Citation Style Guide

Citation Guide: ChicagoChicago Manual of Style[University of Chicago Press, 16th ed.,2010]Copies are available at SFU LibraryCall number: Z 253 U69 2010You might want to buy your own copy at the SFU Bookstore This guide is based on the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed., and provides only selected citation examples for common types of sources. For more detailed information please consult the print version of the handbook. Graduate students and professional writers might also need to consult the Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 7th ed. , LB 2369 T8 2007, Bennett Reference. The University of Chicago Press does not publish the Manual on the web, but there is a quick guide on their site that includes helpful information for writing research papers and citing sources:/16/contents.htmlIf you want to keep track of your references and formatting your bibliographies, consider using RefWorks. It is free for all students, faculty, alumni and staff. If you use bibliographic citation software (e.g., RefWorks or EndNote), you must ensure that information is entered accurately in order for the software to output results properly. You are responsible for the accuracy of all information in your reference/citation lists.General Notes on Chicago StyleChicago style outlines two distinct citation styles, and this guide covers only the Humanities style:o Notes/bibliography style, also known as "Humanities style." Sources are cited through footnotes (or endnotes) and a bibliographyo Author/date style, also known as "Scientific/Social Sciences style." Sources are cited through parenthetical author/date references in the text and a reference list Your paper must be double-spaced. It is conventional to single-space footnotes and bibliographies, leaving a blank line between entries.Every page of the paper must be assigned a page number, including blank pages, appendices, and bibliography. Arabic numerals are centered or flush right at the top of the page.You need to cite and document any sources that you have consulted, even if you presented the ideas from these sources in your own words. You need to cite:o to identify other people's ideas and information used within your essayo to inform the reader of your paper where they should look if they want to find the same sourcesA citation must appear in two places in your essay:o in the body of your text ('in-text citations')o in the Reference List (at the end of your paper)To introduce other people's ideas in text, use the following examples:Richardson argues, refers to, explains, hypothesizes, compares, concludes;As Littlewood and Sherwin demonstrated, proved, ... etc.Webster's Third New International Dictionary and Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary are the standard spelling references for all Chicago citations (7.1)You are responsible for the accuracy of all information in your bibliography.References in Text: Footnotes and Endnotes (16.19-16.35; 16.59-16.65)In Chicago notes/bibliography style, footnotes or endnotes are used to cite quotes, paraphrases, and other in-text referenceso Footnotes are numbered citations listed at the bottom of each page in the research papero Endnotes are numbered citations listed on a single page at the end of the research paperTo cite a source, a small superscript (raised) number is placed after each in-text reference(16.25). Throughout the paper, these in-text references are numbered in sequential order. Forexample:Mooney found that "domestic violence has, since the 1970s, been increasingly recognizedas a social problem." 