矿井提升钢丝绳mine hoisting rope矿井提升过卷保护装置overwind protector of hoisting矿井提升机mine hoist矿井提升限速器speed regulator of hoist矿井提升自动控制automatic control of shaft hoisting矿井通风mine ventilation 矿井通风构筑物mine ventilation structure矿井通风检查mine ventilation survey 矿井通风设计design of mine ventilation矿井通风网络mine ventilation network矿井通风系统mine ventilation system矿井通风系统鉴定指标criteria for mine ventilation evaluation矿井通风自动化automation of mine ventalation 矿井有毒气体mine toxic gas矿井有效风量efficiency rate of mine air quantity矿井自然通风natural ventilation 矿块地质图geological map of oreblock 矿块结构要素constructional element of oreblock矿块开采顺序mining sequence of oreblock矿区地质地形图topographical geological map of mining area矿区高程控制测量vertical control surveying of mine area 矿区工程地质图engineering geological map of ore field 矿区开发规划development plan of mine area 矿区勘探线剖面图exploratory profile of mine area 矿区控制测量control surveying of mine area 矿区平面控制测量plane control surveying of mine area 矿区水文地质图hydrogeological map of ore field矿区图根导线测量topographic control with traversing in mine area 矿区图根三角测量topographic control with triangulation in mine area矿山综合地质图comprehensive geological map of mine area 矿山安全mine safety矿山安全管理mine safety management 矿山爆破安全距离safety distance from blasting ceter in mine矿山爆破地震ground vibrations due to blasting in mine矿山爆破地震效应观测observation of ground vibration effect from blasting in mine 矿山爆破公害控制control of public nuisance from blasting in mine 矿山爆破空气冲击波air blasting wave in mine 矿山采掘进度计划编制的计算机方法conputerized method for the production scheduling in mines矿山测量mine surveying矿山测量仪器mine-surveying instrument 矿山柴油机废气净化purification of mine diesel exhaust gas矿山场地选择selection of mine site矿山穿孔作业防尘dust provention of drilling operation in mine矿山达产期period to attain planned annual output of mine矿山大气污染防治mine air pollution control矿山大气污染扩散dispersion of mine air pollution 矿山大气污染源sourse of mine air pollution 矿山地表沉陷防治control of surface subsidence in mine矿山地面运输mine surface transport矿山地质编录mining geological logging矿山地质工作work of mining geology 矿山地质取样mining goelogical sampling 矿山电力负荷分级classification of mine electric load 矿山电力牵引供电power supply for mine electric traction矿山电能计算mine electric energy measurement 矿山电气照明electric illumination of mine矿山防尘dust control in mine 矿山防水watercontrol in mine 矿山放射性固体废物处理disposal of solid radioactivewaste in mine 矿山放射性污染防治control of radiation contamination in mine矿山废水处理waste water treatment in mine 矿山废水控制waste water control in mine矿山服务年限service life of mine 矿山工程地质工作engineering geological work in mine 矿山工程质量管理mining engineering qualitative management矿山工业场地mine industrial site矿山工业场地道路road for mine industrial site 矿山工业场地地表水截流shut off surface water for mine industrial site 矿山工业场地管线pipeline for mine industrial site 矿山工业场的排水drainage for mine industrial site 矿山工业场地竖向布置longitudinal arrangement for mine industrial site矿山工业场地总平面布置general layout for mine industrial site 矿山公路运输防尘dust prevention of mine road transport矿山供电mine electric power supply矿山构筑物mine structure矿山固体废物处理disposal and reclamation of solid waste in mine矿山管理信息系统management information system in mine 矿山规模scale of mine矿山轨道mine track矿山环境地质工作enviromental geology work of mine矿山环境工程mine environmental engineering矿山机电安全safety in mining mechanical and electric equipments矿山机修厂总平面布置general layout for mine mechanical work—shop 矿山基本建设mine capital construction矿山集中监控centralized monitoring of mine work矿山计算机辅助设计computer aided design in mine 矿山技术经济指标mining technical economic index矿山建设施工的网络计划技术network sche—duling technique in mine construction 矿山建设项目经济评价economic evaluation of constructionproject in mine 矿山景观mine landscape矿山救护mine rescue矿山局扇消声器muffler of auxiliary fan in mine矿山开发地区规划的计算机方法the