21世纪大英第四单元单词及课文讲解
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全新版21世纪大学英语综合教程4(第三版)课后翻译-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Unit 1这是西雅图海边阳光明媚、赤日炎炎的一天,穿越海湾能一眼望见远处的岛屿,其自然美景没有受到任何破坏。
人们躺在一片草坪上看书或和恋人相依,一阵充满活力的无伴奏的歌声从草坪的另一端传了过来。
原来是一家咖啡馆外面有4位男子正在唱着一首关于丘比特的情歌,每个人都有着不同的音域。
围了几圈的人群正摇摆着身体合着节奏拍手。
这家咖啡馆的星巴克徽标让我觉得有一点过时,直到有人提到这是世界上第一家开张的星巴克时我才恍然大悟。
我是因为最近的一次调查来到西雅图的。
这项调查是由位于伦敦的经济运转情况中心发起的,旨在了解在世界不同的地方发财致富究竟有多么容易或多么困难——如果不是发财致富,至少也是摆脱贫困。
Unit 2美国满足了我学业深造和职场历练的雄心。
我来的时候差不多是高中学历,而10年后,我拥有了研究生学位,也有了比较成功的职业生涯。
然而,前进的每一步都是通过令人精疲力竭的奋斗取得的。
我的大学学费一部分是通过打多份报酬极低的零工挣来的。
毕业以后,我很幸运地找到一份工作。
可是,适应企业文化需要付出另一种代价。
最初,我需要付出双倍的努力才跟得上。
渐渐地,我意识到如果缺乏自信,别人就不把你当回事儿,于是便学着装出一副自信满满的样子。
迫于裁员潮的威慑,我利用业余时间读了研究生,因为那是我所知道的能在保障工作方面取得优势的唯一办法。
当我有资格申请公民身份时,又花了一大笔律师费,并且忍受了充满压力的数年时光,努力应对种种纷繁复杂的情况以获得在美的永久居住权。
Unit 4我想,令人目眩神速的初恋也许会融入血液中,但经得起考验的爱则永驻心头。
从这个意义上说,爱比躯体更具活力。
爱使我们变得完整,赋予我们平安度过一生所需的一切。
我可以就这样数个小时一直端详着我的妻子。
海浪不断迸溅开来,冲击着她光光的脚丫。
这个世界有时因为伤害和痛苦而大煞风景,我却深深地感恩升起的旭日为我照亮了这样的真爱。
Unit 1享受幽默——是什么使人开怀?[1]The joy of laughing at a funny story is universal, probably as old as language itself. But, what is it that makes a story or a joke funny?1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心,古今中外都一样。
这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。
那么,到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢?[2] As one who has enjoyed humor since I first recognized it, I've made an attempt to explain and discuss humor with students in such diverse cultures as Latin America and China. I've done some serious thinking about funny stories. It has been a labor of love!2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人,因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。
这些学生文化差异很大,有来自拉丁美洲的,也有来自中国的。
我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。
这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。
[3]Why is it that several students in a class will fall out of their chairs laughing after I tella joke while the rest of the students look as if I've just read the weather report?[N]Obviously some people are more sensitive to humor than others. And, we recognize that some people tell jokes very well while others struggle to say something funny. We've all heard people say, "I like jokes, but I can't tell one well, and I can never remember them." Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talent, mathematical talent, etc. than others. A truly funny person has a joke for every occasion, and when one is told, that triggers an entire string of jokes from that person's memory bank. A humorless person is not likely to be the most popular person in a group.It is reasonable to say that the truly humorous individual is not only well liked, but is often the focus of attention in any gathering.3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后,班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合,而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢?显然,有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。
Unit 1There are many paths to greatness. Some people go down in history for their 1)_ influential _political 有许多道路的伟大。
有些人在历史上有影响力的政治领导。
leadership. Other are remembered for spectacular scientific 2)__ breakthroughs _ for composing great 其他的都记得壮观的科学突破创作伟大的交响乐,symphonies, or writing 3)__ brilliant __ poetry. But whatever path they take, great people seem to 4)__ share __ a 或书写辉煌的诗。
但无论他们采取的路径,伟大的人似乎有few common characteristics. They are relentlessly 5)__ optimistic __ and persistent; they have both intellectual 一些共同的特点。
他们乐观不懈和持续的;他们的知识技能skills and the ability to work well with other people; and they love their work. In fact, 6)_ for _ these people, work 和工作的能力,以及与其他人,他们热爱自己的工作。
事实上,is more like an obsession than a job. Of course, many of the questions about greatness 7)__ remain __, 对于这些人来说,工作更像是一个痴迷于工作。
当然,许多问题仍然没有答案的伟大。
夏日的一天,父亲让我去买些铁丝网和栅栏,用来围畜棚,把牛圈起来。
那时我16岁,最喜欢开上货车,沿着老磨坊路到城里去。
研磨机轮子上的水花在阳光下喷洒,在河道上空形成一道彩虹。
我常在半路上把车停下来,在河里洗个澡,凉快一会,享受一下天然空调。
太阳火辣辣的,不用毛巾擦,等我爬上岸边的土坡,穿过路边的壕沟,到达货车时,身上已经都干了。
快进城时,有一段沿着海滩的路,我会在那儿拣贝壳,拣海藻,头顶就是正从轮船上卸货的巨大的起重机。
但是,这次却有所不同。
父亲告诉我,我得向店里要求赊账。
那是1976年,种族主义的丑陋阴影仍然是生活的现实。
我曾目睹我的朋友要求赊账,然后就低着头站在那里,等着店主查询他“配不配赊账”。
许多店员只要一看见年轻的黑人走进商店,就盯着他们,疑心他们是小偷。
我们家人诚实正派,有债必还。
但在庄稼收割之前,所有的钱都已经花光了。
银行里也没有新的存款,现金不够。
在戴维斯兄弟杂货店,巴克·戴维斯站在收银机后面,正和一个中年农夫说着话。
巴克个子高高的,穿着一件红色的狩猎衬衫,显得饱经风霜。
我冲他点了点头,经过他的身边,向五金柜台走去,拿了一盒钉子,一卷用于捆扎的铁丝网和栅栏。
