2013年高考英语上海卷(完整word版)[1]

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）模拟试题（九）英语上海高中教研教学Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularyDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Mission 2050Following the success of the Mars 500 mission, the International Space Agency（ISA）has decided to carry out a more extended simulated（模拟的）space mission.‘Mission 2050’will send seven volunteers ___21___（live）for ten years at an isolated, top-secret location, known as‘Novaterra’.Volunteers cannot leave the mission ___22___ they are critically ill. They ___23___ only contact their families and friends every three months by email.The climate and environment of‘Novaterra’___24___（adapt）to reflect what is known about Mars. The mission will be closely monitored by scientists, doctors and psychologists ___25___（research）how to set up real space colonies in the future. ___26___ will be promoted as an important symbol of international co-operation.Its mission statement is to:●involve people ___27___ a cross-section of nationalities, races and social backgrounds●study ___28___ people of different sexes, ages, react under these conditions●study the needs and behavior of any children born into these conditions, etc.●find out the most important characteristics ___29___（need）by future space travelers. The ISA will provide food capsules for three years, but the volunteers should become self-sufficient after this. Water, emergency medical supplies, blankets and basic shelter will also be provided. The volunteers will attend a course ___30___ covers survival skills, agriculture and first aid, but practical skills that volunteers can bring will of course be an advantage.Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beGetting ahead in the 21st centuryHave you ever wondered whether you have the skill that you need to succeed in the 21st century? We have the answers.1. Keep learningTen years ago, nobody was designing apps for mobile phones or using social media to reach new customers. Now these are popular jobs for ___31___. As the world of work changes, we need to change, too. In the past, you just had to ask your uncle to get you a job in his company. Thesedays we need to ___32___ our strengths and constantly improve our skills. Business guru Heinz Landau suggests spending ten percent of your time on ___33___ improvement; for example, learning a language or a new computer programme. As somebody once said,‘If you work hard on your job, you can make a living. But if you work hard on yourself, you can make a fortune.’2. Learn how to manage your timeWhatever you do these days, you probably have more work and less time than you want. To meet these ___34___, everyone needs strategies to be effective and productive. That means, for example, avoiding ___35___. Julie Morgenstern, author of Never Check E-mail in the Morning, ___36___ using the first hours of the working day to deal with your most important projects. Too often, she says, we start the day with our emails and before we realise, it’s time for lunch. Other tips include shutting the door to your office（if you have one）and only going to meeting if they are ___37___.3. Build up a(n) ___38___ networkDon’t forget: it’s not what you know, it’s who you know. This old saying will holds ___39___ today. Talent, imagination and hard work are important, but your ___40___ are also important. So keep in touch with as many people as possible, help them when you can and maybe one day they will be able to help you, too. And if that doesn’t work, you can always ask your uncle for a job!Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Where do new words come from? Few are purely ___41___, in the sense of being coined from a string of sounds chosen more or less at random. Most tend to be existing words given new meaning. ___42___, a word changes its parts of speech. And in some of the most creative instances, people chop words and ___43___ them to make new ones.“New Danish Words, With Origin”a book by Jorgen Norby Jensen, shows how ___44___ new Danish forms are created by Danes from Danish roots for specifically Danish circumstances. Instead, the great majority come, one way or another, from English.The ___45___ examples are those that are borrowed wholesale. Mr Jensen offers“foodie”，“selfie”，“clickbait”，“blog”and“Brexit”. Words of more exotic（国外的）origin include“emoji”and“barista”，which have their origins in Japanese and Italian. But these too, Mr Jensen writes, come through English, not ___46___ from those languages.In another category are“___47___”words and expressions that are unknown to English-speakers. Danes have long said that someone who is fresh and ready to go is“fit for fight”. Such faux-anglicisms are common in other languages too: the German Handy（mobile phone）or Kicker（table football），or the French tennisman and tenniswoman. Although linguistic（语言学的）experts in these countries ___48___ these words—it is bad enough to have to borrow English words, but even worse to counterfeit（造假）them, they cannot seem to stop them. But the book of new Danish words shows an even deeper kind of ___49___. Even where words appear Danish, they are often simply part-for-part translations of English words: vejvrede is“road rage”，undskyld mit franske is“pardon my French”，and svingvaelger,“swing voter”. This shows that globalisation is not only in the surface traffic of words, but in the deeper exchange of ___50___.This is not to say that other languages do not ___51___ coin their own words anymore. InDannish, svenskerhar and bundeslighar,“Swede hair”or“Bundesliga hair”，both refer to the cut known in English as a mullet. And curling-foraeldre,“curling parents”，is an interesting ___52___ on“helicopter parents”: rather than hovering over their children, they sweep all obstacles out of their way.So English borrowing is not entirely ___53___ native creativity, even if the heavy thumbprint of English on virtually every language in the globalized world is increasingly clear. This is not because English is particularly wonderful or flexible in itself; it is more to do with the influence of innovations from English speaking countries.It may be that the spread of concepts from English out, rather than the other way round, is in fact to the discredit of the English-speaking world. Words spread from English because people learn English; cultural secrets are more likely to be ___54___ in other cultures where outsiders cannot find them. Perhaps English speakers are the real ___55___ in this exchange.41. A. invented B. chosen C. pronounced D. known42. A. Without any reason B. On the wholeC. To some degreeD. In other cases43. A. re-read B. repeated C. re-discover D. recombine44. A. often B. rarely C. slowly D. fast45. A. obvious B. strange C. abstract D. conflicting46. A. reasonably B. surprisingly C. directly D. necessarily47. A. German B. Danish C. English D. French48. A. criticize B. accept C. use D. remove49. A. knowledge B. influence C. concern D. prejudice50. A. standards B. promises C. statements D. concepts51. A. apparently B. creatively C. purposefully D. patiently52. A. remark B. twist C. emphasis D. attack53. A. replacing B. promoting C. demanding D. rewarding54. A. introduced B. revealed C. buried D. protected55. A. importers B. exporters C. gainers D. losersSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）If you watch wolves, it’s hard to escape t he conclusion that perhaps no two species are more alike behaviorally than wolves and humans. We can easily recognize the social structures in wolf packs. No wonder human males often face pressure to measure up as“alpha”males—to“wolf up”，as it were. The te rm alpha male implies a man who at every moment demonstrates that he’s in control in the home and who can become aggressive.This alpha male stereotype（固定印象）comes from a misunderstanding of the real thing. “The main characteristic of an alpha male wolf,” the wolf researcher Rick McIntyre told me as we were watching gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park, “is a quiet confidence, quietself-assurance.”The point is, alpha males are not aggressive. There is an evolutionary logic to it.“Imagine two wolf packs, or two human tribes,” McIntyre said. “Which is more likely to survive and reproduce: the one whose members are more cooperative, more sharing, less violent with one another, or the group whose members are beating each other up and competing with one another?”McIntyre has spent 20 years watching and studying wolves in Yellowstone for the National Park Service. He rises early, uses radio telemetry to locate a pack through a radio-collared pack member, then heads out with his spotting scope to observe the animals, keeping careful notes of their activities. In all that time, he has rarely seen an alpha male act aggressively toward the pack’s other members.This does not mean that alpha males are not tough when they need to be. One famous wolf in Yellowstone whose radio collar number, 21, became his name, was considered a “super wolf” by the people who closely observed the arc of his life. He was fierce in defense of family and apparently never lost a fight with a rival pack. Yet within his own pack, one of his favorite things was to wrestle with little wolves and to pretend to lose.One year, a pup was a bit sickly. The other pups seemed to be afraid of him and wouldn’t play with him. Once, after delivering food for the small pups, 21 stood looking around for something. Soon he started wagging his tail. He’d been looking for the sickly little pup, and he went over just to hang out with him for a while.Of all McIntyre’s stories about the super wolf, that’s his favorite. Strength impresses us. But kindness is what we remember best.56. What do people usually think of“alpha males”?A. They are the group of wolves that resemble humans most.B. They are dominant not only at home but also away from home.C. They are fond of fighting against pressure from opponents.D. They are a necessary part of humans’social structures.57. McIntyre is quoted in paragraph 5 in order to ______.A. show alpha male wolves’ characteristic helps their packs surviveB. prove cooperative wolves are more likely to be alpha male wolvesC. stress that being willing to share is what wolves have in commonD. illustrate than an alpha male wolf is born to be touch and aggressive58. After a wolf pack gets a prey（猎物），what will an alpha male wolf most likely do?A. Compete with other pack membersB. Keep it in a place unknown to his packC. Wait until his pack has eaten and is fullD. Make sure that no pack member eats it alone59. It is 21’s _____ that will leave McIntyre and the w riter a lasting impression.A. attackB. defenseC. strengthD. kindness（B）Dear Thomas and Luke,Thanks for your question. First of all, I should mention that not all birds have their eyes on the sides of their heads. Pigeons, parrots and sparrows do, but other birds, such as owls and hawks, have large eyes placed close together at the front of their heads.Whether they have eyes at the front or on the sides of their heads, all birds can still see straight ahead. But that doesn’t mean all birds see things in the same way. In fact, where a bird’s eyes are on its head can tell us a lot about how it sees the world.Where a bird’s eyes are on its head affects its field of vision—that’s how much it can see in front and to the side at any one time. Think about how far you can see to either side without turning your head: these are the limits of your own field of vision.Because owls have eyes at the front of their heads, they have a smaller field of vision—around 150 degrees for a barn owl.Parrots, pigeons and other birds with eyes on the sides of their heads have a much bigger field of vision, of about 300 degrees. Amazingly, this means that they can see in front and a long way to the side, at the same time.Where the eyes are placed decides how a bird views its surroundings using different types of vision. Binocular vision means both eyes focus on the same object at the same time, and eye movement is coordinated—this is the kind of vision that predatory birds such as owls rely on most. Monocular vision means each eye is focused on a different object at any particular moment, and this is normal for parrots and pigeons. Having different kinds of vision helps different kinds of birds survive in the wild.For parrots and pigeons, having eyes on the sides of their heads is a huge advantage. Having a wider field of vision with only a small blind spot behind them lets these birds see where they are going, while also keeping an eye out for predators which might be trying to attack them.For predatory raptors such as barn owls, having forward-facing eyes helps them to see depth and distance much more clearly, since both eyes can focus on the same object at the same time. This is perfect for spotting and catching small prey such as field mice.So though it might s eem like birds with eyes on the side of their heads can’t see where they are going, they can see forward and sideways at the same time, and in fact can see much more than those with eyes facing forwards.60. Which of the following is most likely to be Tho mas and Luke’s question?A. Which kind of birds can see farthest than others?B. Do birds see with their eyes, like we do, or with something else.C. Bird’s eyes are on the side so how do they see where they’re going?D. Birds have eyes that vary in size so why can they see to either side?61. The picture on the right shows _____ field of vision.A. parrots’B. pigeons’C. sparrows’D. owls’62. Which of the following statements is true of the birds that have eyes on the sides?A. They can focus on two things at the same time.B. They have a relatively bigger blind spot behind.C. They can see either see forward or sideways at a time.D. They are better at locating and catching small animals.（C）Monstrous oceanic waves are able to transport boulders（巨石）weighing hundreds of tonnes. The finding helps explain how huge rocks end up atop high cliffs and also implies that storm waves can be more powerful and dangerous than previously thought.Until recently, the heaviest rock known to have been transported by waves was about 200 tonnes. Now Ronadh Cox of Williams College in Massachusetts and her colleagues have found a new record holder: a 620-tonne boulder, equivalent to roughly three Statues of Liberty.Cos found the boulder on the west coast of Ireland. The region was struck by some huge storms during the winter of 2013-2014. When she and her team examined photographs taken before and after the storms, they found the massive boulder had been moved about 2.5 metres.Many researchers didn’t think such heav y boulders could be moved by storm waves, says Cox.“Calculations and force-balancing equations suggested that storm waves did not have sufficient power, so there were people who argued strongly that only tsunamis were capable of moving such huge blocks,”sh e says.However, advances in buoy technology（浮标技术）are making possible more detailed measurements of storm waves, and we now know they can produce huge forces.“It’s fun to show that these giant boulders were moved around during storms, and to imagine the wild energy of the waves,”Cox says.Perhaps the most important part of the new work is its application to assessing dangers caused by waves to coastal areas. The team tracked not only the biggest boulders, but also the distribution of more than a thousand sm aller boulders at many sites along Ireland’s western coast. Cox says the pattern of boulder movements is a guide to the kinds of wave forces that Ireland’s coast, and other like it, might face during future storms.In December, Ireland’s Environmental Prot ection Agency published a report suggesting that storms may become more intense because of climate change; therefore, knowing just how powerful waves can be may prove vital for protecting coastlines where people are living.“A wave that can move a 600-tonn e rock can also move anything else that’s 600 tonnes,”says Cox.“And if storminess increases, as it may well with climate change, then that kind of wave power, currently occurring on remote, exposed coastlines, might be coming to coastlines that do not curr ently experience it.”Cox says it is unlikely the 620-tonne boulder is the biggest object that ocean waves can move. There are boulders in the study area that are even heavier and they bear signs of wave transport. However, they didn’t move during the storms in question, so we don’t yet have definitive evidence that waves can move them.63. What did Cox and her colleagues find?A. High cliffs were mysteriously under water for some time.B. The west coast of Ireland has suffered from more frequent storms.C. A boulder of 200 tonnes was transported by waves to a distant spot.D. A boulder thought too heavy to move traveled a certain distance.64. According to Cox, which of the following is also worth looking at?A. Where boulders arriveB. Where people want to liveC. How high the temperature will beD. How coastlines can defend storms65. It can be inferred from the passage that Cox’s research and finding is especially meaningful now because _____.A. climate change leads to stronger stormsB. buoy technology needs more applicationsC. heavier tocks are potential dangers to touristsD. more people are choosing to live in coastal areas66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Why are boulders traveling in a new direction?B. The biggest ever boulder moving aroundC. Let the boulders fall where they may beD. Boulders: a sign of climate changeSection CDirections：Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentencesHow and when should I exercise?The benefits of exercise have been duly noted and your resolutions have been made. Yes, you want to be fit and live a long and healthy life. ___67___According to standard advice issued by the World Health Organization, adults should be getting at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week to extend their lives, get fit, have stronger muscles and be a healthy weight. If that didn’t already sound a lot, the WHO ways to double that if you want to get further benefits.The good news for those who dislike sports is that it’s possible to stick to these guidelines without entering a gym or breaking into a jog. ___68___This idea fits with evidence from a study last year of more than 130,000 people in 17 countries, which found that walking to work and housework such as vacuuming or mopping the floor are activities enough to reduce the risk of early death by 28 per cent, as long as you do 150 minutes a week. If you aren’t one for housework, you will be pleased to hear that your weekly amount of exercise can be put into the weekend with no ill effects, says Gray O’Donovan of Loughborough University, UK. ___69___ But his team analysed data from more than 63,000 adults in the UK covering 18 yea rs and found that people who favoured a“weekend fighter”plan had pretty much the same reduced risk of early death from all causes as those who spread out exercise.“One weekly exercise is usually sufficient to reduce mortality and morbidity（死亡率和发病率），”O’ Donovan says. Even weekend fighters who did less than the recommended amount for the week fared better than inactive people.___70___“No level of exercise is too much,”says O’Donovan.“There’s no increase in mortality or morbidity if you keep increasing the amount.”Just don’t go too hard each time.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.The end of books? Perhaps notA major online bookseller recently announced that sales of ebooks are now worth more than sales of traditional paperback and hardback combined. So does this mean the end of the traditional paper novel as we know it?I love the availability of ebooks, the fact that within one device, I can be recommended a book that I’ll most likely enjoy, order it and start reading it, all in a matter of minutes. I no longer have to spend hours walking along endless shelves in a book shop, trying to decide whether I’l l actually enjoy the book I’ve chosen. It’s easier to travel light nowadays, too, as I just carry hundreds of books round with me in one simple device.But does this really mean the book is dead? I don’t think so. After all, the same thing was said about the rise of television, and radio before that. In fact, as far back as 1835, Theophile Gautier, in his novel Mademoiselle de Maupin, declared,“The newspaper is killing the books, as the book killed architecture.”You see, the traditional book is a tough character. There’s something almost romantic about it, whether it’s the smell of its pages, or the way it’s like a trusty friend that fits reassuringly under your arm on the train or bus, which tells the world a little about you by its cover. It can be an old friend that we return to when we’re feeling down, and our bookshelves stand as a kind of history of our lives, with each faded cover holding memories and pleasures unique to each of us.What the online bookseller didn’t mention when reporting their sales f igures is that sales of paperback and hardback books are also rising, and that this particular bookseller, while huge, has only 19% of the overall market for novels. Of course, the ebook is going to have its place in the future, but it will simply become another form of media we comet to enjoy.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 电池使用前必须充电。

