How to persuade people

专题03 必修二Unit3根底学问一遍过单元根底达标练Ⅰ.依据汉语意思填写1．The salesgirl pretended not to hear me and went on _______(闲谈) with a lady in blue．2．The 600 km/h maglev trains contribute to the establishment of a multidimensional transportation system with plete, efficient, flexible and ____________ (便利的) features in China. 3．The exact ________(功能) of sleep is still a mystery, but we know that reduced sleep or sleep loss is related to reduced performance, health and survival.4．So far the eticket service has been ________(采纳) in highspeed railway stations so that passengers don’t need printed tickets any more.5．Researchers found that ______ (流播) an album over the Internet will use 27 times energy than it takes to produce a single CD．6．The ____________ (目标) audience for this advertisement was mainly teenagers.7．I’m writing to __________(确认) the book ng for a single room for the night of January 30. 8．Professor Smith’s lecture on the Internet ________ (使……受益) me a lot .9．Is there a ________ (折扣) for staying at your hotel for several days?10．I was the first to ask him an ____ (令人为难的) question.Ⅰ.用单词的适当形式完成句子11．The newbuilt mall has provided seats for the ________(convenient) of its customers. 12．Knowledge gained from studying earthquake waves__________(apply) in various fields recently.13.Our parents live some ________ (distant) away.14．Her trust in me has inspired me ________(attempt) to do what I never imagined possible. 15.So far, power ________(restore) in most parts that were hit by high winds last night. 16．Justtell us the colour and design you have________ mind. We’ll change them accordingly. 17．She was faced with a new job, in ________(familiar) surroundings with strange people. 18．This part of the city is an area ________ which I have been familiar since childhood. 〔用19．So far this year, no measures ________ (take) against cruelty to animals despite their protest in the newspaper.20．_________(confirm) a booking is very important for travelling in summer holiday.Ⅰ.阅读理解AOver the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted〔分心〕driving was "only increasing, unfortunately.""Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's handsfree driving laws."We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,〞said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on handheld devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill bees law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."21．Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?A．Ineffective.B．Unnecessary.C．Inconsistent.D．Unfair.22．What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?A．Where a driver came from.B．Whether a driver used their phone.C．How fast a driver was going.D．When a driver arrived at the scene.23．What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?A．Advice.B．Data.C．Tests.D．Laws.24．What is a suitable title for the text?A．To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You StartB．Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the TextalyzerC．New York Banning HandHeld Devices by Drivers.D．The Next Generation Cell Phone: The TextalyzerBAccording to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many munities, especially infarming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,〞says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.〞InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “lowimpact〞solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest lowimpact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinatorfriendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinatorfriendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,〞says Macknick.25．What do solar developers often ignore?A．The decline in the demand for solar energy.B．The negative impact of installing solar panels.C．The rising labor cost of building solar farms.D．The most recent advances in solar technology.26．What does InSPIRE aim to do?A．Improve the productivity of local farms.B．Invent new methods for controlling weeds.C．Make solar projects environmentally friendly.D．Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.27．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?A．To conserve pollinators.B．To restrict solar development.C．To diversify the economy.D．To ensure the supply of energy.28．Which of the following is the best title for the text?A．Pollinators: To Leave or to StayB．Solar Energy: Hope for the FutureC．InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD．Solar Farms: A New DevelopmentⅠ.完形填空“Dad, just touch the green button! The one with a little picture of a telephone on it!〞I wasHowever, I can say the iPhone has 43 our relationship. 29．A．cheatedB．askedC．coachedD．followed 30．A．enrichB．fundC．simplifyD．save 31．A．slightlyB．stronglyC．bravelyD．successfully 32．A．threwB．boughtC．forgotD．accepted 33．A．turnedB．progressedC．repliedD．contributed 34．A．humorousB．proudC．urgentD．quiet 35．A．understandB．seeC．hearD．treat36．A．eyeB．earC．mouthD．hand 37．A．pictureB．observeC．preventD．mind 38．A．angryB．cautiousC．crazyD．patient39．A．searching forB．testing outC．paying forD．figuring out 40．A．wordB．newsC．routineD．weather 41．A．strangeB．impressiveC．worryingD．easy 42．A．reformB．resistanceC．addictionD．limitation 43．A．plicatedB．startedC．destroyedD．enhancedⅠ.读后续写44．阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