我把要买的东西拖到柜台前,把钉子放进秤盘,小心翼翼地说道:“我要赊账。
”一边抬起胳膊去擦额头上紧张的汗珠。
那个农夫像寻开心般怀疑地看着我,但是巴克的脸色却没有变。
他随和地说道:“当然可以,你老爹总能有借有还,”一边伸手去拿记账的账本。
我舒了一口气。
他转过头,对那个农夫说:“这是詹姆士·威廉的儿子。
像詹姆士·威廉这样讲信用的人是很少的。
”那个农夫友善地点了点头。
我的心里顿时充满了自豪。
“詹姆士·威廉的儿子”,这句话打开了通往成年人的尊敬和信任的大门。
当我把沉重的货物拉进货车车厢时,觉得轻而易举,感到比早上离开农庄时更有劲了。
我发现,一个好名声所带来的友好是一笔无价之宝。
人人都知道,威廉家的人是什么样的:是诚实守信的体面人,自尊自重,不干坏事。
I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I came across the fact that Web usage was growing at 2,300 percent per year. I’d never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an 1.online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me. I had just turned 30 years old, and I’d been married for a year. I told my wife MacKenzie that I wanted to 2.quit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldn’t work since most startups don’t, and I wasn’t sure what to expect. MacKenzie told me I should 3.go for it. As a young boy, I’d been a garage inventor. I’d always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my dream.I was working at a financial firm in New York City with4. a bunch of very smart people, and I had a brilliant ( 优秀的 ) boss who I much admired. I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a company 5.selling books on the Internet. He took me on a long walk in Central Park , listened carefully to me, and finally said, “That 6.sounds like a really good idea, but it would be an even better idea for someone who didn’t already have a good job.” That logic ( 逻辑 ) 7.made some sense to me, and he8.asked me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision. Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice, but in the end, I decided I had to give it a shot. I didn’t think I’d 9.regret trying and failing.And I suspected I would always be haunted by a decision to not try at all.After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my 10.dream, and I’m proud of that choice. For all of us, in the end, we are our choices.T F F T F1 C (第二段第一行)2 C (第四段第四行)3 B (if you add them the conventional way then it is a taxing piece of mental arithmetic 所以如果你用传统的方法把它们加起来,那就是一个累人的心算;effortless 不费力的demanding 要求高的thrilling 惊险的imposing 壮观的) 4 C (第八段第七行,买下停车场)5 D (第九段第一行第二句)2.This decision represents the basic interests of the people. (fundamental基本的)这个决定代表人民的根本利益the frog into a princess.(transform4. But given the ever more crowded state of China's roads , and so many inexperienced new drivers ,the authorities' in tervention seems not strong enough.(congested拥挤的)但考虑到中国道路越来越拥挤,以及许多缺乏经验的新司机,当局的干预似乎不够有力。
She was a small woman, old and wrnkled. When she started washingfor us, she was already past seventy. All the old women in our street had bent backs and leaned on sticks when they walked. But this washwoman, small and thin as she was, possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant forebears. Mother would count out to her a bundle of laundry that had accumulated over severl weeks. She would then lift the bundle, put it on her narrow shoulders, and carry it the long way home.She would bring the laundry back about two weeks later. My mother had never been so pleased with any washwomen. Yet she charged no more than the others. She was a real find. Mother always had her money ready, because it was too far for the old woman to come a second time. Laundrying is not easy in those days. The old woman had no running water where she lived but had to bring in the water from a pump. And the drying! it could not be done outside because thieves would steal the laundry. So it had to be carried up to the attic and hung on the clothelines. Only God knows what the old woman had to endure each time she did a wash!She could have begged at the church door or entered a home for the penniless and aged. But there was in her a certain pride and love of labor with which many members of the labor force have been blessed. The old woman did not want to become a burden, and so she bore her own burden. One day the washwoman, now nearly eighty years old, came to our house. A great deal of laundry had accumulated during the past weeks. Mother gave her a pot of tea to warm herself, as well as some bread. The old woman sat on a kitchen chair trembling and shaking, and warmed her hands against the teapot. Her fingernails were strangely white. These hands spoke of the stubbornness