高考英语中译英测验 1（A）Section A1.商店里的商品琳琅满目，让我们眼花缭乱。

（accustomed）2. 他利用她人好心软，三番五次向她借钱。

（advantage）3.在西方国家绝对不要问有关工资这样的隐私问题。

（ask）4.她已向这家公司申请担任秘书。

（apply）5.在旧社会，出身贫寒的人很少有接受教育的机会。

(access)6.这个获胜者因她的画而得了一等奖。

（award）7.必须立刻采取行动以减少台风带来的损失。

（action）8.边开车边打手机是违反交通规则的。

（against）9.我向你保证我有能力解决这个问题。

（ability）10.你该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。

（apologize）11.显而易见，这个国家的人每时每刻都可以喝到新鲜牛奶。

（available）12.我很高兴被聘请担任北京奥运会的口译员。

（act）13.丰富的网络资讯吸引老老少少上网冲浪。

（attract）14.这位科学家终日废寝忘食地埋首于研究。

（absorb）15.十分感激你给我这次面试的机会。

（appreciate）16.各色阳伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。

（add to）17.人生可贵，不要为日常琐事而忧心忡忡。

（anxious）18.再你做决定之前请考虑一下我的感受。

（account）19.我已安排了一辆出租车去机场接你。

（arrange）20.在山区，很多同我年纪相仿的儿童上不起学。

（afford）Section B1.在发展经济的同时，我们必须注意节约资源和防止污染。

（attention）2.他的话表明充分意识到了不努力学习的后果。

（aware）3.专家们建议实施这项工程以造福子孙后代。

（advise）4.听说他昨天闹情绪，没来上班。

（absent）5.尽可能的多看书，你的作文会有进步的。

（and）6.有些留学生要过很长时间才能适应新的礼节和风俗。

（adapt）7.是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥，委员们意见不一。

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语第Ⅰ卷（共105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber2. A. She is not hungry. B. She wants to cook.C. She is not tired.D. She wants to dine out.3. A. Promising. B. Isolated C. Crowded. D. Modern4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. The man can see a different view. B. The food is not tasty enough.C. The man cannot afford the food.D. The food is worth the price.6. A. She reads different kinds of books. B. She also finds the book difficult to read.C. She is impressed by the characters.D. She knows well how to remember names.7. A. The man will go to the post office. B. The post office is closed for the day.C. The woman is expecting the newspaper.D. The delivery boy has been dismissed.8. A. She is n o t sure if she can join them. B. She will skip the class to see the film.C. She will ask the professor for leave.D. She does not want to see a film.9. A. Fashion designing is a booming business. B. School learning is a must for fashion designers.C. He hopes to attend a good fashion school.D. The woman should become a fashion designer.10. A. Few people drive within the speed limit. B. Drivers usually obey traffic rules.C. The speed limit is really reasonable.D. The police stop most drivers for speedingSection BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A book publisher. B. A company manager.C. A magazine editor.D. A school principal.12. A. Some training experience. B. A happy family.C. Russian assistants' help.D. A good memory.13. A. Lynn‟s devotion to the family. B. Lynn‟s busy and successful life.C. Lynn‟s g reat performance at work.D. Lynn‟s efficiency in conducting programs. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Economic questions. B. Routine questions.C. Academic questions.D. Challenging questions.15. A. Work experience. B. Educational qualifications.C. Problem-solving abilities.D. Information-gathering abilities.16. A. Features of different types of interview. B. Skills in asking interview questions.C. Changes in three interview models.D. Suggestions for different job interviews.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. — I‟m looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good ideas?— How about the Moon Lake? It is ________ easy reach of the city.A. byB. beyondC. withinD. from26. Those who smoke heavily should remind ________ of health, the bad smell and the feelings of otherpeople.A. theirsB. themC. themselvesD. oneself27. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn‟t enter the house, for he ________ his key at school.A. had leftB. would leaveC. was leavingD. has left28. It‟s a ________ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.A. charming French smallB. French small charmingC. small French charmingD. charming small French29. The school board is made up of parents who ________ to make decisions about school affairs.A. had been electedB. had electedC. have been electedD. have elected30. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ________ they might have.A. however difficultB. how difficultC. whatever difficultyD. what difficulty31. The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really ________.A. to be worriedB. to worryC. having worriedD. worried32. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ________ society for real-life experience.A. exploreB. to exploreC. exploringD. explored33. I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn‟t working, so could you fix it for me?A. whatB. whyC. ifD. which34. Young people may risk ________ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone35. Sophia got an e-mail ________ her credit card account number.A. asking forB. ask forC. asked forD. having asked for36. I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise ________ I am sitting.A. beforeB. untilC. unlessD. where37. ________ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.A. To lookB. LookingC. Having lookedD. Look38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. what39. Among the crises that face humans ________ the lack of natural resources.A. isB. areC. is thereD. are there40. Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in ________ they arewearing.A. thatB. whatC. howD. whichSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As infants, we can recognize our mothers within hours of birth. In fact, we can recognize the 41 of our mother‟s face well before we can recognize her body shape. It‟s 42 how the brain can carry out such a function at such a young age, especially since we don‟t learn to walk and talk until we are over a year old. By the time we are adults, we have the ability to distinguish around 100,000 faces. How can we remember so many faces when many of us find it difficult to 43 such a simple thing as a phone number? The exact process is not yet fully understood, but research around the world has begun to define the specific areas of the brain and processes 44 for facial recognition.Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology believe that they have succeeded in 45a specific area of the brain called the fusiform face area (FFA), which is used only for facial recognition. This means that recognition of familiar objects such as our clothes or cars, is from 46 in the brain. Researchers also have found that the brain needs to see the whole face for recognition to take place. It had been 47 thought that we only needed to see certain facial features. Meanwhile, research at University College London has found that facial recognition is not a single process, but 48 involves three steps. The first step appears to be an analysis of the physical features of a person‟s face, which is similar to how we scan the bar codes of our groceries. In the next step, the brain decides whether the face we are looking at is already known or unknown to us. And finally, the brain furnishes the information we have collected about the person whose face we are looking at. This complex 49 is done in a split second so that we can behave quickly when reacting to certain situations. (324 words)III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization 50 for all?According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes 53 at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. 55 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually 58 from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 59 , they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to 60 their products may soon face fierce competition that could pot them out of 61 . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out.One thing is certain about globalization—there is no 63 . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The 64 now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all. (347 words)50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy51. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D. owing53. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase54. A. doubt B. define C. advocate D. ignore55. A. In addition B. For instance C. In other words D. All in all56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign57. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn59. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise60. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise61. A. trouble B. business C. power D. mind62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out63. A. taking off B. getting along C. holding out D. turning back64. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challengeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AFor some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music set them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,”says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition.Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesn‟t involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can‟t see certain colors.Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say, …No thanks, I‟m amusic,‟” says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.”(335 words)65. Which of the following is true of amusics?A. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them.B. They love places where they are likely to hear music.C. They can easily tell two different songs apart.D. Their situation is well understood by musicians.66. According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who __________.A. dislikes listening to speechesB. can hear anything nonmusicalC. has a hearing problemD. lacks a complex hearing system67. In the last paragraph, Margaret expressed her wish that __________.A. her problem with music had been diagnosed earlierB. she were seventeen years old rather than seventyC. her problem could be easily explainedD. she were able to meet other amusics68. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. Amusics‟ strange behaviours.B. Some people‟s inability to enjoy music.C. Musical talent and brain structure.D. Identification and treatment of amusics.B(268 words)69. According to Warranty Limitations, a product can be under warranty if __________.A. shipped from a Canadian factoryB. rented for home useC. repaired by the user himselfD. used in the U.S.A.70. According to Owner’s Responsibilities, an owner has to pay for __________.A. the loss of the sales receiptB. a servicer‟s overtime workC. the product installationD. a mechanic‟s transportation71. Which of the following is true according to the warranty?A. Consequential damages are excluded across America.B. A product damaged in a natural disaster is covered by the warranty.C. A faulty cabinet due to rust can be replaced free in the second year.D. Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.CA team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.“It‟s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemin gly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it‟s connected to,”said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers‟ fields or on the battlefield.“Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”(392 words)72. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that __________.A. they had no model in their mindB. they did not have sufficient timeC. they had no ready-made componentsD. they could not assemble the components73. It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly __________.A. consists of a flight device and a control systemB. can just fly in limited areas at the present timeC. can collect information from many sourcesD. has been put into wide application74. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.D. Wood‟s design can replace animals in some experiments.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Father of Robotic FlyB. Inspiration from Engineering ScienceC. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life InsectD. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect StudySection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76.The use of health supplements such as multivitamin tablets has increased greatly in the western world.People take these supplements because advertising suggests that they prevent a range of medical conditionsfrom developing.However, there isconcern thatpeople are consuming worryingly high doses of thesesupplements and the European Union (EU) has issued a directive that will ban the sale of a wide range of77.who take Vitamin C supplements of over 5000 milligrams a day are more likely to develop cancer. This shows how much damage these health supplements do to people‟s health. A spokesman for the health supplement industry has argued that other research shows that Vitamin78.people would get the fuel they needed. This, it was argued, would mean a more efficient use of time as people wouldn‟t have to waste it preparing or eating meals. The EU directive would help prevent this79.Peop0le already take too many pills instead of adopting a healthier lifestyle. For example, the consumption of painkillers in Britain in 1998 was 21 tablets per year for every man, woman and child in80.Some might argue that the EU directive denies people‟s right to freedom of choice. However, there are many legal examples for such intervention when it is in the individual‟s best interests. We now make people wear seatbelts rather than allowing them to choose to do so. Opposing the EU directive would meanbeneficial measures like this would be threatened.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.They found that almost all of the categories (类别) showed a drop in these “mood words” over time. Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media—movies, radio, drama—had more emotional content than books.”Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events.During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War. Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true.“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression(压抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing …filled with romance and sex‟… perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 81. A study of more than five million books indicated a decline in “mood words” over time except_______________.82. According to Dr Alberto Acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that_______________.83. What were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest?84. While the researchers found some changes in the use of “mood words” in books, they werenot sure that _______________.第Ⅱ卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 今年元旦我们玩得很开心。

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语第Ⅰ卷（共105分）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. — I’m looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good ideas?— How about the Moon Lake? It is ________ easy reach of the city.A. byB. beyondC. withinD. from26. Those who smoke heavily should remind ________ of health, the bad smell and the feelings of otherpeople.A. theirsB. themC. themselvesD. oneself27. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he ________ his key at school.A. had leftB. would leaveC. was leavingD. has left28. It’s a ________ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.A. charming French smallB. French small charmingC. small French charmingD. charming small French29. The school board is made up of parents who ________ to make decisions about school affairs.A. had been electedB. had electedC. have been electedD. have elected30. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ________ they might have.A. however difficultB. how difficultC. whatever difficultyD. what difficulty31. The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really ________.A. to be worriedB. to worryC. having worriedD. worried32. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ________ society for real-life experience.A. exploreB. to exploreC. exploringD. explored33. I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me?A. whatB. whyC. ifD. which34. Young people may risk ________ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone35. Sophia got an e-mail ________ her credit card account number.A. asking forB. ask forC. asked forD. having asked for36. I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise ________ I am sitting.A. beforeB. untilC. unlessD. where37. ________ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.A. To lookB. LookingC. Having lookedD. Look38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. what39. Among the crises that face humans ________ the lack of natural resources.A. isB. areC. is thereD. are there40. Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in ________ they arewearing.A. thatB. whatC. howD. whichSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As infants, we can recognize our mothers within hours of birth. In fact, we can recognize the 41 of our mother ’s face well before we can recognize her body shape. It ’s 42 how the brain can carry out such a function at such a young age, especially since we don ’t learn to walk and talk until we are over a year old. By the time we are adults, we have the ability to distinguish around 100,000 faces. How can we remember so many faces when many of us find it difficult to 43 such a simple thing as a phone number? The exact process is not yet fully understood, but research around the world has begun to define the specific areas of the brain and processes 44 for facial recognition.Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology believe that they have succeeded in 45 a specific area of the brain called the fusiform face area (FFA), which is used only for facial recognition. This means that recognition of familiar objects such as our clothes or cars, is from 46 in the brain. Researchers also have found that the brain needs to see the whole face for recognition to take place. It had been 47 thought that we only needed to see certain facial features. Meanwhile, research at University College London has found that facial recognition is not a single process, but 48 involves three steps. The first step appears to be an analysis of the physical features of a person ’s face, which is similar to how we scan the bar codes of our groceries. In the next step, the brain decides whether the face we are looking at is already known or unknown to us. And finally, the brain furnishes the information we have collected about the person whose face we are looking at. This complex 49 is done in a split second so that we can behave quickly when reacting to certain situations. (324 words)III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization 50 for all?According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes 53 at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. 55 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually 58 from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 59 , they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to 60 their products may soon face fierce competition that could pot them out of 61 . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out.One thing is certain about globalization—there is no 63 . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The 64 now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.(347 words)50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy51. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D. owing53. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase54. A. doubt B. define C. advocate D. ignore55. A. In addition B. For instance C. In other words D. All in all56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign57. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn59. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise60. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise61. A. trouble B. business C. power D. mind62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out63. A. taking off B. getting along C. holding out D. turning back64. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challengeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AFor some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.”People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music set them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,”says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition.Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesn’t involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors.Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say, ‘No thanks, I’m amusic,’” says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.”(335 words)65. Which of the following is true of amusics?A. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them.B. They love places where they are likely to hear music.C. They can easily tell two different songs apart.D. Their situation is well understood by musicians.66. According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing”is probably one who __________.A. dislikes listening to speechesB. can hear anything nonmusicalC. has a hearing problemD. lacks a complex hearing system67. In the last paragraph, Margaret expressed her wish that __________.A. her problem with music had been diagnosed earlierB. she were seventeen years old rather than seventyC. her problem could be easily explainedD. she were able to meet other amusics68. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. Amusics’ strange behaviours.B. Some people’s inability to enjoy music.C. Musical talent and brain structure.D. Identification and treatment of amusics.B(268 words)69. According to Warranty Limitations, a product can be under warranty if __________.A. shipped from a Canadian factoryB. rented for home useC. repaired by the user himselfD. used in the U.S.A.70. According to Owner’s Responsibilities, an owner has to pay for __________.A. the loss of the sales receiptB. a servicer’s overtime workC. the product installationD. a mechanic’s transportation71. Which of the following is true according to the warranty?A. Consequential damages are excluded across America.B. A product damaged in a natural disaster is covered by the warranty.C. A faulty cabinet due to rust can be replaced free in the second year.D. Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.CA team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,”said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield.“Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific question s, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”（392words) 72. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that __________.A. they had no model in their mindB. they did not have sufficient timeC. they had no ready-made componentsD. they could not assemble the components73. It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly __________.A. consists of a flight device and a control systemB. can just fly in limited areas at the present timeC. can collect information from many sourcesD. has been put into wide application74. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.D. Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Father of Robotic FlyB. Inspiration from Engineering ScienceC. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life InsectD. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect StudySection CDirections:Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76.The use ofhealth supplements such asmultivitamin tablets hasincreased greatly in thewestern world. People take these supplements because advertising suggests that they prevent a range of medical conditions from developing. However, there is concern that people are consuming worryingly high doses of these supplements and the European Union (EU) has issued a77.Research suggests that people who take Vitamin C supplements of over 5000 milligrams a day are more likely to develop cancer. This shows how much damage these health supplements do to people’s health. A spokesman for the health supplement industry has argued that other research shows that Vitamin C supplements help prevent heart disease, but we can dismiss this evidence as78.Science fiction of the 1960s and 1970s predicted that pills would replace meals as the way in which people would get the fuel they needed. This, it was argued, would mean a more efficient use of time as people wouldn’t have to waste it preparing or eating meals. The EU directive would79.Peop0le already take too many pills instead of adopting a healthier lifestyle. For example, the consumption of painkillers in Britain in 1998 was 21 tablets per year for every man, woman and80.Some might argue that the EU directive denies people’s right to freedom of choice. However,there are many legal examples for such intervention when it is in the individual’s best interests. We now make people wear seatbelts rather than allowing them to choose to do so. Opposing the EU directive would mean beneficial measures like this would be threatened.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. The researchers from the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.They found that almost all of the categories (类别) showed a drop in these “mood words”over time. Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media—movies, radio, drama—had more emotional content than books.”Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events.During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War. Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true.“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression (压抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance and sex’…perhaps,”they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. A study of more than five million books indicated a decline in “mood words” over time except_______________.82. According to Dr Alberto Acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that_______________.83. What were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest?84. While the researchers found some changes in the use of “mood words” in books, they werenot sure that _______________.第Ⅱ卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 今年元旦我们玩得很开心。

