摘要
随着科学技术的进步，智能化和自动化技术越来越普及，各种高科技技术也广泛应用于智能小车河机器人玩具制造领域，使智能机器人越来越多样化。智能小车是一个多种高新技术的集成体，融合了机械，计算机硬件，软件，电子，人工智能等多种科学技术的知识，可以涉及到当今许多前言领域的技术。
利用红外对管来检测黑线，利用超声波实现避障，并以STC89C51单片机为主控芯片控制小车的转向和速度，从而使小车实现自动循迹避障的功能。其中由L298N驱动电路对小车驱动，单片机输出的PWM波控制速度。由置程序分别控制位于小车左右的直流电机的运转，实现小车的自动识别路线的功能，能够有效的控制小车遇到障碍物时能够转弯角度与循迹行驶。本设计的结构相对简单，比较易于实现，体现了一定程度的智能。
关键词：智能小车；红外对管；STC89C51单片机；超声波；L298N
Abstract
With the progress of science and technology, intelligent and automation technology is more and more popular, various high-tech technology is also widely used in the field of intelligent car river robot toy manufacturing, make intelligent robot has become more and more diversified. Smart car is an integration of a variety of high technology, the integration of mechanical, computer hardware, software, electronics, artificial intelligence and many other kinds of scientific and technological knowledge can involves to many of today's introduction in the field of technology.
Using infrared tube to detect the black line, in order to avoid obstacles by using ultrasonic wave, and the STC89C51 MCU as the main control chip to control the car's steering and speed, so as to enable the car to achieve the function of automatic tracking and obstacle avoidance. Which is driven by the L298N driver circuit, the output of the microcontroller PWM wave control speed. By the built-in program control located in the car about DC motor running, the car automatic recognition route function, can effectively control the car encountered obstacles to the steering angle and tracking road. The structure of the design is relatively simple, the comparison is easy to realize, and it embodies the intelligence of a certain degree..
Keywords: intelligent vehicle; infrared tube; STC89C51
MCU; ultrasonic; L298N
目录
摘要 (1)
Abstract (2)
引言 (1)
1绪论 (2)
1.1智能玩具的意义和作用 (2)
1.2 智能小车的现状 (3)
1.2.1 国外移动机器人的状况 (3)
1.2.2 国移动机器人的状况 (3)
2 方案设计与论证 (5)
2.1 主控系统 (5)
2.1.1 AT89C52单片机简介 (5)
2.1.2 单片机的发展 (6)
2.2 电机驱动模块 (7)
2.2.1 H桥式电路工作原理 (9)
2.2.2 PWM调速技术 (9)
2.3循迹模块 (9)
2.3.1光电传感器的工作原理 (9)
2.3.2光电传感器的分类和工作方式 (10)
2.4避障模块 (11)
2.4.1 超声波测距的原理 (12)
2.4.2 超声波传感器的分类 (12)
2.4.3 超声波测距特点 (13)
2.5 显示模块 (14)
2.5.1 数码管的结构及工作原理 (14)
2.5.2 数码管的选择 (15)
2.6机械系统 (15)
2.6.1 电机驱动部分： (15)
2.6.2 电池的安装： (15)
2.7电源模块 (16)
3 硬件设计 (17)
3.1 总体设计 (17)
3.1.1主板设计框图如图3.1 (17)
3.2驱动电路 (17)
3.2.1 电机驱动电路设计 (18)
3.2.2 信号检测电路设计 (18)
3.2.3 主控电路设计 (19)
3.3 显示模块电路设计 (20)
4 软件设计 (22)
4.1 主程序设计 (22)
4.1.1 主程序框图 (22)