of mankind, of the will to work not only as one's strenghth permits but beyond the limits of one's power. It was sad to watch the old woman stagger out with the big bundle and disappear. Usually the old woman brought back the wash after two or, at the most, three weeks. But three weeks past, then four and five, and nothing was heard of the old woman.For us the washwoman's absence was a catastrophe.We needed the laundry. We did not even know the woman's address. It seemed certain that she had collapsed, died. Mother declared that she had had a premonition that we would never see our things again. We mourned, both for the laundry and for the old woman who had grown close to us through the years she had served us so faithfully.More than two months past. One evening, while mother was sitting near the lamp mending a shirt, the door opened and a small puff of steam, followed by a huge bundle, entered. Under the bundle tottered the old woman, her face as white as a linen sheet. Mother uttered a half-choked cry, as though a corpse had entered the room. I ran forward the old woman and helped her unload her bundle. She was even thinner now, more bent. She could not utter a clear word, but mumbled something with her sunken mouth and pale lips.After the old woman had recovered somewhat, she told us that she had been ill, very ill. But God had not yet wanted to take this poor soul to Himself. She began to feel better, she became well, and as soon as she was able to stand on her feet once more, she resumed her washing. Not just ours, but the wash of several other families too.“I could not rest easy in my bed because of the wash.”the old woman explained.“The wash would not let me die.”“With the help of God you will live to be a hundred and twenty,”said my mother.“God forbid! What good would such a long life be? The work becomes harder and harder... my strength is leaving me... I do not want to be a burden on any one!” The old woman muttered, crossed herself, and raised her eyes toward heaven. After getting paid, she left, promising to return in a few weeks for new load of wash.But she never came back. the wash she had returned was her last effort on this earth. She had been driven by a strong will to return the property to its owners, to fulfill the task she had undertaken.More than a scholarshipYou may have heard of Osceola McCarty. She’s an 88 year old woman in Mississippi who had worked for over 75 years as a washer woman. One day after she retired, she went to the bank and discovered, to her great surprise, that her meager monthly savings had grown to over $150,000. Then to everyone’s great surprise, she turned around and donated $150,000-almost all of those savings-to the University of Southern Mississippi(USM) for a scholarship fund for AfricanAmerican students with financial needs. She made national headlines.What you have not hea rd is how Osceola’s gift had affected my life. I am 19 years old and the first recipient of an Osceola McCarty Scholarship.I was a dedicated student, and I had my heart set on going to USM. But I missed being eligible for a regular scholarship by one point on the entrance exams, and a scholarship was the only way I could attend.One Sunday, I came across the story in the paper about Osceola McCarty and her generous gift. I showed my mother the article, and we both agreed it was a great thing to have done.The next day I went to the financial aid office, and they told me there was still no money available for me, but if anything came up they’d call. A few days later, as I was running out the door to catch a ride with my mother to work, the phone rang. I stopped to pick it up, and while I heard my mother honking the horn for me to hurry up, they told me I had been chosen to receive the first Osceola McCarty Scholarship. I was ecstatic! I ran out as fast as I could to tell my mother. She had to call the office again herself to make sure it was true.I first met Osceola at a press conference-meeting her was like finding family. Osceola never married, nor had children, so my family has since become her family. My grandma and she talk on the phone regularly and do errands together, and she joins us for family functions.Once we got round to talking about ice cream. We found out Osceola hadn’t had much