汉译英句子翻译原则

1. 主语的确定

• 主语的三种处理方法：

• ① 以原句主语作译文主语

• 直接法

• ② 重新确定主语

• 间接法

• ③ 增补主语

• 添加法

• ① 直接法

• 例句1：我们的房子是一百多年前制造的。

• Our house was built over a hundred years ago.

• 例句2：我是地球人。

• I come from the earth.

• 例句3：如果不恰当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。

• Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes

air pollution in cities.

• 例句4：如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。

• If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences

are the “fundamental parts” of writing.

• 例句5：中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。

• China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds

principles and second, it honors its words.

• 例句6：人有失错，马有漏蹄。

• As a horse may tumble, a man may make mistakes.

• 非常简单 • 文化差异

• 应用有限

• ② 间接法

• 中英文表达的习惯不同

• 语言地道，句式多样

• 例句7：世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。

• 译法1（直接法）：At the turn of the century, China is very active

in its diplomatic activities.

• 译法2（间接法）：The turn of the century finds China most active

on the diplomatic arena.

• 例句8：1964年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。

• 译法1：In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which

shocked the rest of the world significantly.

• 译法2：China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great

shock to the rest of the world.

• 例句9：胎又瘪了。

• 译法1：We’ve got another flat tire.

• 译法2：Our tire is flat again.

• 例句10：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。

• 译法1：It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and

impossible to measure the ocean by pints.

• 译法2：We cannot judge people from their appearance, just as we

cannot measure the ocean by pints.

• 回忆：海纳百川，有容乃大。

• ③ 增补法

• 推敲语境

• 考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要。 • 例句11：沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。

• Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this

silence.

• 练习1：中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪地驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。

• 菜鸟级

• The ship of China’s socialist construction will brave the wind and

waves and sail to the glorious destination of modernization.

• 魔王级：

• China will stride forward in building socialism, like a ship braving

the wind and the waves, towards the glorious destination of

modernization.

• 练习2：我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，而且成为兄弟。

• 菜鸟级：

• The development of our relations has made us not only close friends

but brothers as well.

• 魔王级：

• Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends

but also as brothers.

• 练习3：他心直口快，总是愿意和任何人交朋友，所以很快赢得了大家的信任。

• 雏鸟级：

• His outspokenness and readiness to make friends with anyone soon

won their trust.

• 小妖级：

• He was very outspoken and always ready to make friends with anyone,

so he won their trust.

• 大师级： • He was so frank, outspoken and constantly willing to make friends

with anyone that he soon won their trust.

• 练习4：中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。

• 菜鸟级：

• The strength, prosperity and development of China will pose no

threat to any countries.

• 小妖级：

• A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any

countries.

• 大师级：

• The rest of the world will confront no threat from a strong,

prosperous and developed China.

• 练习5：轻纺工业产品的花色品种增多，质量继续有所提高。

• 菜鸟级

• The designs and variety of light industrial and textile products

have increased and their quality has continued to improve.

• 魔王级

• Light industry and textile products are now available in better

designs and quality and richer variety.

• 口译：楼的质量不好

• The quality of the building is poor.

• The building is not well built.

• 练习6：天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。

• Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men

overnight.

• 练习7：真是太荒谬了。

• It’s utterly absurd. • 练习8：只有冷静才能成功。

• Success depends on calm minds.

• 练习9：端午节吃粽子。

• On the Dragon Boat Festival, people eat zongzi.

• 练习10：上海近几年发生的巨大变化赢得了全世界人民的赞叹。

• That Shanghai has changed greatly in recent years has won admiration

from people all over the world.

• 从句做主语

• The fact that …

2. 谓语确定和主谓一致

• 谓语的确定基于表意的需要

• 例句1. 中国政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。

• The Central Government has never intervened in the affairs of the

HKSAR.

• The Central Government has refrained from intervening in the

affairs of the HKSAR.

• 例句2：中国的经济将融入世界经济的大潮。

• The economy of China will converge with that of the world economy.

• The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy.

• China will merge into the world tide in terms of economy.

• 例句3：这事到了现在，还是时时记起。

• Even now, I still often think about it.

• Even now, this remains fresh in my memory.

• 例句4：在同新闻界谈话的时候，上海人使用越来越多的最高级形容词。

• You can hear Shanghai people using more and more adjectives of the

superlative degree when they talk to the press.

• When they talk to press, the Shanghai citizens use more and more