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语II. Grammar and VocabularySection A25. — I’m looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good ideas?— How about the Moon Lake? It is ________ easy reach of the city.A. byB. beyondC. withinD. from26. Those who smoke heavily should remind ________ of health, the bad smell and the feelings of otherpeople.A. theirsB. themC. themselvesD. oneself27. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he ________ his key at school.A. had leftB. would leaveC. was leavingD. has left28. It’s a ________ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.A. charming French smallB. French small charmingC. small French charmingD. charming small French29. The school board is made up of parents who ________ to make decisions about school affairs.A. had been electedB. had electedC. have been electedD. have elected30. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ________ they might have.A. however difficultB. how difficultC. whatever difficultyD. what difficulty31. The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really ________.A. to be worriedB. to worryC. having worriedD. worried32. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ________ society for real-life experience.A. exploreB. to exploreC. exploringD. explored33. I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me?A. whatB. whyC. ifD. which34. Young people may risk ________ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone35. Sophia got an e-mail ________ her credit card account number.A. asking forB. ask forC. asked forD. having asked for36. I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise ________ I am sitting.A. beforeB. untilC. unlessD. where37. ________ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.A. To lookB. LookingC. Having lookedD. Look38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. what39. Among the crises that face humans ________ the lack of natural resources.A. isB. areC. is thereD. are there40. Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in ________ they arewearing.A. thatB. whatC. howD. whichSection BAs infants, we can recognize our mothers within hours of birth. In fact, we can recognize the 41 of our mother’s face well before we can recognize her body shape. It’s 42 how the brain can carry out such a function at such a young age, especially since we don’t learn to walk and talk until we are over a year old. By the time we are adults, we have the ability to distinguish around 100,000 faces. How can we remember so many faces when many of us find it difficult to 43 such a simple thing as a phone number? The exact process is not yet fully understood, but research around the world has begun to define the specific areas of the brain and processes 44 for facial recognition.Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology believe that they have succeeded in 45 a specific area of the brain called the fusiform face area (FFA), which is used only for facial recognition. This means that recognition of familiar objects such as our clothes or cars, is from 46 in the brain. Researchers also have found that the brain needs to see the whole face for recognition to take place. It had been 47 thought that we only needed to see certain facial features. Meanwhile, research at University College London has found that facial recognition is not a single process, but 48 involves three steps. The first step appears to be an analysis of the physical features of a person’s face, which is similar to how we scan the bar codes of our groceries. In the next step, the brain decides whether the face we are looking at is already known or unknown to us. And finally, the brain furnishes the information we have collected about the person whose face we are looking at. This complex 49 is done in a split second so that we can behave quickly when reacting to certain situations.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AOver the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization 50 for all?According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes 53 at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. 55 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually 58 from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 59 , they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to 60 their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of 61 . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out.One thing is certain about globalization—there is no 63 . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The 64 now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy51. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D. owing53. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase54. A. doubt B. define C. advocate D. ignore55. A. In addition B. For instance C. In other words D. All in all56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign57. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn59. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise60. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise61. A. trouble B. business C. power D. mind62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out63. A. taking off B. getting along C. holding out D. turning back64. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challengeSection BAFor some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.”People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music set them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,”says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition.Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesn’t involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors.Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say, ‘No thanks, I’m amusic,’” says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.”65. Which of the following is true of amusics?A. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them.B. They love places where they are likely to hear music.C. They can easily tell two different songs apart.D. Their situation is well understood by musicians.66. According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing”is probably one who __________.A. dislikes listening to speechesB. can hear anything nonmusicalC. has a hearing problemD. lacks a complex hearing system67. In the last paragraph, Margaret expressed her wish that __________.A. her problem with music had been diagnosed earlierB. she were seventeen years old rather than seventyC. her problem could be easily explainedD. she were able to meet other amusics68. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. Amusics’ strange behaviours.B. Some people’s inability to enjoy music.C. Musical talent and brain structure.D. Identification and treatment of amusics.BHome Laundry Automatic Dryer ProductFull Two Year Warranty (保修)Limited Five Year Warranty on Cabinet(机箱)Warranty Provides for：FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.THIRD THRU FIFTH YEARS Amana will provide a free replacement part for any cabinet which proves faulty due to rust (生锈)。

2013高考上海卷英语作文谈论II. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given in Chinese.上海博物馆拟举办一次名画展，现就展出场所（博物馆仍是社区图书室）搜集民众建议，假定你是王敏，给上海博物馆写一封信表达你的想法。

你的信一定知足以下要求：1.简述你写信的目的及你对场所的选择；2.说明你的原由（从便利性，专业性等方面对这两个场所进行对照）Dear Sir/ Madam,I ’ve just learned that Shanghai Museum is to hold a famous painting exhibition and you ’ re collectingpublic suggestions about which location to hold it . I’ m writing this letter to share with you my opinions. As far as I’m concerned, it is more reasonableto hold the painting exhibition in Shanghai Museum than in community libraries. My reasons are as follows.On the one hand, it is more convenient for people to reach Shanghai Museum, located in the center of the city. Visitors can go there by subway and bus and so on. What’smore, Shanghai Museum is much more extensive than community libraries, providing visitors with a more comfortable environment to appreciate the famous paintings.On the other hand, Shanghai Museum, a well-known and distinguished museumat home and abroad, is more professional in holding painting exhibitions. What ’s of great significance is that not only does it provide advanced facilities and high-tech monitors but also offers professional security guards to protect those famouspaintings from being damaged or stolen in the process of exhibition.Consequently, I strongly propose that the painting exhibition is to be held inthe Shanghai Museum.Yours,Wang Min 赏析：今年上海市的高考英语作文话题切近学生的生活实质，用书信的载体表现，让考生对画展感觉到有话能够说，可是想要达到A 类作文，不单需要有扎实语言功底，还需要对博物馆和社区图书室及画展等生活类的语言应用熟练，更需要学生从专业一点的角度，深入剖析其选择的原由，这个层面好多学生很难用专业的语言区描绘，学平生常学习时间紧张，没有时间到社会上参加一些社会活动，并且在紧张的时间里，更别提用一些复杂的语言构造区展现自己的原由，因此学生写到高分不是很简单，大多数学生获取 15/16 分是没有问题的。

2013全国及各地高考英语试题全汇编（word版）目录1.2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（课标卷I）2.2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（课标卷II）3. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（大纲卷）4. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）5. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（天津卷）6.2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）7. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（重庆卷）8. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（安徽卷）9. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（福建卷）10. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（广东卷）11. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（湖北卷）12. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（湖南卷）13. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（江苏卷）14. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（江西卷）15. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（辽宁卷）16. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（山东卷）17. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（陕西卷）18. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（四川卷）19. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（浙江卷）20. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（海南卷）1.2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（课标卷I）注意事项：1.本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。

第I卷1至13页，第II卷14至16页。

2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。

3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。

4.第I卷听力部分满分30分，不计入总分，考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。

5.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

你是××中学的××，你校学生会即将组织一次徒步活动，已在校园网发布方案，征求师生的修改意见。

你需要写一封邮件，包含以下两点：1.提出你觉得需要改进的地方；Dear Sir/Madam,I’m really excited to heat that a hiking activity is going to be held near the Bund on the Labor Day holiday. However, there may be further improvement of the scheme you’ve posted on the campus website, as I’d like to point out.the hike needs to be planned in more detail as the informationreleased onlineare willing to have a clearer picture of security precautions and necessary medical support for thethe scheme should be comprehensive and thoughtful enough to ensure the success of the activity. Only by clarifying these details, are you likely to attract more attentionfrom the students. I suggest the hike be more suited to the theme “Discover Shanghai” through additional activities. Upon arrival at the Bund, Ipropose an introduction of the architecture on both sides of the Huangpu River. By appreciating different artistic styles of the buildings, we can gain a deeper insight into the authentic Shanghai culturemixed with exotic, the experience may well be unforgettable one, because itof organizing the activity., if the hike is organized in more detail and in a more supportive way, it is sure to succeed. I hope that my voice above can be heard and considered and wish the activity a great success.Yours sincerelyWang Lei假设你是中华中学学生姚平，最近参与了一项研究性学习调研，课题为“父母是否以子女为荣”。

2013年高考英语试题汇总(含答案)目录一、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（课标卷I） 2 二、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（课标卷II） 15 三、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（大纲卷） 23 四、2013 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语 (北京卷) 33 五、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（天津卷） 45 六、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷） 55 七、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（重庆卷） 67 八、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（安徽卷） 80 九、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（福建卷） 92 十、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（广东卷） 104 十一、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（湖北卷） 114 十二、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(湖南卷) 127 十三、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（江苏卷） 139 十四、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（江西卷） 151 十五、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（辽宁卷） 162 十六、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（山东卷） 172 十七、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（陕西卷） 183 十八、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（四川卷） 193 十九、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（浙江卷） 203 答案： 216 一、课标卷I 216 二、课标卷II 217 三、大纲卷 217 四、北京卷 219 五、天津卷 220 六、上海卷 221 七、重庆卷 223 八、安徽卷 225 九、福建卷 225 十、广东卷 226 十一、湖北卷 228 十二、湖南卷 229 十三、江苏卷 230 十四、江西卷 231 十五、辽宁卷 233 十六、山东卷 234 十七、陕西卷 235 十八、四川卷 236 十九、浙江卷 237一、2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（课标卷I）第I 卷第一部分：听力理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。