computer method of district programming in mine development 矿山劳动生产率mine labour productivity矿山内部运输mine interal transport矿山年产量annual output of mine 矿山排水mine drainage 矿山排水设备mine drainage equipment矿山排水系统mine drainage system 矿山企业mine enterprise矿山汽车修理厂总平面布置图general laybout for truck maintenance shop矿山设备安装测量surveying for installing mine equipment 矿山设备计算机管理computer management for mine equipment矿山设备遥控remote control of mine machinery 矿山设备自动化automation of mine machinery矿山设计mine design矿山设计的优化方法the optimization method in mine design 矿山生产地质工作geological work in the producing stage of mine矿山生产过程计算机模拟conputer simulation in mining operation 矿山生产过程自动化process automation inproduction矿山生产能力mine capacity 矿山事故预测mine accident prediction 矿山水文地质工作hydrogeological work in mine 矿床水文地质评价hydrogeological evaluation of ore deposit矿山水污染防治water pollution control in mine 矿山水污染源source of water pollution in mine 矿山水源保护water resource protection in mine 矿山水灾mine inundation矿山提升mine hoisting 矿山铁路信号railway signalling of mine矿山通风mine ventilation矿山投产标准standard for mine project putting into production 矿山投资效果风险分析risk analysis for investment evaluation in mine 矿山投资效果敏感性分析sensitive analysis for investment evaluation in mine 矿山土地复垦mined land reclamation矿山土壤污染防治soil pollution control in mine矿山外部运输mine outside transport矿山维简工程mining work for maintaining simple reprodution 矿山现代化管理modernization of management in mine 矿山巷道立体图mine working stereogram矿山压气compressed-air in mine 矿山岩石力学rock mechanics for mine 矿山用地规划land planning for mine 矿山远景规划perspective plan of mine 矿山噪声控制noise control in mine 矿山主扇噪声治理noise control of main fan in mine矿山自动化mine automation 矿山总降压变电所mine main substation 矿山总体布置overall layout of mine 矿山总图运输mine layout and transport矿石回采率ore recovery矿石视在回采率ratio of extracted ore to reserve consumed矿石损失率ore loss rate 矿石损失与贫化ore loss and dilution 矿石运搬handling of broken ore矿石质量控制ore quality control矿石最低工业品位minimum industrial grade of ore矿体ore body矿石可崩性cavability of orebody矿体最大允许夹石厚度permissible maximum thickness of gangue parting 矿体最小可采厚度minimum mining thickness of orebody矿田mine field矿图mine survey map矿物mineral矿岩氧化自燃spontaneous combustion of ore矿用火箭弹mining rocket矿用扇风机mine fan 矿用水泵mine pump矿用炸药mining explosive 矿柱尺寸计算calculation of pillar size矿柱回采pillar recovery雷管detonator犁松机ripper立爪装载机digging arm loader连续绳斗采矿法continuous line bucket mining system联合采矿法combined mining method 联合开拓法combined development method链斗挖掘机bucket-chain excavator 料石砌碹支护stone support裂隙fissure裂隙岩体底摩擦模型base friction model of fissured rock溜槽chute溜井ore pass溜井加固reinforcement of ore—pass 溜井掘进orepass driving 溜井通风除尘dust control at ore—pass留矿采矿法shrinkage stope流砂层quick sand bed漏斗采矿法glorghole mining method 漏斗底部结构funnel sill structure 露天采矿场电气设备接地grounding of open-pit electrical equipment露天采矿场防雷lightning—protecting of open-pit 露天采矿场构成要素construction element of open pit露天采矿场配电electric power distribution of open-pit mine露天铲运机scraper露天铲运机采装scraper loading露天地下联合开采combined opencut—and—underground mining露天开采surface mining露天开采境界open—pit limit露天开采境界圈定的计算机方法computerized method for the design of open—pit limit 露天矿半固定破碎站semi-stationary crushing plant in open—pit 露天矿半连续运输开采工艺semi-continuons transportation of openpit露天矿爆破open pit blasting露天矿爆破测量blasting surveying of surface mine 露天矿爆破孔网布置blast hole pattern in open pit 露天矿采剥方法mining and stripping procedure of open-pit露天矿采场边坡稳定slope stability of openpit露天矿采掘带mining cut of open—pit 露天矿采装open pit loading 露天矿穿孔open pit drilling露天矿带式输送机道开拓development of open—pit with conveyer beltway 露天矿带式输送机运输open pit transportation by belt conveyor 露天矿陡帮开采push-back mining of open-pit露天矿防尘dust control in open-pit 露天矿分期开采open