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Unit FiveLeadershipI. Focus on the TopicLook at the pictures and brainstorm as many words as possible related to the topic, and then describe them.Prompts:making a speech, eloquent, CEO, business leaders, qualities,personalities,charisma,managerial skills, celebrity, reputation，fame, prestige. II. Focus on ReadingA.Pre-reading activities1. Look at the title of the passage and think about the following questions.1) What qualities do you think a leader should possess?2) What personalities are essential for a leader?3) Are the leaders born as leaders or developed in their later life?4) Imitate a leader in class and make a short speech about any topic.2. Guess the meaning of the underlined words.1) If he doesn’t pay his rent this week, he will receive notice to quit.a.leaveb. stopc. pay2)It was atough struggle to reach the summit, but in the end they made it.a. rudeb. difficultc. violent3) By signing the lease, you made a commitment to pay $300 a month rent.a. commentb. planc. promise4)In modern times there is less privilegeand more of an equal chance in life for everyone.a. advantageb. pleasurec. honor5) When Mr. and Mrs. Brown lost their little daughter, their friends saw them through with help and sympathy.a. supportedthemb.knew themc. listened to them6) The evening had not been the success that he had anticipated.a. expectedb. participatedc. planned7) After World War II, Japan entered the arena of international trade.a. placeb. fieldc. room8) The Marketing Manger was passed over for promotion by his subordinate.a.replacedb. permittedc. askedEverything is possibleBy Andrea Jung①With Avon’s reputation for promoting women and my own career success, I am often asked for advice on how people can prepare themselves to be the leaders of tomorrow. In fact, over my career, I have come to believe that there are indeed some very special qualities that distinguish all leaders—andhelp them stand out in today’s competitive arena.②First is Passion. You have to love the work you do. You have to be excited to come to work every day. They taught us the four principles of marketing when I went to school: Product, Price, Place, Promotion. But they didn’t teach us the fifth, most critical principle which as far as I’m concerned is Passion, the key to being truly successful as a leader over the long run.③No matter what career path you choose, I believe you have to love what you do. My own personal experience proves this point. There was a time in my Avon career when I was passed over for a promotion to be the CEO. I had a job offer to be the head of another company, but a woman I respected gave me some good advice. She told me always to follow my heart, not my head. So I followed my heart and stayed at Avon. In the end, I got the promotion, but most important, I have always loved my work, and that has made all the difference.④The next distinguishing quality of leadership is Compassion—caring about people. In my four years as CEO at Avon, I’ve had to make some tough decisions and difficult calls—eliminating jobs and closing factories. Actions that affect good people. The horrible part of the job. But I believe we demonstrate compassion and treat people fairly, with respect and dignity during those tough decisions. And it is the responsibility for those of us wanting the privilege of being tomorrow’s corporate leaders to honor the commitment to compassion and the protection of the human spirit, in spite of the pressures and demands of business today.⑤Along with compassion comes Humility. Many people are surprised to learn this is one of Avon’s core values. None of us has all the answers. And all of us must listen to each other, because listening makes us stronger. One of the things I’ve learned about myself is that I tend to be impatient in solving problems. Instead of listening to the opinions of others, I try right away to find solutions. I have had to learn that other people can give me valuable input and that listening makes me a better leader.⑥To be a better listener, I now bring employees from all over the world—including China—toNew York City four times a year to hear their suggestions for how to improve our business. I meet with them for a full day and spend most of my time listening. This is one of the most important things I do.⑦Balance is another essential leadership quality in today’s complex world, and it’s a quality that is especially critical for women who are juggling many and sometimes competing roles. As a working mother with two children—mydaughter Lauren is 14 and my son Jamie is 6—I constantly struggle with the issue of balance. People always ask me how I do it, and my answer is—it’s never easy to balance work and family.⑧I’ll give you an example. I belong to an executive committeeof CEOs from the business world. Recently we were invited to Washington for a meeting with the President of the United States. This was very exciting to me. What an incredible opportunity. The only problem was, the meeting occurred at the same time as my daughter’s first big trip away from home. It was a big moment for her and her friends—togo on a multiple day trip—andmy daughter needed me to be there.⑨What should I do? There was never a doubt in my mind. The president wouldn’tknow if I was there or not. But my daughter would. So I went to the bus with her and I never looked back. It didn’t affect Avon that I didn’t go to the White House. But I also tell women that it is even all right if your job does sometimes come second to your personal priorities. Sometimes the job is more important. But sometimes your family has to be more important.⑩There are two final qualities of distinguished leadership that I want to share with you today. These may be the most important qualities of all and how lucky we are that both are a fundamental part of our Chinese culture—somethingwe all learn from our parents virtually from the day we are born.⑪First is Perseverance. I’m talking about simple hard work and a commitment to stay the course even when times are tough. In today’s fast-pace business environment, unexpected challenges come at you from all directions, with no end in sight. Sometimes I read articles about myself and my career path and it makes it sound so easy. But believe me, it hasn’t been easy for a single day. I work far harder now than I ever have in my life. I’ve h ad to embrace constant change, and every time I think I’ve finally mastered the situation a new challenge comes along I hadn’t anticipated.⑫There will be many days when the challenges each of you confront will seem overwhelming. We all have those days; they go with the territory when you are trying to achieve something great.⑬ Perseverance and hard work will see you through the tough times. My parents instilled these qualities in me and it has made all the difference. Sometimes I watch young Americans quit when things are difficult, and I always advise them to try again…and again… and again. Never give up until you achieve your goal. That’s what distinguishes those who make it to the top from those who didn’t.