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美国文学史第九讲_200909

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美国文学简史中文版

美国文学简史中文版

美国文学简史什么是文学？文学是语言的艺术来实现识别的文艺气质，并传达有意义的信息。

第1章殖民时期一，项目背景：清教主义一，特点清教主义（1）宿命：神决定一切之前的事情发生。

（2）原罪：人类天生是邪恶的，并可以通过这种原罪了一代又一代。

（3）总的堕落（4）有限赎罪：※当选§可以保存。

2.Influence（1）A组每艰苦奋斗，勤俭节约，虔诚，庄重（认真周到的）影响了美国文学的优秀品质。

（2）它导致了永恒的神话。

所有文献的基础上每伊甸园的神话。

（3）象征主义：美国的清教徒*隐喻模式的看法，主要是在调用的文学象征，这是典型的美国。

（4）关于他们的写作，风格清新，简单和直接的说辞是平原和诚实，不无淡淡的贵族往往可以追溯到“圣经”的直接影响。

II。

文献综述1。

型式的写作日记，历史，日记，信件，书籍，自传/传记，布道2.writers的殖民时期（1）安妮邓白氏（2）爱德华·泰勒（3）罗杰·威廉斯（4）约翰伍尔曼（5）托马斯·潘恩（6）菲利普FreneauIII。

乔纳森·爱德华兹1.life2.works（1）自由的意志（2）大原罪的学说辩护（3）自然真德3.ideas每超验主义的先锋（1）精神的复兴运动（2）再生人（3）神*的存在（4）清教徒理想主义IV。

本杰明·富兰克林1.life2.works（1）差理查德*年鉴（2）自传3.contribution（1）他帮助了宾夕法尼亚州的医院和美国哲学学会。

（2）他被称为※新普罗米修斯偷火从天上（在这种情况下，电力）§。

（3）一切似乎都在这一个男人，以满足每※万事通§。

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔如此描述他※大师和掌握的没有§。

第2章美国浪漫主义第1节什么是早期浪漫主义时期的浪漫主义呢？古希腊柏拉图的LAN的方法LA文学思潮：18C在英国（1798〜1832）lSchlegel兄弟I.预览：浪漫主义的特点1.subjectivity（1）感觉和情绪，寻找真理（2）强调想象力（3）强调个人主义的每个人的自由，没有英雄崇拜，自然善良的人2.BACK中世纪，尤其中世纪的民间文学（1）奔放的经典规则（2）充满想象力的（3）口语（4）自由的想象力（5）真正的感受：经典回答他们的呼叫3.back自然自然是※呼吸有生命的东西“（卢梭）II。

美国文学史课件9 Jack London

美国文学史课件9 Jack London
The
Fiction





Before Adam 幻想小说 《亚当以前》 Jerry of the Islands 《群岛猎犬杰瑞》 The House of Mapuhi 《马普希的房子》 The White Silence 《沉寂的雪原》 Lost Face 《丢脸》
An Odyssey of the North 北方的奥德赛
Martin Eden Call Of the Wild The Sea lf
Questions
Naturalism (1890s)
The historical background of Naturalism a. the spread of industrialization created extremes of wealth and poverty. slum
Crane’s Maggie: A Girl of the Streets is the first American naturalistic work. Norris’s McTeague is the manifesto of American naturalism. Dreiser’s Sister Carrie is the work in which naturalism attained maturity. These writers’ detailed description of the lives of the downtrodden and the abnormal, their frank treatment of human passion and sexuality, and their portrayal of men and women over-whelmed by blind forces of nature still exert a powerful influence on modern writers.

美国文学Unit 9

美国文学Unit 9

William Cuthbert Faulkner


Originally Falkner, a southerner from Mississippi, a “provincial” writer with his emphasis on the Southern subjects and consciousness, mainly in his imaginary Yoknapatawpha County—an allegory or a parable of the Old South. To reveal “the human heart in conflict with itself”, not just of the American Southern society, but of entire mankind.
Thank you!
“A Rose for Emily” (1930)
What difficulties would arise if you tried to tell this story from the point of view of the third person? Why is it significant that Miss Emily chooses for her lover a man who is scornfully regarded by the community as a “Northerner, a day laborer?” Do you agree that Emily is a tragic hero? Why or why not?
It is derived from two Chickasaw words —Yocona and petopha, meaning “split land.” Faulkner claimed that the compound means “water flows slow through flat ”