高考英语中译英测验1 （A） Section A1.商店里的商品琳琅满目，让我们眼花缭乱。

（accustomed）2. 他利用她人好心软，三番五次向她借钱。

（advantage）3.在西方国家绝对不要问有关工资这样的隐私问题。

（ask）4.她已向这家公司申请担任秘书。

（apply）5.在旧社会，出身贫寒的人很少有接受教育的机会。

(access)6.这个获胜者因她的画而得了一等奖。

（award）7.必须立刻采取行动以减少台风带来的损失。

（action）8.边开车边打手机是违反交通规则的。

（against）9.我向你保证我有能力解决这个问题。

（ability）10.你该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。

（apologize）11.显而易见，这个国家的人每时每刻都可以喝到新鲜牛奶。

（available）12.我很高兴被聘请担任北京奥运会的口译员。

（act）13.丰富的网络资讯吸引老老少少上网冲浪。

（attract）14.这位科学家终日废寝忘食地埋首于研究。

（absorb）15.十分感激你给我这次面试的机会。

（appreciate）16.各色阳伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。

（add to）17.人生可贵，不要为日常琐事而忧心忡忡。

（anxious）18.再你做决定之前请考虑一下我的感受。

（account）19.我已安排了一辆出租车去机场接你。

（arrange）20.在山区，很多同我年纪相仿的儿童上不起学。

（afford）Section B1.在发展经济的同时，我们必须注意节约资源和防止污染。

（attention）2.他的话表明充分意识到了不努力学习的后果。

（aware）3.专家们建议实施这项工程以造福子孙后代。

（advise）4.听说他昨天闹情绪，没来上班。

（absent）5.尽可能的多看书，你的作文会有进步的。

（and）6.有些留学生要过很长时间才能适应新的礼节和风俗。

（adapt）7.是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥，委员们意见不一。

abandon vt.放弃✧ability n.能力✧able adj.有能力, 能干的✧abnormal adj.反常的，异常的✧aboard adv.在船上, 登记✧about prep.关于✧above prep.在上方✧abroad adv.在国外✧absence n.缺席✧absent adj.缺席的✧absolute adj.完全的, 绝对的, 不容置疑的✧absorb vt.吸收, 理解✧abstract adj/n.抽象的；摘要✧academic adj.学术上的✧accent n.口音, 重音, 强调✧accept v.接受, 认可✧acceptable adj.可接受的✧access n.接近, 进入, 利用✧accident n.意外事故✧accidental adj.偶然的, 意外的✧accommodation n.住处, 住宿✧accompany vt.陪伴✧accomplish vt.实现, 完成, 达到✧according adv.根据✧account n/vi.叙述, 账户账目；解释, 说明✧accountant n.会计人员✧accuracy n.准确性✧accuse vt.指责, 控告✧accustomed adj.适应了的✧ache vi/n疼痛✧achieve vt.完成, 实现, 达到✧achievement n.成就✧acid adj/n.酸的；酸✧acknowledge vt.承认, 告知, 收到✧acquire vt.获得, 学到✧across prep/adv.穿过, 越过✧act vi/n.行动, 表演, 扮演；行为, 法令✧action n.行动✧active adj.积极地, 主动地✧activity n.活动✧actor n.男演员✧actress n.女演员✧actual adj.事实上✧adapt v.适应, 改编✧add v.添加✧addition n.加✧additional adj.附加的✧address n/vt.演说, 地址；演说, 致辞✧adequate adj.充足的, 适当的✧adjust v.调整, 调节✧administration n.行政, 管理✧admire vt.赞赏, 钦佩✧admission n.准许进入✧admit vt.承认, 准许进入✧adopt vt.采纳, 领养, 采用✧adult n.成年人✧advance v/n.进步, 前进✧advanced adj.先进的, 高级的✧advancement n.前进, 进步✧advantage n/vt.有利条件, 优势；有利于✧adventure n.冒险, 奇遇✧advertise v.宣传✧advertisement n.广告✧advice n/vt.劝告, 忠告✧advise vt.劝告, 建议✧aeroplane n.飞机✧affair n.事情✧affect vt.影响, 使感动✧affection n.喜爱, 慈爱✧afford vt.买得起, 承担✧afraid adj.害怕✧after prep/conj.在之后✧afternoon n.下午✧again adv再来一次✧against prep.反对✧age n/v.年龄, 时代；变老✧aged adj.年老的✧agency n.代理处✧agent n.代理人✧aggressive adj.侵略性的, 有进取心的✧ago adv以前✧agree v.同意✧agreeable adj.令人愉快的✧agriculture n.农业✧ahead adv.向前✧aid n/v.帮助✧AIDS n.艾滋病✧aim vi/n.瞄准;目标✧air n.空气, 氛围✧air-conditioned adj.有空调的✧aircraft n.飞行器✧airline n.航线, 航空公司✧airmail n.航空邮件✧airport n.飞机场✧alarm n.警报, 闹钟✧album n.唱片, 集邮本✧alcohol n.酒精✧alcoholic adj.酒精的✧alert adj/v.警觉地；使警觉✧alike adv/adj.相似的, 一样的✧alive adj.活着的✧all adj/pron/adv.所有的, 完全✧allow vt.允许✧almost adv.几乎✧alone adj/adv.仅仅, 单独的✧along prep/adv.沿着；向前✧alongside adv.在旁边✧aloud adv.出声地✧alphabet n.字母表✧already adv.已经✧also adv.也✧alter v.改变✧alternative adj/n.替代的；选择✧although conj.尽管✧altogether adv.总共, 完全的✧always adv.总是✧m.✧amateur n/adj.业余爱好者；业余爱好的✧amaze vt.使惊异✧ambition n.志向✧ambulance n.救护车✧among prep.三者（以上）之中✧amount n/vi.数量；总计✧amuse vt.逗乐, 娱乐✧amusement n.娱乐, 乐趣✧an art.一个✧analysis n.分析✧analyze vt.分析✧ancestor n.祖先✧ancient adj/n.古代的；古人✧and conj.和✧anger n/vt.怒气；发怒✧angle n.角度✧angry adj.生气✧animal n.动物✧ankle n.脚踝✧anniversary n/adj.周年纪念, 周年的✧announce vt.宣布, 通告✧announcement n.宣布✧announcer n.广播员✧annoy vt.使恼怒, 打扰✧annual adj/n.每年的；年刊✧another adj/pron.另一个✧answer v/n.回复✧ant n.蚂蚁✧antipollution n.防止污染的✧anxious adj.焦虑的, 急切的✧any adj.任何的✧anybody pron.任何人✧anyhow adv.不论如何✧anymore adv.再也✧anyone pron.任何人✧anything pron.任何事✧anyway adv.无论如何✧anywhere adv.任何地方✧apart adv.分开的✧apartment n.公寓✧apologize vi.道歉✧apology n.道歉✧apparent adj.显然的✧appeal vi/n.呼吁, 上诉, 吸引✧appear vi.出现, 显得, 好像✧appearance n.出现, 外貌✧appetite n.食欲✧applaud vi/vt.鼓掌✧applause n.鼓掌, 喝彩✧apple n.苹果✧appliance n.器具✧applicant n.申请人✧application n.申请表, 应用✧apply v.申请, 应用✧appoint vt.任命, 委任✧appointment n.约会, 任命, 委任✧appreciate vt.感激, 欣赏✧appreciation n.感激, 欣赏, 鉴赏✧approach v/n.接近；入门, 方法✧appropriate adj.合适的, 适当的✧architect n.建筑师✧architecture n.建筑学【学科】✧area n.地区, 面积, 领域✧argue v.争论主张✧argument n.争论✧arise vi.起立, 上升, 发生✧arithmetic n.计算, 算术✧arm n.手臂, 武器（s）✧army n.军队✧around prep/adv.环绕的✧arouse vt.引起✧arrange v.安排✧arrangement n.安排（s）✧arrest vt/n.拘捕✧arrival n.到达✧arrive vi.到达✧arrow n.箭头✧art n.美术, 文科（s）【学科】✧article n.文章✧artificial adj.人工的, 人造的✧artist n.艺术家✧as conj/prep.当, 随着, 尽管, 因为✧ash n.灰烬✧ashamed adj.惭愧, 羞耻✧aside v.旁边✧ask v.请求✧asleep adj.睡着的✧aspect n.方面✧aspirin n.阿司匹林✧assemble v.集合, 装配✧assess vt/n.评估, 评价✧assign vt.分配, 布置, 委派✧assist v.协助, 帮助✧assistant n.助手✧associate vt.联系, 联合✧association n.联合, 协会✧assume vt.假定, 承担✧assure vt.保证, 承担✧astonish vt.使惊讶✧astronaut n.宇航员✧at prep.听到, 看到✧athlete n.运动员✧athletic adj.运动的✧atmosphere n.大气, 氛围✧atom n.原子✧atomic adj.原子的✧attach vt.连接, 依附于✧attack vt/n.攻击, 责难✧attempt vt/n.企图, 尝试✧attend v.出席, 参加, 护理✧attention n.注意力✧atitude n.态度✧attract vt.吸引✧attraction n.吸引力✧attractive adj.吸引人的✧audience n.观众, 读者✧audio-visual adj.试听的✧aunt n.舅母, 阿姨✧author n.作者✧authority n.权威, 当局✧automatic adj.自动的, 不自觉的autumn n.秋天✧available adj.可得到的, 可利用的✧avenue n.大街✧average adj/n.平均的, 平常的；平均✧avoid vt.避免✧await vt.等待✧awake adj/v.醒着的；醒来✧awaken v.醒来✧award vt/n.授予✧aware adj.意识到✧away adv.离开, 一边✧awful adj.可怕的, 糟糕的, 非常了得的✧awkward adj.笨拙的, 难用的, 尴尬的✧baby n.婴儿✧back n/adj/adv/vt.背面；后面的；向后；支持✧background adj.背景✧backward adj/adv.向后, 落后；向后✧bacteria n.细菌✧bad adj.坏的✧badly adv.严重的, 厉害的, 迫切的✧bag n.包✧baggage n.行李✧bake v.烘烤✧bakery n.面包店✧balance n/v.平衡；使平衡✧ball n.球✧ballet n.芭蕾舞✧ballon n.气球✧ban vt/n.阻止, 取缔；禁令✧banana n.香蕉✧band n.群, 队, 乐队✧bandage n.绷带✧band-aid n.胶布✧bank n.银行, 堤岸✧bar n.酒吧✧barbecue n.烧烤✧barber n.理发师✧bare n.赤裸的✧barely n.几乎没有, 仅仅✧bargain n/vi.特价商品, 交易；讨价还价✧bark n/v.树皮；犬吠✧base n.基础, 基地✧baseball n.棒球✧basement n.地下室✧basin n.脸盆, 盆地✧basis n.基础✧basket n.篮子✧basketball n.篮球✧bat vt/n.打, 击；板✧bath n.洗澡, 浴室✧bathe vi.洗澡, 游泳✧bathing n.洗澡, 游泳✧bathroom n.浴室✧battery n.电池✧battle n/vi/vt.战役；战斗；与作战✧bay n.海湾✧ B.C. 公元前✧be v.是✧beach n.沙滩✧bean n.豆✧bear n/vt.熊；忍受, 承受✧beard n.胡须✧beast n.野兽✧beat v/n.打败, 跳动；敲打, 跳动✧beautiful adj.美丽的✧beauty n.美丽, 美人✧because conj.因为✧become vi.变得, 成为✧bed n.床✧bedroom n.卧室✧bedtime n/adj.就寝时间；临睡前的✧bee n.蜜蜂✧beef n.牛肉✧beer n.啤酒✧before prep/conj.在之前✧beg v.祈求✧beggar n.乞丐✧begin v.开始✧beginning n.开端✧behave v.行为✧behaviour n.行为✧behind prep/adv.在之后；向后✧being n.存在, 人, 物✧belief n.相信, 信任, 信仰✧believe v.相信, 认为✧bell n.铃✧belong vi.属于✧below prep/adv.在下面✧bell n.皮带, 腰带✧bench n.长凳✧bend v/n.弯曲, 弯腰✧beneath prep/adv.在下面✧beneficial adj.有益的✧benefit v/n.得益；益处✧beside prep.在旁边✧besides prep/adv.除之外；而且✧best adj/adv.最好的✧bet v/n.打赌✧better adj/adv.更好的✧between prep/adv.在之间✧beyond prep.超过✧Bible n.圣经✧bicycle n.自行车✧big adj.大✧bike n.自行车✧bill n.账单, 议案, 纸币✧bin n.箱子✧bind vt.捆扎, 粘合✧biology n.生物【学科】✧bird n.鸟✧birth n.出生, 产生✧birthday n.生日✧biscuit n.饼干✧bit n.一点✧bite n/v.叮咬✧bitter adj.有苦味的, 痛苦的✧black adj/n.黑色的✧blackboard n.黑板✧blacksmith n.工匠✧blame vt/n.责怪✧blank n.空白处✧blanket n.毯子, 遮盖层✧bleed vi.流血✧bless vt.保佑✧blind adj/vt.失明的, 盲目的；使失明, 使盲目✧block n/vt.大楼, 街区；阻塞, 阻碍✧blood n.血✧bloom vi/n开花.✧blouse n.女式衬衫✧blue adj/n.蓝色的✧board n.版, 船舷, 董事会✧boast v/n.吹嘘✧boat n/vi.船；乘船✧body n.身体, 尸体✧boil v/n.沸腾, 烧开, 烹煮✧bomb n/v.炸弹；投掷炸弹✧bone n.骨头✧book v/n.书本；预定✧booklet n.小册子✧bookshop n.书店✧boot n.靴子✧border n.边界✧bore vt.使厌烦✧born adj.出生的, 天生的✧borrow v.借✧boss n.老板✧botanist n.植物学家✧botany n.植物学【学科】✧both adj/pron/adv.两者都✧bother vt/vi.使烦恼；烦恼, 担心, 特意✧bottle n.瓶✧bottom n.底部✧bow vi/n.鞠躬；弓形, 鞠躬✧bowl n.碗✧bowling n.保龄球✧box n.盒子✧boy n.男孩✧brain n.脑子, 智慧✧brake n/v.刹车✧branch n.分支, 树枝✧brand n/vt..品牌；烙印于✧brass n.黄铜✧brave adj.勇敢的✧bread n.面包✧break v/n.打破, 违反；暂停, 破裂✧breakfast n.早饭✧breast n.胸部✧breath n.呼吸✧breathe v.呼吸✧breed n.品种；繁育✧breeze n/vi.微风；轻吹✧bribe n/vt.贿赂；行贿✧brick n.积木✧bride n.新郎✧bridegroom n.新娘✧bridge n.大桥✧brief adj简言之✧brigade n.队✧bright adj.明亮的, 灿烂的, 聪明的✧brilliant adj.极其聪明的, 灿烂的✧bring vt.带来✧broad adj.广泛的, 广阔的✧broadcast v/n.广播✧brother n.兄弟✧brow n.眉毛✧brown n/adj.棕色✧browse v.浏览✧brunch n.早午饭✧brush n/v.刷子；刷✧ B.S.理学士✧bubble n.泡泡✧bucket n.水桶✧budget n/vi.预算✧build v/n.建造；体格✧building n.建筑物✧bulb n.灯泡, 植物根茎✧bull n.公牛✧bullet n.子弹✧bump vi.撞见✧bunch n.束, 串✧bundle n.捆, 束, 包✧burden n.负担✧burn v.燃烧, 烧焦, 发亮✧burst v.爆裂, 突然发出✧bury vt.掩埋✧bus n.公交车✧bush n.灌木✧business n.生意, 工作, 公司, 商店✧busy adj.繁忙的✧but conj/prep.但是；除了✧butcher n.屠夫✧butter n.黄油✧button n.纽扣, 按钮✧buy v.买, 购物✧by prep/adv.在旁边, 通过, 经过✧bye interj.再见✧cabbage n.白菜✧cabin n.小木屋, 机舱, 船舱✧cable n.索, 缆✧cafe n.咖啡馆✧cafeteria n.自助餐馆✧cage n.笼子✧cake n.蛋糕✧calculate n.计算, 估计✧calculator n.计算器✧call vt/vi/n.大声说出；叫喊；呼叫✧calm adj/v.平静的, 镇定的；平静, 镇定✧camel n.骆驼✧camera n.照相机✧camp n/vi.营地✧campaign n.运动, 战役✧campus n.校园✧can v/aux/n.把, 能够；罐头✧canal n.运河, 水道✧cancel vt.取消, 删去✧cancer n.癌症✧candidate n.参选者, 求职者✧candy n.糖果✧canteen n.小卖部, 食堂✧cap n/vt.帽子, 给戴帽子✧capable n.有能力✧capital n/adj.首府, 大写字母；主要的✧captain n.首领✧capture vt/n.占领, 捕获✧car n.小汽车✧carbon n.碳✧card n.卡片✧care n/v.关心, 照顾✧career n.生涯, 职业✧careful adj.小心的, 仔细的✧careless adj.粗心的, 疏忽的✧cargo n.货物✧carpenter n.木匠✧carpet n.地毯✧carriage n.车辆, 马车✧carrot n.萝卜✧carry vt.运载, 携带✧cart n.手推车✧cartoon n.卡通✧carve vt.切开, 分开, 雕刻✧case n.实例, 事例✧cash n/vt.现金；兑现✧cashier n.出纳员✧cassette n.磁带盒✧cast v/n.扔, 投, 抛, 扮演；扔, 演员表✧castle n.城堡✧casual adj.偶然的, 随便的, 非正式的✧cat n.猫✧catalogue n/v.目录；编目录✧catch vt.捉住, 赶上, 钩住✧cattle n.牛✧cause vt/n.使发生；原因, 起因✧cave n/v.山洞；坍塌✧CD 光碟✧cease v/n.停止✧ceiling n.天花板✧celebrate vt.庆祝✧cell n.细胞, 电池✧cement n.水泥✧cemetery n.坟墓✧cent n.美分✧centigrade adj.摄氏度✧centimetre n.厘米✧central adj.中心的, 主要的✧centre n.中心, 中央✧century n.世纪✧ceremony n.典礼✧certain adj.确定的, 有把握的✧certificate n/vt.证书；发证书给✧chain n/vt.链条, 一系列；拴住✧chair n/vt.椅子；入座, 担任✧chairman n.主席✧chalk n.粉笔✧challenge n/vt.挑战, 向挑战✧champion adj/n.得第一名, 冠军✧championship n.冠军称号✧chance n/vi.机遇, 机会；碰巧发生✧change v/n.改变, 变化；找零, 零钱✧channel n.海峡, 电视频道✧chapter n.章✧character n.性质, 品质, 文字, 人物✧characteristic n/adj.特征；特有的✧charge v/n.主管, 费用, 充电, 控告✧charity n.仁爱, 慈善✧charm n/vt.魅力, 吸引✧chart n.图表, 地图✧chase v/n.追逐, 赶出✧chat v/n.闲聊, 聊天✧cheap adj.便宜的✧cheat v/n.欺骗✧check v/n.核对, 制止；支票✧checkout n.结账离开, 付款台✧cheek n.面颊✧cheer v/n.使高兴, 为喝彩；振奋, 喝彩✧cheese n.奶酪✧chemical adj/n.化学的, 化学制品✧chemist n.化学家✧chemistry n.化学【学科】✧cheque n.支票✧chess n.国际象棋✧chest n.胸部, 箱子, 柜子, 橱柜✧chew v.咀嚼✧chicken n.鸡✧chief adj/n.主要的；首领✧child n.小孩子✧childbirth n.生产✧childhood n.童年✧childish adj.幼稚的✧chill n.寒冷✧chimney n.烟囱✧china n.瓷器✧chip n.薄片, 土豆条✧chocolate n.巧克力✧choice n.选择✧choose v.选择, 挑选✧chop v/n.砍, 劈, 斩✧chopsticks n.筷子✧Christian n.基督徒✧Christmas n.圣诞节✧church n.教堂✧cigar n.雪茄烟✧cigarette n.香烟✧cinema n.电影院✧circle v/n.环绕, 盘旋；圆✧circular adj.圆形的, 环形的, 循环的✧circumstance n.情况, 境遇✧citizen n.公民✧city n.城市✧civil adj.国内的, 公民的✧civilian n.平民✧civilization n.文明✧civilize v.使开化✧claim vt/n.认领, 声称, 提出要求✧clap vt/vi.拍手鼓掌✧class n/vt.班级, 等级；归入等级✧classic adj/n.经典的, 一流的；经典作品✧classical adj.古典的✧classify vt.分类, 归类✧classmate n.同班同学✧clay n.黏土✧clean v/adj.弄干净, 清洁的✧cleaner n.清洁工✧clear adj/vt.清楚地, 明朗的；清除, 清扫✧clerk n.职员✧clever adj.聪明的✧click v.点击✧cliff n.悬崖✧climate n.气候✧climb v/n.爬✧clinic n.诊所✧clone n/vt.克隆, 繁殖✧close v/adj.关闭；接近的, 靠近的✧cloth n.布✧clothes n.衣物✧clothing n.衣物✧cloud n.云✧club n.俱乐部✧clue n.线索, 提示✧coach n/vt.长途公交车, 教练；指导✧coal n.煤✧coast n.海岸✧coat n.上衣, 外套✧cock n.公鸡✧code n.密码✧coffee n.咖啡✧coin n.硬币✧coincidence n.巧合✧Coke n.可乐✧cold adj/n.冷；感冒✧collapse v.塌下, 崩溃✧collar n.衣领, 项圈✧colleague n.同事✧collect v.收集, 集合, 收取✧collection n.收藏品✧college n.大学✧colony n.殖民地, 聚居区✧colour n/vt.颜色；着色✧column n.支柱, 专栏✧comb n/vt.梳子；梳理✧combination n.结合✧combine v.结合✧come vi.来✧comedian n.喜剧演员✧comedy n.喜剧✧comic n/adj.喜剧, 连环画；喜剧演员✧comfort vt/n.安慰, 使舒适✧command n/vt.命令, 指挥, 掌握✧commander n.司令官, 指挥官✧comment n/v.评论✧commerce n.商业, 贸易✧commercial adj.商业的, 商务的✧commit vt.犯罪, 委托, 提交✧committee n.委员会✧common adj.一般的, 普遍的✧communicate v.传达, 传递✧communist adj.共产主义的✧community n.社区, 团体✧companion n.