2022-2023学年广东省普宁市第一中学高三上学期10月月考英语试题1. If you have no difficulty in understanding what native English speakers say in daily life, there is a whole new world of brilliant podcast (播客) series to explore. If you aren’t sure where to start, have a look at these:1. In order to fully enjoy these podcasts, you should________.A．have interaction with hostsB．have good English competenceC．be interested in being a podcasterD．be familiar with American social life2. Which podcast gives you more stories behind the scene?A．The Writer's Voice.B．This American Life.C．The Joe Rogan Experience.D．Overheard at National Geographic.3. What do these podcasts have in common?A．They enjoy great popularity.B．Their stories are set in America.C．They are attached to magazines.D．Their works are updated weekly.2. I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all —LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.1. What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?A．Efforts made in vain.B．Getting injured in his work.C．Feeling uncertain about his future.D．Creatures forced out of their homes.2. Why was the author called to Muttontown?A．To rescue a woman.B．To take care of a woman.C．To look at a baby owl.D．To cure a young owl.3. What made the chick calm down?A．A new nest.B．Some food.C．A recording.D．Its parents.4. How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A．It’s unexpected.B．It’s beautiful.C．It’s humorous.D．It’s discouraging.3. Unhealthy diets are responsible for preventable deaths globally per year, more even than smoking tobacco, according to a major study.“But the biggest problem is not the junk we eat but the nutritious food we don’t eat,” say researchers, calling for a global shift in policy to promote vegetables, fruit, nuts and beans. While sugar and trans-fats are harmful, more deaths are caused by the absence of healthy foods in our diet. Heart attacks are the main diet-related causes of death, followed by cancers and diabetes (糖尿病).The study found that eating and drinking better could prevent one in five deaths around the world. “Rather than trying to persuade people to cut down on sugar, salt and fat, which has been the main focus of diet policy debate in the past two decades, it would be better to promote healthy options. Adoption of diets emphasizing beans and other healthy plant sources of protein, for instance, will have important benefits for human health,” note the researchers.The study is the most comprehensive analysis on the health effects of diet ever conducted. It looked at 15 different nutrients, giving detailed knowledge of the analysis and summary of the risk factorsof them.Tom Sanders, a professor of nutrition and dietetics (饮食学), said the analysis put too much emphasis on individual component s rather than the overall diet. “Overweight is a major driver for risk of diabetes as well as cancer and the health evidence for this relationship is strong. Overweight is caused by eating more food energy than required rather than specific dietary components such as sugar. The trend for populations to sit too much is a major reason why there is an imbalance between energy intake and consumption but Increased availability of foods with high calories makes it too easy to overeat.”1. What do the researchers think is the best way to lower preventable death rate?A．Restricting junk food. B．Trying to eat healthily.C．Avoiding risk factors. D．Adopting high-calorie diets.2. What’s the major concern of the current diet policy?A．The diversity of food.B．The importance of nutritious food.C．The reduction of unhealthy food intake.D．The balance between diet and exercise.3. Which of the following does Tom Sanders agree with?A．The analysis overlooks dietary integrity.B．Overweight results from diabetes and cancer.C．People who rarely exercise must diet strictly.D．Particular dietary components lead to overweight.4. Where is the text most likely from?A．A product brochure. B．A cookbook.C．A medical textbook. D．A health journal.4. Is there a link between social media and depression? Do Facebook and Instagram have a negative impact on your mental health? It’s complicated.Sometimes, looking through Instagram just makes you feel bad. You try not to envy your friends, but they always seem to be traveling somewhere cool, eating something fancy, or looking cute in perfect just-rolled-out-of-bed hair. On the other hand, there are times when you laugh at funny memes (表情包), catch up with old friends, and feel happy to belong to fun social media communities. Clearly, social media isn’t all bad.People are increasingly suspecting that there’re potential problems of social media. Things like cyberbullying (网上欺凌) , screen addiction, and being exposed to endless filtered images (美颜) that make it impossible not to make comparisons between yourself and others often make the news. In July, a big study came out in the journal JAMA titled “Association of Screen Time and Depression in Adolescence.” This big headline seems to confirm what a lot of people have been saying — screen time is horrible for young people.The study followed over 3,800 adolescents over four years as part of a drug and alcohol prevention program. Part of what the investigators measured was the teens’ amount of screen time, including time spent on social media, as well as their levels of depression symptoms. One of their main findings was that higher amounts of social media use were associated with higher levels of depression. That was true both when the researches compared between people and compared each person against their own mental health over time.Case closed? Not so fast. Before we end the debate once and for all, let’s take a closer look at this and other studies. Let’s ask ourselves: what exactly is the relationship between social media use and depression? It turns out there are several warnings.1. Why do people sometimes feel bad when looking through Instagram?A．They feel unbalanced. B．They can travel nowhere.C．They don’t look perfect.D．They lack contact with old friends.2. Why is the article in journal JAMA mentioned?A．To comment. B．To suggest. C．To prove. D．To explore.3. Which may agree with the findings of the study?A．Teens’ amount of screen time is limited.B．Depression is related to social media use.C．It is not easy to tell reasons for depression.D．Social media contributes to physical health.4. What’s the best title of the text?A．How to reduce depression?B．Shall people reduce screen time?C．Does social media cause depression?D．Why is it time to give up social media?5. Cycling or Running?Aerobic (有氧) exercise is an effective tool to assist with fat loss. It can be fun and help build up your body. Running and cycling, for example, are both good for you. 1 Read on and make an informed decision.Metabolic (代谢) LevelAt the metabolic level, fast running beats fast cycling. There is also the fact that when you’re riding downhill, you’re essentially at rest because you’re coasting. Not so with running. 2 You’re also getting more of a total body workout with running than you get with cycling.Difficulty Of AdoptionYou could ride a bike for hours. With no pounding on your joints, you can go far and fast. Now compare that to taking up running. The first few times you try running, you will breathe heavily, wondering wh y on earth you’re putting yourself through such suffering. It takes enormous determination for most people to become runners. 3RacingFoot races are popular the world over. There are 5Ks, 10Ks, half and full and ultra-marathons. Any decent-sized city will have your choice of races. 4 It forces you to train and pushes you to get better. Contrarily，it’s harder to find many races for cycling.ConvenienceIn terms of convenience, running can’t match cycling. You will reach a specific destination way faster on a bike than by running. It’s also easier for carrying things on a bike.5 Both cycling and running have something to offer. It’s about analyzing th eir respective advantages and deciding what’s right for you.6. Years ago, my grandmother was in a nursing home. She was a retired university professor, which brought her an ocean of _______ she had taught before.In sharp _______ with my grandmother, almost no one came to see the old man next door. He was _______ most of the time.Once I_______ him, “How are you doing recently?” He gave me a look, saying nothing. Thinking he was _______ of hearing, I raised my voice and asked again. He just shook his head slightly. After a long while, finding I was _______ there, he just said, “Fine.” Then he looked a way. I had to shut up, feeling rather _______.Later, I learned that the old man had got quite a few companies from his family. Since he was not a good _______, he annoyed many people and even made his family and friends _______. And________, his companies all failed.So what is the most important ________ a person can have? Perhaps you think making money is the answer. No! But the ability to ________ your thoughts is. It’s extremely important for a person to learn to put what he thinks into ________. It makes a relationship ________ and a career flourish (繁荣). I’m afraid this is something many of us ________. Just think: How many of us have ever hurt those who love us just because we are not good at speaking? So, more often than not, it is not what we think but how we speak that determines how far we can go in life.1.A．neighbors B．friends C．relatives D．visitors2.A．agreement B．contrast C．conflict D．company3.A．alone B．calm C．high-spirited D．impatient4.A．questioned B．greeted C．encountered D．encouraged5.A．tired B．ashamed C．hard D．short6.A．always B．already C．also D．still7.A．uncomfortable B．concerned C．helpless D．innocent8.A．expert B．competitor C．speaker D．partner9.A．break down B．pull away C．fall behind D．drop out10.A．typically B．obviously C．unexpectedly D．consequently 11.A．skill B．challenge C．principle D．qualification 12.A．update B．develop C．express D．dominate13.A．action B．words C．plans D．consideration 14.A．appear B．worsen C．collapse D．last15.A．lack B．possess C．oppose D．defense7. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Unit10Handling Personal FinancesTheme:personal financesLanguage functions:Agreeing and disagreeingObjectives:Students shall be able to talk about money-related issues and build skills in managing personal finances.In addition,students should be able to express agreement or disagreement when they discuss and debate how to earn,save,and spend money wisely.Warm-upProcedures:1.Give students one minute to identify the messages contained in the cartoon.Students may have their interpretations,but generally:1)college tuition is quite high;2)the mother is encouraging her daughter to make good use of the pocket money.2.Then,organize a free discussion on the two questions below the cartoon.3.Invite a few students to share their answers about how they pay for college and what they use their allowance for.Activity11.ConversationIn the dialogue,the two students are exchanging their ideas on how to manage personal finance.Their discussion highlights issues many students face—balancing expenses with limited budgets.Lead the students through the dialogue for language points,expressions on agreements and disagreements,and expressions on giving/taking/rejecting advice.Then ask students to have a look at the functional expressions in the Language Bank.Language points:●Agreement:That’s the point./That’s exactly my problem.●Partial agreement:Life at college should indeed be colorful,but we have to draw a linebetween what we need and what we want.●Disagreement:Come on…●Asking for advice:What’s your secret?/Tell me how./What shall I do?●Giving advice:I wouldn’t do that if I were you.●Rejecting advice:That never works for me!2.Discussion●Focus:This task is designed to have students reflect on their financial situations andspending habits.Through the discussion,students can gain greater self-awareness of sensible consumption and learn practical strategies from their peers.●Procedures:1.Divide students into small groups of four.Ask them to take turns to share in groups if they can live within their monthly budget and what actions they take when short on money.2.Then discuss in groups what they believe are healthy financial habits for students.Each member should contribute1-2ideas.3.Bring the class back together.Invite a few representatives to summarize their discussions.4.On the board,make a list of healthy financial habits for students based on their discussion. End up by encouraging students to cultivate healthy financial habits.Additional Resources for Teachers:Here are some suggested healthy financial habits for college students:-Make a budget and track spending:Know where your money is going each month and plan based on income and expenses.-Prioritize needs over wants:Spend money on necessities like food,housing,transportation first before entertainment,shopping,etc.-Save a portion of income:Put aside a percentage of any money you receive into savings. Having an emergency fund is important.-Limit eating out:Eating at the university cafeteria is much cheaper than dining out frequently.-Find free or low-cost entertainment:Take advantage of free events,student discounts,and splitting costs with friends.-Look for freebies and deals:Get free samples,use coupons and loyalty programs.-Establish a fun money allowance:Budget a set amount each week for non-essential spending.-Pay with cash:Studies show people spend less with cash.-Avoid impulse purchases:Give yourself time to think through a purchase.-Earn extra income:Get a part-time job or freelance work to supplement your budget.-Live within your means:Don’t try to keep up with others’spending.Focus on needs.3.Pair work●Focus:This task is designed to have students analyze proverbs related to personalfinances in pairs.This exchange allows students to articulate their financial philosophies while being open-minded to other stances.