1Each numbered reference then corresponds to a numbered citation in the footnote or endnote that provides author, date, and publication information for each source. The numbers in thenotes are full size, not raised, and followed by a period. The older style is to use superscriptnumerals, like footnote numbers in the text. They are placed at the beginning of a footnote,without punctuatuon.Citations in notes are single-spaced (unless otherwise instructed), but there is a double space between entries. The first line is indented.References in Text: Shortened Citations (16.41-16.50)The first in text reference to a given source must be cited in full with the name of the author/s, title of the work, place of publication, name of the publisher, and page number/s of the citedreference (16.9-16.18). For example:1. Jayne Mooney, Gender, Violence and the Social Order, (London: Macmillan, 2000),2.Subsequent notes for sources that have already been cited may be shortened to the author's last name, abbreviated title, and the appropriate page reference (16.41 - 16.46). For example:2. Mooney, Gender, 131-32.Immediately following notes that refer to the same source may be shortened even further to 'ibid.' (short for 'ibidem' - the Latin word for "in the same place") and the appropriate pagereference (16.47-16.48). For example:3. Ibid., 341.Bibliography (16.71-16.83)The list of sources at the end of the paper is called the bibliography. This list must include all references cited in the text of your paperIn the bibliography, entries are listed in alphabetical order according to the authors' last names.If no author or editor is provided, the work's title may be used insteadEntries are double-spaced , but single-spacing is used within each entry. The second and subsequent lines are indented.When the bibliography includes multiple entries by the same author listed together, a 3-em dash may be used to replace the author's name after the first entry (16.84 - 16.89). For example:---.Memory and Brain. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.For more information about how to format your bibliography, see sections 16.71 - 16.89 Common AbbreviationsWhen books have editors, translators, or compilers, the following abbreviations are used (17.41,17.42):o one editor –ed.o two or more editors - eds.o translators –transo compilers - comp.For editions of books other than the first, the edition number (or description) and the abbreviation "ed." are placed after the book's title in all notes and bibliographic citations (17.79 - 17.82). For example:o second edition - 2nd ed.o revised edition - rev. ed.How to cite...breath separates them. Not even a blink of the eye.For books with more than three, and less than ten authors, all names should be A 'corporate author' may be an organization, association, corporation, committee, city,When no author appears on the title page, a work is listed by the name(s) of the NoteIf the author or editor is unknown, the entry begins with the title, unless theStart with the Author of the Chapter. Continue with the Chapter Title in quotes,In notes, only the page number(s), where the cited reference appears, is given Retrieved from a database (e.g. JSTOR, PsycInfo, Academic Search Elite)You may want to include the full URL to the article if it appears to be stable andWeekly or monthly magazines are cited by date only, even if there is a Although Chicago does not recommend that access dates be cited for electronicIf no author is provided, the name of the newspaper should be used in the bibliography instead (17.192). For example:Include as much of the information as you can: author of the content, title ofMorris Jastrow noted that...(Unsigned / Signed article)Well-known reference works are usually cited only in notes, with the edition Film Scenes (individually accessible in DVDs, e.g. "Conversation with Annette") are treated as chapters and cited by title or by number (17.273), e.g.Beauvoir's book is referenced in Butler's journal article:Zukofsky's article is referenced in Costello's book:As the style manual notes, citing sources from a secondary source is not a。