伴侣, 同伴✧comparative adj.相比较而言✧compare v.比较, 对照✧comparison n.比较✧compete vi.比赛, 竞争✧competition n.竞争, 比赛✧competitive adj.有竞争力的✧complain v.抱怨✧complaint n.抱怨✧complete vt/adj.完成；完整的, 十足的✧completion n.完成✧complex adj.组合的, 复杂的✧complicated adj.复杂的✧compliment n.赞美✧compose v.组成, 创作✧composer n.作曲家✧composition n.组成, 作文, 作品✧compound n/adj.复合物；复合的✧comprehension n.理解, 包含✧comprehensive adj.广泛的, 综合的✧compulsory adj/n.义务强制的；规定动作✧compute v.计算, 估计✧computer n.计算机✧concentrate v.集中✧concentration n.专心, 集中✧concept n.概念, 理念, 观念✧concern vt/n.关心, 忧虑✧concert n.音乐会✧conclude v.结束, 推断出✧conclusion n.结束, 结论, 推论✧concrete n/adj.混凝土；具体实在的✧condition n/vt.环境, 状况✧conduct v.进行, 指挥, 管理✧conductor n.指导者✧conference n.会议✧confess vt.承认, 坦白✧confidence n.信心, 信任✧confident adj.有信心的✧confirm vt.证实, 确认✧conflict n/vi.冲突, 战斗✧confuse vt.使混乱, 使困惑✧congratulate vt.祝贺✧congratulation n.祝贺✧congress n.代表大会✧connect vt.连接, 联系✧conquer vt.攻克, 征服✧conscience n.良心✧conscious adj.意识到, 神志清醒的✧consequence n.结果, 后果✧consider vt.考虑, 认为✧considerate adj.考虑周到的✧consist vi.由组成, 构成, 在于✧constant adj.连续不断的, 一再重复的✧construct v.建造, 构造✧consult vt.请教, 查阅✧consume vt.消耗, 消费, 耗尽✧consumer n.消费者, 顾客✧contact n/v.联系, 接触✧contain vt.包含, 容纳✧container n.集装箱, 容器✧contemporary adj.当代的✧content n.目录, 内容✧contest n.竞赛, 比赛✧context n.上下文, 语境, 背景, 环境✧continent n.大陆✧continue v.继续, 延续✧contract n/v.合同；订立合同✧contrary n.相反✧contrast n.对比✧contribute v.贡献✧contribution n.贡献✧control vt/n.控制, 支配✧convenience n.方便, 便利设施✧convenient adj.方便的✧conversation n.谈话, 会谈✧convey vt.运送, 传导✧convince vt.使确信, 说服✧cook n.厨子；烹调✧cooker n.厨具✧cool adj.凉的, 冷静的✧cooperate vi.合作, 配合✧cope vi.竞争, 对付, 应付✧copy vt/n.抄写, 复印, 模仿；复制品✧corn n.谷物✧corner n/vt.墙角；逼入困境✧corporation n.公司✧correct adj/v.正确的；改正✧corridor n.走廊✧cost v/n.价钱, 花费✧cotton n.棉花✧cough v/n.咳嗽✧could v.aux.能够✧count v.计算, 数✧counter n.柜台✧country n.国家, 乡下✧countryside n.乡下✧county n.郡✧couple n.一对, 一双, 夫妇✧courage n.勇气, 勇敢✧course n.过程, 课程, 必经之路✧court n.球场, 法院✧cousin n.侄辈✧cover vt/n.遮盖；封面, 盖子✧cow n.奶牛✧crack v/n.裂开；裂缝, 瑕疵, 缺点✧crash vi/n.坠毁, 碰撞✧crawl vi/n.爬行✧crazy adj.疯狂的, 荒唐的✧cream n.奶油✧create v.创造, 产生✧creative adj.有创造力的✧creature n.生物✧credit n.信用, 信誉✧crew n.全体工作人员✧crime n.罪行✧criminal adj.犯罪的✧crisis n.危机, 决定性时刻, 转折点✧critic n.批评家✧criticism n.批评, 评论✧critical adj.批评的, 吹毛求疵的, 决定性的✧criticize v.批评, 评论, 指责✧crop n.庄稼✧cross n/vt/adj.十字形；穿过；坏脾气的✧crossroads n.十字路口✧crowd n/vt/vi.人群；挤满✧crown n.王冠, 王位✧crucial adj.决定性的, 关键的, 至关重要的✧cruel adj.残酷的, 残忍的✧cruelty n.残忍✧cry v/n.叫喊, 哭✧crystal adj/n.晶莹剔透的；水晶✧cucumber n.黄瓜✧cultivate v.栽培, 培养✧cultural adj.文化上的✧culture n.文化✧cup n.杯子✧cupboard n.橱柜✧cure vt/n.治疗, 治愈✧curious adj.好奇的✧current adj.通用的✧curtain n.幕✧curve n.曲线, 曲线状物✧cushion n.垫子, 气垫✧custom n.风俗习惯, 惯例, 海关✧customer n.顾客✧cut v/n.切, 割；裂口✧cute adj.可爱的, 漂亮的✧cycle n/vi.周期, 循环；使循环, 骑车✧cyclist n.骑车人✧dad n.爸爸✧daily adj/n.每日的；日报✧dairy n/adj.乳品店；乳品的✧dam n.水闸✧damage vt/n.损害, 毁坏✧damp n/vt/adj.潮湿；泼冷水；潮湿的✧dance n/vi.跳舞；舞动✧danger n.危险✧dare v.aux.敢✧dark adj/n.黑暗的；海岸✧darling n/adj.心爱的人；亲爱的, 心爱的✧dash n/vi.短跑；冲击✧datum n.(data复数)论据, 资料✧date n/vt.约会；约会, 注明日期✧daughter n.女儿✧dawn n/vi.黎明；破晓✧day n.天, 日子✧daylight n.日光✧daytime n/adj.白天✧dead adj.死亡的, 死一般的✧deadline n.最后期限✧deaf adj.聋的✧deal v.处理✧deal n.数量, 交易✧dear adj.亲爱的✧death n.死亡✧debate v/n.辩论✧debt n.欠款, 债务✧decade n.十年✧decay vt.使腐烂✧deceive vt.欺骗, 蒙蔽✧decent adj.得体的, 适当的✧decide v.决定✧decision n.决定✧deck n.甲板✧declare vt.宣布, 声明✧decline v/n.拒绝, 下降, 衰弱✧decorate v.装饰✧decrease v/n.减少✧deed n.事情, 行为✧deep adj.深的✧deer n.鹿✧defeat vt/n.击败✧defence n.防御, 辩护✧defend vt.防御, 辩护✧define vt.下定义, 明确, 规定✧definite adj.明确的, 一定的✧definition n.定义✧degree n.学位, 程度, 度数✧delay n/vt/vi.推迟, 延误, 耽搁✧delegate n.代表✧delete vt.删除✧deliberate adj.慎重的, 故意的✧delicate adj.纤细的, 雅致的, 易碎的✧delicious adj.美味的, 可口的✧delight vt/n.高兴✧deliver vt.投递, 分送✧delivery n.投递, 分送✧demand vt/n.要求, 需求, 询问✧demanding adj.高要求的✧democracy n.民主✧demonstrate vt/vi.论证, 说明✧dense adj.密集的✧dentist n.牙医✧deny vt.否认, 拒绝✧depart vi.离开, 出发✧department n.部门✧departure n.离开, 启程, 出发, 背离✧depend vi.依靠, 依赖✧dependent adj.依赖的, 依靠的✧deposit vt/vi/n.沉淀, 存放, 储蓄, 预付✧depress vt.丧气, 压下, 抑郁✧depth n.深度✧describe vt.描述, 形容✧description n.描写, 叙述, 形容✧desert n/vt.沙漠；离开, 抛弃✧deserve vt.应得, 值得✧design vt/n.设计✧desire vt/n.愿望；要求, 请求✧desk n.桌面✧desktop adj/n.台式电脑✧despair n/vt.绝望✧desperate adj.不顾一切的, 绝望的✧despite prep.不管✧dessert n.甜点✧destination n.目的地, 目标, 终点✧destroy vt.破坏, 拆毁, 消灭✧destruction n.破坏, 毁坏✧detail n.细节✧detective adj/n.侦探✧determination n.决心, 坚定, 果断, 确定✧determine vt/vi.决定✧develop vt/vi.开发, 发展, 生长, 发育✧device n.装置✧devote vt.奉献, 专用于✧diagnose vt.诊断, 下结论✧dial vt/n.拨号码；表盘✧dialect n.方言✧dialogue n.对白✧diamond n.钻石✧diary n.日记✧dictation n.听写✧dictionary n.字典✧die vi/vt.死✧diet n.日常饮食✧differ vi.不同✧different adj.不同的, 有区别的✧difficult adj.困难的✧dig v.挖掘✧digest vt/n.消化吸收；摘要✧digit n.数字✧digital adj.数字的✧dignity n.尊严✧diligent adj.勤勉的✧dim adj.昏暗的, 模糊不清的✧dine vi.吃正餐✧dinner n.晚餐✧dioxide n.二氧化物✧dip vt.浸泡✧diploma n.文凭✧diplomat n.外交家✧direct vt/adj.指导, 命令；笔直的, 直接的✧direction n.方向, 说明✧director n.主管, 经理✧dirt n.污物, 灰尘✧dirty adj.脏的✧disabled adj.丧失能力的✧disadvantage n/vt.处于不利地位, 条件✧disagreeable adj.不合意的, 令人不快的✧disappear vi.消失, 不见✧disappoint vt.失望✧disapproval n.不赞同✧disapprove v.不赞同✧disaster n.灾难✧disc n.圆盘, 唱片✧discipline n/vt.纪律；训练✧disco n.迪斯科✧discount vt/vi/n.打折；折扣✧discourage vt.阻止, 阻拦✧discover vt.发现✧discuss vt.讨论✧disease n.疾病✧dish n.菜肴, 碟子✧dishwasher n.洗碗机, 洗碗工✧dislike vt/n.不喜欢✧dismiss vt/vi.解散, 不考虑, 解雇✧disobey vt.不服从, 不遵守✧disorder n.杂乱, 混乱✧disorderly adj.杂乱的, 混乱的✧display n/v.展示✧dissatisfy vt.不满意✧dissolve v.溶解✧distance n.距离, 远处✧distant adj.远的✧distinct adj.有区别的, 不同的✧distinguish vt.区别, 区分, 辨别✧distinguished adj.卓越的, 杰出的✧distribute vt.分发, 配送✧district n.区域, 地区✧distrust vt.不信任, 怀疑✧disturb vt.扰乱✧disturbance n.扰乱, 打扰✧dive vi.潜水✧divide vt.分开✧division n.部门, 分开✧divorce vt/vi/n.离婚✧dizzy adj.头晕目眩的✧do v.做✧doctor n.医生✧document n.文件✧dog n.狗✧doll n.娃娃✧dollar n.元✧dolphin n.海豚✧domestic adj.家庭的, 驯养的, 国内的✧dominant adj.占优势的✧dominate vt/vi.支配, 处于支配地位的✧donate vt.捐赠✧donkey n.驴, 笨蛋✧door n.门✧dormitory n.寝室✧dot n.点✧double adj/vt/vi.加倍的, 成为两倍✧doubt vt/n.怀疑✧down adv.向下✧download v/n.由于病倒✧downstairs adv.往楼下✧downtown adj/adv/n.商业区的✧downwards adv.向下的✧dozen n.二十个✧draft n/v.草案, 起草✧drag vt/vi.拖拉✧dragon n.龙✧drain n/v.排水沟；消耗, 耗尽✧drama n.剧本, 戏剧✧dramatic adj.令人印象深刻的✧draw vt/vi.拖拉, 画, 吸引, 提取✧drawer n.抽屉✧drawing n.绘画✧dream n/v.梦；做梦✧dress n/vt.连衣裙；穿衣✧drift vt/vi/n.漂流✧drill n/vi.钻头, 练习；操练✧drink v/n.喝, 饮料✧drip vi/n.滴下✧drive v/n.驾驶, 迫使, 驱动✧drop n/v.滴；落下, 掉下✧drown v.溺死✧drug n/v.药；吸毒✧drugstore n.药店✧drum n.鼓✧dry vt/vi/adj.变干；干燥的✧duck n.鸭子✧due adj.应得的, 到期的, 预定的✧dull adj乏味的, 愚钝的, 不鲜艳的✧dump vt.倾倒✧dumpling n.汤圆, 饺子✧during prep.在期间✧dusk n.黄昏✧dust n/v.灰尘；去除灰尘✧dustbin n.垃圾箱✧dusty adj.多灰尘的✧duty n.责任, 义务✧dynasty n. 朝代✧each adj/pron/adv.各自, 各个, 每✧eager adj.热切, 渴望的✧ear n.耳朵✧early adv/adj.早期的, 早的✧earn vt.赚得✧earnest adj.认真的, 热切的✧earnings n.收入, 收益✧earth n.陆地✧earthquake n.地震✧ease n.悠闲, 容易✧east n/adj.东；东方的✧eastern adj.东部的✧eastward adv.向东✧easy adj.容易的✧eat v.吃, 毁坏✧e-book n.电子书✧economic adj.经济的✧economy n.经济✧economical adj.节约的✧ecosystem n.生态系统✧edge n.边缘, 刀刃✧edit vt.编辑✧edition n.版本✧editor n.编辑✧editorial adj.编辑的✧educate vt.教育✧education n.教育✧effect n.影响, 结果, 效力✧effective adj.有效的, 生效的✧efficient adj.效率高的, 有能力的✧effort n.努力✧ e.g. 例如✧egg n.蛋✧either adv/adj/pron.任意一个（两者）✧elder adj.年龄大的, 资格老的✧elderly adj.较老的, 晚年的✧elect vt.选举✧electric adj.电的✧electrical adj.电的, 与电有关的✧electrician n.电气专家✧electricity n.电✧electron n.电子✧electronic adj.电子的✧elegant adj.优美的, 优雅的✧element n.元素, 成分✧elementary adj.初级的, 基本的✧elephant n.大象✧elevator n.电梯✧eliminate vt.消除, 淘汰✧else adj/adv.其他的✧elesewhere adv.在别处✧email n/vt.电子邮件✧embarrass vt.使尴尬的✧emerge vi.出现, 浮现✧emergency n.紧急情况, 出诊✧emotion n.感情, 激动✧emperor n.皇帝✧emphasis n.强调, 着重✧emphasize v.强调, 着重✧empire n.帝国✧employ vt.雇佣, 使用✧empolyee n.雇主✧employer n.雇员✧empty adj/v.空；变空, 排除✧enable vt.能够✧enclose vt.围住, 包住, 封入✧encounter vt/n.意外的相遇, 邂逅✧encourage vt.鼓励, 激励✧end n/v.末端；结束, 终止✧endurance n.持久力, 耐力✧endure vt/vi.持久, 忍受, 持续, 忍耐✧enemy n.敌人✧energetic adj.精力充沛的✧energize vt.供给能量✧energy n.活力✧engage vt/vi.使订婚, 使从事, 吸引✧engine n.引擎✧engineer n.工程师✧engineering n.工程学【学科】✧English n.英语✧enhance vt.增强, 提供✧enjoy vt.喜爱✧enjoyable adj.有趣的✧enlarge vt.扩大✧enormous adj.巨大的✧enough adj.足够的✧ensure vt.保证✧enroll vt/vi.入学, 吸收成员✧enter v.进入✧enterprise n.公司✧entertain vt.娱乐, 招待✧entertainer n.表演者✧entertaining adj.引起兴趣的✧entertainment n.娱乐, 招待✧enthusiasm n.热情✧enthusiastic adj.满腔热情的✧entire adj.整个, 全部✧entitle vt.给权利, 给称号, 提名✧entrance n.入口✧entry n.进入, 许可, 入口处, 登录✧envelope n.信封✧environment n.环境✧envy vt/n.羡慕, 嫉妒✧equal adj/n/v.相等的；同等的人；等于✧equip vt.配备, 有准备的✧equivalent adj/n.相等的；相等物✧erase v.擦掉, 抹去, 清除✧eraser n.擦除器✧error n.错误, 差错✧escalator n.自动扶梯✧escape v/n.逃跑, 逃脱✧especially adv.尤其, 特别✧essay n.论文, 散文✧essential adj.实质的, 绝对必要的✧establish vt.建立, 确立✧estimate vt/n.估计, 评价, 判断✧etc. 等等✧evaluate v.估计, 评价, 鉴定✧eve n.前夜, 前夕✧even adv.甚至, 即使✧evening n.傍晚, 晚上✧event n.事件, 活动✧eventual adj.最终, 结果✧ever adv.任何时候✧everlasting adj.永恒的, 持久的✧every adj.每一✧everybody pron.每个人✧everyday adj.每一天✧everyone pron.每个人✧everything pron.每件事✧everywhere adv.到处✧evidence n.证据✧evident adj.明显的✧evil n/adj.罪恶✧evolution n.演变, 逐步形成✧evolve v.进化, 发育, 演化✧exact adj.精确地, 确切的✧examination n.考试, 检查, 检测✧examine vt.测试✧example n.例子✧excellent adj.优秀的✧except prep.除之外✧exchange n/vt.交换, 交流✧excite vt.使兴奋✧exclude vt.排斥在外, 不包括✧excursion n.短途旅行✧excuse vt/n.原谅；借口✧executive adj/n.执行的；执行者✧exercise n/vt.行使, 履行, 训练✧exhaust vt.耗尽✧exhibit n/vt.展览品；展出, 展示✧exhibition n.展览会✧exist vi.存在✧existence n.存在✧exit n.出口✧expand v.扩大, 展开✧expect vt.期待, 预料✧expense n.花费, 费用✧expensive adj.✧experience n/vt.✧experiment n/vi.✧expert n.✧explain v.讲解, 解释, 说明✧explanation n.解释, 说明✧explode v.爆炸, 爆发✧exploit vt.开发, 利用, 剥削✧explore vt.探险, 勘探, 探索✧explosive n.炸药✧export n/v.出口, 输出✧expose vt.暴露, 揭露✧express n/vt.快车, 快递；表达, 表示✧expression n.表达, 表示, 表情, 短语✧extend v.延长, 扩展✧extension n.扩大的部分, 电话的分机✧extensive adj.广阔的, 广泛的✧extent n.广度, 宽度, 长度, 范围, 程度✧external adj.外面的, 外部的✧extinct adj.灭绝的✧extinguisher n.灭火器✧extra adj.额外的, 附加的✧extraordinary adj.不平常的, 特别的✧extreme adj/n.末端的, 极端的；极端✧eye n.眼睛, 眉毛, 注意✧eyebrow n.眉毛✧eyesight n.视力✧fable n.寓言✧face n/v.面孔；面对✧facility n.便利, 设备设施✧fact n.事实, 实际✧factor n.因素✧factory n.工厂✧fail vi/vt.失败, 不及格, 衰退✧failure n.失败, 故障✧faint adj/vi/n.微弱, 昏暗；昏厥✧fair n/adj.商品展览；公平的✧fairly adv.相当, 公正的, 不带偏见的✧fairy n.仙子✧faith n.信任, 信心, 信念✧fake n.假货, 赝品✧fall vi/n.跌倒, 落下；秋天✧false adj.不正确的✧fame n.名声, 名望✧familiar adj.熟悉的, 相似的✧family n.家庭✧famous adj.著名的✧fan n/v.扇子, 粉丝；煽动, 激起✧fancy n/v.想象力；想象✧fantastic adj.奇异的, 了不起的✧far adj/adv.远的✧fare n.车费, 船费✧farewell adj/n.告别✧farm n/vi.农场；种田, 务农✧farmer n.农夫✧fascinate vt.迷住, 吸引✧fashion n.时尚, 方式, 样子✧fashionable adj.符合时尚的, 时髦的✧fast adj/adv.快的, 牢固的✧fasten vt.扎牢✧fat adj/n.肥胖的；脂肪, 肥肉✧fatal adj.致命的, 毁灭性的✧fate n.命运✧father n.父亲✧fault n.缺点, 错误✧favour n/vt.恩惠, 善行；喜爱, 支持✧favourite adj.最爱的✧fax n/vt.传真机；传真传输✧fear n/v.害怕, 恐惧✧feasible adj.可行的, 行得通的✧feather n.羽毛✧feature vt/n.以为特征；特征✧fee n.小费✧feed vt.喂养✧feedback n.反馈信息, 返回, 反应✧feel v.感受到, 觉得✧feeling n.感觉, 感情✧fellow n.家伙, 小子✧female adj/n.女的, 雌性✧fence n.栅栏, 篱笆, 击剑术✧ferry n.渡口, 渡船✧fertile adj.肥沃的, 丰富的✧fertilizer n.肥料✧festival n.节日✧fetch vt.拿来✧fever n.发烧, 高度兴奋✧few adj.很少, 几乎没有✧fiction n.小说✧field n.田地, 领域✧fierce adj.凶猛的, 猛烈的✧fight vt/vi/n.打仗, 反对；战斗, 打架✧figure n/vt.数字, 外形人影；计算, 描绘✧file n.档案✧fill vt/vi.装满✧film n/v.电影, 胶片；拍摄✧final adj.最终的✧finance n/vt.财政；提供资金给✧financial adj.金融的, 财政的✧find vt.找到, 发现✧fine n/v/adj.罚款；好的, 精致的✧finger n.手指✧finish v.完成, 结束✧fire n/v.火, 炉火；燃烧, 开枪, 解雇✧firm adj/n.坚固的；商行✧fireworks n烟火✧fish vi/vt/n.钓鱼, 捕鱼；鱼✧fisherman n.渔夫✧fist n.拳头✧fit vt/vi/adj.合适, 配合；适配；合适的✧flag n.旗✧flame n.火焰✧flash n/v.闪电；使闪光✧flat adj/n.平坦的；公寓✧flavour n.滋味, 味道✧flee v.逃走, 逃离✧flesh n.肌肉, 果肉✧flexible adj.易弯曲的, 灵活的, 柔软的✧flight n.航班, 飞行✧float vi.浮动, 漂流✧flood n/v.洪水；淹没✧floor n.地板, 层✧flour n.面粉✧flow vi/n.流动, 飘拂✧flower n.花✧flu n.感冒✧fluent adj.流利的, 流畅的✧fly vi/vt/n.飞, 驾驶；飞机✧focus v/n.集中, 聚焦✧fog n.雾✧foggy adj.有雾的。

