TPO12阅读详细分析及答案

正确答案：B解析：regard“尊重，视为，关心”，所以B的consider视为正确。

本句提到尽管有了很多东西，但没有像watershed的。

前面的innovation和后面的watershed 是一类词，所以是“被视为”是正确答案。

Q2正确答案：A解析：第一句有the most important transformation，与题干关键词表达的意思相同。

提到从无声电影到有声电影是最重要的development，所以A正确。

Q3正确答案：D解析：paradox“矛盾，悖论，自相矛盾”的话，所以D的contradictions矛盾正确。

原句说这个基本的standard掩盖了一个什么，后句说无声电影时代也有钢琴或者其他乐器跟电影一起出演，也就不是完全静默，所以paradox应该是矛盾。

Q4正确答案：C解析：修辞目的题，先看所在的句子，提到那时候的spectator会听到很多aural presentation，接着就说from…to…，也就是说这两个都是aural presentation，所以答案是C。

Q5正确答案：A解析：以Eisenstein做关键词定位至最后一句，说在柏林，电影导演才第一次与一个作曲家合作，所以答案是A。

B没提到，原文只提到柏林的演出带来了international fame，没提到之前unpopular；C的first collaboration未提及；D的“一样重要”也未提及。

Q6正确答案：A解析：overshadow“遮阴，使失去色彩”，所以distract“困扰，使分心”正确。

over“在……之上”，shadow“影子，荫凉”。

所以整个词就是“遮阴”之意。

Q7正确答案：A解析：以A的cost定位至倒数第二句，但high和low是相反的，而且原文没有提到only innovation that was put to use in the 1920s，所以A错误，可选；B的other technological innovation定位至第一句，正确，不选；C的color和screen定位至第二句，正确，不选；D的1950s定位至最后一句话，正确，不选。

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO12综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO12综合写作阅读原文文本： Jane Austen (1775-1817) is one of the most famous of all English novelists, and today her novels are more popular than ever, with several recently adapted as Hollywood movies. But we do not have many records of what she looked like. For a long time, the only accepted image of Austen was an amateur sketch of an adult Austen made by her sister Cassandra. However recently a professionally painted, full-length portrait of a teenage girl owned by a member of the Austen family has come up for sale. Although the professional painting is not titled Jane Austen, there are good reasons to believe she is the subject. First, in 1882, several decades after Austen's death, Austen's family gave permission to use the portrait as an illustration in an edition of her letters. Austen's family clearly recognized it as a portrait of the author. So, for over a century now, the Austen family itself has endorsed the claim that the girl in the portrait is Jane Austen. Second, the face in the portrait clearly resembles the one in Cassandra's sketch, which we know depicts Austen. Though somewhat amateurish, the sketch communicates definite details about Austen's face. Even though the Cassandra sketch is of an adult Jane Austen, the features are still similar to those of the teenage girl in the painting. The eyebrows, nose, mouth, and overall shape of the face are very much like those in the full-length portrait. Third, although the painting is unsigned and undated, there is evidence that it was painted when Austen was a teenager. The style links it to Ozias Humphrey, a society portrait painter who was the kind of professional the wealthy Austen family would hire. Humphrey was active in the late 1780s and early 1790s, exactly the period when Jane Austen was the age of the girl in the painting. 托福TPO12综合写作听力原文文本： Professor：The evidence linking this portrait to Jane Austen is not at all convincing. Sure, the painting has long been somewhat loosely connected to Austen's extended family and their descendants, but this hardly proves it's a portrait of Jane Austen as a teenager. The reading's arguments that the portrait is of Austen are questionable at best.First, when the portrait was authorized for use in the 1882 publication of her letters, Jane Austen had been dead for almost 70 years. So the family members who asserted that the painting was Jane had never actually seen her themselves. They couldn't have known for certain if the portrait was of Austen or not.Second, the portrait could very well be that of a relative of Austen's, a fact that would explain the resemblance between its subject and that of Cassandra's sketch. The extended Austen family was very large and many of Jane Austen's female cousins were teenagers in the relevant period or had children who were teenagers. And some of these teenage girls could have resembled Jane Austen. In fact, many experts believe that the truesubject of the portrait was one of those relatives, Marianne Kempian,who was a distant niece of Austen's.Third, the painting has been attributed to Humphrey only because of the style. But other evidence points to a later date. A stamp on the back of the picture indicates that the blank canvas, you know the actual piece of cloth on which the picture was painted, was sold by a man named William Legg. Record showed that William Legg did not sell canvases in London when Jane Austen was a teenager. He only started selling canvases when she was 27 years old. So it looks like the canvas was used for the painting at a time hen Austen was clearly older than the girl in the portrait. 托福TPO12综合写作满分范文： The reading passage suggests that three pieces of evidence provide support that a portrait recently commissioned for sale by a member of Jane Austen’s family is of Jane Austen herself when she was a teenager. However, the lecturer rejects such evidence and argues that the painting could not be a portrait of Jane Austen. First, the lecturer argues that the portrait was approved for publication by the Austen family 70 years after Jane Austen’s death, suggesting that members of her extended family might have published the portrait without having actually seen her in person. Therefore. the fact that the portrait had been endorsed by her family members does not necessarily prove that it is a portrait of Jane Austen. Second, the lecturer argues that the resemblance between the portrait and an authentic sketch of the adult Jane Austen could be explained by the hypothesis that the portrait is of a relative of Jane Austen when the relative was a teenager. Finally, the lecturer argues that despite the style of the painting, which links it to the exact period when Jane Austen was a teenager, the stamp on the back of the canvas suggests that the portrait was painted at least 27 years after Jane Austen’s birth, indicating that the portrait was of someone else who was much older than the teenage Jane Austen. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO12综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