《水浒传》阅读感悟六年级优秀作文10篇(2)《水浒传》阅读感悟范文六《水浒传》讲述了北宋末年农民因不满社会黑暗而揭竿起义的故事。

官逼民反，这是一个黑暗沉痛的词语。

试想在封建王朝，人人都尊天子为圣，造反是连想都不敢想的。

一个普一般通的百姓，究竟要被逼成什么样子才会去做造反这种为天下人所不齿的事啊!林冲就是一个典型的例子。

他本是八十万禁军教头，因为娘子被高衙内看中，高衙内和高俅多次陷害，他一忍再忍，但高俅多次想置他于死地，最终被逼上梁山。

在历史的长河中，暴权几乎在每个国家都存在过，腐败的官僚集团，被剥削压迫的百姓。

但如今已不复存在，因为有抵抗，因为有斗争。

公元前209年，在秦王的暴政之下，百姓民不聊生，陈胜吴广揭竿而起，虽然最后失败了，但它是我国第一次农民起义，为推翻秦王朝奠定基础。

无独有偶，1831年和1834年，法国里昂工人为反对资本主义剥削两次武装起义。

这两次起义让法国无产阶级登上政治舞台做出了极大贡献。

在同一时期，英国也举行了声势浩大、轰轰烈烈的宪章运动。

列宁评价说:这是世界上第一次广泛的、真正群众性的、政治性的无产阶级革命运动。

无产阶级成为一支政治力量登上历史舞台。

除此之外，世界上的起义事件数之不尽。

每一次起义，不一定都是成功的，但一定都是正义的，一定都是为了百姓的大利益。

因为有抵抗，所以有平等;因为有斗争，所以有公平;因为有起义，所以有进步;因为有革命，所以有我们今天幸福的生活。

就是因为这种勇于抵抗的斗争精神，制度才有进一步改革，社会才有进步，世界才能走向更美妙的未来。

抵抗是一种崇高的人道主义精神。

《水浒传》阅读感悟范文七《水浒传》又名《水浒》、《忠义水浒传》初名《江湖豪客传》，是中国历史上以白话文写成的章回小说，被后人归为中国古典四大文学名著之一主要有七十回、百回、百二十回本，全书定型于明朝。

