医学英语疾病介绍——Breast Cancer(乳腺癌)ppt课件

格式：ppt
大小：2.41 MB
文档页数：12

下载文档原格式

医学英语疾病介绍——Breast Cancer(乳腺癌)ppt课件

Causes And Risk Factors
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้Breast Cancer Genes
—
The genes most commonly involved in breast cancer are known as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Women with mutations( 突变) in these genes have up to an 80 percent chance of getting breast cancer at some point in life(有大于80%的几率在其一生的某个年龄段罹患乳腺癌).
Comedocarcinoma(粉刺癌)(隶属非浸润性癌中的导管内原位癌 (DCIS)) high grade malignant([mə'lɪgnənt]) cells, central necrosis([ne'krəʊsɪs]), micro calcifications([,kælsɪfɪ'keɪʃən])(高度恶性细胞，中央区域坏死，微钙化)
Breast Anatomy — Site(发病部位):
inner upper quadrant (内上四分之一区域) outer upper quadrant (外上四分之一区域)
50% 10% Central zone(中心区域)
20%
10%
inner lower quadrant (内下四分之一区域)
Causes And Risk Factors
Risk Factors in Your Control
—
Being overweight(过度肥胖), getting too little exercise(极少锻炼), and drinking more than one alcoholic beverage per day(每天喝超过一定量的含酒精饮料) can raise the risk of developing breast cancer. Birth control pills(避孕药) and some forms of postmenopausal([pəʊst,menəʊ‘pɔːzəl]) hormone therapy(某些形式的绝经后激素疗法) can also boost your risk(提高发病几率).

乳腺癌 ppt课件

期乳腺癌，尤其是乳腺内侧癌肿由于创伤太大目前很少采用
③ 改良根治术 (modified radical mastectomy) 单纯乳腺切除，同时作淋巴结清除，术中保留胸肌。适用于腋窝无或少有可推动淋巴结者。适用于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌，目前常用
乳腺癌改良根治术后5月
乳腺癌改良根治术后3月
5、其他罕见型纤维腺瘤癌变、富脂质癌、乳头样瘤癌变
转移途径
1、直接浸润：可浸润皮肤、胸大肌。胸筋膜等组织
2、淋巴转移途径：乳头、乳晕、乳房外侧约60%-70%向同侧腋窝转移。乳腺内侧病灶约有30%左右发生内乳淋巴结转移。
3、血运途径转移：可经淋巴途径进入血液循环，最常见的转移部位在肺、骨、肝
动一般。可疼痛。 4 可有结核中毒症状，抗结核有效。
乳房肉瘤（Breast sarcoma）
较少见。常见50岁以上，表现为乳房肿块，体积可较大但界限较清楚，皮肤表面可有扩张的静脉, 血行转移为主，淋巴结转移少见。
治疗：单纯乳房切除。
常用的分期
TNM分期
Tx 原发肿瘤无法评估
组织学分级
GX 不能判断分化程度。 G1 高分化（预后好） G2 中分化（预后中等） G3 低分化（预后差）
治疗
治疗原则
尽早实施手术，辅以化疗、放疗、内分泌、分子靶向、中药等措施的综合治疗。
病变局限时，局部治疗为主，辅以术前术后的全身治疗，病变广泛时，全身治疗为主，局部治疗为辅。
20世纪初期出现了增加清扫内乳淋巴结的扩大根治术
50年代由于对乳腺癌认识的改变出现了改良根治术
70年代后放疗和化疗的长足进步使保留乳房而又根治乳腺癌的保乳手术进入临床

(医学课件)乳腺疾病PPT演示课件

诊断检查
• 钼靶照相（Mammogra • 活检（Biopsy）
常规（routine use）
超声检查

鉴别乳腺包块

囊性或实体? 良性或恶性?

超声引导下活检

重复性好
27
核磁共振（MRI）

敏感性高进一步明确超声波，乳腺 X 光检查结果，发现隐匿性病变
空芯针穿刺细
胞检查
活体组织切除病理检查（活检）。诊断：临床表现结合辅助检查。治疗：
保守治疗：饮食治疗，疏肝理气，调和充任，
调整卵巢功能软坚散结，活血化瘀。手术治疗：病理检查发现上皮细胞非典型增生，可行单纯乳房手术切除。
乳腺纤维腺瘤

