定语从句讲解
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定语从句
一、概念:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如:
I want to marry a rich man.
定语
I want to marry a manwho is tall, rich and handsome. (从句谓语和先行词一致)
先行词定语从句
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;
定语从句用关系词(_____________ _____________)来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。
1)关系代词:______________________________________
2)关系副词:______________________________________
二、关系词的用法:
(一)关系代词的用法:
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语或宾语。例如:
He is the man who/that wants to marry me.
他就是那个想娶我的人。(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I want to marry.
他就是我想嫁的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
合并:
1. The girl is my sister. The girl is standing on the stage.
_______________________________________________________
2. I don’t know the boy. The boy is in blue shirt.
_______________________________________________________
3. My brother likes the singers. The singers write their own music.
_______________________________________________________
翻译:
1那就是教我们英语的老师。
______________________________________
2你正在等的教授已经来了。
______________________________________
2) whose
用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,可以同of which互换,放在从句主语后面)。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
他有一个朋友的父亲是医生。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
=Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.
合并:
1 He bought a dress. The dress’s price is 100 pounds.
____________________________________________________
2 He has a friend. The friend’s mother is a singer.
_____________________________________________________ 学习必备 欢迎下载
翻译:
1)那个门被打破的教室不久会被修复。
______________________________________________
3)which, that
所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如:
Football is a game which/that is favored by most boys.
足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏。(which / that在句中作主语)
This is the pen (which/that) he bought yesterday.
这是他昨天刚买的钢笔。(which / that在句中作宾语)
合并:
1. I can’t find the book. I bought a book yesterday.
________________________________________________
2. The cat is mine. The cat is playing with a ball.
____________________________________________________
翻译:
1这是他昨天买的钢笔。
____________________________________
2昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。
____________________________________
3他喜欢外国作家写的书。
____________________________________
4他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。
____________________________________
(二)关系副词的用法:
1.when
指时间,在从句中作时间状语
他的先行词通常有:time, day, morning, night, week, year
Shestill remembers the daywhen (= )he proposed.
她还记得他求婚的那一天。
翻译:
1)我仍然记得爷爷去世的那一天。
______________________________________
2)我永远忘不了我们在一起的那些日子。
______________________________________
3)1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。
______________________________________
2.where
指地点,在从句中作地点状语。
它的先行词通常有:place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country
This is the hotel where (= ) they are staying.
This is a factory where (= ) handbags are made.
翻译:
1)惠州是我出生的地方。 学习必备 欢迎下载
___________________________________________
2)这就是他们初次见面的地方。
____________________________________________
3.why
指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reason。如:
That is the reason why (= ) he is leaving so soon.
翻译:
1)请你告诉我你迟到的原因。
_______________________________________
2)我们不知道他受惩罚的原因。
_______________________________________
3)我想知道你不喜欢出去玩的原因。
_______________________________________
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点:
这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构:
when = on (in, at, during…) + which;
where = in (at, on…) + which;
why = for which.
(四) 关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用(即所担当的成分:如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语、地点状语或原因状语时,才能用when, where或why)
关
系
代
词 that which who whom whose
指代对象 人、物 物 人 人 人、物
在从句中的成分 主、宾 主、宾 主、宾 宾 定
关
系
副
词 where when why
指代对象 地点 时间 原因
在从句中的成分 状语 状语 状语
Practice:
1)This is a factory _______ handbags are made.
2)This is a factory ________ makes handbags.
3)I know a place ________ we can have a picnic. 学习必备 欢迎下载
4)I know a place _______ is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.
5)I will never forget the days _______ we spent together.
6)This is the reason ________ he was dismissed.
7)This is the boy ______ father died three years ago.
8) The pencil ________ he wrote was broken.
三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况,对先行词起限定作用,与先行词关系十分密切,不可用逗号隔开,也不可省略,否则全句意义就不完整。如:
She has a son who is working at school.
2.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明,没有限定作用,它与先行词的关系比较松散,因而不是关键性的,如果省略,原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿,在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如:
She has a son, who is working at school.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有:who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where,不可以用that和why
3.两种定语从句的内涵不同,限制性定语从句具有涉他性,而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性,这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较:
She has a son, who is working at school. (只有一个儿子)
=She has a son and he is working at school.
She has a son who is working at school.(不止一个儿子)
4. when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。
四、注意事项
1. 关系代词that,which的用法