它描写了北宋末年以宋江为首的农民起义，塑造了李逵、武松、林冲、鲁智深等众多的英雄人物，暴露了封建统治阶级的残暴和腐朽，揭露了当时的社会矛盾施耐庵。

科学通报英文版的endnote style全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Endnote style of Science Bulletin English EditionIn academic writing, citing sources is an essential aspect of ensuring credibility and giving credit to the original authors. One popular citation style used in scientific publications is the Endnote style. In this article, we will discuss the Endnote style specifically tailored for the Science Bulletin English Edition.The Science Bulletin English Edition is a prestigious scientific journal that covers a wide range of topics in various fields of science. As such, it is important for authors to follow the proper citation guidelines when submitting their manuscripts to ensure the accuracy and consistency of references.When citing sources in the Science Bulletin English Edition, authors should adhere to the following Endnote style guidelines:1. Formatting: In-text citations should be marked with superscript numbers in the order in which they appear in the text. The corresponding reference list should be included at the endof the manuscript, with each citation numbered and listed in the order of appearance.2. Journal Article: When citing a journal article, the Endnote style should include the author's name, title of the article, journal name, volume number, issue number, page numbers, and publication year. For example: Smith AB, Jones CD. The role of genetics in cancer research. Science Bulletin. 2021; 45(3):123-135.3. Book: When citing a book, the Endnote style should include the author's name, book title, publisher, publication year, and page numbers. For example: Brown EF. The history of physics. New York: Academic Press; 2019. p. 45-67.4. Website: When citing a website, the Endnote style should include the author's name (if available), title of the webpage, URL, and access date. For example: World Health Organization. COVID-19 situation report. Available at: www.who.int/covid19. Accessed September 15, 2021.5. Multiple Authors: When citing sources with multiple authors, list all authors' names in the same order as they appear in the original work. For example: Smith AB, Jones CD, Brown EF. The impact of climate change on biodiversity. Nature. 2020;563(4): 567-580.By following these Endnote style guidelines, authors can ensure that their citations are accurate, consistent, and in line with the standards set by the Science Bulletin English Edition. Proper citation practices not only enhance the credibility of the research but also help readers locate and verify the original sources.篇2Title: Endnote Style for Science Bulletin English EditionIntroduction:In academic writing, proper citation and referencing play a crucial role in ensuring the credibility and reliability of research. Endnote is a reference management software that helps researchers organize their references and automatically generate citations in various styles. In this document, we will provide guidelines on how to use the Endnote style for the Science Bulletin English Edition.Endnote Style for Science Bulletin English Edition:The Science Bulletin English Edition follows the reference style outlined by the American Psychological Association (APA). Therefore, when using Endnote to cite references for the ScienceBulletin English Edition, make sure to select the APA 7th edition style from the citation style options.Here is a step-by-step guide on how to use the Endnote style for the Science Bulletin English Edition:1. Open your EndNote library and navigate to the reference that you want to cite.2. Right-click on the reference and select "Copy Formatted".3. Paste the citation into your manuscript at the appropriate location.4. Make sure to double-check the citation for accuracy and correct formatting.5. Continue adding citations in the same manner throughout your document.In-text citations in the APA style typically include the author(s) and publication year. For example, (Smith, 2021) or (Smith & Jones, 2020).The reference list at the end of your document should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author. Here is an example of how a reference should be formatted in the Endnote style for the Science Bulletin English Edition:Book:Author(s). (Year). Title of book. Publisher.Journal article:Author(s). (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal,Volume(Issue), Page range.Website:Author(s). (Year). Title of webpage. Retrieved from URLConclusion:Proper citation and referencing are essential elements of academic writing, and using a reference management software like Endnote can help streamline the process. By following the guidelines provided in this document, researchers can ensure that their citations and references meet the requirements of the Science Bulletin English Edition and adhere to the APA style.篇3Endnote Style for Science Bulletin English EditionScience Bulletin, as an international peer-reviewed journal, follows a specific endnote style for citations and references in the English edition of the journal. The endnote style is designed toensure consistency and accuracy in citing sources and providing readers with the necessary information to locate the original works.When citing sources in the text, authors should use the author-date system, with the author's last name and the year of publication in parentheses. For example, (Smith, 2019). If there are two authors, the citation should include both names, separated by "&" (Brown & White, 2020). For sources with three or more authors, the citation should include the first author's name followed by "et al." (Taylor et al., 2018).At the end of the manuscript, all cited sources should be listed in alphabetical order by the author's last name. The reference list should include the following information for each source:1. For journal articles:- Author(s) last name, initial(s). (Year). Title of the article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page numbers. DOI or URL.2. For books:- Author(s) last name, initial(s). (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.3. For chapters in edited books:- Author(s) last name, initial(s). (Year). Title of the chapter. In Editor(s) name(s) (Ed.), Title of the book (pp. Page numbers). Publisher.4. For websites:- Author(s) last name, initial(s) or Website Name. (Year). Title of the webpage. Retrieved from URL.5. For unpublished sources:- Author(s) last name, initial(s). (Year). Title of the document. Unpublished manuscript/research paper.Authors should ensure that all sources are accurately cited and that the format follows the endnote style guidelines provided by Science Bulletin. Failure to adhere to the endnote style requirements may result in delays in the publication process or rejection of the manuscript.By following the prescribed endnote style for citation and references, authors can contribute to the integrity and credibility of their research findings and ensure that readers have access to the original sources for further exploration and verification.In conclusion, the endnote style for the Science Bulletin English edition plays a crucial role in maintaining the journal's high standards of academic excellence and ensuring the properattribution of sources. Authors are encouraged to carefully review and adhere to the endnote style guidelines when preparing their manuscripts for submission to Science Bulletin.。