●Procedures:1.Ask students to review the list of money-related proverbs and select the one they most strongly connect with or find insightful.Students can also discuss one that is not on the provided list.2.Divide students into pairs.Explain to students that they will take turns to share their selected proverb and interpretation with their partner.They may agree or disagree with each other,but they should try to use the expressions that have been introduced.3.Then the teacher may ask some volunteers to share their understanding of a particular proverb with the whole class and see if others would agree or disagree with them.●Suggested Answers:Here are some suggested answers:No one is poor unless he thinks himself so.The proverb tries to persuade people never to be beaten by troubles or difficulties in life or lose hope and confidence in winning their fortune.As long as we believe in ourselves and work hard,we can one day realize our dreams and achieve what we want.Be penny-wise and pound-foolish.Don’t focus so much on saving pennies and nickels that you miss out on bigger opportunities. Being overly frugal about small expenses is counterproductive if you waste money in more significant ways.A fool can earn money,but it takes a wise man to save and dispose of it to his advantage. Financial wisdom involves more than just earning money.Knowing how to budget,save,and use money wisely is more beneficial in the long term.Invest for the future.Neither a borrower nor a lender be.Avoid both relying heavily on borrowed money and lending money to others.Too much debt burdens the borrower.Lending money can also strain relationships sometimes.4.Group work●Focus:This task provides an opportunity for students to research the financial situationsof their peers.●Procedures:1.Divide students into groups of four.Explain to students that each group will survey student expenditures.2.Ask students to review the survey template provided.They can add or modify questions as desired.3.Give students sufficient time to conduct the survey and gather results.Suggest a minimum sample size.4.In groups,students calculate and analyze the survey results.5.Each group should prepare a summary of key findings from their survey and the implications for money management.6.Each group will present their survey methodology,results,analysis,and recommendations to the class.7.After presentations,lead a class discussion reflecting on spending habits and budgeting needs revealed from survey outcomes.8.Optional:Have students write an individual reflection on how they might adjust their own finances and spending based on the survey findings.Activity21.ConversationThis dialogue depicts a married couple,Nick and Janet,arguing over their household finances and inability to budget effectively.They are frustrated by their lack of savings and mounting expenses.The conversation reveals issues stemming from their different spending habits, incomes,and attitudes about money management.This dialogue presents an opportunity for students to analyze techniques for successful financial collaboration in relationships.2.Pair work●Focus:This creative task requires students to analyze the core issues in the couple’sdispute over finances and find reasonable compromises that address each one’s concerns.Through this task,students will demonstrate empathy,communication skills,and problem-solving skills as they work to resolve the conflicting approaches to household budgeting.●Procedures:1.Have students work in pairs.Explain to students that they will play the role of Nick and Janet and resolve the couple’s budget dispute.Give students one minute to re-read the dialogue and analyze the issues presented.2.Have students act out their extended conversation.Remind them to reach a reasonable compromise.The dialogue should end with the couple agreeing on a household budget and financial plan. This may involve:-Deciding on overall savings goals-Creating spending categories with assigned amounts-Agreeing on a system for tracking expenses-Compromising on discretionary spending items3.Invite a few volunteers to perform their completed dialogues for the class.4.Lead a short discussion reflecting on the budget solutions presented.Which compromises were most reasonable?What communication tactics worked best?5.Optional:Have students write a short reflection on what they learned about managing finances as a couple.Sample DialogueNick:I still think we need to control our spending.What if we each have an allowance to spend entirely at our discretion?Janet:But we need transparency,not separation.I don’t want to ask you for money when I need it.Nick:You’re right,that doesn’t work.Hmm,what if we have a shared account for bills and household expenses that we both contribute to based on our incomes?Then the rest ispersonal spending money.Janet:That’s better,but it doesn’t address our different attitudes about what’s worth spending on.For example,you think my books are useless.Nick:Okay,true.I suppose I should be less critical about your minor purchases if you could attempt to somewhat reduce your larger expenses.Janet:Fair enough.And we should agree on our savings goals for the year.Let’s aim to save$5000for vacations and$3000for the kids’college.Nick:Alright,it’s a deal.Should we use an app to track where all the money is going each month?That way we can catch any leaks early.Janet:Definitely.Having it all visible will help us make better choices together rather than pointing fingers.As long as we’re open to each other and work as a team,I think we can do this!Nick:Me too.I’m sorry.This is new to us but I’m glad we talked it out.Janet:Apology accepted.Now,ready to go over these credit card statements?Full transparency!Nick:You got it!Let’s do this.3.Role-play●Focus:This role-play task is designed to have students practice managing householdfinances through an improvised dialogue.The goal is to collaboratively track expenses and deposits to gain skills in household money management.●Procedures:1.Have students work in pairs.In each pair,one student should be the“big spender”and the other be the“miser.”2.Explain to students that they will play the role of a married couple who will review the monthly account book together.Remind them to take on the opposing attitudes of their roles.3.Give students a few minutes to review the account book and prepare for the role-play.The big spender should be ready to justify lavish purchases.The miser should express concern over unnecessary spending.4.Invite a few pairs to present their role-plays for the class.Pairs should aim to reconcile their different spending habits and agree on a reasonable budget and financial plan.5.Lead a discussion on the challenges of synchronizing financial viewpoints with a partner and effective strategies to enhance communication.Sample DialogueMiser:Okay,let’s go over these expenses line by line.RMB557at the shopping center?! That seems extremely high.What did you buy?Big Spender:I got some new clothes for work and a nice pair of shoes.Can’t I treat myself every once in a while?Miser:I suppose,but we need to stick to our budget.RMB80for a football ticket also seems excessive when we could watch it at home.Big Spender:It was a special event!I got to see it live with my friends.Miser:Let’s try to limit recreational spending to RMB100a month going forward.Now,the RMB200at the beauty parlor?!What’s that about?Big Spender:A girl’s got to look good!It was for a haircut and highlights.I can’t help it if the salon is pricey.Miser:Maybe try a less expensive place next time.I think we can cut this category in half. As for the RMB120movie—watching at home is way cheaper.Big Spender:Okay,I see your point.I can cut back on some of these extra treats.But could I still get some personal fun money that I don’t need to justify?Miser:That’s fair.How about we each get RMB200in discretionary spending?And we’ll save more by cooking at home and looking for free entertainment.Big Spender:It’s a deal!I want us to reach our savings goals.And I appreciate that you keep us on track.Miser:Thanks for being open to compromise.Together we’ve got this budget thing down! Activity31.How much money does a student need per month?This text discusses appropriate monthly allowances for college students in China.It centers on a university student dissatisfied with her RMB2,000monthly stipend from her parents, which she argues prevents her from indulging in luxuries like her peers.The author counters that this amount should sufficiently cover a student’s needs,citing a survey showing average undergraduate expenses in major cities were under RMB2,000.Experts advise students to adjust consumption based on family income and remember that education is the priority over material comforts.The issue reflects a generation gap in attitudes toward money, consumption values,and life priorities between Chinese youth and their elders.It also highlights the challenges of managing personal finances independently for the first time as a young adult.The text provides broader commentary on the importance of developing healthy spending habits.2.Discussion●Focus:Through this task,students will analyze their financial attitudes and deepen theirunderstanding of responsible money management and consumption habits.●Procedures:Divide students into groups of four and ask them to share their answers to the questions with group members.Remind students that they should have one member take notes of the major points that group members have made.After the group discussion,the note-takers would report their group discussion to the class.3.Role-play●Focus:This role-play scenario aims to provide an interactive way for students tointernalize the text’s themes revolving around fiscal responsibility and independence.Students could also practice agreeing and disagreeing,as well as offering and accepting suggestions through talking about money issues.Procedures:1.Divide students into pairs.In each pair,one student should be Student A and the other be Student B.2.Give students two minutes to read their role cards and get into character.Students should think about how they would act in their assigned role and improvise conversation based on their role descriptions.3.After five minutes of role-playing,the teacher will invite some students to present their role-play to the class.5.To conclude,students share their experiences and discuss what they learned about from this activity,and the teacher will summarize the insights gained.Sample Dialogue:Student A:I can’t believe my parents haven’t bought me a laptop yet.How do they expect me to do my schoolwork without one?It’s ridiculous that they haven’t provided me with this basic necessity for studying.Student B:I’m sorry to hear you don’t have a laptop,but maybe your parents can’t afford one right now.My parents give me a monthly allowance that’s usually enough,but lately, I’ve been donating some of it to charity so I’m short on cash.Student A:Well,if I were you,I’d tell my parents to give me more money.They should be responsible for making sure you have everything you need as a student.Student B:I disagree.I think we need to learn to be independent and make sacrifices sometimes.Your parents probably want you to focus on your studies rather than expensive gadgets.Student A:I guess you have a point.I don’t need the latest laptop.I should be grateful that my parents provide for my basic needs.It’s admirable that you’re donating your own money to help others in need.Student B:Thank you.But now I’m worried about covering my expenses.Do you have any ideas on how I could earn some extra money?Student A:Hmm...you could tutor younger students or get a part-time job on campus.Let me know if you need help!Student B:Those are great suggestions!Thanks for your advice!Supplementary Activity1.Learn to spend sustainablyThe passage offers advice for developing healthy spending habits and avoiding financial issues stemming from overspending.It targets readers who struggle with impulse purchases or have trouble differentiating between wants and needs.2.Discussion●Focus:This discussion aims to have students reflect on their spending habits andevaluate the effectiveness of the tips for avoiding impulsive purchases.●Procedures:1.Explain to students that the goal of this discussion is to reflect on their spending habits and evaluate strategies for controlling impulsive purchases.Encourage students to be open about sharing their experiences.2.Invite a few volunteers to describe a time they made an impulsive e probing questions to understand their motivations.3.After a few students have shared,facilitate a whole-class discussion on the effectiveness of the tips provided in the passage.Ask students to explain their perspectives.4.Invite students who have tried any of the techniques to describe their experiences implementing them.Did the strategies help manage spending?Have each student identify one tip they would be willing to try and explain why they think it would work for them.5.Leave five minutes at the end for students to reflect individually on new insights they have gained about sustainable spending habits.Definition:Impulsive buying,or impulsive spending,is the tendency of a customer to buy goods and services without planning.When a customer makes such buying decisions at the spur of the moment,it is usually triggered by emotions and feelings.Description:Impulsive buying can’t be categorized for one specific product category. Impulsive buying can be seen in products such as chocolates,clothes,and mobile phones and in big-ticket items such as cars,jewelry,etc.Impulsive buying means making an unplanned purchase.It is based on an irrational thinking.Marketers try to tap this behavior of customers to boost sales.There is a great likelihood that customers end up making a purchase ofproducts after entering the hypermarket without any actual intent of doing so.Many mobile phone makers tend to exploit this trait in customers by introducing products that can be add-on gadgets for their mobiles such as fitness bands,etc.。