⑭Hard work is essential…but all the hard work in the world won't take you anywhere unless you know where it is you want to go.⑮That's why it's so important to have a dream. This is the final important quality of leadership. Everything great that has ever happened in this world began with a dream.(1056 words)NEW WORDSreputation / repju'teiʃ(ə)n /n.the opinion that people have about what sb./sth. is like, based on what has happened inthe past；famecompetitive /kəm'petitiv /peting with each otherarena /ə'riːnə /n. place where sports, entertainments, etc. takeplaceprinciple /'prinsip(ə)l /n. a general belief about the way you shouldbehavecompassion /kəm'pæʃ(ə)n /n. a feeling of pity, sympathyeliminate /iˈlimineit /v.terminate, end, or take outdignity /'digniti /n.the sense that you have of your own value privilege /'privilidʒ /n. a special right or advantage that only oneperson hashumility /hju'militi /n.being not proudcore /kɔː /n.the central partjuggle /'dʒʌɡl /v.give enough time or attention to many tasks ata timeconstantly /'k nst(ə)ntli /adv.continuallyexecutive /ig'zekjutiv /adj.who is employed by a business at aseniorlevelincredible /in'kredib(ə)l /adj. unbelievablepriority /prai' riti /n. the most important thing you have to dealwithvirtually /'v☜ːtj uəli /adv. actuallyperseverance /p☜ːs i'viər(ə)ns /n. the quality of continuing despite difficulties commitment /kə'mitm(ə)nt /n.promiseembrace /im'breis /v. include as part of something broader;holdtightlyanticipate /æn'tisipeit /v. expectconfront /kən'frʌnt /v. face to, face with; deal withoverwhelming / ☜uv☜′welmiŋ/a. very great or very strong; so powerful that you cannot resist it or decide how to reactterritory /'terit(ə)ri /n. an area of knowledge or interest; land whichis controlled by a particular country or rulerPhrase and Expressionspass over replacemake all the difference have an important effect on a thing or asituationtend to usually happensee sb. through help and support sb. in difficultygive up quit, stopdistinguishfrom tell the difference betweenNotes:Thistext is adopted from a speech made by Andrea Jung,CEO and Chair of Avon Products, Inc.. She made the speech in Qinghua University on October 23, 2003.1.Avon: short for Avon Products, Inc, is an American international manufacturerand direct selling company in beauty, household, and personal care categories. 2.CEO: short for Chief Executive officer; the corporate executive responsible forthe operations of the firm. He /She reports to a board of directors and may appoint other managers (including a president)B. Reading and Discussing1. Circle your answers to the questions below. Then compare your answers with your partner. There’s only one correct answer for each item.1)Why do people often ask the writer about how to be a future leader?a.She has been promoted recently.b.She has been a famous woman leader.c.She has been a woman consultant.2)What does the writer mean by the word “passion”?a.love for what one does.b.respect from what one does.c.success in what one does.3)What does the writer mention as a terrible part in her job as CEO at Avon?a.Meeting the demands of all staff.b.Dismissing some staff as they are often absent.c.Reducing some jobs so that some staff lose their jobs4)Which of the following elements is especially important for a woman who hasmultiple roles in society?passion.b.humility.c.balance.5)What is the purpose of the speech?a.It’s to narrate one’s personal experience and struggle.b.It’s to encourage people who want to be successful leader s.c.It’s to promote one’s new products and enhance her company image.2. Discussion1) How is a leader different from ordinary people?2) How could we develop our leadership skills?3) Have you possessed any of the qualities mentioned in the passage? What are they?C. Vocabulary1. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.1)She had a _____________of kindness that appeals to everyone around her.2)They had acted on the ____________that children were best left to themselves.3)In order to ____________ their trade, they would have to buy less goods in theUnited States.4)The badly wounded take ____________ for medical attention over those onlyslightly hurt.5)If you’re going walking in the mountains, strong boots are _________________.6)Boxter was rushed to the hospital with ___________________stab wounds.7)Identify what you waste time doing and __________________it.8)Reading from a tedious technical brief for hours on end, he would stray intodifficult _________________.2. Read the following sentences and paraphrase the italicized parts.1)I am often asked for advice on how people can prepare themselves to be the leaders of tomorrow.2)I had a job offer to be the head of another company, but a woman I respected gaveme some good advice.3) These special qualities help them stand out in today’s competitive arena.4)But most important, I have always loved my work, and that has made all the difference.5)That’s what distinguishes those who make it to the top from those who didn’t.3. Fill in the blanks with the phrases from Task 2.1)He finished his coursework in Paris, and when he returned home, there was a_________________waiting for him.2)Your red pullover really _________________ in that photograph we took that day.3) There are some boys with pigtail, which are very difficult to _____________ the girls.4) The court will ________________ the divorce papers before initiating the name change.5) Listen, Robert, going to another country doesn’t ___________________________.4.Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the words given in the brackets.1) A piece of writing, as on the jacket of a book, containing often exaggerated praises,is used for ________________ purposes. (promote)2)If we are to avoid defeat, we need a change of__________________.(lead)3)As a result, the _______________ judge gave the young offender a light sentence.(compassion)4)The champion, within striking distance, let the _____________ suffera severeblow.(challenge)5)You may find it somewhat ______________at first but soon you will get used to it.(overwhelm)III. Focus on GrammarComparisonBasic Forms of the Comparative and the Superlative1. One-syllable and most disyllable adjectives or adverbs form their comparatives andsuperlatives with -er, -est, e.g. strong—stronger—strongest, fine—finer—finest. 