模拟题一Read carefully the following excerpt on Historical Debate on Animal Experimentation, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should1.summarize the main message of the excerpt, and thenment on whether we should use animals for experimentation purpose or notYou should support yourself with information from the excerpt。
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marksHistorical Debate on Animal ExperimentationAs the experimentation on animals increased, especially the practice of vivisection, so did criticism and controversy. In 1655，the advocate of Galenic physiology Edmund O’Meara said tha t "the miserable torture of vivisection places the body in an unnatural state.”O'Meara and others argued that animal physiology could be affected by pain during vivisection, rendering results unreliable. There were also objections on an ethical basis, contending that the benefit to humans did not justify the harm to animals. Early objections to animal testing also came from another angle--many people believed that animals were inferior to humans and so different that results from animals could not be applied tohumans.On the other side of the debate, those in favor of animal testing held that experiments on animals were necessary to advance medical and biological knowledge. Claude Bernard-----who is sometimes known as the "prince of vivisectors " and the father of physiology, and whose wife, Marie Francoise Martin, founded the first anti-vivisection society in France in 1883 -----famously wrote in 1865 that "the science of life is a superb and dazzlingly lighted hall which may be reached only by passing through a long and ghastly kitchen". Arguing that "experiments on animals…are entirely conclusive for the toxicology and hygiene of man... the effects of these substances are the same on man as on animals, save for differences in degree", Bernard established animal experimentation as part of the standard scientific method.模拟题二Read carefully the following excerpt on first-tier cities livability in China, and then write your response in no less than 200 words, in which you should1.summarize the main message of the excerpt, and thenment on whether young people should choose the first-tier cities as their dwelling placeYou should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization, language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marksFirst-tier Cities Are Barely LivableMost first-tier cities in China are barely suitable for living due to their poor ecological environment, despite rapid economic development and preferential regulations for investment, said a newly released report by a top Chinese think tank on SundayFirst-tier cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, failed to make the list of habitable cities even though they are in the top 10 in terms of commercial advantages, unification of city and countryside, and culture development, according to a report on China’s urban competitiveness from the National Academy of Economic Strategy under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing ranks best in terms of academic resources and intellectual atmosphere, second-best in business environment and sustainability, and third in cultural industry. But it dropped to 74th and 119th in habitable and ecological environment, the report saidHuang Hui, a 27-year-old software engineer from Beijing, said he found the report objective". "Beijing has the best medical, academic resources compared with other cities, but it's not necessarily the best choice when it comes to being habitable, "he said.I’m proud of the cultural diversification in the city，but it’s a pity that Beijing sacrifices the most basic essentials，air and water，simply in exchange for all the rapid development.”In the past decade, there have been mounting problems in cities nationwide, including traffic jams, housing tension and food safety issuesHowever, many first-tier cities, despite their outstanding competitiveness, are barely people-oriented and hardly satisfactory in ecological protection, LI said.High housing prices have become the main reason that some cities are increasingly uninhabitable". With other reasons including poor air quality and traffic congestion, he said.According to the report, livability is the primary and most basic function of a city and plays a key role in upgrading urban competitiveness.模拟题三Read carefully the following excerpt on overseas study in an early age among Chinese students, and then write your response in no less than 200 words, in which you should1.summarize the main message of the excerpt, and thenment on whether Chinese students should study abroad at a younger ageYou should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.More Students Choose to Study AbroadIndustry experts pointed out that there is a prevailing trend of Chinese students studying overseas at a younger age.This trend is reflected in the fact that the number of Chinese students sitting the college entrance exam is in a downward trendIn Beijing, it is the fifth year in a row that the numbers have fallen. About 76, 000students signed up to take the exam this year, down 6 percent from a year earlier, marking the lowest ever application level, according to Beijing Education Examination Authority.So, what is behind the lowering age of overseas Chinese students?First, going abroad is an alternative to the national college entrance exam, which has long been described as a stampede of "thousands of soldiers and tens of thousands of horses across a single log bridge”.