MLA FORMATTING AND STYLE GUIDEThe BasicsMLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. MLA style specifies guidelines for formatting manuscripts and using the English language in writing. MLA style also provides writers with a system for referencing their sources through parenthetical citation in their essays and Works Cited pages.According to MLA style, your paper should be typed and double-spaced; and it should use a legible font like Times New Roman with a standard font size of 12 points. Margins should be set to one inch on all sides, and only one space should be left after periods or other punctuation marks. Other basic aspects of the MLA style are:∙Indent the first line of a paragraph one-half inch from the left margin.∙Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. When putting the page number(header) in the upper right-hand of each page, it should include author's last namefollowed by page number.∙Use italics throughout your essay for the titles of longer works and, only when absolutely necessary, for providing emphasis.∙Do not make a title page for your paper unless specifically requested.∙In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Again, be sure to use double-spaced text. (See example below.)**Please note: this guide has been updated to reflect the changes of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th Edition (2009).**Citing the Most Common SourcesAuthors∙An item with more than three authors can be listed by the first author's name, followed by a comma and then the Latin abbreviation et al. (Penner, Jane N., et al.).Titles∙Capitalize all important words – first word of the title, first word of the subtitle (right after the colon), and all major words. Do not capitalize words such as: a, an, the, against, between, in, of, to, and, but, for, and so, unless they are the first word of the title orsubtitle.∙Whole book titles are in italics while article or chapter titles are put in “quotation marks.”∙Leave out initial articles from titles of newspapers, magazines, and journals (Lancet, not The Lancet, New York Times, not The New York Times).∙Titles of books are taken from the title page (first printed page of the book) and not from the cover. If the title on the title page starts wit h any of the initial articles “A,” “An,” or “The,” include it in your citation but be sure to alphabetize by the second word.Dates∙For books, just use the year.∙For newspaper and magazines articles, use Day Month Year format (17 July 2007).Abbreviations∙Abbreviate all months except for May, June, and July.∙University Press in the name of a publisher may be shortened to UP.Page numbers∙Do not put p. or pp. when citing page numbers.∙Show page numbers as completely as you can (you will need to view the PDF version to find complete pagination information for some articles). Some databases will have article citations that only give the first page number, in which case put a “+” after the start page (67+).BooksThere are four parts to each reference: (1) author, (2) title, (3) publication information, and (4) medium of access. Each part is followed by a period and one space.One AuthorLa Naour, Jean-Yves. The Living Unknown Soldier: A Story of Grief and the Great War. New York: Metropolitan, 2004. Print.Two or Three AuthorsMcClendon, Ruth, and Leslie Kadis. Reconciling Relationships and Preserving the Family Business: Tools for Success. New York: Haworth, 2004. Print.Edited BookKinkead, Joyce A., and Jeanette Harris, eds. Writing Centers in Context: Twelve Case Studies.Urbana: NCTE, 1993. Print.Electronic BooksTreat electronic books like a print book for the author, title, publisher, and date information, and add “Web” for web access.One AuthorBaker, Jim. Lawful Order: A Case Study of Correctional Crisis and Reform. New York: Garland, 1998. NetLibrary. Genesee Com. Coll. Lib., NY. Web. 4 Aug. 2004.Edited BookYoungblood-Coleman, Denise and Mary Ann Azevedo, eds. Burundi 2007 Country Review: Political Conditions. Houston, TX: CountryWatch, Inc., 2007. CountryWatch.. Genessee Com. Coll. Lib., NY. Web. 27 July 2007.Periodical Articles in PrintReferences for periodicals, like those for books, have four major parts: (1) author, (2) title, (3) publication information, and (4) medium of access, each followed by a period.Newspaper ArticleJames, Caryn. “Adding the Power of TV to the Power of the Printed Page.” New York Times 21 Nov. 1996, late ed.: C15. Print.Magazine ArticleUpdike, John. “Colonoscopy.” Poetry July/Aug. 2006: 289. Print.Article in a Scholarly Journal That Uses Only Issue NumbersDressler, William W., and James R. Bnidon. “The Health Consequences of Cultural Consonance: Cultural Dimensions of Lifestyle, Social Support, and Arterial Blood Pressure in anAfrican American Community.” American Anthropologist 102 (2000): 244-60. Print.Article in a Scholarly Journal with More Than One SeriesMeuter, Matthew L., et al. “Self-Service Technologies: Understanding Customer Satisfaction with Technology- Based Service Encounters.” Journal of Marketing 64.3 (2000): 50-66.Print.Internet SourcesThe basic format for citing an Internet source is:Author, “Title of Article or Page Within a W ebsite.” Name of Website or Database. Name of Organization Responsible for the Website. Publication date (or last update). Web. Access date.Note 1: Any one website may not provide all of the listed items; you can’t put what you don’t have – use the MLA abbreviations for any missing information [N.p.