2. Adjectives and adverbs of more than two syllables are generally compared byadding more or most before their positives, e.g. critical—more critical—most critical, important—more important—most important.Uses of the Comparative1. We use comparative adjectives to compare one person or thing with another or with the same one at a different time. After a comparative adjective, we often use a subordinate clause introduced by than.They have manufactured more cars this year than we did last year.Her husband is younger than she is.2. Ellipsis often occurs in the subordinate clause introduced by than. Sometimes the whole subordinate clause introduced by than is omitted.She looks younger than I.Sometimes the job is more important.3. We can use the and a comparative followed by the and another comparative to express that one situation depends on another.The more haste, the less speed.The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.4. We use the same structures in comparative adverbs as those given above for comparative adjectives:--than after comparative adverbs:He goes to school earlier than his classmates.She speaks English more fluentlythan I do.--ellipsis in the subordinate clause introduced by than and omission of the subordinate clause:The boy makes calculations even faster than a calculating machine.Can you explain it more clearly?--the and a comparative adverb followed by the and another comparative adverb: The harder we work, the quicker we will finish the project.The quicker you finish your homework, the sooner you will go back home.Uses of the Superlative1. We use the superlative degree when three or more than three persons or things come into comparison.Tokyo is the larges t city in Japan.He runs the fastest in his class.2. We often add a prepositional phrase after or before a superlative adjective or adverb to specify the group we are talking about.Of all his novels, I like this one best.She probably sells the most delicious cakes in our city.Exercise 1Write out the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives and adverbs.Adjectives:cheap safequick easybig thinmany narrowbad farAdverbs:hard soonwell seriouslybadly muchlittle farearly successfullyExercise 2Finish the following sentences with comparative adjectives or adverbs according to the given situations.1. It was 13 degrees yesterday. Today it’s 18 degrees.It is warmer today than it was yesterday.2. I get up at 6 o’clock. She gets up at 7.I__________________________________________________________________ 3. Lily walks 6 kilometers every day. Mary walks 4 kilometers.Lily_______________________________________________________________ 4. He was expected to be there at 8 o’clock, but he arrived there at 9 o’clock.He________________________________________________________________ 5. They had a lot of work to do today. They aren’t so busy usually.They ______________________________________________________________ Exercise 3Complete the following sentences with the comparative or the superlative forms of the given adjectives or adverbs.1. The United States is very large but Canada is ____________. (large)2. Among the three girls, Cathy is _____________ than Judy, while Nicole is____________. (tall, tall)3. He was a little unhappy yesterday, but he looks ____________ today. (happy)4. Who is _________________________ teacher in your school? (popular)5. ____________ you eat, ______________ you will become. (much, fat)IV. Focus on ListeningBefore ListeningA. Read the definitions(A-H) below on the rightand find a word(1-8) on the left that is similar in meaning.1. run A.heighten or intensify2. empathy B.a prominent attribute or aspect of something3. motivate C.recognize as being4. identify D. give an incentive for action5. inspire E. manage6. cooperation F. create anew7. feature G.understanding and entering into another's feelings8. re-invent H. joint operation or actionB.You are going to hear an interview with Maria Johnson, a famous business leader in Europe.Before you listen, discuss the following questions.1)Who do you think Maria Johnson is?2)Whatdo the business leaders actually do?3)Predict what Maria Johnson might say about leadership.While ListeningA.Listen to the first part of an interview with Maria Johnson, a famous businessleader in Europe. And fill in the blanks with the missing words.(I= interviewer, MJ= Maria Johnson)I:MariaJohnson, you are leading one of the best companies in Europe, and you were__________Top Businesswomanlast year.What qualities do you think you need to run a large company __________________?MJ: They are courage, _______________ and ________________, by which I mean being able to ______________________________________ and understand them well.MJ:I think the best business leadersare probably those who have had a great ______ ______________ and have seen the ____________________________.So the business leaders I most admire right now are ______________________in our company who are ___________________________of double-digit ___________________.B. Listen to the complete interview twice and answer the following questions:1)When was Maria Johnson voted Top Businesswoman?2)Who arethe best leaders in Marie’s opinion?3)How does Maria motivate her staff?4)What is the word to describe the relationship between Marie and her staff?5)Are leaders born or made in Marie’s opinion?After ListeningDiscuss your answers with your partners.1.Do you agree with Ms Johnson’s ideas about leadership?2. Will the business leaders change their ways of leadership as time goes on? How will they change their leadership skills?3. What are the differences between men and women as leaders?V.Focus on writing: Using quotationsA quotation is a group of words you take from a text or a speech and use in your own writing. You can use it either at the beginning of a paragraph to introduce a topic, or in the middle or at the end of a paragraph to help discuss the topic.Task OneThe following paragraphs are adap ted from John C Maxwell's book “The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership (2007)”. Read the paragraphs and choose the right quotations to fill in the blanks.Paragraph 1Sir Francis Bacon said, "________" If you believe power to be the essence of leadership, then you might naturally assume that those who possess knowledge and intelligence are therefore leaders. That isn't necessarily true....Neither IQ nor education necessarily equates to leadership.Paragraph 2The true measure of leadership is influence-nothing more, nothing less. Margaret Thatcher, the former British prime minister, observed, "________" If you watch the dynamics that occur between people in just about every aspect of life, you will see some people leading and others following, and you will notice that position and title often have little to do with who is really in charge.Paragraph 3Leadership is developed daily, not in a day. That is the reality dictated by the Law of Process. Benjamin Disraeli asserted, "________" What a person does on a disciplined, consistent basis gets him ready, no matter what the goal.Paragraph 4There is an old saying: ________ That's true. If you want to see where someone develops into a champion, look at his daily routine. ...Even a person with naturaltalent has to prepare and train to become successful.Paragraph 5Albert Einstein, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921, asserted, "________" great leadership means great service. ... When you add value to people, you lift them up, help them advance, make them a part of something bigger than themselves, and assist them in becoming who they were made to be. Often their leader is the only person able to help them to do those things.a. Only a life lived in the service of others is worth living.b. Knowledge is power.c. Champions don't become champions in the ring-they are merely recognized there.d. The secret of success in life is for a man to be ready for his time when it comes.e. Being in power is like being a lady. If you have to tell people you are, you aren't.Task Two∙Discuss in group the leadership qualities mentioned in these paragraphs.