“The enormous pressure will definitely harm a child’s physical and mental health, and I don’t think it's worthwhile that all the hard work goes into a one-time exam,” he added.Lu Jun, a senior consultant at Chivast Education International Co. which is the first approved intermediary agency by the Ministry of Education, said most Chinese parent firmly believe that the younger their children go abroad, the sooner they get accustomed to the local cultural and social environmentStudying abroad can cultivate young students to be more independent and more adaptable to new environments. These abilities will help them in job-hunting in the future, said LuIn the next decade, the population of China's middle class will reach some 400 million from its current 150 million, according to the Boston Consulting Group forecast.模拟题四Read carefully the following excerpt on job-hopping, and then write your response in no less than 200 words, in which you should1.summarize the main message of the excerpt, and thenment on whether job-hopping is a good thing.You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Is Job-hopping a Good Thing?Changing jobs every couple of years is the new norm among Chinese graduates. A survey conducted by Peking University and Ganji. com, the leader of domestic classified websites, shows that nearly half of young graduates born after 1990 plan to stick to their first jobs for only one year“I see no reason to remain loyal to an employer who doesn’t reciprocate. I want stability, but I'm not willing to waste 5 years of my life working for a company when I have no opportunity of advancement, low pay, a poor environment, and zero benefits. If companies want us to stick around, they have to give us a reason to stay.“Job-hopping is good, maybe for the person since it gives him the chance to enhance his skills in different jobs. It also helps him search for the job he really likes and develops the knowledge of such a job.”I think job-hopping is necessary for people who are ambitious and want to have a bright future. It's especially very popular among young people if they think they cannot get any prospects of opportunity, promotion and fair treatment like salary or Position. Yes, if it is the case, I think it's the time for them to change to another job. As for me, I prefer to quit my Job to find another job, since the salary is not enough even to support my family. And my boss doesn't treat me well so I have no loyalty to this company.”模拟题五Read carefully the following excerpt on the effects of part-time jobs on students, and then write your response in no less than 200 words, in which you should1.summarize the main message of the excerpt, and thenment on whether college students should have part-time jobs in their college days.You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.The Effects of Part-time Jobs on StudentsWhile academics are the main focus of college students, many will also spend their college years in part-time employment. In the report "Student Employment and Higher Education: Empiricism and Contradiction”, members of the American Educational Research Association reported that more than 50 percent of students attending four-year colleges work part time. The reasons for working may vary ---earning funds for tuition or spending money ----but many benefits exist beyond the paycheck Classroom learning is important, but the culture of workplaces and offices is hard to impart within the classroom. Holding down a regular position outside the classroom will allow students to gain firsthand experience in office culture and politics, which will be helpful upon graduation and their first full-time jobIn today's weak economy, it is even more crucial for students to make as many valuable connections as possible. Working part time for a campus office or off-campus organization will allow students to network outside their social circles, giving them valuable recommendations and contacts for their full-time job search.Many on-campus part-time jobs will give students an opportunity to learn administrative skills, such as phone and email etiquette, office electronics troubleshooting and meeting manners. Gaining such skills while in school will place a student-employee ahead of the curve when they enter the full-time workforce.模拟题六Read carefully the following excerpt on people’s arguments on pros and cons of advertising, and then write your response in no less than 200 words, in which you should1.summarize the main message of the excerpt, and thenment on the debate and give your ideasYou should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Pros and Cons of AdvertisingAdvertising has always been a controversial issue. Some people contend that advertising has positive impacts on society while others think it also has negative influences. The following are some of the supporters' and opponents opinions.“Daily life needs advertisements because the main function of advertising is to disseminate information on commodities, services, culture, employment, student enrollment and even marriage.”“Advertisements can help people save a lot of time in shopping, looking for jobs, etc.”“Advertisements enable us to know more alternatives while purchasing a particular item and enjoy more satisfactory and reliable services.”While opposing voices can also be heard as follows:“Advertisements sometimes mislead consumers with exaggerated and dishonest claims and provide false information. Fake advertising cheats consumers and, in some serious cases, threaten people s lives.”People are more easily bombarded by various advertisements on the Internet, and they are so inundated with banner ads and spam email that they have begun to ignore internet advertising just as much as ads on traditional media. Sometimes, some virus brought by online ads will not only bring risks to the system of computer, worse still, some unhealthy advertisements would exert negative influences on people psychologicall y.”