permutation formula
- 格式:docx
- 大小:11.09 KB
- 文档页数:2
permutation formula
permutation formula is taking m (m n) elements from n different elements (different elements)
in a certain order, which is called a arrangement of m elements from n different elements. The
arrangement is related to the order of the elements, and the combination is independent of the
order. The principle of addition and multiplication are the basis of arrangement and combination.
step:
Step 1, the first bit can be filled from one of the n elements, a total of n kinds of filling;
In Step 2, the second place can only be filled in from any one of the remaining n-1 elements,
with a total of n-1 filling method;
In Step 3, the third digit can only fill in any one of the remaining n-2 elements, with a total of
n-2 filling methods;
……
Step m, when the previous m-1 vacancies are filled, the m-1 position can only be filled from
one of the remaining n- (m-1) elements, with a total of n-m + 1 filling method.
According to the step-wise counting principle, all m vacancies are filled with n (n-1) (n-2)...
(n-m + 1) filling.
fundamental:
The arrangement is related to the order of the elements, and the combination is independent
of the order. For example, 231 and 213 are two permutations, the sum of 2 + 3 + 1 and the sum of
2 + 1 + 3 are a combination, and the two basic principles are the basis of the arrangement and
combination.
(1) Addition principle: do a thing, complete it can have n class method, in the first type
method there are m1 different methods, in the second type method there are m2 different
methods,..., in the n class method has mn different methods, then complete this thing a total of
N=m1 + m2 + m3 +... + mn kinds of different methods.
(2) Multiplication principle: do a thing, complete it needs to be divided into n steps, do the
first step m1 different methods, do the second step m2 different methods,..., do n mn different
methods, then complete this thing total N=m1 m2 m3... mn different methods.
If there is an n class method, it is the classification problem, and the first class method is independent. Therefore, we use the addition principle, and we must use the addition principle.