∙Write your own paragraph about leadership qualities, including one of the above quotes in your writing.Task ThreeAs you may find in Task one, besides “he /she says” structure, th ere are many other ways to attribute your quotes. Study the verbs in the following box and decide which ones are not typically used to signal a quotation.Task Four1)To fit in with the thesis and context, a quotation is often followed by some comments or paraphrasing words. Read the paragraph and choose the right expression(s) to fill the blank.Darryl Hartley-Leonard says, “When a person moves into a position of authority, he or she gives up the right to abuse people.” ________ that is true. But that is only the beginning of good leadership. Effective leaders go beyond not harming others, andthey intentionally help others. To do that, they must value people and demonstrate that they care in such a way that their followers know it.a. This statement indicatesb. I believec. Clearlyd. It showse. This tells usf. We can conclude from thise. From this we can understand2) Comment on the quotation and then develop it into a paragraph:American author and pastor John C. Maxwell observed, “A great leader’s courage to fulfill his vision comes from passion, not position.”Task Five∙Work in groups to make a list of leadership qualities, add as many words as you can to it. Then decide which three are most important.∙Develop the paragraph you have written for Task Two into a 200-word essay under the title “Three indispensable qualities of a leader”.VI. Focus on CultureLeaders in China’s Ancient TimesPart 1A)Surf the Internet and collect information about the following historical figures inancient China: Qin Shihuang(A), Liu Che(B), Li Shimin(C) and Cheng Ji Si Han(D).B) Divide the class into four groups, each group researching one of the four ancient leaders.C) Each group makes a three-minute presentation about their topic.D)After listening to the presentations, discuss with your group members and decide whom the following statements refer to and then writethe letters A,B,C, or D in the brackets.1)In his Dynasty, territory is the largest in ancient China.()2)He lives in the earliest period of time among these four people. ( )3)He contributes a lot in driving the Huns(invaders) beyond the Great Wall. ()4)He is proved himself an enlightened ruler.( )5) He accepted the request fromthe ruler of Tibet, for a matrimonial alliance and so sent princess Wen Cheng to Tibet to marry him.( )6) He established the first unified, multi-nationality, autocratic and power-centralized, empire in Chinese History.()7) In his Dynasty, Confucianism became the dominant ideology in China’s feudal society. ()8) He is the only one who is not from Han Nationality. ()Part 2Arrange the class into cross group discussion and discuss aboutthe other groups’information; tell whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) and then correct them if they are false:1)They are all cruel to theirministersand their family members.2) In 1260, Kublai (忽必烈), the grandson of Cheng Ji Si Han, succeeded to the position of khan, and decided on Dadu (today’s Beijing) as his capital.3) The Tang Dynasty had worldwide contacts. Among the many foreigners who came to China at that time, Marco Polo—an Italian from Venice—was the most famous.4)Shang Yang was one of the legalists and was appointed chief minister of the state of Qin Dynasty to carry out some political, economic and military reforms.5) Over 460 Confucian scholars were brutally buried alive and classical works burnt to ashes in Yuan Dynasty.6)In the Tang Dynasty, China established wide contacts with various nationalities and kingdoms outside its domain through the Silk Road.7) Among these Lady diplomats in Qin Dynasty, the most well-known was Wang Zhaojun. After marrying a khan in 33 BC, she succeeded in having peace maintained for a long time on the northern frontier.8) “The Benign Administration of the Zhenguan Reign Period” (贞观之治) refers to the reign period (627-649)of Li Shimin.Part 3Translate the following quotation by Li Shimin and then discuss with your group members about the significance of this quote for the leaders nowadays.“The emperor is like a boat while the people are like the water. Water can carry the boat and can also sink it.”。
U n i t5L e a d e r s h i p(73-88)Unit FiveLeadershipI. Focus on the TopicLook at the pictures and brainstorm as many words as possible related to the topic, and then describe them.Prompts: making a speech, eloquent, CEO, business leaders, qualities, personalities, charisma, managerial skills, celebrity, reputation，fame, prestige.II. Focus on ReadingA.Pre-reading activities1. Look at the title of the passage and think about the following questions.1) What qualities do you think a leader should possess?2) What personalities are essential for a leader?3) Are the leaders born as leaders or developed in their later life?4) Imitate a leader in class and make a short speech about any topic.2. Guess the meaning of the underlined words.1) If he doesn’t pay his rent this week, he will receive notice to quit.a. leaveb. stopc. pay2) It was a tough struggle to reach the summit, but in the end they made it.a. rudeb. difficultc. violent3) By signing the lease, you made a commitment to pay $300 a month rent.a. commentb. planc. promise4) In modern times there is less privilege and more of an equal chance in life for everyone.a. advantageb. pleasurec. honor5) When Mr. and Mrs. Brown lost their little daughter, their friends saw them through with help and sympathy.a. supported themb. knew themc. listened to them6) The evening had not been the success that he had anticipated.a. expectedb. participatedc. planned7) After World War II, Japan entered the arena of international trade.a. placeb. fieldc. room8) The Marketing Manger was passed over for promotion by his subordinate.a. replacedb. permittedc. askedEverything is possibleBy Andrea Jung①With Avon’s reputation for promoting women and my own career success, I am often asked for advice on how people can prepare themselves to be the leaders of tomorrow. In fact, over my career, I have come to believe that there are indeed some very special qualities that distinguish all leaders—and help them stand out in today’s competitive arena.