美国文学史及作品选读PPT9

美国文学史及作品选读PPT9
(F. Scott Fitzgerald) <<Back
2 Francis Se has been an outstanding novelist in his life time and admired by lots of people. He was once an idol signifying success, wealth, beauty and youth. However, his life was not as happy as the public imagined. He never failed to remain detached and foresee the failure and tragedy of the ―Dollar Decade‖. He is the spokesman of ―the roaring 1920s‖, ―the Jazz Age‖—―Inside he knew it well, outside he saw it ironically.‖)
◆ ―Tales of the Jazz Age‖ : a legend of ―Americans adolescence before pain set in‖ (The 1920s was called ―the Jazz Age‖ because of this book; Fitzgerald became ―the angel of the twenties‖) ◆ ―All the Sad Young Man‖ ◆ ―Taps at Reveille‖
2.1 Works
● Novels
◆ ―This Side of Paradise (life in Princeton, frustration of young men): representing the triumph of matter over form

美国文学史第9部分

美国文学史第9部分
he narrator tells us that he met Ethan Frome while working for a power plant in rural Massachusetts. Frome is the most striking character in town, a tall and lame man and the narrator becomes obsessed with learning Frome's story. By chance the narrator is forced to take shelter at Frome's home, and there he gets the clue to Frome's tragedy. The narrator presents his vision of Frome's story to us. Twenty-four years ago Frome is a young man. Although he briefly pursued higher education in the sciences, the death of his father necessitated his return to the family farm. His mother was ill, and his cousin Zeena came to care for her. After his mother died, Ethan married Zeena out of loneliness. Zeena became more sickly and fussy as time passed, and their marriage has been loveless. But a year ago, Zeena's cousin, Mattie Silver, came to help Zeena with the housework. Ethan has fallen in love with her.

美国文学课件9The Literature of the Realistic Period

美国文学课件9The Literature of the Realistic Period
《贵妇人画像》，《淑女本 色》
One of James’ finest and most popular novels Generally considered to be his masterpiece
In a letter to his friend Grace Norton shortly after the publication of The Portrait of a Lady , James wrote: “I don’t know why we live...but I believe we can go on living for the reason that (always of course up to a certain point) life is the most valuable thing we know anything about.”
A literary critic French Poets and Novelists (18பைடு நூலகம்8) Life of Hawthorne (1879) Partial Portraits (1888) The Lesson of Balzac (1905)
3. The Portrait of A Lady
International theme
The embarrassing situation in which the new American encounters the old European culture
Under certain circumstances there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea. There are circumstances in which, whether you partake of the tea or not--some people of course never do,--the situation is in itself delightful. Those that I have in mind in beginning to unfold this simple history offered an admirable setting to an innocent pastime. The implements of the little feast had been disposed upon the lawn of an old English country-house, in what I should call the perfect middle of a splendid summer afternoon. (page 98)