pit mining by stages 露天矿高程控制测量vertical control surveying of surface mine露天矿工业场地总平面布置general layout for open pit industrial site露天矿工作面working face of open—pit露天矿工作线working line of open pit露天矿公路开拓development of open—pit with haulage road 露天矿公路运输open pit transportation by haulage road 露天矿固定坑线开拓development of open—pit with fixed haulage way 露天矿计算机调度系统computer—based dispatching system in open pit mine 矿石贫化率ore dilution矿体二次圈定second delineation of ore body 露天矿间断运输开采工艺non-continuous transportation of open-pit露天矿开段沟working trench of open-pit露天矿开拓open—pit development 露天矿连续运输开采工艺full—continuous transportation of open—pit露天矿联合开拓combined development of open pit 露天矿连续运输combined transportation of open pit 露天矿溜井生产管理management of ore—pass in open pit 露天矿溜井降段setting down the collar of ore-pass in open pit露天矿溜井运输open pit transportation by ore-pass露天矿排水drainage in open—pit露天矿平硐溜井开拓development of open pit with tunnel and ore-pass露天矿平面控制测量plane control surverying of surface mine 露天矿汽车运输的计算机调度computer—based dispatching of open—pit haul-truck 露天矿山surface mine露天矿深孔爆破hole blasting in open —pit 露天矿生产测量production surveying of surface mine 露天矿生产工艺production technology of open pit 露天矿生产能力production capacity of open—pit 露天矿水力开采surface hydraulic mining 露天矿提升机道开拓development of open-pit with hoist—way 露天矿提升机运输open pit hoisting露天矿铁路开拓development of open—pit withrailroad 露天矿铁路运输open pit transportation by railroad 露天矿通风ventilation for open-pit露天矿线路测量route surveying of surface mine 露天矿新水平准备preparation of new level 露天矿选别采矿法selection mining method of open-pit露天矿移动坑线开拓development of open—pit with movable haulage way 露天矿运输open pit transportation 露天矿组合台阶combined—bench of open-pit 露天连续采矿机continuous surface miner露体转地下开采transition of open—pit mining to underground mining 露天钻车surface drill rig轮斗堆取料机bucket—wheel stackerreclaimer轮斗挖掘机bucket-wheel excavator 轮斗挖掘采装bucket wheel excavator loading轮胎式轮斗装载机tyre bucket—wheel loader落矿breaking ground马头门Inset马头门掘进shaft inset construction盲井blind shaft盲炮misfire 锚杆钻装车jumbolter 锚固anchor 锚索钻装车cable bolter猛度brisance猛炸药high explosive密闭除尘系统airtight dust-exhausting system 模拟放矿simulation of ore drawing 摩擦提升防滑安全系数anti—slip safety factor of frictionhoist 木支架支护timber support内燃电力机车diesel-electric locomotive内燃凿岩机petrol—drive rock drill 耦合装药coupling loading爬罐raise climber 耙斗装载机scraper—typeloader 排水管道drainage pipeline排土机排土waste disposal with over-burden spreader排土犁排土waste disposal with plough抛掷爆破throw blasting抛掷充填机slinger belt stowing machine炮孔排水车blasthole dewatering truck 炮孔填塞机blasthole stemming machine炮孔预装药pre-charging of blast-hole 配矿ore blending喷锚支护原理mechanism of shotcrete—bolt supporting 平地底部结构sill structure with level bottom at handing elevation 平硐adit平硐场地总平面布置general layout for adit site 平硐开拓法development method with adit 平均剥采比average stripping ratio 平面型滑坡稳定性计算slope stability analysis of plane failure平盘bench floor平巷drift平巷地压ground pressure around tunnel平巷盾构法掘进drafting by shield平巷掘进drafting平巷掘进机掘进drifting with drift borer平巷掘进机械drifting machine平巷掘进机械化作业线mechanized operating line for drifting 平巷流变地压理论ground pressure around tunnel in theological rock平巷普通法掘进drifting by conventional method平巷弹塑性地压理论ground presseure around tunnel in elastic—plastic rock 平巷特殊法掘进drifting by special method平巷钻进机tunnel boring mechine 坡积层talus accumulation 破碎站场地site for crushing station破碎转载站crushing-and—transfering plant 普氏地压理论P theory of ground pressure 普氏岩石坚固性分级P classification of rock firmness by起爆方法method of initiation起爆间隔delay interval of priming起爆敏感度sensitivity to initiation 起爆器exploder起爆顺序initiation sequence起爆药initiating explosive气动凿岩机pneumatic rock drill气镐pneumatic pick 气力充填pneumatic