② First is Passion. You have to love the work you do. You have to be excited to come to work every day. They taught us the four principles of marketing when I went to school: Product, Price, Place, Promotion. But they didn’t teach us the fifth, mostcritical principle which as far as I’m concerned is Passion, the key to being truly successful as a leader over the long run.③ No matter what career path you choose, I believe you have to love what you do. My own personal experience proves this point. There was a time in my Avon career when I was passed over for a promotion to be the CEO. I had a job offer to be the head of another company, but a woman I respected gave me some good advice. She told me always to follow my heart, not my head. So I followed my heart and stayed at Avon. In the end, I got the promotion, but most important, I have always loved my work, and that has made all the difference.④ The next distinguishing quality of leadership is Compassion—caring about people. In my four years as CEO at Avon, I’ve had to make some tough decisions and difficult calls—eliminating jobs and closing factories. Actions that affect good people. The horrible part of the job. But I believe we demonstrate compassion and treat people fairly, with respect and dignity during those tough decisions. And it is the responsibility for those of us wanting the privilege of being tomorrow’s corporate leaders to honor the commitment to compassion and the protection of the human spirit, in spite of the pressures and demands of business today.⑤ Along with compassion comes Humility. Many people are surprised to learn this is one of Avon’s core values. None of us has all the answers. And all of us must listen to each other, because listening makes us stronger. One of the things I’ve learned about myself is that I tend to be impatient in solving problems. Instead of listening to the opinions of others, I try right away to find solutions. I have had to learn that other people can give me valuable input and that listening makes me a better leader.⑥ To be a better listener, I now bring employees from all over the world—including China—to New York City four times a year to hear their suggestions for how to improve our business. I meet with them for a full day and spend most of my time listening. This is one of the most important things I do.⑦ Balance is another essential leadership quality in today’s complex world, and it’s a quality that is especially critical for women who are juggling many and sometimes competing roles. As a working mother with two children—my daughter Lauren is 14 and my son Jamie is 6—I constantly struggle with the issue of balance. People always ask me how I do it, and my answer is—it’s never easy to balance work and family.⑧I’ll give you an example. I belong to an executive committee of CEOs from the business world. Recently we were invited to Washington for a meeting with the President of the United States. This was very exciting to me. What an incredible opportunity. The only problem was, the meeting occurred at the same time as mydaughter’s first big trip away from home. It was a big moment for her and her friends—to go on a multiple day trip—and my daughter needed me to be there.⑨What should I do? There was never a doubt in my mind. The president wouldn’t know if I was there or not. But my daughter would. So I went to the bus with her and I never looked back. It didn’t affect Avon that I didn’t go to the White House. But I also tell women that it is even all right if your job does sometimes come second to your personal priorities. Sometimes the job is more important. But sometimes your family has to be more important.⑩ There are two final qualities of distinguished leadership that I want to share with you today. These may be the most important qualities of all and how lucky we are that both are a fundamental part of our Chinese culture—something we all learn from our parents virtually from the day we are born.⑪ First is Perseverance. I’m talking about simple hard work and a commitment to stay the course even when times are tough. In today’s fast-pace business environment, unexpected challenges come at you from all directions, with no end in sight. Sometimes I read articles about myself and my career path and it makes it sound so easy. But believe me, it hasn’t been easy for a single day. I work far harder now than I ever have in my life. I’ve had to embrace constant change, and every time I think I’ve finally mastered the situation a new challenge comes along I hadn’t anticipated.⑫ There will be many days when the challenges each of you confront will seem overwhelming. We all have those days; they go with the territory when you are trying to achieve something great.⑬ Perseverance and hard work will see you through the tough times. My parents instilled these qualities in me and it has made all the difference. Sometimes I watch young Americans quit when things are difficult, and I always advise them to try again…and again… and again. Never give up until you achieve your goal. That’s what distinguishes those who make it to the top from those who didn’t.⑭Hard work is essential … but all the hard work in the world won't take you anywhere unless you know where it is you want to go.⑮That's why it's so important to have a dream. This is the final important quality of leadership. Everything great that has ever happened in this world began with a dream. (1056 words)NEW WORDSreputation / repju'teiʃ(ə)n / n.the opinion that people have about what sb./sth. is like, based on what has happened inthe past；famecompetitive /kəm'petitiv / peting with each otherarena /ə'riːnə / n. place where sports, entertainments, etc. takeplaceprinciple /'prinsip(ə)l / n. a general belief about the way you shouldbehavecompassion /kəm'pæʃ(ə)n / n. a feeling of pity, sympathyeliminate /iˈlimineit / v.terminate, end, or take outdignity /'digniti / n.the sense that you have of your own value privilege /'privilidʒ / n. a special right or advantage that only oneperson hashumility /hju'militi / n.being not proudcore /kɔː / n.the central partjuggle /'dʒʌɡl / v.give enough time or attention to many tasks ata timeconstantly /'k nst(ə)ntli / adv.continuallyexecutive /ig'zekjutiv / adj.who is employed by a business at a seniorlevelincredible /in'kredib(ə)l / adj. unbelievablepriority /prai' riti / n. the most important thing you have to dealwithvirtually /'v☜ːtj uəli / adv. actuallyperseverance /p☜ːs i'viər(ə)ns / n. the quality of continuing despite difficulties commitment /kə'mitm(ə)nt / n.promiseembrace /im'breis / v. include as part of something broader; holdtightlyanticipate /æn'tisipeit / v. expectconfront /kən'frʌnt / v. face to, face with; deal withoverwhelming / ☜uv☜′welmiŋ/ a. very great or very strong; so powerful that you cannot resist it or decide how to reactterritory /'terit(ə)ri / n. an area of knowledge or interest; land whichis controlled by a particular country or rulerPhrase and Expressionspass over replacemake all the difference have an important effect on a thing or asituationtend to usually happensee sb. through help and support sb. in difficultygive up quit, stopdistinguish from tell the difference betweenNotes:This text is adopted from a speech made by Andrea Jung, CEO and Chair of Avon Products, Inc.. She made the speech in Qinghua University on October 23, 2003.1.Avon: short for Avon Products, Inc, is an American international manufacturerand direct selling company in beauty, household, and personal care categories. 