美国文学史

《美国文学史》Part1 Early American Literature :Colonial Period to 1815Anne Bradstreet:Anne's domestic poems and the Contemplations are today recognized as her best literary achievement.To my dear and loving husband. A letter to my husband .Benjamin Franklin :Poor Richard's Almanacs.The Autobiography.Part2 American Romanticism:1815-1865Early romanticism :Irving,Cooper,Bryant.Literary Giant :Poe ,Emerson ,Thoreau ,Hawthorne ,MelvilleWashington Irving :Rip Van Winkle , The Legend of Sleepy Hollow-----The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon ,GentJames Fenimore Cooper :novelThe leather-stocking seriesPalph waldo Emerson :the father of American literature .Nature <论自然>，the American scholar(美国思想界的独立宣言)Thoreau :W alden,Civil disobedienceHawthorne:T he Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne--主人公Herman Melville :Moby Dick白金Captain AhabPoe :侦探小说之父the father of detective stories.Walt Whitman:leaves of grass《草叶集》Emily Dickinson:i am nobody !who are you ?Part3 American Realism:1865-1914Mark Twain :T he Adventures of Tom Sawyer.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Henry james :T he AmericansThe Portrait of a LadyThe Bostonians.Daisy MillerWilliam Dean Howells:T he Rise of Silas Lapham.Stephen Crane; M aggie :A Girl of the Streets .《街头女郎梅季》The red Badge of Courage.《红色英勇勋章》Jack London :高度自传T he Call of the Wild《野性的呼唤》选择题：欲望三部曲是？Trilogy of desireThe financier《金融家》The titan《巨人》The stoic《斯多葛》Theodore dreiser :S ister Carrie .《嘉莉妹妹》An American Tragedy .《美国悲剧》Part4American Modernism:1914-1945Robert frost 罗伯特·弗罗斯特:T he Road not Taken .Stopping by the woods on a snowy evening .Sherwood Anderson :W inesburg ,Ohio ,proves to have the most profound influence on later American fiction .Gertrude stein 格特鲁德·斯泰因:迷失的一代lost generationCathay .Hugh Selwyn Mauberley .休赛尔诺莫伯利The Cantos. 诗章William Faulkner威廉·福克纳:意识流手法streams of consciousness内心独白inner monologueThe Yoknapatawpha. .The Sound and the Fury . 《喧嚣与骚动》--以莎士比亚的悲剧《麦克白》中的台词命名As I Lay Dying.《我弥留之际》Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特·米勒尔·海明威:The Old Man and Sea.《老人与海》主人公：桑提亚哥santiyagoScott Fitzgerald :The Great Gastby.《了不起的盖茨比》Tender is the Night.《夜色的温柔》John Steinbeck:The Grapes of Wrath.《愤怒的葡萄》T.S.Eliot :The Waste Land .《荒原》Jean Toomer :“哈莱姆文艺复兴”“黑人文艺复兴”Zora Neale HurstonRichard wright : Native Son .Black Boy .Part5 American Literature Diversified :1945to the New Millennium 三大剧作家Eugene O'Neill:"The father of American drama"The Hairy Ape .《毛猿》Long Day's Journey into Night .《长夜漫漫路迢迢》Tennessee Williams 托马斯·拉尼尔·威廉斯:“most important dramatist that emerged after World War two ”The Glass Menagerie .《玻璃动物园》A Streetcar Named Desire.《欲望号街车》Arthur Miller阿瑟·米勒:Death of a salesman.《推销员之死》《萨勒姆的女巫》The CrucibleSaul Bellow :犹太作家JewishBernard Malamud ：JewishJ.D.Salinger ：The Catcher in the Rye .《麦田里的守望者》主人公narrator :Holden Caufield .。