= No publisher, N.pag.= No page number, and n.d. = no date given].Note 2: Begin a citation with the author's name. If no author is given, begin the citation with the title of the web page or name of the website. (The first example below shows an entry fora page without an author.)Note 3: Leave out the name of the organization responsible for the website if it is the same as the name of the website or database.Note 4: No URL needs to be given, simply “Web” as the medium of access.Citing an Entire WebsiteThe Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, 2008.Web. 2 Jan. 2013.Maguire, Sharon. “Training Your New Puppy or Dog.” Dog Breed Info Center. 2007. Web. 16 Feb. 2007.Citing a Page on a Website“How to Make Vegetarian Chili.” eHow. Demand Media, n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2013.Quade, Alex. “Elite Team Rescues Troops behind Enemy Lines.” . Cable News Network, 19 Mar. 2007. Web. 14 May 2008.Article from an Online DatabaseLanghamer, Claire. “Love and Courtship in Mid-Twentieth-Century England.” Historical Journal 50.1 (2007): 173-96. ProQuest. Web. 2 Jan. 2013.Article in an Electronic JournalMorken, Gunnar, and Olav M. Linaker. “Seasonal Variations of Violence in Norway.” American Journal of Psychiatry 157 (2000): 1674-1678. Web. 20 July 2007.Images/Works of Art Accessed OnlineCurrin, John. Blond Angel.2001. Indianapolis Museum of Art. IMA: It’s My Art. Web. 2 Jan.2013.Lange, Dorothea. The Migrant Mother. 1936. Prints and Photographs Div., Lib. of Cong.Dorothea Lange: Photographer of the People. Web. 2 Jan. 2013.Film/Video Recording Accessed OnlineThe Great Train Robbery. Dir. Edward Porter. Thomas Edison, 1903. Internet Archive. Web. 5 June 2008.Parenthetical (In-Text) CitationThe MLA style of parenthetical citation includes the author’s last name and page number(s). Parenthetical citations do not include the word "page" or "pages" or the abbreviations "p." or "pp."— just the page numbers.Direct Quotations and ParaphrasesA page number is always included, whether material is copied word for word (presented in quotation marks) or paraphrased (presented in your own words, without quotation marks) from a source. If an electronic source does not provide page numbers, leave them out. Some electronic sources (e.g., General OneFile) will include a PDF version of the text. If so, use the page number from the PDF version of the document.In in-text citations, give the author's last name and the page number of the source within the sentence (before the period). For in-text citations that occur after long quoted material that is indented, the citation comes after the sentence and after the period.Work with One Authora.) Dust plays a larger role in our lives than we realize (Holmes 5).ORb.) Holmes points out that, “between 1 and 3 billion tons of desert dust fly up into the skyannually” (5).Work with Two or Three Authorsa.) Many changes occurred during the Renaissance (Kerrigan and Smith 57).ORb.) Kerrigan and Smith found that many changes occurred during the Renaissance (57). If a source is not listed here, or if you have questions, you can find more information in the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th ed., 2009). One is available at the main desk of the Cannon Memorial library. Help is also available at the SLU’s online library at/citation-help.html, or you can visit the MLA website at .Stephanie LucykProfessor CarterENG 0024 January 2005Plastic GirlsAsk a child who the president of the United States is, and you are bound to get a multitude of replies ranging from the accurate to the hysterical. Ask a child who Barbie is, and you are sure to a get…Works Cited“Babes in Toyland…What’s a Feminist Mom to Do?” Herizons 31 Jan. 1997. Web. 9 Dec.2004.“Barbie in the Nineties.” Barbie: The Image of Us All. Web. 20 Nov. 2004.Borger, Gloria. “B arbie’s Newest Values.” US News and World Report 1 Dec. 1997: 40. Print. Cunningham, Kamy. “Barbie Doll Culture and the American Waistland.” Symbolic Interaction16.1 (1993): 79-83. Print.McQuade, Donald, and Christine McQuade. “Figuring the Body.” Seeing and Writing. Eds.Donald McQuade and Christine McQuade. Boston: Bedford, 2000. 230-321. Print. Norton, Kevin I., et a l. “Ken and Barbie at Life Size.” Sex Roles 34 (1996): 287-94. Print. Rand, Erica. Barbie’s Queer Accessories. Durham: Duke UP, 1995. Print.Rogers, Mary F. Barbie Culture. London: Sage, 1999. Print.Saltzberg, Elayne, and Joan C. Chrisler. “The pursuit of the Perfect Female Body.” Women: A Feminist Perspective. Ed. Jo Freeman. Mountain View: Mayfield, 1993. 301-17. Print. “The Secret Lives of Barbie: Bad Girl.” ABC News. 30 Oct. 2002. Web. 2 Dec. 2004.“The Secret Lives of Barbie: Career Girl.” ABC News. 30 Oct. 2002. Web. 2 Dec. 2004.This guide was modified by the Saint Leo University Instructional Design Department according toThe Academic Writing Guide to Good English, Custom Edition, with the MLA Handbook for Writers of ResearchPapers, Seventh Edition, using examples.。