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聚氯乙烯毕业设计

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沈阳化工大学

毕业设计

题 目: 年产3.26万吨聚氯乙烯生产车间工段

的设计

院 系: 材料科学与工程学院

专 业: 材料化学

班 级: 材化0601

学生姓名:

指导教师:

论文提交日期： 2010年 6 月 22 日

论文答辩日期： 2010年 6月 29日

内容摘要

本文讲述了我国聚氯乙烯工业生产技术的发展进程和目前状况，包括原料路线、工艺设备、聚合方法等。本设计采用悬浮法生产聚氯乙烯，介绍了采用悬浮法生产PVC树脂工聚合机理，工艺过程中需要注意的问题，包括质量影响因素，工艺条件及合成工艺中的各种助剂选择，对聚合工艺过程进行详细的叙述。并且从物料衡算、热量衡算和设备计算和选型三个方面进行准确的工艺计算，对厂址进行了选择，采取了防火防爆防雷等重要措施，对三废的处理回收等进行了叙述，画出了整个工艺的流程图。

关键词 ：聚氯乙烯； 生产技术； 悬浮法； 乙炔法； 乙烯法；

防粘釜技术；

目 录

第一章 总论 ·········································································· 2

1.1 国内外 pvc发展状况及发展趋势 ······································· 2

1.2 单体合成工艺路线 ························································· 3

1.2.1乙炔路线 ······························································· 3

1.2.2乙烯路线 ······························································· 4

1.3聚合工艺实践方法 ·························································· 5

1.3.1本体法聚合生产工艺 ················································ 5

1.3.2乳液聚合生产工艺 ··················································· 5

1.3.3悬浮聚合生产工艺 ··················································· 6

1.4最佳的配方、后处理设备的选择 ········································ 7

1.4.1配方的选择 ···························································· 7

1.4.2后处理设备侧选择 ··················································· 7

1.5 防粘釜技术 ·································································· 9

1.6原料及产品性能 ····························································· 9

1.7 聚合机理 ··································································· 11

1.7.1自由基聚合机理 ···················································· 11

1.7.2链反应动力学机理 ················································· 12

1.7.3 成粒机理与颗粒形态 ············································· 12

1.8影响聚合及产品质量的因素 ············································ 13

1.9工艺流程叙述 ······························································ 14

1.10.1加料系统 ···························································· 14

1.10.2聚合系统 ···························································· 16

1.10.3浆料汽提及废水汽提系统 ······································· 17

1.10厂址的选择 ······························································· 18

第二章 工艺计算 ································································· 19

2.1物料衡算 ···································································· 19

2.1.1聚合釜 ································································ 19

2.1.2 混料槽 ······························································· 22

2.1.3汽提塔 ································································ 23

2.1.4离心机 ································································ 26

2.1.5 沸腾床 ······························································· 27

2.1.6 包装 ·································································· 29

2.2热量衡算 ···································································· 30

2.2.1聚合釜 ································································ 30

2.2.2沸腾床的热量计算 ················································· 35

2.3 设备的计算及选型 ······················································· 41

2.3.1 聚合釜 ······························································ 41

3.3.2 混料槽 ······························································· 42

3.3.3 汽提塔 ······························································· 43

3.3.4 离心机 ······························································· 43

3.3.5内热式沸腾床的计算 ·············································· 44

2.3.6泵、鼓风机、过滤器 ·············································· 49

第三章 非工艺部分 ······························································· 52

3.1厂内的防火防爆措施 ····················································· 52

3.2车间照明及采暖措施 ····················································· 52

3.3防静电，防雷措施 ························································ 53

3.4三废处理情况 ······························································ 54

3.4.1电石渣的处理 ······················································· 54

3.4.2电石渣上清液的处理 ·············································· 54

3.4.3 热水的综合利用 ··················································· 54

3.4.4尾气的回收利用 ···················································· 55

3.4.5转化水洗塔水的回收利用 ········································ 55

结束语 ················································································ 56

附录 ··················································································· 58

合集下载

聚氯乙烯反应釜毕业设计

聚氯乙烯反应釜毕业设计

1

常州工程职业技术学院

毕 业 设 计（论文）

题 目 聚氯乙烯搅拌反应釜设计

专 业 机电一体化

班级学号 2004513226

姓 名 王 清 峰

指导教师 张 在 平

2007 年 5 月 5 日

2

中文摘要

随着我国经济的稳步发展和人民生活水平的不断提高，加之聚氯乙烯应用开发的不断深入，国内市场对聚氯乙烯的需求仍具有较大的发展空间，特别是在汽车、建筑、电子和涂料等方面，对于拓宽聚氯乙烯的消费、开发大宗专用树脂，促进聚氯乙烯的生产具有积极而现实的意义。