美国文学简史

美国文学简史第一篇：美国文学简史Chapter 1 Colonial PeriodI.Background: Puritanism1.features of Puritanism(1)Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.(2)Original sin: Human beings were born to be evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation.(3)Total depravity(4)Limited atonement: Only the “elect” can be saved.2.Influence(1)A group of good qualities –hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety(serious and thoughtful)influenced American literature.(2)It led to the everlasting myth.All literature is based on a myth –garden of Eden.(3)Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American.(4)With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct;the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible.II.Overview of the literature1.types of writingdiaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons2.writers of colonial period(1)Anne Bradstreet(2)Edward Taylor(3)Roger Williams(4)John Woolman(5)Thomas Paine(6)Philip FreneauIII.Jonathan Edwards1.life2.works(1)The Freedom of the Will(2)The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended(3)The Nature of True Virtue3.ideas – pioneer of transcendentalism(1)The spirit of revivalism(2)Regeneration of man(3)God’s presence(4)Puritan idealismIV.Benjamin Franklin1.life2.works(1)Poor Richard’s Almanac(2)Autobiography3.contribution(1)He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society.(2)He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire(electricity in this case)from heaven”.(3)Everything seems to meet in this one man –“Jack of all trades”.Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”.Chapter 2 American Romanticism Section 1 Early Romantic PeriodWhat is Romanticism?l An approach from ancient Greek: Platol A literary trend: 18c in Britain(1798~1832)l Schlegel Bros.I.Preview: Characteristics of romanticism1.subjectivity(1)feeling and emotions, finding truth(2)emphasis on imagination(3)emphasis on individualism –personal freedom, no hero worship, natural goodness of human beings2.back to medieval, esp medieval folk literature(1)unrestrained by classical rules(2)full of imagination(3)colloquial language(4)freedom of imagination(5)genuine in feelings: answer their call for classics3.back to naturenature is “breathing living thing”(Rousseau)II.American Romanticism1.Background(1)Political background and economic development(2)Romantic movement in European countriesDerivative – foreign influence2.features(1)American romanticism was in essence the expression of “a real newexperience and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien.(2)There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider.American romantic authors tended more to moralize.Many American romantic writings intended to edify more than they entertained.(3)The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with American Romanticism.(4)As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent.III.WashingtonIrving1.several names attached to Irving(1)first American writer(2)the messenger sent from the new world to the old world(3)father of American literature2.life3.works(1)A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty(2)The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.(He won a measure of international recognition with the publication of this.)(3)The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus(4)A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada(5)The Alhambra4.Literary career: two parts(1)1809~1832a.Subjects are either English or Europeanb.Conservative love for the antique(2)1832~1859: back to US5.style – beautiful(1)gentility, urbanity, pleasantness(2)avoiding moralizing – amusing and entertaining(3)enveloping stories in an atmosphere(4)vivid and true characters(5)humour – smiling while reading(6)musical languageIV.James Fenimore Cooper1.life2.works(1)Prec aution(1820, his first novel, imitating Austen’s Pride and Prejudice)(2)The Spy(his second novel and great success)(3)Leatherstocking Tales(his masterpiece, a series of five novels)The Deerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Pioneer, The Prairie3.point of viewthe theme of wilderness vs.civilization, freedom w, order vs.change, aristocrat vs.democrat, natural rights vs.legal rights4.style(1)highly imaginative(2)good at inventing tales(3)good at landscape description(4)conservative(5)characterization wooden and lacking in probability(6)language and use of dialect not authentic5.literary achievementsHe created a myth about the formative period of the American nation.If the history of the United States is, in a sense, the process of the American settlers exploring and pushing the American frontier forever westward, then Cooper’s Leatherstocking T ales effectively approximates the American nationalexperience of adventure into the West.He turned the west and frontier as a useable past and he helped to introduce western tradition to American literature.第二篇：英美文学简史新词Chapter 1 the making of England第一页Primitive原始社会的Clustering 丛团Hut茅草屋Vitality生命力Invade侵入Occupy占有Chieftain首领Subjugate征服Refinement改良Christianity基督教christian 基督教的第二页Swarm大群人Pirate海盗Dialect方言Kinship王权Compose1写、创作（乐曲、歌剧等）2组成Booty战利品Amusement娱乐Democracy民主Incompatible合不来的Gemtile非犹太的Territory领土Feudalism封建制Heathen不信教的、异教徒第三页Monastery修道院Monk修士、僧侣Chapter2Relic遗风Preserve保护Minstrel（中世纪）游方诗歌演唱者 Fragmentv、n 碎片片段Devour吞食Grapple（with）扭住（对手）扭打格斗Avail（against sb）抵挡Combat格斗搏斗战斗Retreat撤退退却Rejoice高兴Avenge伸冤Counseller顾问Plunge猛进入38个单词1第四页Trophy奖品战利品Den穴Belche喷（火）forth its fire Bid说=sayEnvelope包围包住Impenetrable不可穿越的forest Marsh沼泽Superstitious迷信的Marvellous 第五页AlliterationConsonantMetaphorAttendantCondemnTingePermanentChapter3vikingplunderprose第六页confescatebestowbaronvassaloathsecurepropertymanifestationsupremacychronicleprominentdominentintermingletendbishoparchbishopabbottoil第七页sustain奇妙的头韵辅音隐喻侍者责备淡的色调或痕迹a tinge of 永久的北欧海盗掠夺散文没收赠与小块土地男爵封臣誓言保护资产显示至高无上编年史的突出的最突出的、占支配地位的混合照管主教大主教男修道院长辛苦工作支撑41个单词2courageous勇敢的heretics犯异端罪的人perish毁灭plague瘟疫poll-tax人头税impose对（）课税pauperize贫穷slogan口号格言】sermon讲道bondagestuff ornament ermine spicesryemanorpomp sovereign第八页remonstate oppressor treacherously apealprevailverse tournament codemoral chivalry apprenticeship solemncycle第九页rim culmination collapse patronize charge fabricateconvert第十页Masterpiece奴役天鹅绒布料装饰貂皮貂香料黑麦庄园浮华最高统治者抗议。