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.“Zootopia” Broke Disney RecordsLast weekend, the latest Disney movie, “Zootopia,” broke records. The mov ie had the largest opening weekend for a Disney animation (动画片). People across the United States bought more than $75 million worth of tickets.“Zootopia” is a city of animals. The movie stars a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal 21 team up to find a missing otter (水獭). He is among several animals that have suddenly disappeared from the city.“Zootopia”22 (praise) for its sharp humor and strong message since its release. The film explores racism and other issues in its description of relations 23 two kinds of animals in the city.Jared Bush and Phil Johnston wrote “Zootopia.” They told reporters that it started out as a spy movie 24 (set) in several different contexts. But they changed the story 25 they found the animal world especially interesting. They said to 26 something like this. “What’s this world like? What’s the history of this world?” And then, Bush said, they went to the experts. Not only 27 the writers speak with people who study couture (时装) and group behavior, but also they talked with animal experts like zookeepers.The creators have noted that the variety of animals was not easy 28 (produce) in drawings. In the movie, 64 species live in multiple neighborhoods 29 (represent) differen t animals’ living environments. Disney says “Zootopia” is its30 (complex) animation yet. The extra effort is certainly paying off at the box office.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. EachWhy your Password May Not Be As Safe As It SeemsDoes “qaz2ws” strike you as a nice safe password? What about “adgjmptw”? An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most 31 used, which of course means they are not secure at all.When ten million passwords were leaked on to the Internet, they appeared to 32 that attempts by Internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful, even if, in the specific case of the leaked passwords, they are also completely pointless.While many of the passwords were still single words, such as “password”, there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to 33 . The problem was that people seemed to do so in the same way.“Users are becoming slightly more 34 of what makes a password strong,” explained WP Engine, an I nternet company that performed the analysis. “For instance, adding a number or two at the end of atext phrase. That makes it better, right?”But 35 no. They found that almost half a million passwords did this and in 20 percent of those all people did was put the number “1” at the end.Perhaps this is why some companies are now trying to move gradually beyond passwords. Yahoo is giving users the option to associate their mobile phone with an account, and has a single use password texted to it each time they want to 36 on.Although the service is voluntary, Dylan Casey, an executive at Yahoo, said that it was “the first step to 37 passwords”. He said it was a(n) 38 that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had. “I don’t think we, as an industry, have done a good enough job of putting ourselves in the shoes of the people using our products,” he said.It would certainly be a more sensible strategy than so me people’s improving upon“password” by using “wasspord” or, tran5p053d numb3r5 f0r 13tt3r5.“We are, for the most part, predictably39 when it comes to choosing passwords, despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups,” said WP Engine. “We love taking a(n) 40 , and so do password crackers.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ever been just about to call someone when the phone rings and the person in question is on the other end? Or have you e xperienced a sudden feeling of unease or danger even though you’re in a(n) 41 situation? If you don’t believe in it, you’ll put it down to 42 and on overactive imagination. But some people believe it is 43 that there is a sixth sense beyond smell, taste, touch, hearing and sight. Now, scientists are carrying out experiments not only to prove that it exists, but also to find out how you can 44 it to your advantage.Dean Radin, a researcher in California, has set up the Boundary Institute in Los Altos and is currently using its website to recruit (招募) 4,000 people in 57 countries to find out if there are any 45 instances of sixth sense or, as he calls it, “precognition”— the ability to predict outcomes. The results so far are 46 . In a card test, where you have to 47 which of the five cards on a computer screen will be turned over to reveal a picture, the top scorers hit the right card 48% of the time — the 48 of this happening are 2,669 to 1.49 , Radin’s most famous study involves participants looking at a variety of images that are designed to stimulate a specific responses. In the experiment, participants sit alone in a room in front of a computer, with devices attached to their bodies to measure changes in skin resistance and blood flow, which are measures of emotional arousal. Radin has found that one in six people has a rise in arouse before they see the road accident-type pictures, while remaining 50 before the tree-type pictures.But even if you do accept that a sixth sense exists, the question is, does it actually 51 ? Radin says it does. “The future of our civilization depends on 52 that are being made now, whether it’s about how we farm our food, how we get rid of our waste or whether we allow chemicals to be included in everyday products. We don’t have answers to these important questions, yet what we decide on will 53 our lives for decades or longer. Anything we can do to improve our ability to predict future events is well worth the 54 ,” he says. “If it turns out that some people can genuinely forecast the future some of the time, as I believe the data shows, then 55 this ability is as important as cutting-edge science.41. A. unfamiliar B. tough C. harmless D. ridiculous42. A. coincidence B. resistance C. innovation D. distraction43. A. mystery B. evidence C. falsehood D. innocence44. A. alter B. define C. find D. use45. A. historical B. strange C. mistaken D. true46. A. extraordinary B. inevitable C. alarming D. disappointing47. A. ask B. guess C. recall D. learn48. A. figures B. methods C. scores D. chance49. A. However B. Otherwise C. Meanwhile D. Consequently50. A. active B. calm C. silent D. alert51. A. serve any purpose B. take any advantageC. make any progressD. win any support52. A. inquiries B. decisions C. donations D. comparisons53. A. ruin B. improve C. affect D. wait54. A. expense B. risk C. effort D. wait55. A. proving B. challenging C. limiting D. understandingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.AWhat happens in a particular class on a particular day depends on the interactions that occur between the teacher, the students, and the material being studied. The classroom context, generally speaking, includes all those factors that influence what happens during teaching and learning. These factors operate on different levels.The physical context, for example, influences what happens in the classroom. Space may restrict participation, depending on how a teacher interprets the situation. Some teachers use their surroundings to promote learning. Notice boards reflect themes or topics being studied; a display area presents students’ written work for others to read. Of course, some teachers remain unaware of the physical environment that they and their students inhabit together. A room, after all, is just a room. Yet the physical environment of the classroom affects the nature and types of interactions that will occur. Straight rows of tables, for example, are favourable to classroom lectures and turn-taking routines in which students one by one, recite answers to a teacher’s questions.A room isn’t just a room for teachers who seek to make the physical environment suitable for interactive learning. Interactive learning invites thinking, reading, writing, speaking, listening, and sharing. Such classrooms are arranged for individuals rather than for the “class” as a whole; they welcome students as active participants. Various physical arrangements encourage interactive learning, but they depend on the size of the room and the furniture that is available.A class can be organized for individual, group, or whole-class activities. Students are initially assigned seats at a combination of small and large tables. However, when the students work individually or in groups, they are free to abandon the assigned seating. The chalkboard occupies a central position in the room to accommodate whole-class study.56. According to the passage, “the physical context” (paragraph 2) may include .A. teachers’ rolesB. themes being studiedC. a display areaD. students’ participation57. Which of the following is the most suitable for a classroom lecture?58. From the last paragraph, we can learn that .A. classrooms should be arranged for the class as a wholeB. the chalkboard should be abandoned during group workC. seating can be changed for different classroom activitiesD. interaction can be encouraged by combining small and large tables59. What is the passage mainly about?A. The physical classroom environment varies with different types of interaction.B. The physical environment is a deciding factor for a successful lesson.C. Interactive learning depends on individuals ’ active involvement.D. Group work has become a trend in classroom teaching.B•$15.00 USD-8.5×11 Paper •$24.00 USD-11×17 Paper •$30.00 USD-13×19 Paper •$45.00 USD-17×22 Paper •$95.00 USD-24×30 Paper •$185.00 USD-34×47 Paper •$70.00 USD-17×22 Exhibition Canvas （帆布） •$140.00 USD-24×30 Exhibition Canvas •$275.00 USD-36×50 Exhibition Canvas •$350.00 USD-44×61 Exhibition Canvas •$80.00 USD-8.5×11 Framed (Black) •$85.00 USD-8.5×11 Framed (Brown) •$140.00 USD-11×17 Framed (Black) •$150.00 USD-11×17 Framed (Brown) •$215.00 USD-17×22 Framed (Black) • $225.00 USD-17×22 Framed (Brown)Christmas Shipping Deadlines• Domestic orders placed by December 20 will arrive for Christmas.• Overseas orders placed by December 9 will arrive for Christmas.• Overnight orders placed by December 22 will arrive for Christmas for an additional fee.Framed orders (domestic or overseas) require additional time for delivery.About Our PaperWe use high-quality, acid-free papers or heavyweight Exhibition Gallery Canvas.Paper SizesPaper sizes are in inches. If an image’s dimensions (尺寸) don’t exactly match the paper’s dimensi ons there will be a wider margin on the narrowest side. The long edge on prints 34×47 and larger will vary depending on the dimensions of the photo and may be longer than the size listed.Custom (定制的) FramesWe’ve partnered with Simply Framed to offer high-quality custom frames made in the USA. Please allow an additional 3 weeks for delivery. Frames come in black or brown wooden finish and include protectiveA German travel poster Showing the Imperial Castle in Nuremberg. Illustrated by Jupp Wiertz, c. 1930s. Add to Cart This product ships for free (both in U.S.A. and overseas) Made in U.S.A. ︳Satisfaction Guaranteedpaperback finish, wall bumpers, hanging hardware + nails, hanging and care instructions. Frames arrive gift-wrapped in brown paper.Framed sales are final.60. If you want to order a 17×22 print on canvas with a black frame, how much are you expected to pay?A. $ 45.00 USD.B. $ 70.00 USD.C. $ 215.00 USD. D. $ 225.00 SD.61. If you hope your framed order will reach your friend in Germany for Christmas, you’d better place your order by .A. December 20B. December 9C. November 30D. November 1962. The above advertisement is mainly intended to promote .A. a painting exhibitionB. superior printsC. Germany as a romantic destinationD. high-quality custom framesCWe’ve all heard the dangers of helicopter parenting. Remaining too involved in a kid’s life, especially throughout college, can lead to depression, lack of self-reliance and feelings of entitlement.This wisdom seems sound. But some academics and educators now say they see signs of a troubling resistance. The concern: that too much of warnings and horror stories —the cover of Julie Lythcott-Haims’ bestseller How to Raise an Adult instructs moms and dads to avoid “the overparenting trap” — is discouraging parents from getting involved at all.“Yes, parents can be intruders,” says Marjorie Savage, a researcher in the University of Minnesota. “At the same time, there are increasing examples of parents refusing to step up when students genuinely need their family.” At Hofstra University, for example, parents now ask embarrassedly about mental-health and campus-safety resources, as if bringing up those topics were forbidden, says Branka Kristie, who heads the family-outreach programs. And Savage recalls talking to a mom who kept quiet about her son’s signs of depression until right before he failed a semester. She did not want to “helicop ter in.”That means colleges, which have spent the past decade learning to cope with parents who get too involved, now have a different problem. In recent years, hundreds of colleges have either launched or increased their parent offices, which serve as one-stop shops for moms and dads looking to make complaints, report problem and generally stay in touch.Much of this began, of course, because schools were forced to cope with a generation of students connected with their parents like never before. On average, they communicate 22.1 times per week, according to research from Barbara Hofer, a psychology professor at Middlebury College. That’s more than twice the rate of a decade ago, before almost every student had a smartphone.With some moms and dads thinking twice of contacting the school in the first place, some programs are being used to encourage a more balanced approach, often through email and other social media. Hofstra’s Kristic advises parents to “be a guide, while granting that the student owns the journey.” That means asking questions, listening to answers, being patient and trusting kids to resolve their own problems. But if issues persist, or if a student is in serious mental or physical danger, it also means hopping in the chopper, at least for a little while.63. In paragraph 3, parents of Hofstra University students are mentioned to .A. show that parents have gone to the other extreme of overparentingB. provide educators with a new understanding of overparentingC. give a further example of supportive overparentingD. place emphasis on the necessity of overparenting64. The phrase “hopping in the chopper” in the last paragraph refers to .A. having trust in kidsB. stepping in to solve kids’ problemsC. joining a family-outreach programD. turning to social media for help65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Mental-health and campus-safety resources are forbidden topics among parents.B. How to Raise an Adult encourages parents to get engaged in family education.C. Overparenting is no longer a problem because of students’ self-reliance.D. There was less student-parent communication in the past than today.66. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Why Colleges Need Helicopter ParentsB. How to Improve Parent-school RelationsC. Why Overparenting Is in QuestionD. How to Communicate More as ParentsSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. The two types of comics are created in very different ways.B. But for people who love comic books, they can be a fantastic escape from the tough realities of modern life.C. They find it hard to understand why comic books appeal so many people.D. Comics have lost its charm in America.E. In Japan, the contrast couldn’t be greater.F. Manga heroes look smaller, younger than all-conquering American heroes who have large muscles and lots of themed clothes.Japanese and American Comic Book HeroesTo some people, the idea of reading comic books seems childish. 67 Comics are published globally, but Japanese and American versions dominate the market despite the fact — or perhaps because — they differ in a number of ways.68 American comics are a group effort, beginning with the story-writing team and the artist who produces drawings of initial ideas. When these drafts are finalized, the outlines, dialogue, and color are added. Also, creators of comic superheroes sometimes sell their titles to other creative teams, who keep the superhero “alive.” This is in sharp contrast to manga（日本漫画）creators, who are often individual authors merely responsible for the storylines, dialogue, and artwork. When a manga creator decides to stop, so does the hero.Another difference is the appearance of the heroes. 69 Also, manga heroes rarely look Japanese, and the stories do not typically take place in a Japanese context. However, American comic heroes, despite their masks, are proudly American and are admired for their readiness to defend U.S. cities.Probably the biggest difference is the readership. Up until the 1950s, American comic books were read by both children and adults, with popular titles such as Superman selling as many as half a million copies per month. The arrival of TV, however, led to a decline in sales so that now the average reader of an American comic book is a teenage boy with an interest in superheroes. 70 There manga sales are still booming, reaching as high as $ 7 billion each year largely because readers range from young boys and girls up to middle-aged men and women. Manga for men and boys, like the American comics, tend to be action-oriented, while manga for women and girls tend to be focused on relationships.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.ShynessIf you suffer from shyness, you are not alone, for shyness is a universal phenomenon. It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes.The first environmental cause of shyness may be a child’s home and family life. Today’s children are growing up in smaller and smaller families, with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbors and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel shy whenthey start school.A second environmental cause of shyness in an individual may be one’s culture. In a large study conducted in Japan, 57 percent of participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo say, “One explanation is that in Japan, an individual’s performance success is credited externally to parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and others, while failure is entirely blamed on the person.” Therefore, Japanese learn no t to take risks in public and rely instead on group-shared decisions.Technology may also play a role. In the United States, the number of young people who report being shy has risen from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years. Due to our huge advances in technology, watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Web have replaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people. Adults, too, are becoming more isolated as a result of technology. Face-to-face interactions with bank clerks, gas station attendants, and shop assistants are no longer necessary because people can use machines to do their banking, fill their gas tanks, and order goods. In short, they become shy.It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company.第II卷(共40分)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 你不必在乎他人对你的评论。