托福考试 复习托福阅读TPO12(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Which Hand Did They Use?托福阅读原文We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was right-handed, and vice versa. Even though the paint was often sprayed on by mouth, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand. Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.Cave art furnishes other types of evidence of this phenomenon. Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush. In the few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it is mostly, though not always, in the righthand.Clues to right-handedness can also be found by other methods. Right-handers tend to have longer, stronger, and more muscular bones on the right side, and Marcellin Boule as long ago as 1911 noted the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton had a right upper arm bone that was noticeably stronger than the left. Similar observations have been made on other Neanderthal skeletons such as La Ferrassie I and Neanderthal itself.Fractures and other cut marks are another source of evidence. Right-handed soldiers tend to be wounded on the left. The skeleton of a 40- or 50-year-old Nabatean warrior, buried 2,000 years ago in the Negev Desert, Israel, had multiple healed fractures to the skull, the left arm, and the ribs.Tools themselves can be revealing. Long-handed Neolithic spoons of yew wood preserved in Alpine villages dating to 3000 B.C. have survived; the signs of rubbing on their left side indicate that their users were right-handed. The late Ice Age rope found in the French cave of Lascaux consists of fibers spiraling to the right, and was therefore tressed by a righthander.Occasionally one can determine whether stone tools were used in the right hand or the left, and it is even possible to assess how far back this feature can be traced. In stone tool making experiments, Nick Toth, aright-hander, held the core (the stone that would become the tool) in his left hand and the hammer stone in his right. As the tool was made, the core was rotated clockwise, and the flakes, removed in sequence, had a little crescent of cortex (the core's outer surface) on the side. Toth's knapping produced 56 percent flakes with the cortex on the right, and 44 percent left-oriented flakes. A left-handed toolmaker would produce the opposite pattern. Toth has applied these criteria to the similarly made pebble tools from a number of early sites (before 1.5 million years) at Koobi Fora, Kenya, probably made by Homo habilis. At seven sites he found that 57 percent of the flakes were right-oriented, and 43 percent left, a pattern almost identical to that produced today.About 90 percent of modern humans are right-handed: we are the only mammal with a preferential use of one hand. The part of the brain responsible for fine control and movement is located in the left cerebral hemisphere, and the findings above suggest that the human brain was already asymmetrical in its structure and function not long after 2 million years ago. Among Neanderthalers of 70,000–35,000 years ago, Marcellin Boule noted that the La Chapelle-aux-Saints individual had a left hemisphere slightly bigger than the right, and the same was found for brains of specimens from Neanderthal, Gibraltar, and La Quina.托福阅读试题1.The phrase “assisted in” in the passage(Paragraph 1)is closest in meaning toA.initiatedB. dominatedC. helped withD.setup2.It canbe inferred from paragraph 1 that even when paint was sprayed by mouth to make a hand stencilA.there was no way to tell which hand was stenciledB.the stenciled hand was the weaker handC.the stenciled hand was the dominant handD.artists stenciled more images of the dominant hand than they did of the weak3.The phrase “depicted” in the passage(Paragraph 2)is closest in meaning toA.identifiedB.revealedC.picturedD.imagined4.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential informationin the highlighted sentence in the passage(Paragraph 2)? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Right-handed artists could more easily have avoided casting shadows on their work, because engravings in prehistoric caves were lit from the left.B.The tips of engraving tools and brushes indicate that these instruments were used by right-handed artists whose work was lit from the left.C.The best lighting for most engravings suggests that they were made by right-handed people trying to avoid the shadow of their hands interfering with their work.D.Right-handed artists try to avoid having the brush they are using interfere with the light source.5.All of the following are mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 as evidence of right-handedness in art and artists EXCEPTA. the ideal source of lighting for most engravingsB. the fact that a left hand stenciled palm upward might look like a right handC. the prevalence of outlines of left handsD. figures in prehistoric art holding objects with the right hand6.According to paragraph 3, the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton can be identified as right-handed becauseA.other Neanderthal skeletons found nearby are also right-handedB.the right arm bone is stronger than the leftC.it is similar to skeletons of La Ferrassie I and NeanderthalD. the right side of the skeleton shows less evidence of fractures7.Which of the following statements about fractures and cut marks can be inferred from paragraph 4?A.Fractures and cut marks caused by right-handed soldiers tend to occur on the right side of the injured party's body.B. The right arm sustains more injuries because, as the dominant arm, it is used more actively.C.In most people, the left side of the body is more vulnerable to injury since it is not defended effectively by the dominant arm.D.Fractures and cut marks on fossil humans probably occurred after death.8.According to paragraph 5, what characteristic of a Neolithic spoon would imply that the spoon's owner was right-handed?A.The direction of the fibersB.Its long handleC.The yew wood it is carved fromD.Wear on its left side9.In paragraph 5, why does the author mention the Ice Age rope found in the French cave of Lascaux?A.As an example of an item on which the marks of wear imply that it was used by a right-handed personB.Because tressing is an activity that is easier for a right-handed person than for a left-handed personC.Because the cave of Lascaux is the site where researchers have found several prehistoric tools made for right-handed peopleD.As an example of an item whose construction shows that it was right handed made by a right-person10.The word “criteria” in the passage(Paragraph 6)is closest in meaning toA. standardsB. findingsC.ideasD.techniques11.What was the purpose of Toth's tool making experiment described in paragraph 6?A.To shape tools that could be used by either handB. To produce replicas of early tools for display in museumsC.To imitate the production of pebble tools from early sitesD.To determine which hand made the early tools12.What is the author's primary purpose in paragraph 7?A.To illustrate the importance of studying the brainB.To demonstrate that human beings are the only mammal to desire fine control of movementC.To contrast the functions of the two hemispheres of the brainD.To demonstrate that right-hand preference has existed for a long time13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? The stencils of hands found in these shelters and caves allow us to draw conclusions about which hand was dominant.We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? ■【A】Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. ■【B】When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was right-handed, and vice versa. ■【C】Even though the paint was often sprayed on by mouth, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand. ■【D】Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of thepassage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Several categories of evidence indicate that people have always been predominantly right-handedA.Stencils of right-handed figures are characteristic of cave art in France, Spain, and Tasmania.B.Signs on the skeletal remains of prehistoric figures, including arm-bone size and injury marks, imply that these are the remains of right-handed people.C.Instruments such as spoons, ropes, and pebble tools show signs that indicate they were used or constructed by right-handed people.D.The amount of prehistoric art created by right-handed artists indicates that left-handed people were in the minority.E.Neanderthal skeletons often have longer finger bones in the right hand, which is evidence that the right hand was stronger.F.Nick Toth, a modem right-handed toolmaker. has shown that prehistoric tools were knapped to fit the right hand.托福阅读答案1.assist in帮助，所以C的help with是正确答案。