病因：小叶内纤维细胞对雌激素的敏感性异常增高。

乳腺脓肿
乳腺囊性增生病 • 本病也称为慢性囊性增生病（简称乳腺病或乳腺增生） • 多发病，好发年龄25-45岁，是生理性雌激素刺激过度或变异反应而复旧不全形成的乳腺正常结构紊乱。 • 病因：内分泌，卵巢功能功能失调或精神因素（黄体酮分
泌减少，雌激素增多或相对增多）。
• 病理：乳腺随月经周期显示增多而复旧的周期性改变。 • 主要是乳腺间质的增生，增生可发生在乳管周围并伴有大小不等的囊肿形成，也可发生在腺管内而变现为上皮细胞的乳头样增生，办乳管的囊性扩张。
乳腺疾病（Diseases of the Breast）
We are going to see...

乳腺解剖（Breast 乳腺检查（Breast
anatomy）

examination）

乳腺良性疾病（Benign
乳腺癌（Breast cancer）

乳腺癌最全面的ppt课件

• 7.脏腑失调《诸病源候论》曰：“积聚者，由阴阳不和，脏腑虚弱，受于风邪，搏于脏腑之气所为也。”脏腑亏损，功能失调，气血运行失常，或先天不足，脏腑虚损，均是导致癌瘤发生的重要因素。
• 总之，乳腺癌病位在乳腺，其发病与肝、脾、肾等脏腑功能失常，气血不足、冲任失调，气、血、津液运行受阻有关，其病机可概括为正虚邪实，在正气虚弱(气、血、阴、阳虚衰)和各种致病因素长期作用下，可致气滞、血癌、痰浊、蕴毒搏结，病发于乳，形成乳岩。
• 2.情志内伤肝主疏泄，调畅气机，七情失调，郁怒伤肝，则肝失疏泄，气机郁滞；气能行血、气能行津，气机郁滞会导致血行不畅而血瘀，即气滞血瘀，血瘀进而导致夜血病理产物形成；气机郁滞还会导致气滞律停为痰，形成气滞、疚血、痰浊相互搏结于乳络日久蕴毒的病理状态。
• 思则气结，忧思伤脾，使脾气郁结，不能正常运化水液，水液内停形成痰浊，痰浊又可阻滞气的流通而形成气滞，影响血的运行而形成血瘀，血瘀进而导致瘀血产生，日久亦会形成气滞、瘀血、痰浊交阻于乳络进而生毒的病理状态。《外科正宗》曰： “忧郁伤肝，思虑伤脾，积想在心，所愿不得志，致经络痞涩，聚结成核，初如豆大，渐若围棋子，半年一年，二载三载，不疼不痒，渐渐而大，始生疼痛，痛则无解，日后肿如堆栗，或如覆碗，紫色气秽，渐渐溃烂，深者如岩穴，凸者若泛莲，疼痛连心，出血则臭，其时五脏俱衰，四大不救，名曰乳岩。”
• (2)淋巴道转移主要途径有二：一是腋下淋巴结转移，其转移率约为60％，癌细胞沿胸大肌外侧缘淋巴管侵入腋窝淋巴结，进而侵人锁骨下、上淋巴结，甚至侵入静脉血流向全身转移。癌体越大，恶性程度越高，腋窝淋巴结的转移率越高，转移数越多。即使末发现腋下淋巴结肿大，术后也常在病理切片上发现有腋下淋巴结的转移。二是胸骨旁淋巴结转移，其转移率为30％左右，癌细胞向内侧侵入胸骨旁淋巴结，继而到锁骨上淋巴结，并可侵入血流向远处转移。

乳腺癌演讲PPT课件

化疗是使用抗癌药物(也称为细胞毒性)旨在摧毁癌细胞的治疗。
vein detained needle
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter
Side effects of Chemotherap
Some of the most common side effects are nausea and vomiting, hair loss or thinning, sore mouth, mouth ulcers, tiredness and a temporary drop in a number of blood cells (white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets).
adjust to hair loss
Moving Forward
Cancer-related fatigue 化疗相关 LOGO 性疲劳
Fatigue is a very common side effect of breast cancer treatment and it may last for weeks, months or even years. It can come and go or be unrelenting and doesn’t improve with rest or sleep. 疲劳是乳腺癌治疗中非常常见的一种副作用，它可能持续几周、几个月甚至几年。它可以来来去去,或不屈不挠的,并且不能够通过休息或睡眠改善。
乳腺癌的治疗包括手术、化疗、放射治疗、激素治疗或靶向治疗,单独或任何组合。
Side effects of Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is treatment using anti-cancer (also called cytotoxic) drugs which aims to destroy cancer celand the people close to you will be expecting things to get back to normal once treatment has finished. After what you’ve been through, it may not be easy just to go back to work, look after the family or pick up social activities again as if nothing had happened.