外研版高中英语（2019）选择性必修三Unit 1 Face values1. What can you see in the three pictures?2 What does each of the pictures tell you about the characters?3 What can you learn from the pictures?Answers:1. In the first picture, there are four yellow ducklings standing together, one grey duckling standing alone and a swan flying in the sky. In the second picture, there is a tiger who is smelling a red flower. In the third picture, there is a cat who is looking in the mirror and imagining itself as a lion.2. In the first picture, the grey duckling may feel lonely and different, and unfairly left out by the other ducklings because of the way it looks. Perhaps it dreams of being a beautiful and graceful swan one day.In the second picture, the tiger looks gentle, sweet and thoughtful, showing its delicate and vulnerable side. In the third picture, even though the cat is small, it sees itself as being strong and powerful, like a lion.3. Don’t judge someone by their appearance, but look beyond it to find their inner beauty. It’s okay to show your vulnerable side sometimes. Don’t let the way you look stop you from achieving your dreams and ambitions.Task 3: Read these sentences and answer the questions.1.Over half of people are fairly satisfied or pletely satisfied with their appearances.2.Teenagers are almost as satisfied with their looks as older generations.3.Men and women are almost equal in terms of how satisfied they are.4.People in Latin American countries are the happiest with their looks.5.Japanese people are the most selfcritical, with over one in ten “not at all satisfied”.Are you satisfied with your appearance?Do you think one's appearance is important?Answers: OpenStep 2: While ReadingTask 3: To match the attitude each person has towards their looks. JadeA. He never cared about his appearance before, but his attitude changed now. AnthonyB. she had always been ashamed of being larger than other girls later she realized mental and physical health is more beautiful. EmmaC. She is too obsessed with selfie apps because it can make her more beautiful.Task 4. To organise information and plete the diagramJade’s Statements:I want to 1 _______________________________________________I have bee 2___________________________________________The positive ments3.___________________________________Dr Hart's mentconfidence.8 pain and poor health9 showed me that it is possible to be attractive and confident even if you are large10 my health, mental and physical, is the most important thing11 Good health is beautiful and makes us happier and more confident.Step 4: DiscussionWork in groups and talk about which story makes the greatest impression on you.Step 5: SummaryHelp students retell the text.Step 6: Homework1. Retell the passage and write it down on the paper.2. Search online to know how to make yourself more beautiful and write a passage to show your opinions.。