2.CEO: short for Chief Executive officer; the corporate executive responsible forthe operations of the firm. He /She reports to a board of directors and may appoint other managers (including a president)B. Reading and Discussing1. Circle your answers to the questions below. Then compare your answers with your partner. There’s only one correct answer for each item.1)Why do people often ask the writer about how to be a future leader?a.She has been promoted recently.b.She has been a famous woman leader.c.She has been a woman consultant.2)What does the writer mean by the word “passion”?a.love for what one does.b.respect from what one does.c.success in what one does.3)What does the writer mention as a terrible part in her job as CEO at Avon?a.Meeting the demands of all staff.b.Dismissing some staff as they are often absent.c.Reducing some jobs so that some staff lose their jobs4)Which of the following elements is especially important for a woman who hasmultiple roles in society?passion.b.humility.c.balance.5)What is the purpose of the speech?a.It’s to narrate one’s personal experience and struggle.b.It’s to encourage people who want to be successful leader s.c.It’s to promote one’s new products and enhance her company image.2. Discussion1) How is a leader different from ordinary people?2) How could we develop our leadership skills?3) Have you possessed any of the qualities mentioned in the passage? What are they?C. Vocabulary1. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.1)She had a _____________of kindness that appeals to everyone around her.2)They had acted on the ____________that children were best left to themselves.3)In order to ____________ their trade, they would have to buy less goods in theUnited States.4)The badly wounded take ____________ for medical attention over those onlyslightly hurt.5)If you’re going walking in the mountains, strong boots are _________________.6)Boxter was rushed to the hospital with ___________________stab wounds.7)Identify what you waste time doing and __________________it.8)Reading from a tedious technical brief for hours on end, he would stray intodifficult _________________.2. Read the following sentences and paraphrase the italicized parts.1)I am often asked for advice on how people can prepare themselves to be the leaders of tomorrow.2)I had a job offer to be the head of another company, but a woman I respected gaveme some good advice.difference.5) That’s what distinguishes those who make it to the top from those who didn’t.3. Fill in the blanks with the phrases from Task 2.1)He finished his coursework in Paris, and when he returned home, there was a_________________waiting for him.2) Your red pullover really _________________ in that photograph we took that day.3) There are some boys with pigtail, which are very difficult to _____________ the girls.4) The court will ________________ the divorce papers before initiating the name change.5) Listen, Robert, going to another country doesn’t ___________________________.4.Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the words given in the brackets.1) A piece of writing, as on the jacket of a book, containing often exaggerated praises,is used for ________________ purposes. (promote)2)If we are to avoid defeat, we need a change of__________________.(lead)3)As a result, the _______________ judge gave the young offender a light sentence.(compassion)4)The champion, within striking distance, let the _____________ suffer a severeblow.(challenge)5)You may find it somewhat ______________at first but soon you will get used to it.(overwhelm)III. Focus on GrammarComparisonBasic Forms of the Comparative and the Superlative1. One-syllable and most disyllable adjectives or adverbs form their comparatives andsuperlatives with -er, -est, e.g. strong—stronger—strongest, fine—finer—finest. 2. Adjectives and adverbs of more than two syllables are generally compared byadding more or most before their positives, e.g. critical—more critical—mostcritical, important—more important—most important.Uses of the Comparative1. We use comparative adjectives to compare one person or thing with another or with the same one at a different time. After a comparative adjective, we often use a subordinate clause introduced by than.They have manufactured more cars this year than we did last year.Her husband is younger than she is.2. Ellipsis often occurs in the subordinate clause introduced by than. Sometimes the whole subordinate clause introduced by than is omitted.She looks younger than I.Sometimes the job is more important.3. We can use the and a comparative followed by the and another comparative to express that one situation depends on another.The more haste, the less speed.The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.4. We use the same structures in comparative adverbs as those given above for comparative adjectives:--than after comparative adverbs:He goes to school earlier than his classmates.She speaks English more fluently than I do.--ellipsis in the subordinate clause introduced by than and omission of the subordinate clause:The boy makes calculations even faster than a calculating machine.Can you explain it more clearly?--the and a comparative adverb followed by the and another comparative adverb: The harder we work, the quicker we will finish the project.The quicker you finish your homework, the sooner you will go back home. Uses of the Superlative1. We use the superlative degree when three or more than three persons or things come into comparison.Tokyo is the larges t city in Japan.He runs the fastest in his class.2. We often add a prepositional phrase after or before a superlative adjective or adverb to specify the group we are talking about.Of all his novels, I like this one best.She probably sells the most delicious cakes in our city.Exercise 1Write out the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives and adverbs.Adjectives:cheap safequick easybig thinmany narrowbad farAdverbs:hard soonwell seriouslybadly muchlittle farearly successfullyExercise 2Finish the following sentences with comparative adjectives or adverbs according to the given situations.1. It was 13 deg rees yesterday. Today it’s 18 degrees.It is warmer today than it was yesterday.2. I get up at 6 o’clock. She gets up at 7.I__________________________________________________________________ 3. Lily