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定语从句

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定语从句知识点整理Step1:Definition:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的句子就叫做定语从句。

1.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫定语从句的先行词2.关系词：引导定语从句的词被称为关系词3.关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词：that, which, who, whom, ,whose, as 在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，定语。

关系副词：when, where, why. 在定语从句中充当状语。

例如：The day which/that I remember is going.其中：the day是先行词；which是关系词；which 在从句做动词remember的宾语关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

Step 31． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。

The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。

October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。

Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。

I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。

3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。

I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。

注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。

如： From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known w hat he wanted to be when he grew up.自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。

Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。

The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。

Step 4:. 注意关系代词和关系副词的选用：判断一个定语从句是用关系代词还是关系副词来引导时，既要注意先行词，也要注意关系词在从句中所做的成分。

特别是当先行词是表示地点或时间的名词时。

如果关系词在从句中做时间状语或地点状语，就用when或where，如果做主语或宾语，就用that或which。

1.I live in a house _whose___windows open to the south.2.I can never forget the day __when___I first saw you3.This is the school _where___I have taught English for 9 years.4.Gone are the days_(which/that)____we spent together happily.5.there is a park in the city_that/which___has a lot of beautiful flowers.注意：以下句子的区别：1. A: I know a place where we can have a picnic.B: I know a place which/that is famous for its beautiful scenery.2. A: I will never forget the days when we spent our holiday together.B: I will never forget the days which we spent together.3. A: This is the reason why he was late for class.B: This is the reason that/which he explained to me.step5: “Prep + 关系代词” 引导的定语从句a).修饰物时用which 即：pre+which,有时其用法相当于关系副when,where,why; 修饰人时用whom即：pre+whom.; 所有格时用whose.This is the room in which we lived last year.This is the person from whom I borrowed the novel.The man with whom you shook hands just now is our headmaster.He gave me a piece of paper on which I wrote the telephone number.Father gave me twenty dollars with which I can buy a dictionary.The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.总结：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 关系代词只能用which,whom, whose. 且不能省略。

介词主要根据三个方面来选择: 一是先行词与介词的搭配; 二是定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配; 三是根据句子中的意义确定介词。

1.The gun with which he was shot was never found.2.The film during which l fell asleep was very boring.3.The book of/about which I heard was written 20 years ago.4.The little creature in which scientists are interested is ET.5.She has 3 sons, two of whom are workers.6.There are altogether 10 books, of which five are mine7. The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.c).有些含有介词的固定短语不能拆开，介词人放在动词的后面。

这就是他正在找的书。

This is the book which he is looking for.这些护士门照料的婴儿都很健康。

The babies whom the nurses are looking after are healthy.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句:所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少定语, 如果去掉, 主句就失去意义或意义不完整。

这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切, 写时不用逗号和主句分开。

可翻译为“---的”，关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，关系词可用that，可用who代替whom.Do you remember the girl who taught us English？你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？(如果把从句部分去掉, 整个句子的含义就变了。

)非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切, 只是对先行词做些附加补充说明, 如果去掉, 主句仍能表达完整的意思。

这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。

翻译时译为主句的并列句。

一般不用that引导关系词who代替whom。

1.Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位朋友。

(去掉从句, 主句的意义仍然完整: 张先生是我的一位朋友。

)2. We walked down the village street, where they were having market day.我们沿着村里的大街向前走去，村民们正在那里赶集。

(去掉从句, 主句的意义仍然完整:我们沿着村里的大街向前走去。

)注意：引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。

That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.皮特要娶爱丽丝这件事，还没宣布，却已穿得沸沸扬扬。

句中的which指代“皮特要娶爱丽丝”这件事。

that和whichthat和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which (1)先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。

Eg: I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.(2) 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等修饰时。

Eg: I’ve read all the books that are not mine.(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。

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定语从句的类型及例子

定语从句的类型及例子

定语从句的类型及例子
定语从句的类型主要有三种：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和同位语从句。