TPO12阅读详细分析及答案WHICH HAND DID THEY USE1. assist in帮助，所以C的help with是正确答案。

原句说尽管piant通常是靠嘴来spray的，但dominant hand起到了什么作用，帮忙作用，所以C正确。

A的initiate和D的set up都有开始，建立之意，两者相似，且跟文章无关，都错；B的dominate 和文章相反，前面已经有一个dominant了2.以mouth和hand stencil做关键词定位至倒数第二和第三句，说dominant hand是帮忙的；最后一句又说136是左手22是右手，通过具体数字说明左手比较主要，所以B是答案；注意B和C 是一对相反答案，所以C错，A说不知道哪个主要也就错；D没说3. depict描述，所以C的pictured正确，picture作名词图片大家都知道，作动词与原来名词的意思相关，所以是描述。

原句说在为数不多的情况当中，figure被怎么样拿着东西，imagine 想象，而原文的意思是真的拿着东西，所以imagine不对；reveal揭露和identify都表示从无到有的意思，不对4.先将长句拆开，who后面的从句整个是对前面的人的修饰；主干部分就是engraving是从左边lit的。

A选项的因果关系原文没有，所以错；B将原句的主干换成了从句，同时将原文的从句换成了主干，改变了原文的结构，错；C正确，只是将原句的被动换成了主动；D完全改变了原文的结构，错5. EXCEPT题，排除法，A的engraving做关键词定位至第二段第二句，正确，不选；B对应第一段第三句，但这个不是right-handedness的原因，所以这个选项不对，选；C的prevalence 和left hand定位至第一段最后一句，正确，不选；D的定位至第二段最后一句，正确，不选6.以La做关键词定位至倒数第二句，noticeably stronger，答案B正确，A和C都有提到，但都不是La被认定为right-handedness的原因，所以不选，D没说7.以fractures and other cut marks做关键词定位至第一句，但第一句信息太少，往下看，说右撇子士兵伤在左侧，所以正确答案是C。