filling 气力提升采矿法air lift mining system 气力提升设备pneumatic hoisting equipment气力运输管道pneumatic conveying pipeline钎杆rod钎头bit钎尾shank牵引变电所traction substation牵引索traction rope 牵引网traction network潜孔钻机down—the—hole drill 潜孔凿岩down—the—holedrilling 浅眼爆破short—hole blasting 堑沟底部结构trench sill structure 强化开采intensification of mining切割cutting切削破碎岩石cutting rock breakage 倾覆滑坡稳定性计算stability analysis of toppling failure清车器cleaner for ming car清扫平台cleaning berm球状药包爆破blasting with sphirecal cartridge全面采矿法breasting mining method 热力破碎岩石thermal breaking of rock人车manrider人工河床artificial river-bed溶浸采矿废水处理treatment of waste water from leaching process in mine 溶浸开采leaching mining 乳化炸药emulsion explosive 三级矿量three grades of reserves三下开采mining under surface water—body,building or railway 散体内竖井地压理论ground pressure around shaft in loose rock砂泵gravel pump 砂矿测量placer surveying 砂矿水力输送hydraulic transport of placer山坡露天矿hillside open cut扇形工作线采矿法fan-shaped advancing cut mining method商品矿石commodity ore 上向分层充填采矿法cut-and-fill stoping 上向进路充填采矿法drift—and-fill miningstoping 上向式凿岩机stoper上装铲掘沟法trenching with long-range shovel深部开采deep mining深孔爆破longhole blasting深孔测量long hole surveying深孔装药自动控制automatic control of longhole loading深露天矿deep open pit深热矿井通风ventilation in hot and deep mines升降台车lift truck生产剥采比produetion stipping ratio 生产备用矿块数number of standby stoping block生产勘探productive exploration生产勘探技术technique of productive exploration声波测量acoustic measurement 声发射监测acoustic emission monitoring湿式凿岩除尘dust-removing by wet—drilling 石门cross cut手持式凿岩机hand-held rock drill疏干巷道dewatering adit竖井vertical shaft竖井板桩法掘进shaft sinking by sheet-piling method竖井表土普通法支护shaft sinking in surface soil 竖井场地总平面布置general layout for shaft site 竖井沉井法掘进drop shaft sinking竖井地压ground pressure around shaft 竖井冻结法掘进shaft-sinking by freezing method竖井反铲装岩机shaft backhoe mucker竖井混凝土帷幕法掘进shaft sinking by concrete curtain wall method 竖井基岩普通法施工shaft sinking in rock by conventional method 竖井井筒装备shaft installation竖井掘进工业场地布置surface layout for shaft sinking竖井掘进机械shafting machine竖井掘进机械化作业线mechanized operating line for shaft sinking竖井掘进排水drainage in shaft sinking竖井掘进设备shaft sinking equipment竖井掘进提升hoist in shaft sinking 竖井掘进通风shaft sinking ventilation竖井掘进凿岩爆破drilling and blasting in shaft sinking竖井掘进装岩shaft mucking竖井开拓法development method with vertical shaft竖井临时支护temporary support in shaft sinking 竖井施工shaft sinking竖井施工测量surveying for shaft sinking 竖井特殊法掘进special method of shaft sinking竖井延深shaft deepening竖井延深保护盘protective cover for shaft deepening。
采矿工程专业英语词汇手册（Glossary of Special English in Mining Engineering ）采矿工程专业内部讲义二零零七年三月ContentChapter 3 .1 Mining method (2)Chapter 3.2 Mine preplanning (3)Chapter3.3 Mine development (4)Chapter 4.1 W all mining introduction (5)Chapter 4.2 Ground control aspects ..... (6)Chapter 4.3 Roof support system (7)Chapter 4.4 Longwall coal-getting machine (8)Chapter 4.5 Convey system (8)Chapter 4.6 Mine V etilation (10)Chapter 5 Pillaring system (11)Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and support (12)Chapter 7 Novel methods of mining…………………………………………………..……..Chapter 3 .1 Mining methodmining method 采矿方法；mining operation 采矿作业；transportation 运输；ventilation 通风；ground control 顶板管理；the cost of per ton of coal 吨煤成本；recovery 回采率；subside v. subsidence n.地表沉陷；subsidence control 地表沉陷控制cover 覆盖层；overburden 上覆地层；immediate roof 直接顶；floor 底板；dip （Pitch）倾角；hardness 硬度；strength 强度；cleavage 解理；gas，methane 瓦斯daily operation 日常工作single operation 单一工序unit operation 单元作业auxiliary operation辅助作业cutting n. 切割，掏槽；blasting n. 爆破loading n. 装煤haul v. 运输，搬运drainage n.排水power n. 动力power Supply 动力供应communication n. 通讯lighting n.照明。