[顶] 雅思阅读heading题解题技巧Elinsa发表于2010年06月16日 19:56 阅读(20) 评论(1) 分类：出国考试举报这篇日志是专门为中澳班的同学写的。

有些同学在课后问我该怎么复习雅思阅读，我的建议如下：首先，将所有我们做过的考题拿出来归纳总结。

其次，将考题当中那些影响我们理解的生词，长难句拿出来分析：单词要做到我单独列出的单词要会认，懂其意思，该单词的那些近义词，和该单词相关的其他词性的词，也要记忆；而长难句，要仔细分析，理清句子之间的逻辑关系，是转折，因果，并列还是其他，直到自己完全搞懂为止。

再次，在规定时间内做题。

在考试前至少要做10套题，特别推荐剑桥4-7。

做完之后再来查阅那些不懂的生词和难句。

最后，希望大家克服心浮气躁，只要静下心来，认真将我们学过的内容稍加总结记忆。

要想取得一个比较理想的成绩，是不难的。

在此，先将heading作一归纳总结，以供大家参考，同时，欢迎大家提出你们对该类题型的见解。

a..根据首尾句原则进行解题。

由于英美人的直线思维，所以有很多文章，都在段落首句或者尾句直接给出该段落的中心思想句。

例如：In addition, mistakes may arise due to stubbornness. No one likes to abandon a cherished belief, and the earlier a decision has been taken, the harder it is to abandon it. Drug companies must decide early to cancel a failing research project to waste money, but find it difficult to admit they have made a mistake. in the same way...这段话的首句就是主题句。