“One disadvantage of advertising on the Internet is that your marketing materials are automatically available for anyone in the world to copy, regardless of the legal ramifications. Logos, images and trademarks can be copied and used for commercial purposes, or even to slander or mock your company.”模拟题七Read carefully the following excerpt on idol worship among young people in China, and then write your response in no less than 200 words, in which you should1.summarize the main message of the excerpt, and thenment on the phenomenon of die-hard fans of “little fresh flesh”.You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Idol WorshipThe heated topics that dominate Sina Weibo are mostly related to celebrities, especially updates on the "little fresh flesh "stars like Wu Yifan, a pop icon and young actor in China, who are followed by hundreds of millions of fans.“I think it is like everyone has faith in a certain thing, which can be a brand or an item that they admire, "she said.She added that fans also have a vanity in that they want their idol to be stronger, more popular and better supported than others.“Fans would repost and li ke the posts of their idols because everyone hopes their faith will be acknowledged and supported by more people, "she explained. “ It is natural that whenever others deem your faith wrong, you would feel as if you are being attacked and repudiated.”She dislikes the title "brain-damaged fans, " which is used to describe some fans who go to extreme about their stars.“Others may view fans with glasses of color. They believe it is insane and unreasonable for a person to be excited about a stranger, "she said.“But in fact, celebrity worship is the same as a hobby. Fans can feel happy and empowered from their hobby. Collectors are brain-damaged fans of antiques. For young people, what excites them are usually celebrities.”Miss Wang said most of the die-hard fans of these "little fresh flesh" are students who have a plenty of spare me, and about 99 percent are girls. She expects their celebrity worship will fade as soon as they graduate and go into the working world.模拟题八Read carefully the following excerpt on safety of genetically modified food, and then write your response in no less than 200 words, in which you should1.summarize the main message of the excerpt, and thenment on whether we should advocate genetically modified food or not..You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Genetically Modified Food: Are They Safe?Two years ago in Edinburgh, Scotland, eco--vandals stormed a field, crushing canola plants. Last year in Maine, midnight raiders hacked down more than 3,000 experimental popular trees, And in San Diego, protesters smashed sorghum and sprayed paint over greenhouse walls.This far-flung outrage took aim at genetically modified crops. But the protests backfired: all the destroyed plants were conventionally bred. In each case, activists mistook ordinary plants for GM varieties.It's easy to understand why. In a way, GM crops ----now on some 109 million acres of farmland worldwide ----are invisible. You can’t see, taste or touch a gene inserted into a plant or sense its effects on the environment, You can’t tell, just by looking, whether pollen containing a foreign gene can poison butterflies or fertilize plants miles away. That invisibility is precisely what worries people. How, exactly, will GM crops affect the environment----and when will we notice?Advocates of GM, or transgenic, crops say the plants will benefit the environment by requiring fewer toxic pesticides than conventional crops. But critics fear the potential risks and wonder how big the benefits really are. "We have so many questions about these plants, "remarks Guenther Stotzky, a soil microbiologist at New York University. “There’s a lot we don't know and need to find out.”As GM crops multiply in the landscape, unprecedented numbers of researchers have started fanning into the fields to get the missing information. Some of their recent findings are reassuring; others suggest a need for vigilance.模拟题一参考范文For many people the issue of using animals for science is black and white: either pro-animal rights, or very much in favor of using animals since we are the highest level creature.After analyzing the two contrasting viewpoints，we can summarize them as follows. Some people say that using animals in experiment is of great value and can promote the advance of medical science which is significant to the whole society. Others, however, deem that this behavior is not only inhuman but also forbidden by law. In addition, the research finding got by using animals in experimentation may be inappropriate and unreliable.As for me, I think both of them have some points, but we should never go to extremes. On the one hand, some higher-level animals share with us feelings, thoughts and behaviors and so we should look after them and respect them. If we are so unsure about the effects of a drug, then we should do further chemical testing before doing live and cruel animal testing. After all, few people are inherently cruel, and it is much more acceptable to test the drugs on a monkey than on a person. In short, being cruel for the sake of being cruel and with no tangible results to show for it is definitely stepping over a boundary of acceptable behavior, but at other times if the benefits of the research are explicit, tangible and valuable then I feel that the research is justified.第一段，作者首先承认在是否可以把动物用于科学试验这个问题上存在明显分歧，既有人支持也有人反对。
