input and ineraction and second language acquisition

Daught:dad is no girl. He is a big boy. Mother: that”s right Mothers tend to respond only to the content value of the child’s speech and pay little atterntion to its formal correctness Naturally,the study of caretaker talk leads to the study of the role of input and பைடு நூலகம்nteraction in SLA
Input and interaction
contents
Terminology Input and interaction in L1acquisition Effects of input and interaction on SLA Criticism of the interaction hypothesis
instruction
instruction
Input (i+1)
Effects of input and interaction on SLA
The section introduces some of the major hypothesis worthy of our attention. The frequency hypothesis The vertical constructions The learning of formulaic sequences The interaction hypothesis
Terminology
read the following dialogue Clerk: yes sir, may I help you? L2learners: yes , I’m looking for… for one of those electric things that cut the beard Clerk: oh, yes, you mean a shaver. The dialogue you have with the clerk is an instance of L2interaction.it takes place between in a native speaker (NS) and a non-native speaker (NNS)

1.Nature of input modifications 输入修正的本质
Characteristics of foreigner talk 外国式谈话(5.1)
1、简单高频的词汇和短语； 2、 长时间的停顿； 3、放慢语调； 4、清晰发音； 5、声音大； 6、强调重点单词； 7、简化的语法结构； 8、主题化； 9、句法规律； 10、保留词组的形态
Modification of written input(5.2)
频繁的组织记号，例如大标题和链接； 清晰的主旨句； 强调中心句和同义词； 迅速列出重点； 细化和展开文化背景； 图表；规则；理解核实
5.2Modification of written input
2.Nature of interactional modification语言互动 修正的本质
Input and interaction
语言的输入与互动
The role of input
Language input to the learner is absolutely necessary for both L1 and L2 learning. Chapter 3 Krashen's Monitor Model considers comprehensible input not only necessary but sufficient to account for SLA. In this chapter, some researchers claim the nature and role of input and interaction in acquisition. Let's see them. 语言的输入对一语二语都是绝对必要的。第三章克拉申的监控假说 就认为理解性的输入对于二语习得来说是必要又充分的。本章节一 些研究者就解释了二语习得中输入和互动的本质与作用。

that language is organized in such a way that it crucially depends on the structural relationships between elements in a sentence (such as words, morphemes, etc.) Examples: (a) She bought a new car yesterday. (b) (My friend) bought a new car yesterday. (c) (The friend that I met in America last year) bought a new car yesterday. (d) (The friend I am closest to and who was so supportive when I lost my job two years ago) bought a new car yesterday. 79+
eg. watashiwa Nihonjin desu
第二语言习得的调查以参数的重新设定为主。例如说日语的人学英语就得重新设 定’中心参数’,使之从‘中心词为后’,调整至’中心词为先’。 79xx
Second Language Acquisition
UG principle The principle of structure-dependency（结构依存关系）which states
Second Language Acquisition
Implicit learning is coming to learn the underlying structure of a complex stimulus environment by a process which takes place naturally, simply and without conscious operations. Explicit learning is a more conscious operation where the individual makes and tests hypotheses.

interaction hypothesis 语言学
Interaction Hypothesis是由加拿大语言学家Michael Long提出的一种关于第二语言习得的理论。

该理论认为，通过与母语人士进行交互，学习第二语言的效果会更好。

具体来说，当学习者与母语人士进行一定程度的交流时，他们会通过适应性输入和负反馈等方式感知和纠正自己的语言错误，从而提高语言水平。

Interaction Hypothesis的核心思想是，语言学习最好的方式是通过实际交流和互动来进行。

与母语人士的交流可以提供学习者更直接、更真实的语言环境，帮助他们更好地理解和掌握目标语言。

同时，与母语人士的交流也能帮助学习者更好地应对日常生活中的语言交流场景，提高语言运用的实用性。

Interaction Hypothesis的理论基础是Krashen的输入假说。

该假说认为，语言习得的关键在于输入的理解度和可获得性。

Interaction Hypothesis则将这一理论应用到了实际交流中，认为只有在真实的交流环境中，学习者才能获得适宜的输入，并通过自然的交流方式进行语言习得。

总之，Interaction Hypothesis强调了与母语人士的实际交流对于语言学习的重要性，并提出通过与母语人士的交流来提高语言水平的方法。