experience with ice cream, so we all packed into the car and went to the Dairy Queen, where we ordered Osceola her first banana split! She has ice cream a lot now.Osceola worked hard her whole life-from early in the morning to sunset-washing clothes by hand. I used to drive right by her house every day on my way to school. Of course, at the time I didn’t know it was her house, but I did notice how well kept the lawn was and how everything was clean and neat. Recently I asked her why I never saw her once in all that time, and she answered, “I guess I was out in back, washing clothes.”Now that Osceola’s retired, she sits most of the day and reads the Bible. That is, when she’s not getting rewards! Every time I go visit, she has a new award. She’s even gone to the White House. She is so happy and proud, though not at all conceited. We had to talk her into getting a VCR so she could tape the programs and see herself on TV-she just sits and smiles.Osceola gave me much more than a scholarship. She taught me about the gift of giving. Now I know there are good people in the world who do good things. She worked her whole life and gave to others, and in turn she has in-spired3 me to give back when I can. Eventually I plan to add to her scholarship fund.I want to give Osceola the family she’s always wanted, so I’ve adopted her as another grandma. She even calls me her granddaughter. And when I graduate from USM, she’ll be sittingin the audience between my mother and my grandmother-right where she belongs.Room fore the futureAt the age of forty-five,my usually well-ordered life became fraught with changes.After twenty-two years of working for a major financial institution,a downsizing initiative and a major bank merger resulted in the elimination1)of over one hundred jobs,mine being one of them.My once secure future became a fallacy2)。
New Words and Expressions
1.(para1)washman, washwoman, laundress, laundryman
2.(para1)possess
She was possessed by/with the desire to be rich.
她被致富的欲望所支配。
Many students in the class are possessed by the self-abasement in studying English.
3.bear, stand, tolerate, put up with, suffer
I will not suffer such conduct.
我不能容忍这种行为。
She could not suffer criticism from his teacher, although he is indeed very lazy.
她受不了批评。
●bear, endure, stand常可互换。
bear表示忍受者自愿地承受困难痛苦的心理能力,与can和could连用时,一般用于否定名和疑问句。
如The pain was too intense to stand. Actors who can’t bear criticism shouldn't perform in public.
痛苦强烈得无法承受。
受不了批评的演员不应在公众中演出。
His parents couldn’t bear the burden of providing tuition at that time for his studies in the university.
●Endure (specifies a continuing capacity to face pain or hardship):
Endure 尤指长期面对痛苦、艰难的能力:
“Human life is everywhere a state in which much is to be endured and little to be enjoyed” (Samuel Johnson).
“无论在何处,人类生活总是忍受的苦难多,享受的欢乐少”(塞缪尔·约翰逊)
If those temporarily underachieving students can endure the hardship of studying English, they will certainly pass the examination and get their degree in time.
●stand 常与bear 通用,如果用词确切,stand 总包含着“不退让”、“不畏缩”的“忍受”。
指精神上坚毅,有决心。
He can stand more pain than anyone else I know.
他比我认识的任何人都更能忍受痛苦。
He stood the test of war.
他经受住了战争的考验。
●put up with多用于口语中的否定名和疑问句,强调克服对所讨厌的事物的反感。
●Tolerate, in its principal application to something other than pain, connotes reluctant acceptance despite reservations:
Tolerate 主要用于指除痛苦之外的一些事情,语气最弱。
含有尽管保留但勉强接受之意:The training course should be not only tolerated, but encouraged
4.ashamed (para.5)
be ashamed of sb/sth; be ashamed that; be ashamed to do sth.
5. catastrophe, disaster, misfortune, tragedy
rm通知;告诉(para10)
The headmistress informed us that the school would be closed for one day next week.
女校长告诉我们下星期学校将停一天课。
The sales manager asked his men to inform him of everything concerning the sales in time. 销售部经理让他手下的人把关于销售量的情况及时报告他。
(常与against, on连用)(向警方)告发
6.undertake(para14)
Text Explanation
Para.1 lean-leant-leant/leaned-leaned learn-learnt-learnt/learned-learned lean on/against
The washwoman seldom leans on her stick.
The lazy student always leans on other to help him to pass examinations 一种倒装句型:adj.+as+n+v.
Para.1 count out 逐一数出.
Para. 4 be blessed with
Para. 4 could have+pp.
You could have passed the examination if you had studied hard.
Para.6 speak of
Para.6 at the most/at the least
Para.10
Para.11 rest easy
Para.13 cross oneself。