乳腺癌英文教学课件breast-cancer(1)全文

of all female cancers. The number of cases worldwide has significantly
increased since the 1970s.
Epidemiology
The incidence of breast cancer varies greatly around the world.
Diagnosis
Mammography Ehe most important mammographic indicators of breat cancers
Masses Malignant masses have a more spiculated appearance
-Ultrasound or stereotactic core biopsy.
-Mammotome -Excisional biopsy
Staging
TNM System (2010)
T: tumor
Tx means that the tumor size cannot be assessed T0: No available of primary tumors Tis: Carcinoma in situ
Risk factors
Family history
Genetics
Carriers of alterations in either of two familial breast cancer genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 up to an 80% risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer
Radiation exposure The effect is strongly related to age at exposure

乳腺疾病课件-英文版

Hyperthermia therapy uses heat to kill cancer cells or make them more sensitive to radiation or chemotherapy. It is often used in combination with other therapies to treat breast cancer.
Benign breast diseases
these include fibrocystic breast disease, galactorrhea, and lactational breast abscess.
Malignant breast diseases
these include breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ, and lobular carcinoma in situ.
Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. It is often used after breast conserving surgery or mastectomy to kill any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence.
Support groups can provide a safe space for survivors to share experiences and offer mutual support.
Mammography can identify suspicious lesions or masses in the breast and is crucial for early diagnosis.

乳腺疾病课件-英文版

Hormonal factors
Hormonal imbalances or
exposure to certain
hormones can influence the development of breast diseases.
Family history
Having a family history of breast
Nipple discharge, nipple
inversion, breast tenderness
Hale Waihona Puke SymptomsGreen or black discharge, breast lump near the nipple
Diagnosis
Clinical exam, imaging tests, ductogram, biopsy
Radiation Therapy
External beam
radiation
Delivers radiation from outside the body to the cancer
site
Internal radiation
Involves placing radioactive
material directly into or near the
Stage II
Tumor 2-5 cm Lymph node involvement
Stage III
Tumor > 5 cm Spread to nearby tissues
● 04
第4章 Treatment Options for Breast Cancer
Surgery
Surgery is a common treatment option for breast cancer. There are two main types of surgical procedures: Lumpectomy, which involves removing the tumor and a small margin of surrounding tissue, and Mastectomy, which involves removing the entire breast. Another procedure, Sentinel lymph node biopsy, is often performed to determine if the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes.

乳腺癌ppt课件

6
3.晚期局部表现 ①肿块固定形成所谓“铠甲胸” ②卫星结节癌细胞浸润表面大片皮肤，表现为局部多数坚硬的结节。 ③皮肤破溃肿瘤向外生长突破皮肤，形成坏死溃疡，易出血感染，有恶臭。
4.转移淋巴转移多为同侧腋下淋巴结转移，少有
对侧转移。早期淋巴结先是散在、活动好，以后数目增多、融合；甚至可和皮肤及深部组织粘联晚期可出现上肢淋巴水肿、锁骨上淋巴结肿大。远处常见肺、骨、肝转移。
11
③ 改良根治术适用于腋窝无或少有可推动淋巴结者，适用于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌，目前常用。 ④全乳腺切除术适用于原位癌微小癌及年迈体弱不宜做根治术病人。 ⑤保留乳房的乳腺癌切除术做象限切除或局部扩大切除加腋窝清扫术，术后必须辅助放、化疗。
12
2.化疗
• 可根据病情实施术前、术中、术后化疗。可降低术后复发率40%。
• CanpatrolCTC检测仅需5-10ml外周血，不会对患者造成任何副作用；可以在肿瘤治疗的任何阶段进行，实时反映肿瘤动态。
• 同时实现CTC细胞的分离、分型和分析，全方位指导肿瘤个体化治疗；能比影像学等常规检查手段更早地反映肿瘤状态。由于CTC的基因特征与肿瘤组织的基因特征高度一致，所以CTC基因分析能同时反映原发灶和转移灶的分子信息，指导个体化治疗。
16
谢谢
17
8
• 诊断
1、根据病人的临床表现 2、乳腺透照、钼靶拍片、B超、核磁共振等有利于诊断。 3、病理学证实。
9
治疗原则
尽早实施手术，辅以化疗、放疗、激素、免疫等措施的综合治疗。
治疗方式
手术化学药物治疗内分泌治疗放射治疗生物治疗
10
• 1、手术治疗 ①经典根治术：整块切除患侧乳腺组织连同癌肿周围5cm宽的皮肤、乳腺周围组织、胸大小肌以及腋窝、锁骨下所有脂肪及淋巴结等软组织 ②扩大根治术在经典根治术的基础上同时切除2、3、 4肋软骨和相应的肋间肌，包括胸廓内动静脉以及周围的淋巴结。适用于Ⅱ、Ⅲ 期乳腺癌，尤其是乳腺内侧癌肿