语言和文化距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

【江苏省通泰镇徐连宿淮7市2022-2023学年高三下学期期初联考】It is an unpleasant extinction that will change the world and how people communicate: within 20 years, two thirds of all the planet’s languages will be dead.Experts agree that nothing can stop it happening but one academic is trying her hardest to slow it down. Professor Antonella Sorace is one of a growing number who believe learning a second language has enormous untapped benefits for the human brain. This is true not only for young children but also for adults and people at risk from dementia (痴呆), where research consistently shows that learning a new language could delay the start of the disease for four to five years — a better result than with any medication to date.It is those benefits of bilingualism (双语) that should encourage us to preserve and protect Europe’s minority languages — Gaelic, Manx, Cornish and Ulster Scots, she says.Already her work and the project she founded three years ago in Edinburgh, Bilingualism Matters — now expanding across Europe and in the US — have convinced the Scottish government to introduce languages to primary schools. From 2023 all Scottish children will be learning a language other than English in their first year at school, with two other languages to be introduced later.Bilingualism Matters is also working to encourage businesses to consider the benefits of their staff learning languages. “In business, people say ‘English is the language of business, why would I need t o learn another language?’” said Sorace. “Maybe it would mean you could do better business.”Just as disappearing forests take with them secrets of undiscovered medicines, disappearing languages can take the key to a longer and better quality of life. The first battle is to unpick the popular assumption that bilingualism might damage children’s brains. There were even suggestions it could encourage schizophrenia (精神分裂症).Study after study has shown the opposite to be true, says Sorace. “These prejudices are deeply rooted, but we are perhaps halfway to persuading people that the brain can cope. Then we have to persuade people that it is actually of benefit.”24．What will happen to the majority of the world’s languages?A．They will become extinct in decades. B．They will be learnt by more academics.C．They will prevent the risk of dementia. D．They will help people better communicate.25．What’s Bilingualism Matters intended to do?A．Find a replacement for English. B．Teach businesses marketing skills.C．Promote minority language learning. D．Influence governments’ policy making.26．What’s the top priority in preserving minority languages?A．Getting rid of people’s fear for mental illnesses.B．Finding the key to promoting people’s welfare. C．Unlocking the secrets of undiscovered medicines. D．Correcting the misconception about Bilingualism. 27．Which can be the best title for the text?A．The benefits of Bilingualism B．The founding of Bilingualism MattersC．A new challenge facing language teaching D．A professor fighting to save minority languages 【江苏省扬州市2022-2023学年高三下学期开学考试】Every language and culture has curse words(脏话). What gives a curse word its power is partly its meaning and partly its sound. “In English, for example, curse words tend to contain a high percentage of plosive sounds—including P, T and K, ”said Ryan McKay, a psychologist at University of London.Dr. McKay teamed up with his colleague Shiri Lev-Ari to learn whether this familiar pattern went beyond English. They wondered whether it might even represent w hat’s called sound symbolism. Sound symbolism is when a word sounds like what it means.The researchers first asked fluent speakers of Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Korean and Russian to list the most vulgar(粗俗的) words they could think of. Once they’d made a list of each language’s most frequently used curse words, the researchers compared these with neutral words from the same language. In these languages, they didn’t find the plosive sounds that seem common in English curse words. “Instead, we found that the vulgar words were defined by what they lacked: the approximant sounds that include letters I, L, R, W and Y, ”Dr. Lev-Ari said.Next, the scientists invited 215 native speakers of six languages: Arabic, Chinese, Finnish, French, German and Spanish. The par ticipants listened to pairs of words in a language they didn’t speak, and guessed which word ineach pair was offensive. In reality, all the words were invented. For example, the researchers started with the Albanian word “zog, ” for “bird, ”and created the pair of fake words “yog" and “tsog. ”Participants were more likely to guess that words without approximants, such as “tsog, ” were curses.Finally, the researchers combed through the dictionary for English curse words and their cleaned-up versions. Once again, the clean versions included more of the sounds I, L, R, W and Y.A 20th-century linguistic(语言学的)principle claimed that the sounds of words were arbitrary: Any word could have any meaning. With curse words, though, as in other cases of sound symbolis m, “the sounds themselves seem to carry meaning, ”said Lev-Ari. “That’s a new thing, ”said linguist Benjamin Bergen. “Curse words across languages, unrelated to each other, may pattern similarly. ”He also pointed out, to make sure the pattern of approximan ts missing from curses isn’t an accident, it would be nice to find it in an even larger sample of languages.32．What is the purpose of McKay and Lev-Ari’s research?A．To analyze a phenomenon. B．To confirm an assumption.C．To explain a definition. D．To challenge a theory.33．What were the participants asked to do in the second part of the research?A．To decide which curse words are used more frequently.B．To make up new curse words from real words.C．To guess a word’s offensiveness according to its sound.D．To identify the approximants in curse words.34．According to Lev-Ari, which of the four is likely to sound offensive?A．tusck B．sola C．darn D．biach35．What can we learn from the last paragraph?A．The old linguistic principle of sounds and meanings is wrong.B．In sound symbolism, a word’s sound represents its meaning.C．The research reveals the similarities between different languages.D．The result of the research is not fully accepted by scientists.【2023·湖北省鄂东南教育教学改革联盟学校联考】As I write this blog on 23rd April, most of the UK will have been stuck at home for a whole month since 23rd March. As we adjust to the physical challenges brought about by coronavirus, it will come as no surprise when I say that our language is also being affected by the current situation.We have all learned some new vocabulary: coronavirus being one of them. For many, it was probably the first time they realised that ‘corona’ means ‘crown (-like)’, referring to the shape of the virus itself. There is pl enty of other terminology related to the virus: COVID-19, epidemic, pandemic, self-isolation, super-spreader. All of a sudden, the pandemic has people like you and me with no medical backgrounds talking like true epidemiologists (specialists who study diseases).More importantly, the effects of the pandemic and the nationwide lockdown on our language use extend waybeyond the vocabulary we might slip in during our video chats with family, friends, and colleagues. With the closure of schools and universities, most bilingual students now live at home where they are immersed in a linguistic environment, where on the one hand, they are losing hundreds of contact hours with English-speaking peers. On the other hand, this might be an opportunity for them to develop their abilities in their home languages.Similar linguistic changes can be observed among those who mostly communicate only in English too, for instance, in terms of their accents. After being in the same space with our family for a whole month, some of us might start to sound more and more like our family– partly because we all unconsciously accommodate to people we frequently talk to. In this sense, what this national lockdown does to our accents is like when we have been on an extended holiday abroad with the family. Maybe when we can finally socialise again, we will be able to guess where each other’s roommates are from.28．What is the current situation in Paragraph 1?A．People in the UK have to stay at home. B．We have got used to the environment.C．Coronavirus is affecting our language. D．People face the challenge of the virus.29．What does the nationwide lockdown bring for bilingual students?A．Chatting with relatives online. B．Losing contact with classmates.C．Fewer English practicing hours. D．A lack of learning environment.30．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?A．The way we communicate changes. B．We speak with more accents.C．We can easily identify others. D．Our accents are being changed.31．What’s the author’s tone in writing this article?A．Cautious. B．Critical. C．Pessimistic. D．Humorous.【广东省部分名校2022-2023学年高三上学期阶段性学习效率检测调研】If we want to know where our capability for complex language came from, we need to look at how our brains are different from other animals. This relates to more than just brain size. It is important to know what other things our brains can do and when and why they evolved that way. One thing we can see in the remains of early humans,is the development of the mouth, throat and tongue, which allowed language to evolve.At some point, our brains became able to make our mouths produce vowel and consonant sounds, and we developed the capacity to invent words to name things around us. These were the basic ingredients for complex language. The next change would have been to put those words into sentences. However, no one knows if the next step — adding grammar to signal past, present and future, for example, or plurals and relative clauses — required a further development in the human brain or was simply a response to our increasingly civilized way of living together.Between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago, we start to see the evidence of early human civilization through cave paintings, though no one knows the connection between this and language. However, human brains did get bigger at this period. Moreover, humans did become more complex and more intelligent. Was it using language that caused their brains to develop, so that human could produce cave paintings? Or did their more complex brains start producing language? It was not clear yet.More questions lie in looking at the influence of genetics on brain and language development. Are there genes that mutated (突变) and gave us language ability? Researchers have found a gene mutation that occurred between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago, which seems to have a connection with speaking and how our brains control our mouths and faces. Monkeys have a similar gene, but it did not undergo this mutation. It’s too early to say how much influence genes have on language, but one day the answers might be found in our DNA．8．Which factor contributes to the development of language ?A．The development of the human brain.B．The complexity of the language structure.C．The connection between diet and mutation.D．The similarity between humans and monkeys.9．What led to producing basic sounds in language?A．The invention of grammar. B．The response to living together.C．The requirement of civilization. D．The development of the mouth.10．Why did the author mention “cave paintings” in paragraph 3?A．To introduce a new topic about genetics.B．To make a summary about the connection.C．To present question about language and civilization.D．To clear a misunderstanding about language development.11．What is the writer’s attitude to the findings of genes?A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent.【2023·湘豫名校联考（二）】Recently, my friends Hazel Markus and Alana Conner published a book on culture. It isn’t a book on exploring cultures or talking about why you should always accept a business card from a Japanese businessman with two hands and admire it. Instead, Clash talks about eight cultural conflicts and frames those conflicts as paths toself-knowledge. In other words, it describes the self, and our individual cultures, as relative. This self-insight can help you better navigate our increasingly global world.For example, one distinction discussed by Markus and Conner is the distinction between Americans from different parts of the United States. People from different states have different expectations and assumptions about how things should be done, and even what things should be called. Often, it is only when a person comes up against another way of doing things that these assumptions become apparent. I attended Carleton College, a liberal arts college in Minnesota. Within my first two days of being there, I realized that I possessed an assumption about rain. Coming from California, I expected that it didn’t rain in summer and that when it did rain, it would rain all day. When I woke up on September 2, to a downpour that lasted 20 minutes, that assumption was revealed to be false.There was a particularly colorful discussion in my dorm about the game “duck, duck, goose” vs “duck, duck, gray duck”. The point is, only by coming into contact and comparing my a ssumptions to others did I realize that my assumptions were just that—my view of how things should be and not necessarily the truth.Why is it important to understand your cultural background beyond your race and ethnicity(种族特点)? Because if you understand yourself, you are better prepared to recognize and embrace alternatives. For instance, a research by William Maddux has shown that people who have significant multicultural experiences are more creative. Also, if you understand where you come from, you may be more understanding of conflicts that are arising, and be able to address those conflicts in cooperative ways.8．What may change our assumptions according to the author?A．Staying in an unfamiliar city.B．Seeing things done in a different way.C．Meeting someone from a different state.D．Coming into conflict with those from another culture.9．What can we know about the summer weather in Minnesota?A．It stays sunny all along. B．It never rains but it pours.C．It often rains continuously. D．The rain sometimes stops unexpectedly.10．Why does the author mention William Maddux in the last paragraph?A．To support an argument. B．To provide a background.C．To contradict a theory. D．To give detailed information.11．What may be the author’s purpose of writing the text?A．To share an experience. B．To define a concept.C．To put forward a theory. D．To introduce a book.【2023届河北省唐山市保定市2地4校高三一模】If you were to move to a new country with a different language and bring along the family dog, your pet would likely have a hard time understanding commands from the locals9 according to a new study looking at how dogs’ brains react to different languages.The new study was conducted by lead author Laura Cuaya, a neurobiologist at Eotvos Lordnd University in Hungary, who recently moved from Mexico to Tokyo alongside her dog Kun-kun.Cuaya and her team trained 18 dogs, including Kun-kun, to lie motionless in an MRI machine so the researchers could scan their brains. As the dogs were being scanned, the researchers played the dogs three different recordings: a Spanish reading from the famous children’s book The Little Prince; a Japanese reading from the same book; and a series of human noises that did not resemble speech at all. All of the dogs had been exposed to only one of the two languages, meaning one was familiar to them and the other was unfamiliar. MRI scans revealed that dogs’ brains can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar languages? making them the first-known, and so far only, non-human animals to be able to tell the difference between human languages.During the experiments, researchers also found that older dogs showed more activity in the secondary auditory cortex of the brain, suggesting they were better at differentiating familiar and unfamiliar languages than younger dogs. “I think that the main reason that older dogs are better at differentiating languages is the amount of exposure to the language Cuaya said. “Older dogs have had more opportunities to listen to humans while they talk.”What makes dogs unique is that they do not need to be trained to distinguish between human languages. “Their brains detected the difference naturally, perhaps due to the domestication process,” Cuaya said. “While it is possible that many species can distinguish between human languages 9 dogs are one of the few that are interested in hearing us.”12．What does the new study find?A．Dogs may settle into a new environment easily.B．Dogs can face language barriers in a foreign country.C．Dogs are more sensitive to languages than other animals.D．Dogs fail to understand their owners in a new environment.13．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the study?A．Its background. B．Its benefit. C．Its process. D．Its purpose.14．What does Cuaya intend to convey in the last paragraph?A．Domestication helps dogs better live with humans.B．Dogs are closely related to humans.C．Humans should be more friendly to dogs.D．Training plays an important role in raising dogs.15．What’s the best title for the text?A．Dogs can bring surprising health benefitsB．Dogs are good translators in a new environmentC．Dogs that are often exposed to humans are more intelligentD．Dogs can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar human languages【重庆市2022-2023学年高三上学期11月调研】They say there is power in names and nowhere is that truer than China, where Chinese characters often carry a deep significance. For any brand planning to enter the Chinese market, choosing the right Chinese name is usually a top priority.In choosing their Chinese name, brands should consider something that is memorable, easy to pronounce and with no negative meaning in the multiple Chinese dialects, and that conveys a sense of the brand’s DNA．This can be a challenge for luxury fashion houses, as their name often comes with its own heritage(传统) and meaning. However, they also have the advantage that they may enjoy a certain degree of brand recognition in China.Brands have three main options when it comes to choosing a Chinese name. The majority choose a simple transliteration(音译), choosing a series of characters with sounds that are closely similar to the pronunciation of the brand’s original name. For example, Dior’s Chinese name is“迪奥”(di’ao).The two characters, while meaningless in combination, respectively mean “to enlighten” and “mysterious”, a smart choice for this brand.Since more and more Chinese people are travelling abroad and they tend to pick up a short form, for instance, LV for Louis Vuitton, brands might wonder whether it is even necessary to spend considerable time and energy coming up with an official Chinese name. Nevertheless, most marketers still advise that brands select an officialChinese name. “Although brands only use their English name on their shop front, they still need a Chinese name, as their customers, sales assist ants and floor managers usually won’t use the English name,” argues Louis Houdart, CEO of China-based branding agency Creative Capital.Houdart adds that it is important for brands to establish and popularize their Chinese name, otherwise they might run th e risk of customers’ coming up with their own understanding and pronunciation, messing their brand’s image and leaving it open to copyright infringement(侵权).12．What’s the bright side for luxury fashion houses while choosing a Chinese name?A．It’s possible for those brands to be recognized by Chinese customers.B．It’s lucky to decide a Chinese name that can be accepted by Chinese consumers.C．It’s easy for them to contain their heritage and meaning in their Chinese name.D．It’s unnecessary for those brands to spend energy choosing a proper Chinese name.13．What is the best choice for the brand “BVLGARI” according to the passage?A．Giving the name a short form “BV”.B．Translating the name into宝格丽.C．Ignoring Chinese customers’ demand.D．Sticking to the English name.14．Which of the following most probably agrees with Houdart’s argument?A．Diane V on Furstenberg is usually referred to as “DVF” instead of a Chinese name.B．It is essential for brands to set up their Chinese name and make it understandable.C．Louis Vuitton has never meant to come up with an official Chinese name so far.D．Chinese consumers get fairly used to pronouncing those brand’s names in English.15．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A．Behind the Right Chinese Name B．The Influence of Famous BrandsC．The Power of Brand Recognition D．The History of Famous Brands【2023届山东省枣庄市高三上学期第一次调研】I still remember my father’s embarrassment the day when he was invited to have dinner at a colleague’s house. Freshly arriving in Brazil, and not being able to look up on the Internet, he offended his hosts by making a hand gesture —a circle with the thumb and index finger. He had always understood it to mean “OK”, but in Brazil, it meant something different.The episode was swiftly for gotten. My father’s colleague understood that he probably wasn’t yet aware of the local meaning of the gesture. He gently explained it meant something rude, and then it was filed away under “things not to be done in Rio”.I was reminded myself in China. A fter I replied to a friend’s WeChat message with a Van Gogh sticker that I thought meant “keep fighting”, another friend told me I used it wrong.“The Chinese version is a bit different,” she said, taking out her phone and showing to me. “See thesecharac ters? They mean ‘I will hit you!’”Life is full of crossed meanings. In India, you sign to someone to come over with your palm down, not up. And in the Middle East, you never use your left hand for anything public.As adults, we understand that even if it hurts, a mistake is only an insult (侮辱) when it is deliberate. Yet, many conflicts come from misunderstanding, and history is full of the unfortunate outcomes of cross-cultural communication.My father’s pre-Internet Brazilian mistake was forgiven because of context — he had just arrived and he didn’t know its local meaning. But when context is absent or simply differently understood — especially in the social media — perhaps it is time we all think twice before typing or talking, especially when the consequences can be more severe than the misuse of a WeChat sticker.4．What is the topic of the text?A．Cultural difference. B．Language and culture.C．Sign language. D．Good manners.5．What does the author want to show by telling his father’s story?A．The OK sign means differently in Brazil.B．Cross-cultural mistakes are common.C．The Internet helps to avoid mistakes.D．Misunderstandings lead to bad results.6．What did the author mean to do by using the Van Gogh sticker?A．To greet his friend. B．To encourage his friend.C．To threaten his friend. D．To make fun of his friend.7．What might result in if there is no context?A．Cultural conflicts. B．Forgiveness. C．Cultural gaps. D．Mutual respect.【广东省湛江市四校2022-2023学年高一上学期第二次联考】It is calculated that some of the world’s 7,000 languages are in danger of getting extinct. “For example, Ainu, a language in Japan, is now seriously threatened, with only 10 native speakers remaining,“ said lead study author Tatsuya Amano at the University of Cambridge in England.The scientists found that 25 percent of the world’s languages are threatened(威胁)．After identifying where the endangered(濒危的)languages were，they looked for any environmental and social or economic factors those languages might hav e in common, such as poor areas or rapid population growth. “We find that at the global scale, language speaker declines are strongly linked to economic growth-that is, declines are particularly occurring in economically developed regions,” said Amano.“On e important finding of this new study is that languages in the tropics and Himalayan region are likely to be increasingly threatened in the near future, because these regions still have many local languages with a small number of speakers, and at the same time are experiencing rapid economic growth,” said Amano.Economic growth may endanger languages for a variety of reasons. For instance, speakers of endangered languages may view another more popular language as offering economic opportunities, and thus abandon their own languages. “There are other important factors that might endanger languages,” said the researchers. For instance, policies regarding how languages are used and taught in schools can be very different among countriesand even within each country, and these factors may explain more detailed patterns in language endangerment.Amano suggested it could be possible to forecast(预见)future threats to the diversity(多样化) of languages. “There exists detailed information on future changes in the environm ent，economies and climates(气候)，”Amano said. “Using such information，together with the findings of this study and further analysis, we would like to understand what will happen to the world’s languages, where it will happen and which languages will be thre atened in particular.”12．What can we know about Ainu?A．It has changed little over the years.B．It threatens Japanese language.C．It is a local language in Japan.D．It is put under protection.13．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A．What should be taught in schools.B．What might endanger a language.C．How economic growth is achieved.D．How a language becomes popular.14．What does Amano mean in the last paragraph?A．We must take action to save the environment.B．More and more languages will get missing.C．It will be easier to learn language changes.D．Factors threatening languages will double.15．What can be known from the study?A．Over 7,000 languages have been threatened.B．Local language must be spoken in every school.C．It is possible to use only one language worldwide.D．The number of tropics’ local language speakers may become smaller in the future.【湖北省孝感市部分校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考】English is my mother tongue, so for a long time I never had to give much thought to speaking about science in a different language-something many researchers have to do every day. But my privilege was ended in July 2020 when I started my research group as a junior faculty (教学人员) member at University of Montreal, aFrench-language institution in Quebec, Canada. I now communicate daily in both English and French.Over the past two years, I have communicated science in French to a general audience, to the wider scientific community and to graduate students at the university. I believe that learning how to communicate science effectively in a language other than English has helped me to become a better science communicator in general. Explaining my research to a general audience in a second language proved hard. But with practice and continuous。