walks 6 kilometers every day. Mary walks 4 kilometers.Lily_______________________________________________________________ 4. He was expected to be there at 8 o’clock, but he arrived there at 9 o’clock.He________________________________________________________________ 5. They had a lot of work to do today. They aren’t so busy usually.They ______________________________________________________________ Exercise 3Complete the following sentences with the comparative or the superlative forms of the given adjectives or adverbs.1. The United States is very large but Canada is ____________. (large)2. Among the three girls, Cathy is _____________ than Judy, while Nicoleis____________. (tall, tall)3. He was a little unhappy yesterday, but he looks ____________ today. (happy)4. Who is _________________________ teacher in your school? (popular)5. ____________ you eat, ______________ you will become. (much, fat)IV. Focus on ListeningBefore ListeningA. Read the definitions (A-H) below on the right and find a word (1-8) on the left that is similar in meaning.1. run A. heighten or intensify2. empathy B. a prominent attribute or aspect of something3. motivate C. recognize as being4. identify D. give an incentive for action5. inspire E. manage6. cooperation F. create anew7. feature G. understanding and entering into another's feelings8. re-invent H. joint operation or actionB. You are going to hear an interview with Maria Johnson, a famous business leader in Europe. Before you listen, discuss the following questions.1)Who do you think Maria Johnson is?2)What do the business leaders actually do?3)Predict what Maria Johnson might say about leadership.While ListeningA.Listen to the first part of an interview with Maria Johnson, a famous businessleader in Europe. And fill in the blanks with the missing words.(I= interviewer, MJ= Maria Johnson)I: Maria Johnson, you are leading one of the best companies in Europe, and you were __________ Top Businesswoman last year. What qualities do you think you need to run a large company __________________?MJ: They are courage, _______________ and ________________, by which I mean being able to ______________________________________ and understand them well.MJ:I think the best business leaders are probably those who have had a great ______ ______________ and have seen the ____________________________.So the business leaders I most admire right now are ______________________in our company who are ___________________________of double-digit___________________.B. Listen to the complete interview twice and answer the following questions:1)When was Maria Johnson voted Top Businesswoman?2)Who are the best leaders in Marie’s opinion?3)How does Maria motivate her staff?4)What is the word to describe the relationship between Marie and her staff?5)Are leaders born or made in Marie’s opinion?After ListeningDiscuss your answers with your partners.1. Do you agree with Ms Johnson’s ideas about leadership?2. Will the business leaders change their ways of leadership as time goes on? How will they change their leadership skills?3. What are the differences between men and women as leaders?V. Focus on writing: Using quotationsA quotation is a group of words you take from a text or a speech and use in your own writing. You can use it either at the beginning of a paragraph to introduce a topic, or in the middle or at the end of a paragraph to help discuss the topic.Task OneThe following paragraphs are adap ted from John C Maxwell's book “The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership (2007)”. Read the paragraphs and choose the right quotations to fill in the blanks.Paragraph 1Sir Francis Bacon said, "________" If you believe power to be the essence of leadership, then you might naturally assume that those who possess knowledge and intelligence are therefore leaders. That isn't necessarily true....Neither IQ nor education necessarily equates to leadership.Paragraph 2The true measure of leadership is influence-nothing more, nothing less. Margaret Thatcher, the former British prime minister, observed, "________" If you watch the dynamics that occur between people in just about every aspect of life, you will see some people leading and others following, and you will notice that position and title often have little to do with who is really in charge.Paragraph 3Leadership is developed daily, not in a day. That is the reality dictated by the Law of Process. Benjamin Disraeli asserted, "________" What a person does on a disciplined, consistent basis gets him ready, no matter what the goal.Paragraph 4There is an old saying: ________ That's true. If you want to see where someone develops into a champion, look at his daily routine. ...Even a person with natural talent has to prepare and train to become successful.Paragraph 5Albert Einstein, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921, asserted,"________" great leadership means great service. ... When you add value to people, you lift them up, help them advance, make them a part of something bigger thanthemselves, and assist them in becoming who they were made to be. Often their leader is the only person able to help them to do those things.a. Only a life lived in the service of others is worth living.b. Knowledge is power.c. Champions don't become champions in the ring-they are merely recognized there.d. The secret of success in life is for a man to be ready for his time when it comes.e. Being in power is like being a lady. If you have to tell people you are, you aren't.Task Two•Discuss in group the leadership qualities mentioned in these paragraphs.•Write your own paragraph about leadership qualities, including one of the above quotes in your writing.Task ThreeAs you may find in Task one, besides “he /she says” structure, there are many other ways to attribute your quotes. Study the verbs in the following box and decide which ones are not typically used to signal a quotation.Task Four1) To fit in with the thesis and context, a quotation is often followed by some comments or paraphrasing words. Read the paragraph and choose the right expression(s) to fill the blank.Darryl Hartley-Leonard says, “When a person moves into a position of authority, he or she gives up the right to abuse people.” ________ that is true. But that is only the beginning of good leadership. Effective leaders go beyond not harming others, and they intentionally help others. To do that, they must value people and demonstrate that they care in such a way that their followers know it.a. This statement indicatesb. I believec. Clearlyd. It showse. This tells usf. We can conclude from thise. From this we can understand2) Comment on the quotation and then develop it into a paragraph:American author and pastor John C. Maxwell observed, “A great leader’s courage to fulfill his vision comes from passion, not position.”Task Five•Work in groups to make a list of leadership qualities, add as many words as you can to it. Then decide which three are most important.