Introduction to English Literature

Ĭ wón | děred lóne | lў ás | ă clóud Thăt flóats | ǒn hígh | ǒ’er váles | ănd hílls, Whěn áll | ăt ónce | Ĭ sáw | ă crówd, A hóst, | ǒf gól | děn dáf | fǒdíls; Běsíde | thě láke, | běnéath | thě trées, Flúttěring | ănd dán | cǐng ín | thě bréeze.
In a line there may be different feet. The trochaic foot may sometimes replace the iambic foot, or vice versa, especially at the head of a line, e.g., 1) Whérefǒre | wé wǐth | tó ănd | cá ave il re Thĕ rí | ró yǒur | týrănts | wé ch bes ar? 2) Shrí tǒ| yǒur cé | lărs, hó | ănd cé nk l les lls; (Shelley) Sometimes there may be two accented syllables or two unaccented syllables arranged together in a foot; the former as known as spondee, the latter pyrrhic, e.g., 1) Shéltĕr | fó lóve’s | géntlĕ | bá od, lm. 2) Ǒr whá ǐs | ǐt yĕ | bú sǒ| dé t y ar. (Shelley)

v 文学是指以语言文字为工具形象化地反映客观现实的艺 术，包括诗歌、散文、小说、剧本、寓言、童话等，是 文化的重要表现形式，以不同的形式（称作体裁）表现 内心情感和再现一定时期和一定地域的社会生活。
Fiction 小说
❖ Elements of Fiction
❖ Theme ❖ Plot & structure ❖ Character ❖ Point of view ❖ Setting ❖ Tone ❖ Language & style ❖ Irony ❖ Symbol
revolution.
Recommended Novels for Reading
a romantic story a revenge story a tragedy of social inequality
a poor, plain governess struggling for self-dignity and
personal happiness
Recommended Novels for Reading
A Novel Without a Hero
tragic fate of a “pure” young peasant woman at the time of capitalist invasion
into the country in the 19th-century England
Training one’s thinking
Fostering one’s connoisseurship (the ability to appreciate a work of art)
Enjoying oneself
Aims

British
Literature
•
What’s Literature? The word ―literature‖ came into English from the 14th
century in the sense of polite learning through reading. Thus a man of literature, or a man of letters, meant what we would now describe as a man of wide reading. So, this word corresponds mainly to the modern meaning of the word ― literacy精通文学,有文化.‖ From the mid-18th century, literature referred to the practice and profession of writing. This appears to be closely connected with the heightened self -consciousness of the profession of authorship. Since the 19th century, literature has been the high skills of writing in the especial context of high imagination.
Recommended Novels for Reading
A Novel Without a Hero
tragic fate of a ―pure‖ young peasant woman at the time of capitalist invasion into the country in the 19th-century England

大一英语笔记Unit 1 - Introduction to English LiteratureVocabulary:- Allegory: a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.- Epoch: a particular period of time in a person's life or in the history of something.- Prose: ordinary language in its written form, as distinguished from poetry.Grammar Focus: Present Perfect Tense- Structure: have/has + past participle- Usage: to express an action that occurred in the past but whose time is not specified, or whose result is important in the present.- Example: I have finished my homework. (The action of finishing homework occurred at an unspecified time in the past, and the result is important now.)Reading Comprehension:- Main Idea: The lecture introduced the concept of English literature, its historical epochs, and famous authors.- Details:- English literature can be traced back to the Anglo-Saxon period.- The Renaissance was a time of great cultural and artistic rebirth in Europe.- Shakespeare is considered one of the greatest writers in the English language.Writing Skills:- Thesis Statement: A strong thesis statement should be specific, debatable, and supported by evidence.- Example: Shakespeare's use of allegory in "Macbeth" effectively highlights the dangers of unchecked ambition.Listening Skills:- Note-taking: When listening to a lecture or presentation, take notes on key points and examples to aid in review later.- Example notes: "Lecture covered epochs of English lit. Shakespeare = Renaissance. Allegory in Macbeth."Speaking Skills:- Participating in Class Discussion: Use open-ended questions and contribute relevant ideas to keep the conversation flowing.- Example: "I agree that Shakespeare's use of allegory is effective. Could you give an example from another play that illustrates this technique?"Remember that these are just example notes and that your actual notes will depend on the content covered in your classes. Be sure to review and organize your notes regularly to aid in your studying!。