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

—
Breast Cancer: Why Me?
The most obvious risk factor for breast cancer is being a
woman. Men get the disease, too, but it is about 100
times more common in women. Other top risk factors include being over age 55 or having a close relative(有亲缘关系) who has had the disease. But keep in mind that up to 80% of women
-
3
Breast Cancer Today — In America
Breast cancer today is not what it was 20 years ago. Survival rates are climbing, thanks to greater awareness, more early detection, and advances in treatment. (归功于更多的关注，更早的监测和更先进的治疗技术)
with breast cancer
have no family
history of the illness (80%的乳腺癌患者并无家族病史).
-
7
Causes And Risk Factors
—
Breast Cancer Genes
The genes most commonly involved in breast cancer are
-
2
➢ Breast Cancer Today 概述 ➢ Causes And Risk Factors 病因学 ➢ Breast Anatomy 解剖学结构 ➢ Pathological Changes 病理改变 ➢ Metastasis 转移 ➢ Symptoms 症状 ➢ Signs And Tests 诊断 ➢ Staging 分期 ➢ Treatment 治疗 ➢ Expectations 预后 ➢ Prevention 预防 ➢ Summary 综述
Breast Cancer
乳腺癌
-
1
“粉红丝带”作为全球乳腺癌防治活动的公认标识，用于宣传“及早预防，及早发现，及早治疗”这一信息，足迹遍布全球数十个国家。
各国政府亦将每年的10月定为“乳腺癌防治月”。
粉红丝带是一场关爱乳房的运动，更是人们对健康和美丽的一种追求，她已经成为了一种爱心和时尚，她正在世界各地迅速升温，越来越多的媒体、政要、名人、明星正在参与进来，我们已经进入了一个全新的“粉红时代”。
The incidence of breast cancer from age 40 to 60 years generally, But chinese patients with early age of onset, The 45-year-old is the maximum age of sickness.(乳腺癌的好发年龄为40~60岁，但我国患者发病年龄提前，45岁为发病最高峰)
known as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Women with mutations( 突变) in these genes have up to an 80 percent chance of getting breast cancer at some point in life(有大于80%的几率在其一生的某个年龄段罹患乳腺癌).
Fibrocystic([,faɪbro‘sɪstɪk]) disease(乳腺纤维囊性病) Radiation exposure(射线照射) Obesity(肥胖) Genetic predisposition([priːdɪspə‘zɪʃn])(遗传倾向) Virus(病毒)
-
6
Causes And Risk Factors
cancer every year.(在美国，一年统计数据表明，大约每八个女性中有
一个会罹患乳腺癌)
பைடு நூலகம்
-
4
Breast Cancer Today — In China
China is one of the countries with lower incidence of breast cancer(中国是乳腺癌低发病率的国家之一), But in recent years, the incidence increased significantly(但近年来发病率出现了引人注目的增长), An annual(每年的) increase of 3% to 4%, More than 1 to 2% of the world level, The incidence rate is one of the women most susceptible to tumor(发病率为女性易患肿瘤第一位).
For roughly 200,000 Americans who are diagnosed with breast cancer each year(每年约有二十万美国人被诊断为乳腺癌), there are plenty of reasons to be hopeful.
In America, About 1 out of 8 women are diagnosed with breast
-
5
Causes And Risk Factors
—
Outline
Hormonal influence(激素影响):
Long duration of reproductive([ˌriprəˈdʌktɪv]) life(育龄的长时间持续) Nulliparity([,nʌli‘pærəti]未产妇) Late age at first child(老龄生育) Functioning ovarian([əʊˈveəri:ən]) tumor(卵巢肿瘤影响)

医学英语疾病介绍——Breast Cancer(乳腺癌)ppt课件

合集下载