1.2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（课标卷I）选择题答案第一、二、三部分36-40 CCDAB41-45 DABAC 46-50 CDDBA 51-55 BCADB 56-60 AACCB61-65 DCDDB 66-70 BCABD第二节：One Possible VersionDear Peter,How are you doing?I’m writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference, and I’ve asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you’ve asked for before.Also, I’d like you to do me a favor. Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to his hotel since this is his first visit to the U.S.? Thank you in advance!His flight number is CA985, and it will arrive at 11:30 am, August 6. My uncle is tall and he is wearing glasses. And he will be in a blue jacket.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua2.2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（课标卷II）选择题：16-20: ADBBA 21-25: CBDCA 26-30: CDBCA31-35: DDBCA 36-40: BADBA 41-45: DBDCD 46-50: CABCDDear Tom,How are you doing? I wonder if you could sell some Chinese knots for me. I made them myself with red silk threads, cloth and other materials. They look really beautiful in the shape of a diamond, about 5 inches long and 4 inches wide. In china, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck. People can either give them as gifts to friends or hang them in their houses. They are only 12.99 US dollars each. If anyone wants to know more about the knots, let them write to me. Also, do let me know if you need further information. Thank you!Li hua.2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（大纲卷）选择题答案：第一、二、三部分：1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．A11．B 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．A 16．B 17．C 18．B 19．C 20．C21．D 22．A 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．B31．D 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．C 36．A 37．D 38．B 39．B 40．A41．C 42．B 43．D 44．C 45．A 46．C 47．D 48．B 49．C 50．A51．D 52．D 53．B 54．C 55．A 56．B 57．A 58．D 59．B 60．A61．D 62．B 63．D 64．C 65．D 66．C 67．A 68．B 69．A 70．C71．D 72．C 73．A 74．C 75．B非选择题答案：第二节：英语答案第1页（共2页）Dear Tom,How are you doing? I wonder if you could sell some Chinese knots for me. I made them myself with red silk threads, cloth and other materials. They look really beautiful in the shape of a diamond, about 5 inches long and 4 inches wide. In china, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck. People can either give them as gifts to friends or hang them in their houses. They are only 12.99 US dollars each. If anyone wants to know more about the knots, let them write to me. Also, do let me know if you need further information. Thank you!Li hua.4. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）第二部分: 第一节：单选21-25: DACBB 25-30: CDBDA 31-35: BCCDA第二节: 完形36-40: CAADB 41-45:BCDCD46-50:ACBDA 51-55:BDCAB第三部分: 阅读56-60: BADAC 61-65: CDBBA 66-70:DDACC 71-75: EDBAF第四部分：作文第一节：情景作文内容要点：1. 告别2.生病3.照顾. 4.夸奖Last Monday, my father said goodbye to my mother and me and went on a business trip. He would be awayfor three days. Just the next morning, I found my mother wasn’t feeling well. She had a cold. I immediatelywent to get her some medicine and then prepared some noodles for her, with my special care. My mother recovered quickly. When my father came back home, my mother told him what had happened he praised me for what I had done. I feel very happy that I have done something for my mother第二节开放作文I think the picture is telling us that there is usually a difference between one’s dream and reality. Peopleneed to learn to face it. Everyone has his dream, however, it is not so easy for people to realize their dreamsevery time. Just like the man in the picture, instead of the big fish he wishes for. He actually catches a smallone. In my opinion, People need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying. With another try, they may gain what they dream of.5. 2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（天津卷）单选1-15 BABDC BCAAD ACDBD完形16-35 CDABA BCDBA CDCBA ABACD阅读36-55 ABCDD ACDBC BCBDA ACDBDGood afternoon, my dear friends,My name is Li Jin. I feel excited to have the honor of running for vice president of our English Club. I think I am fully qualified for the job.Firstly, I am easygoing and can communicate with others in English fluently. Secondly, as a dynamic person, I have rich experience in organizing activities, such as English parties and all kinds of lectures. I will make good plans and spare no efforts to do more exchanges with other schools by holding English Speech Competition and debates if I get the chance. If I am lucky enough to be elected, I will make great contributions to serve students and try to make their life more colorful! I sincerely hope you can give me a chance. Thank you!6.2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）第一大题第1至第10小题，每题1分；第11至第16小题，每题2分；第17至第24小题，每题1分，共30分。