Dr. Robert Cialdini and 6 principles of persuasionBy Tom Polanski, EVP, eBrand Media and eBrand InteractiveI have long been a big fan of Dr. Cialdini. I originally became familiar with his work years ago through, “Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion”. It’s a must read. It gave me useful tools to use for marketing to others and taught me how to resist the marketing efforts of others.Here is a reprint from a leading publication regarding his work and a new book he’s co-authored. It’s the cliff notes version of his original book which I referenced in the preceding paragraph.SUMMARY: Influencing others isn’t luck or magic – its science. There are proven ways to help make you more successful as a marketer and an office politician.We talked to a renowned expert on the science of influence and pulled excerpts from two of his books to demonstrate ways to make people say “yes” to your messaging and management. Includes links to scientific studies and takeaways to use at work or at home.Robert Cialdini, Regents’ Professor of Psychology and Marketing, Arizona State University, has spent 30 years studying the ways people are influenced. He’s whittled his findings down to six key principles, found in the fifth edition of ‘Influence: Science and Practice’.We interviewed Cialdini and also read through ‘Yes! 50 Scientifically Proven Ways to Be More Persuasive’, a book he co-authored with Noah Goldstein, a professor at the University of Chicago School of Business, and Steven Martin, Director, Influence at Work. The authors “relied entirely on the significant body of research from the study of social influence and persuasion” to suggest ways you can improve outbound messages and office interactions to get the results you want.Science behind the Principles“People’s ability to understand the factors that affect their behavior is surprisingly poor,” Cialdini says.Most people can’t explain why they made a particular decision. But Cialdini can. And being able to identify the underlying factors that influence decisions means he also understands how to use them to get more positive responses.Be forewarned, though: The knowledge you’re about to receive shouldn’t be used to push shoddy goods or set unfair prices. “When these tools are used unethically as weapons of influence … any short-term gains will almost invariably be followed by long-term losses.”Below are Cialdini’s six principles of persuasion – along with excerpts from real-world experiments. Note: All experiments cited are from ‘Yes! 50 Scientifically Proven Ways to Be More Persuasive’.6 Principles of InfluencePrinciple #1: ReciprocationReciprocation recognizes that people feel indebted to those who do something for them or give them a gift.For marketers, Cialdini says: “The implication is you have to go first. Give something: give information, give free samples, give a positive experience to people and they will want to give you something in return.”o Experiment conductedSocial scientist Randy Garner published a 2005 experiment that tested whether sticky notes could persuade people to respond to a marketing survey (see hotlinks below). He sent one-third of the surveys with a hand-written sticky note requesting completion, one-third with a blank sticky note, and one-third without a sticky note.Results:- Hand-written note: 69% response rate- Blank sticky note: 43% response rate- No sticky note: 34% response rate“[The principle of reciprocation] was born out in the fact that not only did those who received the hand-written note have twice as much compliance, the quality of the answers they gave was significantly better,” Cialdini says.o Application for MarketersThe reciprocation principle explains why free samples can be so effective. People who receive a free, unexpected gift are more likely to listen to a product’s features, donate to a cause, or tip a waitress more money. The gifts do not have to be expensive or even material; information and favors can work.Principle #2: Social ProofWhen people are uncertain about a course of action, they tend to look to those around them to guide their decisions and actions. They especially want to know what everyone else is doing – especially their peers.“Laugh tracks on comedy shows exist for this very reason,” Cialdini says.o Experiment conductedCialdini and a team of colleagues ran a soon-to-be published experiment to see which types of signs would most encourage Arizona hotel visitors to reuse towels. They tested four types of signs:- #1 Cited environmental reasons to encourage visitors to reuse their towels- #2 Said the hotel would donate a portion of end-of-year laundry savings to an environmental cause- #3 Said the hotel had already given a donation and asked: “Will you please join us?”- #4 Said the majority of guests reused their towels at least once during their stayPercentage of those who reused towels per request:- Sign #1: 38%- Sign #2: 36%- Sign #3: 46%- Sign #4: 48%When guests found out that most people who stayed in the same hotel reused their towels, they were more likely to comply with the request.“What’s most interesting to me,” Cialdini says, “is that the most effective strategy was entirely costless to the hotel. But I’ve never seen it used by any hotel room in any city.”o Application for marketersTestimonials from satisfied customers show your target audience that people who are similar to them have enjoyed your product or service. They’ll be more likely to become customers themselves.A similar principle applies to television commercials that say: “If our lines are busy, please call again.” Instead of saying “Operators are standing by.” The first response implies that other people like your offer so much that the phone lines are busy, which may persuade others to act similarly.Principle #3: Commitment and ConsistencyPeople do not like to back out of deals. We’re more likely to do something after we’ve agreed to it verbally or in writing, Cialdini says. People strive for consistency in their commitments. They also prefer to follow pre-existing attitudes, values and actions.o Experiment conductedIn 1987, social scientist Anthony Greenwald approached potential voters on election-day eve to ask whether they would vote and to provide reasons why or why not. 100% said they would vote. On election day, 86.7% of those asked went to the polls compared to 61.5% of those who were not asked. Those who publicly committed to voting on the previous day proved more likely to actually vote.o Application for marketersPeople want to be both consistent and true to their word. Getting customers or co-workers to publicly commit to something makes them more likely to follow through with an action or a purchase.Ask your team members if they’ll support your next initiative and say why.Getting people to answer ‘yes’ makes them more powerfully committed to an action, Cialdini says. For instance, don’t tell people: “Please call if you have to cancel.” Asking “Will you please call if you have to cancel?” gets customers to say yes, and measurably increases their response rates.o Note: Age mattersThe older we get, the more we value consistency. And that makes it harder for older people to make a change.Researcher Stephanie Brown co-authored a 2005 study titled “Evidence of a positive relationship between age and preference for consistency,” published in the Journal of Research in Personality. The study confirmed the belief that older people become “set in their ways.”The solution? Praise them for making good past decisions, based on the information they had at the time. Then find ways to stress the consistent values connecting old actions and purchases with values underlying any new actions or purchases.Principle #4: Liking“People prefer to say ‘yes’ to those they know and like,” Cialdini says. People are also more likely to favor those who are physically attractive, similar to themselves, or who give them compliments. Even something as ‘random’ as having the same name as your prospects can increase your chances of making a sale.o Experiment conductedIn 2005, Randy Garner mailed out surveys to strangers with a request to return them. The request was signed by a person whose name was either similar or dissimilar to the recipient’s. Forexample, Robert James might receive a survey request from the similarly-named Bob Ames. (See hotlinks below.)According to a study reported in Yes!, “Those who received the survey from someone with a similar-sounding name were nearly twice as likely to fill out and return the packet as those who received the surveys from dissimilar sounding names (56% compared to 30%).”o Application for marketers“One of the things that marketers can do is honestly report on the extent to which the product or service – or the people who are providing the product or service – are similar to the audience and know the audience’s challenges, preferences and so on,” Cialdini says.So , for instance, sales people could improve their chances of making a sale by becoming more knowledgeable about their prospects’ existing preferences.Principle #5: AuthorityPeople respect authority. They want to follow the lead of real experts. Business titles, impressive clothing, and even driving an expensive, high-performing automobile are proven factors in lending credibility to any individual.Giving the appearance of authority actually increases the likelihood that others will comply with requests – even if their authority is illegitimate.o Experiment conductedStanley Milgram, Psychologist, Yale University, conducted a 1974 experiment where ordinary people were asked to shock ‘victims’ when they answered questions incorrectly. Those in charge were dressed in white lab coats to give the appearance of high authority. The participants were told that the shocks they gave increased 15 volts in intensity each time the person answered incorrectly. In fact, the shocks were completely imaginary. Respondents were acting.As participants continued to shock their victims, the respondents feigned increasing discomfort until they let out agonized screams and demanded to be released. Astoundingly, about two-thirds of participants ignored these cries of pain and inflicted the full dose of 450 volts.“According to Milgram, the real culprit in the experiments was the [participants’] inability to defy the wishes of the boss, the lab-coated researcher who urged and, if necessary, directed them to perform their duties, despite the emotional and physical mayhem they were causing.”o Note: The participants in Milgram’s study were males from a range of age, occupation and education levels. Later research concluded that the subjects’ sex was irrelevant to their willingness to shock the victim.o Application for marketersWhen people are uncertain, they look outside themselves for information to guide their decisions. Given the incredible influence of authority figures, it would be wise to incorporate testimonials from legitimate, recognized authorities to help persuade prospects to respond or make purchases.Principle #6: ScarcityIn fundamental economic theory, scarcity relates to supply and demand. Basically, the less there is of something, the more valuable it is. The more rare and uncommon a thing, the more people want it. Familiar examples are frenzies over the latest holiday toy or urban campers waiting overnight to pounce on the latest iPhone.o Experiment conductedIn 1985, the Coca-Cola Company made their infamous switch from their traditional formula to the sweeter formula “New Coke.” Their taste tests indicated that 55% preferred the new Coke over the old. Most of those tests were blind, but some participants were told which formula was new and which was the original. Under those conditions, the preference for new Coke increased 6%.Despite the taste tests, the switch to new Coke triggered incredible backlash against it. Time magazine later dubbed it “the marketing fiasco of the decade.”“The company must have looked at the 6% difference between blind and non-blind preferences and said to themselves ‘Oh, good, this means that when people know that they’re getting something new, their desire for it will shoot up.’”“In fact, what that 6% really meant was that when people know what it is they can’t have, their desire for it will shoot up. Later, when the company replaced the traditional recipe with the new one, it was the old Coke that people couldn’t have, and it became the favorite.”o Application for marketersSay the authors: “The tendency to be more sensitive to possible losses than to possible gains is one of the best-supported findings in social science.”Therefore, it may be worthwhile to switch your advertising campaign’s message from your product’s benefits to emphasizing the potential for a wasted opportunity:- “Don’t miss this chance…”- “Here’s what you’ll miss out on…”In any case, if your product or service is genuinely unique, be sure to emphasize its unique qualities to increase the perception of its scarcity.。