美国文学简史 中文版

美国文学(American Literature)美国文学的历史不长，它几乎是和美国自由资本主义同时出现，较少受到封建贵族文化的束缚。

美国早期人口稀少，有大片未开发的土地，为个人理想的实现提供了很大的可能性。

美国人民富于民主自由精神，个人主义、个性解放的观念较为强烈，这在文学中有突出的反映。

美国又是一个多民族的国家，移民不断涌入，各自带来了本民族的文化，这决定了美国文学风格的多样性和庞杂性。

美国文学发展的过程就是不断吸取、融化各民族文学特点的过程。

许多美国作家来自社会下层，这使得美国文学生活气息和平民色彩都比较浓厚，总的特点是开朗、豪放。

内容庞杂与色彩鲜明是美国文学的另一特点。

个性自由与自我克制、清教主义与实用主义、激进与反动、反叛和顺从、高雅与庸俗、高级趣味与低级趣味、深刻与肤浅、积极进取与玩世不恭、明快与晦涩、犀利的讽刺与阴郁的幽默、精心雕琢与粗制滥造、对人类命运的思考和探索与对性爱的病态追求等倾向，不仅可以同时并存，而且形成强烈的对照。

从来没有一种潮流或倾向能够在一个时期内一统美国文学的天下。

美国作家敏感、好奇，往往是一个浪潮未落，另一浪潮又起。

作家们永远处在探索和试验的过程之中。

20世纪以来，许多文学潮流起源于美国，给世界文学同时带来积极的与消极的影响。

殖民地时期印第安人的文化欧洲人发现新大陆的时候，北美洲的土著居民印第安人处于原始公社制度各种不同的阶段。

印第安人在向大自然的斗争中创造了自己的文化，主要是民间口头创作，包括神话传说和英雄传说。

由于他们没有文字，这些传说后来才得以整理问世，启发了后世美国作家的灵感。

早期移民的文化移民刚到新大陆时忙于生存斗争，所以开始时文学发展比较缓慢。

最早发表的关于北美的作品是游记、日记之类的文字。

作者都是英国人。

英国殖民地建立之后，统治者利用宗教，主要是清教主义作为控制殖民地思想意识的主要手段，因此许多出版物是关于神学的研究。

著名的作家有科顿·马瑟(1663-1728)和乔纳森。

吴伟仁美国文学史及选读重排版笔记和考研真题详解

吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解目录第一部分　殖民地时期的美国文学　第1章　约翰·史密斯 1.1　复习笔记 1.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第2章　威廉·布拉德福德和约翰·温思罗普 2.1　复习笔记 2.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第3章　约翰·科顿和罗杰·威廉姆斯 3.1　复习笔记 3.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第4章　安妮·布雷兹特里特和爱德华·泰勒 4.1　复习笔记 4.2　考研真题与典型题详解第二部分　理性时代和革命时期文学　第5章　本杰明·富兰克林 5.1　复习笔记 5.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第6章　托马斯·佩恩 6.1　复习笔记 6.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第7章　托马斯·杰斐逊 7.1　复习笔记 7.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第8章　菲利普·弗瑞诺 8.1　复习笔记 8.2　考研真题与典型题详解第三部分　浪漫主义文学　第9章　华盛顿·欧文 9.1　复习笔记 9.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第10章　詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏 10.1　复习笔记 10.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第11章　威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特 11.1　复习笔记 11.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第12章　埃德加·爱伦·坡 12.1　复习笔记 12.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第13章　拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生 13.1　复习笔记 13.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第14章　亨利·戴维·梭罗 14.1　复习笔记 14.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第15章　纳撒尼尔·霍桑 15.1　复习笔记 15.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第16章　赫尔曼·麦尔维尔 16.1　复习笔记 16.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第17章　亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗 17.1　复习笔记 17.2　考研真题与典型题详解第四部分　现实主义文学　第18章　沃尔特·惠特曼 18.1　复习笔记 18.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第19章　艾米莉·狄金森 19.1　复习笔记 19.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第20章　哈丽雅特·比彻·斯托 20.1　复习笔记 20.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第21章　马克·吐温 21.1　复习笔记 21.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第22章　欧·亨利 22.1　复习笔记 22.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第23章　亨利·詹姆斯 23.1　复习笔记 23.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第24章　杰克·伦敦 24.1　复习笔记 24.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第25章　西奥多·德莱塞 25.1　复习笔记 25.2　考研真题与典型题详解第五部分　20世纪美国文学　第26章　埃兹拉·庞德 26.1　复习笔记 26.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第27章　埃德温·阿林顿·罗宾逊 27.1　复习笔记 27.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第28章　罗伯特·弗罗斯特 28.1　复习笔记 28.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第29章　卡尔·桑德堡 29.1　复习笔记 29.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第30章　华莱士·史蒂文斯 30.1　复习笔记 30.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第31章　托马斯·斯特恩斯·艾略特 31.1　复习笔记 31.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第32章　F．斯科特·菲茨杰拉德 32.1　复习笔记 32.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第33章　欧内斯特·海明威 33.1　复习笔记 33.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第34章　约翰·斯坦贝克 34.1　复习笔记 34.2　考研真题与典型题详解　第35章　威廉·福克纳 35.1　复习笔记 35.2　考研真题与典型题详解弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录内容简介《美国文学史及选读》（吴伟仁主编）一直被用作高等院校英语专业英国文学教材，被许多院校指定为英语专业考研必读书和学术研究参考书。

