初探船舶压载水的科学管理

内容摘要

摘要：水生生物经由压载水以及其沉积物侵入到新环境已对世界经济和全球海洋造成了巨大威胁。早在2004年国际海事组织（IMO）对其缔约国就船舶压载水

及其沉积物管理和控制方面通过了《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制与管理公约》

。因此，安全而有效治理船舶压载水及其沉积物已成为国际海洋环境研究中的热

点课题。

首先，在参看众多有关资料的基础上，本文对船舶压载水及其相关问题进行

了综合论述，说明了压载水处理的重要性。其次，简要阐述了多种压载水的管理

办法，并总结和比较了当前正在研究中的压载水处理方法的优缺点和现实实用性。第三，详细介绍了“育鲲轮”船舶压载水的电解处理技术，并就该技术杀灭有

害水生物和病原体的机理以及应用于处理船舶压载水的可行性进行了重点论述

，该技术是一种非常有前景的压载水处理技术。最后，对于“育鲲轮”电解法处理

压载水可能出现的问题进行初步分析，提出个人管理意见并针对压载水处理装置做了设备优选分析。关键词: 水生生物 船舶 压载水 电解法 设备优选ABSTRACT: Aquatic organisms via ballast water and sediments transport into new environment，this has greatly threatened world economy and ocean. IMO (International Maritime Organization) adopted “International convention for the control of ships ballast water and sediments（BWM CONVENTION 2004）” in 2004 . Disposing ships ballast water and sediments safely and efficiently has become a hotpot task in international ocean environment study.Firstly，based on the references，the Paper summarizes the related Problem of ballastwater，clarifies the importance. Secondly，the paper briefly introduces several kinds of treatments of ballast water. Besides, compares the advantages and disadvantages among those treatments and the practicality of the extant methods. Thirdly，the Paper introduces the technology of electrolyzing seawater for the Treatment of ballast Water，which is utilized on “ YuKun”, emphasizes the fundamental mechanism of killing the harmful aquatic Organisms and Pathogens and the Possibility of the technology; The technology is a very Promising treatment. Lastly, the paper initially analyses the problem which might be raised by use of the technology of electrolyzing seawater for the Treatment of ballast Water onboard，makes personal advice about selection of generators of “Yu Kun” BW system .Keywords: Aquatic organisms, ships ballast water, electrolysis，selection of device目录1.前言.............................................................................................................................62. 船舶压载水的管理方法............................................................................................6

2.1压载水置换.......................................................................................................62.1.1排空注入法............................................................................................72.1.2径流法....................................................................................................72.2过滤及漩流分离...............................................................................................7

2.3化学处理方法...................................................................................................8

2.4加热处理...........................................................................................................8

2.5紫外线处理.......................................................................................................9

2.6 超声波处理....................................................................................................10

2.7压载水的其他管理方法.................................................................................10

3. “育鲲”轮电解法处理压载水实例介绍..................................................................10

3.1.“育鲲”轮压载水系统的组成与构造............................................................10

3.1.1 设备型号和参数.................................................................................11

3.1.2 压载水处理系统流程.........................................................................11

3.1.3 “育鲲轮”压载水处理装置操作规程.................................................12

3.2 船舶压载水的电解处理技术........................................................................13

3.2.1电解法处理船舶压载水的国际背景..................................................13

3.2.2电解法处理船舶压载水的机理..........................................................13

4. 实际应用中遇到的问题及解决方法......................................................................14

4.1电解法处理压载水时压载舱的腐蚀.............................................................14

4.1.1船舶压载舱的腐蚀环境......................................................................14

4.1.2电解法产生的腐蚀..............................................................................144.2 压载舱腐蚀的控制........................................................................................15

4.2.1现有防腐的主要措施..........................................................................15

4.2.2船舶压载舱常用的防腐手段..............................................................15

4. 3设备优选的相关意见....................................................................................16结论..............................................................................................................................17【参考文献】..................................................................................................................18