以下每种类型各举一个例子，中英文间隔呈现：
1. 限制性定语从句
中文：这是一本我曾经读过的书。

英文：This is a book that I have ever read.
限制性定语从句通过提供必要的信息来定义或限制先行词（本句中的“书”），如果去掉定语从句，原句的意义将不完整或发生变化。

2. 非限制性定语从句
中文：我的邻居，一个和蔼的老人，经常帮助我。

英文：My neighbor, who is a kind old man, often helps me.
非限制性定语从句对先行词（本句中的“邻居”）提供额外信息，这些信息不是定义性的，如果去掉定语从句，原句的基本意义仍然完整。

3. 同位语从句
中文：我有一个梦想，那就是环游世界。

英文：I have a dream that is to travel around the world.
同位语从句用于解释或说明先行词（本句中的“梦想”）的具体内容，它与先行词在逻辑上是等同的，通常通过“that”引导从句。

这些例子展示了定语从句的不同类型及其在句子中的应用。

通过正确使用定语从句，我们可以更具体、更生动地描述事物和情境。

定语从句

定语从句


4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句的人称、数与先行词一致。如：
Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.
The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。(这句的关系代词that不能用which替换，因为它在此句中既指人又指物)
在强调句子中，并且以who，which，what开头时。如：
Who was it that was lost ?究竟是谁迷路了？（此句中，最好不用who来代替that，避免重复）What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了？
当先行词前有序数词时。如：
The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather.
桌子上的那本书是我祖父写的。（关系代词that在从句中作主语，指物。此句中的that可以用which替换）
Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么呢？（关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物。此句中的that不能用which替换）
我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。
当先行词被the last ，the very 和the only修饰时。如：
This is the very pen that I am looking for.这正是我找的钢笔。
（完整版）定语从句详解+例句

（完整版）定语从句详解+例句

Attributive Clause定语从句一、定义定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句。

换句话说，名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。

关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

1关系代词：在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分2关系副词：在定语从句中担任状语成分关系词3个功能：1. 连接功能（连接先行词与定语从句）；2. 担任功能（在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语）；3. 替代功能（在定语从句中代替先行词）。

关系代词在定语从句中充当主语的是： who, that, which, as宾语的是： who, whom, that, which, as定语的是： whose, which先行词是人时，关系代词是：who, whom, that, as先行词是物时，关系代词是：which, that, whose, as关系副词有：when (先行词为时间), where (先行词为地点), why (先行词为原因)关系副词 = 介词 + which / whom定语从句分为两种：限制性与非限制性。

先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性；有逗号隔开则为非限制性，且一般由which引导。

唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as 引导。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

定语从句详解(很全)

定语从句详解(很全)

定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。

被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as。

关系副词有：when,where,why,how。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。

当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。

定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

一、定语从句的翻译许多英语初学者往往弄不明白为什么引导定语从句的关系词which不能译为“哪一个”，who不能译为“谁”，when不能译为“什么时候”，where不能译为“什么地方”，等等。

首先，我们必须要明白一点，那就是引导定语从句的which,who,when,where,why等是关系词（关系代词或关系副词），而不是疑问词，所以不能按疑问词的意思来理解。

前面我们讲到，英语中的定语从句总是后置的，即要放在被修饰名词或代词之后；但在汉语中，定语通常是前置的，也就是说定语要放在被修饰名词的前面，并通常表现为“……的”这样的形式。

当我们翻译英语中定语从句的时候，一般可以按汉语习惯，将定语从句翻译在被修饰的名词或代词之前，而其中的关系词一般就是译成汉语中的“……的”。

如：He showed me the article that he had written.他把他写的文章拿给我看。

句中的that he had written为修饰名词the article的定语从句，翻译时就可译为“他写的文章”，其中的关系代词that在此译成了“的”字。

She was not in the train which arrived just now.她不在刚到的那列火车上。