2013上海卷Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization 50 for all?According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes 53 at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. 55 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually 58 from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 59 , they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to 60 their products may soon face fierce competition that could pot them out of 61 . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out.One thing is certain about globalization—there is no 63 . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The 64 now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.(347 words)50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy51. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D. owing53. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase54. A. doubt B. define C. advocate D. ignore55. A. In addition B. For instance C. In other words D. All in all56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign57. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn59. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise60. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise61. A. trouble B. business C. power D. mind62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out63. A. taking off B. getting along C. holding out D. turning back64. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challengePeople on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble （绊脚）and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely t0 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings,two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think _ 55 _ assistance.In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57 , but had apparently been "lost" . The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.The degree of _ 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) 61 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example,shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone . 62 _ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies.Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 64 rather than drunk.50. A.study B.way C.word D.college51. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back52. A.refuse B.beg C.lose D.receive53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing54. A.important B. possible C. amusing D. missing55. A.seek B.deserve C.obtain D.accept56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example57. A.printed B.mailed C.rewritten D.signed58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact61. A.expensive B.plain C.cheap D.strange62. A.time B.instructions C.money D.chances63. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. SickEveryone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business—52 that the customer remains a customer.53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.A. in particularB. in realityC. at leastD. first of allA. emphasizeB. doubtC. overlookD. believeA. denyingB. ensuringC. arguingD. provingA. MovingB. HopingC. StartingD. FailingA. marketsB. tastesC. pricesD. expensesA. cultureB. socialC. financialD. economicalA. promiseB. planC. mistakeD. differe nceA. costB. opportunityC. profitD. budgetA. as a resultB. on the wholeC. in conclusionD. on the contraryA. hugeB. potentialC. extraD. reasonableA. beliefsB. loyaltyC. habitsD. interestA. alteringB. understandingC. keepingD. attractingA. AssumedB. RespectedC. EstablishedD. UnexpectedA. agreeableB. flexibleC. friendlyD. sensitiveA. unfairB. difficultC. essentialD. ConvenientThe first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing 50 .What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, 51 revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had. 52 several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber 53 some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information.Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to 57 . topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However. don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows 58 . Always make time to become your own 59 and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you 60 new ideas.Revising involves 61 the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask your self the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose 62 throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the 63 that is, facts, opinions, inferences -- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many 64 details that may confuse readers?50. A. technique B. style C. process D. career51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words52. A. undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced53. A. rewrote B. released C. recorded D. r reserved54. A. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore57. A. discuss B. switch C. exhaust D. cove r58. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training59. A. director B. master C. au dience D. visitor60. A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate61. A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing62. A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear63. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints64. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. finalMost people believe they don’t have much imagination. They are __50__. Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to __51__ it. Creativity isn’t always __52__ with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free time __53__ think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve, a tricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind! Here are three techniques to help you.Making connections This technique involves taking __54__ ideas and trying to find links between them. First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. Write down all the ideas/words __55__ with candles: light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the __56__ to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original __57__; you could buy him tickets to a match or take him out for the night.No limits! Imagine that normal limitations don’t __58__. You have as muchtime/space/money, etc. as you want. Think about your goal and the new __59__. If your goal is to learn to ski, __60__, you can now practice skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money). Now__61__ his to reality. Maybe you can practice skiing every day in December, or every Monday in January.Be someone else!Look at the situation from a __62__ point of view. Good businessmen use this technique in trade, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the __63__ in their books. They ask questions: What does this character want? Why can’t she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their __64__. The best fishermen think like fish!50. A. wrong B. unbelievable C. reasonable D. realistic51. A. put up with B. catch up with C. make use of D. keep track of52. A. equipped B. compared C. covered D. connected53. A. skillfully B. routinely C. vividly D. deeply54. A. familiar B. unrelated C. creative D. imaginary55. A. presented B. marked C. lit D. associated56. A. ideas B. ambitious C. achievement D. technique57. A. experience B. service C. present D. object58. A. work B. last C. exist D. change59. A. possibilities B. limitations C. tendency D. practice60. A. in fact B. in particular C. as a whole D. for example61 A. devote B. adapt C. lead D. keep62. A. private B. global C. different D. practical63. A. features B. themes C. creatures D. characters64 A. positions B. dreams C. images D. directions2013上海卷答案本文着重讲经济全球化的影响，全球化的支持者和反对者各自陈述出观点，列举出相应的研究等作为论据。

2013高考英语上海卷作文范文及详细解析II. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given in Chinese.上海博物馆拟举办一次名画展，现就展出场所（博物馆还是社区图书馆）征集公众意见，假设你是王敏，给上海博物馆写一封信表达你的想法。

你的信必须满足以下要求：1. 简述你写信的目的及你对场所的选择；2. 说明你的理由（从便利性，专业性等方面对这两个场所进行对比）To whom it may concern:I’ve learned that an art exhibition is to be held and that you’re collecting suggestions on its location. I’m writing this letter to share with you my opinions.In my opinion, it is more advisable to hold the art exhibition in Shanghai Museum than in community libraries. My reasons are as follows.On one hand, it is more convenient for people to get to Shanghai Museum which is located in the center of the city. And the museum is much more spacious than community libraries, which provides visitors with a more comfortable environment for appreciating art.On the other hand, as a well-known museum, Shanghai Museum is more professional and experienced in holding art exhibitions. Its professional security guards and advanced facilities can betterprotect those famous paintings from being damaged or stolen. Therefore, I suggest the exhibition be held in the museum.Wang Min解析：总评：本次高考题目以书信的方式考查观点论述的表达，属于常见题型。

全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷后二位校验码号码考生注意：1. 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页）两部分。

全卷共13页。

满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

2. 答第I卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、班级、姓名和准考证号，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号。

3. 第I卷（1-16小题，25-80小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。

答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。

第I卷中的第17-24小题、81-84小题和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题卡上，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。

第I卷（105分）I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.A. betweenB. alongC. belowD. with26. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey.A. three hourB. a three-hoursC. a three-hourD. three hours27. If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend onA. themselvesB. themC. usD. ourselves28. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensuretheir health.A. are havingB. haveC. have hadD. had had29. ---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.---Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. mustB. mustn'tC. shouldD. shouldn't30. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmersonly travelled the local market.A. longer thanB. more thanC. as much asD. as far as31. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.A. has restoredB. has been restoredC. is restoringD. isbeing restored32. I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.A. findB. foundC. to findD. finding33. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues withher stories.A. amusedB. amusingC. to amuseD. to be amused34. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A. However a serious problemB. What a serious problemC. However serious a problemD. What serious a problem35. the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.A. ApproachingB. ApproachedC. To approachD. To be approached36. One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. thatB. howC. whatD. why37. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let otherdrivers know .A. he is entering which laneB. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which laneD. which lane is he entering38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.A. on whichB. by whichC. to whichD. from which39. our manage objects to Tom's joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.A. UntilB. UnlessC. IfD. After40. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduce Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Forests in the northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they were 200 years ago as a result of climate change, according to a study of trees in eastern America. The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide in the ___41___.Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater. Maryland, said that the increase ha the rate of growth was unexpected and might be ___42___ to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons documented in the region. The growth may also be influenced by the significant ___43___ in atmospheric CO2, he said."We made a list of reasons these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them," Dr. Parker said. Their study suggests that northernforests may become increasingly important in ___44___ the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate.Dr. Parker and his colleagues have ___45___ out a detailed record of the trees on a(n) ___46___ basis since 1987. They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producing ___47___ tons of wood each year.The scientists ___48___ the land with trees at different stages of growth and found that both young and old trees were showing increased growth rate. More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown by between two and four times faster than the scientists had ___49___ from estimates of the long-term rates of growth.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing ___50___.What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, ___51___ revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had. ___52___ several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber ___53___ some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.When you revise, you change aspects of your work in ___54___ to your evolving purpose, or to include ___55___ ideas or newly discovered information.Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. ___56___, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to ___57___. topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However. don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows ___58___. Always make time to become your own ___59___and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you ___60___ new ideas.Revising involves ___61___ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose ___62___ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the ___63___ that is, facts, opinions, inferences --- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, haveI included too many ___64___ details that may confuse readers?50. A. technique B. style C. process D. career51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words52. A. undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced53. A. rewrote B. released C. recorded D. reserved54. A. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore57. A. discuss B. switch C. exhaust D. cover58. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training59. A. director B. master C. audience D. visitor60. A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate61. A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing62. A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear63. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints64. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. final Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased the dogs into the village where they ran for safety.That didn't stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. The villagers were scared and angry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess.Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up -- how to catch wild elephants.Parbati hasn't always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old fife. "Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase," she says.But Parbati doesn't catch elephants just for fun. "My work," she says, "is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man." And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called toguide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill.The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. "Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans," she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed!65. For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to .A. get long lasting excitementB. keep both man and elephants safeC. send them back to the jungleD. make the angry elephants tame66. Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, .A. she spent her time hunting with her fatherB. she learned how to sing love songsC. she had already been called an elephant princessD. she was taught how to hunt tigers67. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because __________.A. they are caught and sent for heavy workB. illegal hunters capture them and kill themC. they are attacked and their land gets limitedD. dogs often bark at them and chase them68. The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India _________.A. people easily fall victim to elephants' attacksB. the man-elephant relationship is getting worseC. elephant tamers are in short supplyD. dogs are as powerful as elephants(B)The following card includes a brief summary and a short assessment of aTrevor, C. O., Lansford, B. and Black, J. W., 2004, "Employee turnover(人事变更) and job performance: monitoring the influences of salary growth and promotion", Journal of Armchair Psychology, vol. 113, no.1, pp. 56-64.In this article Trevor et al. review the influences of pay and job opportunities in respect of job performance, turnover rates and employees' job attitude. The authors use data gained through organizational surveys of blue-chip companies in Vancouver, Canada to try to identify the main cause of employee turnover and whether it is linked to salary growth. Their research focuses on assessing a range of pay structures such as pay for performance and organizational reward plans. The article is useful as Trevor et al. suggest that there are numerous reasons for employee turnover and a variety of differences in employees' job attitude and performance. The main limitation of the article is that the survey sample was restricted to mid-level management, thus the authors indicate that further, more extensive research needs to be undertaken to develop a more in-depth understanding of employee turnover and job performance. As this article was published in a professional journal, the findings can be considered reliable. It will be useful additional information for the research on pay structures.research paper. It can provide a guide for further reading on the topic.69. The research paper published is primarily concerned withA. the way of preventing employee turnoverB. methods of improving employee performanceC. factors affecting employee turnover and performanceD. pay structures based on employee performance70. As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that .A. the data analysis is hardly reliableB. the research sample is not wide enoughC. the findings are of no practical valueD. the research method is out-of-date71. Who might be most interested in this piece of information?A. Job hunters.B. Employees in blue-chip companies.C. Mid-level managers.D. Researchers on employee turnover.(C)The London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added - a communications blackout caused by solar storms.After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a flesh cycle of sunspots that could peak in , just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and interact links sending five Olympic broadcast from London."The Sun's activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites," said Professor Richard Harrison, head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire.At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections (日冕物质抛射) occur in the Sun's atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. " A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometres per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications," Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of the solar flares (太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur. Professor Richard Hold away, the lab's director, said that the SDO should be able to provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth "If we have advance warning, we'll be able toreduce the damage. What you don't want is things switching off for a week with no idea of what's caused the problem," he said.72. The phrase "communications blackout" in paragraph 1 most probably refersto during the Olympics.A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torchB. the collapse of broadcasting systemsC. the transportation breakdown in LondonD. the destruction of weather satellites73. What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?A. The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth.B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle.C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.D. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.74. According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to _________.A. take images of the solar systemB. provide early warning of thunderstormsC. keep track of solar activitiesD. improve the communications on Earth75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Solar Storms: An Invisible KillerB. Solar Storms: Earth Environment in DangerC. Solar Storms: Threatening the Human RaceD. Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be TroubledSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for eachparagraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.Nowadays. millions of people misuse and even overuse pain medicationsand other drugs. Research by the American National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, 1999) shows that around 2% of the population over age 12 were using drugs non-medically.77.NIDA views medications as a powerful force for good in the contemporary world. They reduce and remove pain for millions of people suffering from illness and disease. They make itpossible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives. Many people afflicted by serious medical conditions are able to control their symptoms and become active, contributing citizens. NIDA points out that most individuals who take these drags use them in a responsible.78.Nevertheless, overuse of drugs such as opioids, central nervous system (CNS) depressants and stimulants does lead to harmful reliance in some people and is therefore becoming a serious public health concern. Although this abuse affects many people worldwide, particular trends of concern to the medical profession in the US appear among older adults, teenagers arid women.79.Though it may be a surprise to many, the misuse of medications may be the most common form of drug abuse among the elderly. Dr Kenneth Schrader of Duke University, North Carolina states that although the elderly represent about 13% of the US population, those aged 65 and over account for the consumption of one third of all drugs. People in this age group use medications roughly three times more than the general population and have poorer compliance with instruction for use. In another study of elderly patients admitted to treatment programs, 70% were women who had overused medicines.80.Unfortunately, this trend among women does not only affect those aged over In general, among women and men who are using either an anti-anxiety drug or a sedative, women are twice as likely to become addicted. In addition, statistics compiled for 12-17 year olds show that teenage girls are more likely than teenage boys to begin overusing psychotherapeutic medication such as painkillers, tranquillizers, stimulants and sedatives.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Phys ed (physical education) is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum (核心课程)， but with a difference. While group sports are still part of the curriculum, the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class. Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance. In this way ，kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life the rest of their life.Considering that 15 percent of American children 6 to 18 are overweight,supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum. In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often "put P.E. on the chopping block, cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered," says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids. The difference in phys ed programs is partly due to the lack of a national standard. "Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum," she added.The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support. Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have demonstrated how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be. They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports. The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because reluctant students were able to sit on the bench. Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a tiny percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school. The new method teaches sells that translate to adulthood.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. In the new P.E. program, children learn to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance rather than ___________________.82. As for P.E., some school boards either ____________.83. What are the two problems with simply teaching group sports?84. What is the long-term benefit of the new P.E program?第Ⅱ卷（共45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.这本杂志花了我20多元。

Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets。

1、格林先生本周日要去拜访一位朋友，此人精通理财之道。

(who）2、人们是否会推迟退休还有待于讨论(remain）。

3、无论任务多么艰巨，我们都要不遗余力地完成。

（However）4、许多公司在雇佣员工时,相对于能力而言，更看重个性。

（emphasis）5、如果双方在这些事务上能达成共识，就有可能在新的领域进一步合作.（If...)1、Mr. Green is going to visit\see a friend this Sunday, who knows a lot about money matters.2、It remains to be discussed whether people will delay retiring. /Whether people will delay retiring remains to be discussed。

3、However hard the task is, we should spare no efforts to accomplish it。

4、Many companies put more emphasis on personality than on capability when they employ staff members。

5、If both the parties can agree on these issues， they are likely to further cooperate （have further cooperation)in the new field。

Directions：Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.1。

高考英语中译英测验1 （A） Section A1.商店里的商品琳琅满目，让我们眼花缭乱。

（accustomed）2. 他利用她人好心软，三番五次向她借钱。

（advantage）3.在西方国家绝对不要问有关工资这样的隐私问题。

（ask）4.她已向这家公司申请担任秘书。

（apply）5.在旧社会，出身贫寒的人很少有接受教育的机会。

(access)6.这个获胜者因她的画而得了一等奖。

（award）7.必须立刻采取行动以减少台风带来的损失。

（action）8.边开车边打手机是违反交通规则的。

（against）9.我向你保证我有能力解决这个问题。

（ability）10.你该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。

（apologize）11.显而易见，这个国家的人每时每刻都可以喝到新鲜牛奶。

（available）12.我很高兴被聘请担任北京奥运会的口译员。

（act）13.丰富的网络资讯吸引老老少少上网冲浪。

（attract）14.这位科学家终日废寝忘食地埋首于研究。

（absorb）15.十分感激你给我这次面试的机会。

（appreciate）16.各色阳伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。

（add to）17.人生可贵，不要为日常琐事而忧心忡忡。

（anxious）18.再你做决定之前请考虑一下我的感受。

（account）19.我已安排了一辆出租车去机场接你。

（arrange）20.在山区，很多同我年纪相仿的儿童上不起学。

（afford）Section B1.在发展经济的同时，我们必须注意节约资源和防止污染。

（attention）2.他的话表明充分意识到了不努力学习的后果。

（aware）3.专家们建议实施这项工程以造福子孙后代。

（advise）4.听说他昨天闹情绪，没来上班。

（absent）5.尽可能的多看书，你的作文会有进步的。

（and）6.有些留学生要过很长时间才能适应新的礼节和风俗。

（adapt）7.是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥，委员们意见不一。

绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 学.科.网11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. 学科.网Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was. 学.科网(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Golden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinishedsattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Parispromises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water anddrive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets everyfive years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a declineof up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push bylow-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could savethem from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of theway to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Scien ce and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal informatio n have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at anytime of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up”escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。