•Develop the paragraph you have written for Task Two into a 200-word essay under the title “Three indispensable qualities of a leader”.VI. Focus on CultureLeaders in China’s Ancient TimesPart 1A) Surf the Internet and collect information about the following historical figuresin ancient China: Qin Shihuang(A), Liu Che(B), Li Shimin(C) and Cheng Ji Si Han(D).B) Divide the class into four groups, each group researching one of the four ancient leaders.C) Each group makes a three-minute presentation about their topic.D) After listening to the presentations, discuss with your group members and decide whom the following statements refer to and then write the letters A, B, C, or D in the brackets.1) In his Dynasty, territory is the largest in ancient China. ( )2) He lives in the earliest period of time among these four people. ( )3) He contributes a lot in driving the Huns (invaders) beyond the Great Wall. ( )4) He is proved himself an enlightened ruler.( )5) He accepted the request from the ruler of Tibet, for a matrimonial alliance and so sent princess Wen Cheng to Tibet to marry him. ( )6) He established the first unified, multi-nationality, autocratic and power-centralized, empire in Chinese History. ()7) In his Dynasty, Confucianism became the dominant ideology in China’s feudal society. ()8) He is the only one who is not from Han Nationality. ()Part 2Arrange the class into cross group discussion and discuss about the other groups’information; tell whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) and then correct them if they are false:1) They are all cruel to their ministers and their family members.2) In 1260, Kublai (忽必烈), the grandson of Cheng Ji Si Han, succeeded to the position of khan, and decided on Dadu (today’s Beijing) as his capital.3) The Tang Dynasty had worldwide contacts. Among the many foreigners who came to China at that time, Marco Polo—an Italian from Venice—was the most famous.4) Shang Yang was one of the legalists and was appointed chief minister of the state of Qin Dynasty to carry out some political, economic and military reforms.5) Over 460 Confucian scholars were brutally buried alive and classical works burnt to ashes in Yuan Dynasty.6) In the Tang Dynasty, China established wide contacts with various nationalities and kingdoms outside its domain through the Silk Road.7) Among these Lady diplomats in Qin Dynasty, the most well-known was Wang Zhaojun. After marrying a khan in 33 BC, she succeeded in having peace maintained for a long time on the northern frontier.8) “The Benign Administration of the Zhenguan Reign Period” (贞观之治) refers to the reign period (627-649)of Li Shimin.Part 3Translate the following quotation by Li Shimin and then discuss with your group members about the significance of this quote for the leaders nowadays.“The emperor is like a boat while the people are like the water. Water can carry the boat and can also sink it.”。
Unit 5 EmploymentPart I Business V ocabularyDirections:There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. This part totals 20 points, two points for each sentence.1 Intelligence levels decline _____B_______, but change little over their working life.A honestlyB modestlyC rarelyD sharply2 Most people like to think that personality can change, particularly the more _______C_________ features such as anxiety, low esteem, impulsiveness or a lack of emotional warmth.A positiveB activeC negativeD passive3 People can be groomed for a job. Just as politicians are carefully _____B_________ through dress, hairstyle and speech specialists, so people can be sent on training courses, diplomas or experimental weekends.A repackedB repackagedC refinedD reset4 However, his employer told him that he must not come to work in a collar and tie to dive his 17-tonne lorry. If he did so, he faced the A .A sackB bagC packD package5 They wanted him to _______D_______ the company’s new image of casual clothing such as T-shirts or sweat shirts.A agree toB comply toC follow toD conform to6 His employer, Mr Yamago, believed that behavior like Mr Nishiura’s _______C_________ company discipline and corrupted morale.A undertookB underlinedC underminedD damaged7 When you enter a company, you_____B_______ your human rights.A sign onB sign awayC sign forD sign in8 Mr Nishiura is going to sue his employer for unfair _____C___________.A employmentB unemploymentC dismissalD job title9 There are always several fitness instructors _______A__________ to advise people and provide them with personalized fitness programmes.A on handB in handC by handD hand in hand10 The clubs aim to _______B_________ people of all ages and income groups.A attract toB appeal toC conform toD respond to11 The carrying vessel departed from Shanghai on February 28 and is _____D____in San Francisco on March 12.A because ofB becauseC due toD due12 We are pleased to advise you that the 500 dozen blouses under the above order_____B____ loaded onto the . “Evergreen” on March 28,A areB wereC isD was13 We are now enclosing our commercial invoices in triplicate ____C______US$12,000.A ofB atC forD by14 This sum is payable by irrevocable letter of credit confirmed _____B_____ anAmerican bank.A inB withC underD on15 If you have any queries, please ______D_______ us.A contact withB to contact withC to contactD contact16Since the transaction is made _____C____ CIF basis, you are to ship the goods.A atB byC onD in17 In our letter of May 5, we made ____D____ clear that shipment is to be effected inJune.A youB themC thatD it18 Please make every effort to get the goods ____C_____ immediately.A to dispatchB dispatchingC dispatchedD dispatch19 We have shipped your order on board M/V, which sails _B__ your port tomorrow.A atB forC toD from20 After inspection, we found five cartons ______A________.A damagedB to damageC damagingD damagePart II Phrase TranslationDirections:Directions: There are 20 Chinese phrases in this part. You are required totranslate them into English and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, one point for each phrase.1星座 astrological sign2家庭背景 family background3婚姻状况 marital status4血型 blood type5缺勤记录 absentee record6智力水平 intelligence level7新闻发言人 press officer8新闻发布 press release9年度报告 annual report10公司宣传资料 company literature11着装要求 dress code12营销部 marketing department13人权 human rights14不公平解雇 unfair dismissal15年终奖金 end-of-year bonus16员工流失率 staff turnover17社交活动 social activity18以客户为中心的文化 customer-oriented culture19业绩记录 track record20商机 business opportunityPart III Sentence TranslationDirections: There are 10 sentences in this part. You are required to translate them into Chinese and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, two points for each sentence.1. Most people like to think that personality can change,particularly the more negative features such as anxiety, low esteem, impulsiveness or a lack of emotional warmth.大多数人认为性格是可以改变的，特别是像焦虑，缺乏自尊，冲动或感情上缺乏温暖这样更负面的特征。