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When Jane Clemens was in her 80s, Clemens asked her about his poor health in those early years: “I suppose that during that whole time you were uneasy about me?” “Yes, the whole time,” she answered. “Afraid I wouldn't live?” “No,” she said, “afraid you would.”
Henry James 1843-1916
American novelist and, as a naturalized English citizen from 1915, a great figure in the transatlantic culture. His fundamental theme was the innocence and exuberance of the New World in clash with the corruption and wisdom of the Old, as illustrated in such works as Daisy Miller (1879), The Portrait of a Lady (1881), The Bostonians (1886), and The Ambassadors (1903).
“Cross Pattern” and “the O. Henry Twist”
Assessment
O. Henry‟s stories expressed the effect of coincidence on character through humor, grim or ironic, and often had surprise endings, a device that became identified with his name.
Works
Cabbages and Kings (1904) The Four Million (1906) Heart of the West (1907) Whirligigs (1910) Strictly Business (1910) “The Furnished Room” “The Cop and the Anthem” “The Gift of the Magi”
The controversial „Huckleberry Finn', which is periodically banned in schools or libraries because of alleged racial overtones, can be read by children, but it is not a child's book. It has elements of heartbreak and wisdom that can be appreciated best by adults. On the other hand, „Tom Sawyer' is primarily a juvenile book but one that can be read with pleasure by adults.
Best example of “sentimental” fiction that enjoyed popularity in the United States during the 1800s. Sentimental writers focused on domestic scenes, and their work evoked strong emotions.
Works
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County (1867) The Innocents Abroad (1869) The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) The Prince and the Pauper (1882) Life on the Mississippi (1883) The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson (1894)
Stowe and O. Henry
Harriet Beecher Stowe （1811-1896）
American writer and philanthropist, the author of the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, which contributed so much to popular feeling against slavery that it is cited among the causes of the American Civil War.
Mark Twain and Henry James
Mark Twain
(Samuel Langhorne CleΒιβλιοθήκη ens )1835-1910
American humorist, journalist, lecturer, and novelist who acquired international fame for his travel narratives, especially The Innocents Abroad (1869) and Life on the Mississippi (1883), and for his adventure stories of boyhood, especially The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885).
Like Stowe, many of these authors were social reformists, but they were criticized for creating overly idealized characters.
“The little lady who wrote the book that made this big war”
O. Henry
( William Sydney Porter ) 1862-1910
American short-story writer whose tales romanticized the commonplace—in particular the life of ordinary people in New York City.
Assessment
A gifted raconteur, distinctive humorist, and irascible moralist, Mark Twain transcended the apparent limitations of his origins to become a popular public figure and one of America„s best and most beloved writers. . .
"Eliza comes to tell Uncle Tom that he is sold and that she is running away to save her child."
Uncle Tom‟s Cabin
Rambling in structure, but rich in pathos and dramatic incident.
Uncle Tom‟s Cabin
Serialized in 1851 and 1852 in National Era Issued as a book in 1852, sold 500,000 within 5 years Translated into more than 20 languages Crystallize militant antislavery sentiment in the North Precipitated the American Civil War (1861-1865)
Life and Works
I. Early Life II. Life in Europe III. Early Works IV. Middle Works V. Last Works VI. Conclusion
Early Life
• The younger brother of philosopher William James, Henry was born in New York City. He spent his childhood and early youth in unusually stimulating surroundings. • He belonged to a novel-reading, play-going family that vigorously discussed everything it read and saw. • Distinguished friends of Henry‟s father, such as Scottish historian Thomas Carlyle and American writer Ralph Waldo Emerson, were frequent visitors to the household.
林纾（琴南）
1852-1924 《黑奴吁天录》（1901）