本设计用反应釜均采用双线密封，因而密封性能好，经久耐用。具有釜盖提升或釜体下落、釜体倾倒功能，用灵活的机械结构操作代替繁重的体力劳动，提高了工作效率。磁力密封搅拌器具有静密封、无泄漏、噪音低、寿命长等特点，配合低温恒温水浴可完成低温恒温反应。封头与筒体的装配采用直接定位的装夹法，方便、快捷易于操作。

关键字

聚氯乙烯 反应釜 封头设计

3

English abstract

Stably continued the health along with the our country economical

whole the development, the Chinese plastic mechanical industry

process"15" realizes the surmounting -like development, the industrial

scaleexpanded, continuously eight year main economic indicator year by

年产10万吨聚氯乙烯生产工艺设计

年产10万吨聚氯乙烯生产工艺设计

材料科学与工程学院

毕业设计

学 生 姓 名

班级 / 学号

专 业 材料科学与工程

设 计 题 目 年产10万吨聚氯乙烯生产工艺设计方案

指 导 教 师

职 称

2002年 2 月28日

设计总说明

聚氯乙烯（PVC）是一种热塑性合成树脂，有优良的电绝缘性，难以自燃，主要用于生产透明薄膜、塑料管件、各类板材等。其再加工产品在全球不同领域都有着非常广泛的应用。

根据设计任务书，本设计进行了年产10万吨聚氯乙烯（PVC）工艺的设计。在查阅、参考大量文献以及对以往部分车间设计的研究学习下，进行了科学的设计以及对相关物料的衡算。

本设计计划采用悬浮聚合法生产聚氯乙烯，原料为氯乙烯单体以及混合用有机过氧化物和偶氮类引发剂、明胶分散剂和去离子水。结合所选择的生产工艺方案和产品生产实际情况，进行了有关物料和热量平衡的计算。安排每日三班次，每班8小时的生产强度，设计可达到日产303吨年产达10万吨的聚氯乙烯生产车间。

本设计也充分考虑到工作人员的工作环境以及工作安全性，尽可能将车间规划为安全的，绿色的，在工作人员遵守车间操作规程的情况下，工作更加安全高效。

本设计由许春华副教授指导，在反应确定、生产流程安排等整个设计过程中提出了许多宝贵意见，使得设计能更高效地完成，在此学生表示衷心感谢。

鉴于知识和实际经验所限，设计难免存在欠缺，恳请批阅老师批评指正。

2

目录

1总论 ............................................................................................................................................... 1

毕业设计---20万吨每年聚氯乙烯聚合及干燥包装工艺设计

毕业设计---20万吨每年聚氯乙烯聚合及干燥包装工艺设计

I 摘 要

本设计为年产20万吨聚氯乙烯聚合和干燥包装工段的工艺设计。首先介绍了聚氯乙烯的性质、主要用途、技术进展以及由氯乙烯单体聚合成聚氯乙烯的四种常见的工业聚合方法，并确定了以悬浮聚合法作为本设计的聚合工艺生产方法。对聚合及干燥包装工段进行了详细的物料衡算（包括聚合釜的物料衡算、汽提塔的物料衡算、离心干燥工段的物料衡算）和主要设备的热量衡算（包括聚合釜的热量衡算、换热器的热量衡算等），也对设备作了选型计算，得出本设计需采用9个703m（I型）不锈钢聚合釜并联操作，9台703m出料槽，29台WL-630型离心机，最后对聚氯乙烯聚合过程中的安全注意事项及三废处理问题作了简单的说明。同时绘制了带控制点的PVC聚合及干燥包装工段的工艺流程图、聚合工段主要设备平面布置图、聚合工段主要设备立面布置图以及聚合釜装配图。

关键词：聚氯乙烯；悬浮聚合法；干燥包装；生产工艺 II Abstract

The design for an annual output of 50,000 tons of PVC dry polymerization processes of the

preliminary design, the design documents from design specification and design drawings

composed of two parts. In the design of brochures, a brief introduction of the PVC production

status, trends, performance and the main purpose of the current PVC also introduced the four

common industrial polymer production methods. And a comparison, final Determined to

模具毕业设计74塑料外壳注射模的设计

模具毕业设计74塑料外壳注射模的设计

目录

摘要 ................................................................ 1

前言 ................................................................ 2

1、塑料外壳塑件的工艺分析 ........................................... 3

1.1塑件成形工艺分析 ............................................. 3

1.2塑件要求 ..................................................... 3

1.3塑件成形工艺参数确定 ......................................... 4

1.4设计时应考虑的问题 ........................................... 4

2、模具基本结构 ..................................................... 5

2.1确定成形方法 ................................................. 5

2.2型腔布置 ..................................................... 5

2.3确定分型面 ................................................... 6

2.4选择浇注系统 ................................................. 7

2.5脱模机构设计 ................................................ 12