Unit 4 Friends forever
Activity 3 Discussion
第一步：学生分组讨论学生用书中两个问题的答案。

教师引导学生根据上下文理解句意，对比中外文化，并联系自身实际，深入思考网上交友的利弊。

第二步：请个别学生回答问题，其他学生进行补充或展开自由讨论。

1 Why does the author say “But this doesn’t mean that we should throw the baby out with the bathwater”? Do you know of any similar sayings in Chinese?
2 Do you prefer to make friends online? Why?
○参考答案
1 Because there are both advantages and disadvantages to online friendships, and the author wants to remind us to treat them rationally and wisely.
Similar saying in Chinese: 因噎废食. It literally means to stop eating for fear of choking. It’s used as a metaphor of the action of stopping doing something for fear of its disadvantages.
2 Students’ own answers.。

3. The only known way to curb AIDS is to persuade people to change behavior抑制艾滋病已知的唯一方法就是劝说人们改变行为方式。

4. No one should lightly deny public health officials the tools they need to combat AIDS, including use of the AIDS antibody tests.没人可以轻易阻止公共卫生官员获得对抗艾滋病所需的工具，包括对艾滋病抗体检测的使用。

5. The official proposing mandatory testing is facing more arguments.主张强制检测的官员正面临更多的争议。

3. Neither of these government systems was intended to serve the public.这些政府的体系都不以服务大众为目的。

4. To help finance the wars postage rates were increased.为了负担战争的费用，邮资也开始上涨。

5. Most mail was still being transported the same way in the middle of the 19th century.到了19世纪中叶，大多数信件还是以这种方式来递送。

2. It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible.重要的是要把科学技术尽快搞上去。

3. It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.飞机坠毁飞行员还能活着，这似乎是令人难以想象的事。

Unit 4 Friends foreverUnderstanding ideas教学设计科目：英语课题：Understanding ideas 课时：1课时教学目标与核心素养：1.通过本节课的学习，学生能进一步发展语言意识和英语语感；掌握英语语言知识并在语境中整合性地运用所学知识。

2.学生能获得有关网上交友的文化知识，形成正确的价值观念和道德情感。

3.学生能培养分析、推断信息的逻辑关系；正确评判各种思想观点，理性表达自己的观点，具备初步用英语进行多元思维的能力。

4.学生积极运用和主动调适英语学习策略、拓宽英语学习渠道，努力提升英语学习效率的意识和能力。

5.学生基于课文内容联系生活实际，运用与话题相关的语言知识，辩证地认识并评价网络交友的现象，提高批判性思维、创新思维能力和综合语言运用能力。

教学重难点教学重点：了解文章大意，熟悉本节文体的文体特征。

教学难点：1. Help the students sort out the relevant details of making friends online. 2. Students get to know and judge the phenomenon of making online friends in a proper way.课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔教学过程：一、Pre-reading1. Greeting2. Leading-inListen to the song Auld Lang Syne and think about what it tries to convey(传达).1 How do you prefer to make friends？☐Joining a club to meet people who share the same interests.☐Using a social app.☐Through other friends.☐Posting a "friends wanted" notice online.☐Taking part in community activities.2 How do you prefer to communicate with friends every day?☐Talking face to face.☐Using social networking apps.☐Writing letters.☐Writing emails.☐Telephoning each other.3 How do you stay in touch with faraway friends?☐Using social networking apps.☐Writing letters.☐Writing emails.☐Telephoning.二、While- reading学生完成活动2。