第九讲 分词和动名词
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(完整版)非谓语 动名词和现在分词
非谓语动词之现在分词和动名词
现在分词和动名词的形式是一样的,都是doing,但它们的含义和用法存在很大差别,即便都可以做表语、定语,其含义也是大不相同的。
一。现在分词 doing
1、现在分词由动词加“ing”构成,表示主动或正在进行,主要起形容词、副词和动词的作用,可在句中作表语、定语、状语、宾补等成份。
(1) 作表语。(与主语存在主动的逻辑关系)
The news is exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。
The result is amazing. 这个结果令人惊异.
(2)作定语。(与被修饰词之间存在主动的逻辑关系)
Do you know the young man standing under the tree?
你认识站在树下的年轻人吗?
The woman wearing a red coat is my aunt。
穿红外套的女人是我的阿姨.
(3)作状语。(与句子主语存在主动逻辑关系,并且与谓语动作同时发生)
Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano .(时间状语)
经过这所房子的时候,他看到一个女孩正在弹钢琴。
A lot of land has gone with the trees, leaving only sand。(结果状语)
大量的土地已经与树木一起消失了,只留下了沙子。
They wake up their parents , calling “Merry Christmas"(伴随状语)
他们弄醒了他们的父母,喊着“圣诞节快乐”。
(4)作宾补.(与宾语存在主动逻辑关系,并且与谓语动作同时发生)
I hear a girl singing in the next room。
我听到一个女孩正在隔壁唱歌。 (完整版)非谓语 动名词和现在分词
2、现在分词的否定式:not doing
动名词(gerund)和现在分词(present participle)的区别
所谓动名词(gerund)就是名词,只是保有一些动词的功能.所以它在句中可以作主语,宾语,表语,同位语,定语等那些名词可以充当的成分.
而现在分词(present participle)相当于形容词,在句中作定语或者状语
所以当-ing形式出现在句中作主语,宾语,同位语时,它肯定时gerund.
当-ing形式出现在句中作状语时,它肯定是present participle.
它们有可能被弄错的是作表语和定语时.其实也很好区分
1. 作表语: 我们知道, 名词和形容词都可以作表语.
This is water(n.).
It is transparent(adj).
这时你肯定能明白,如果-ing作表语相当于n.它就是gerund. 反之相当于adj.时它就是present.participle.
The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring.
One of the best exercises is swimming.
2. 作定语时的区别我在回答中已经解释了. 动名词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系;现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系.
a sleeping bag.(用途)=a bag for sleeping
a sleeping child = a child is sleeping (child是sleep的主语,sleep是child发出的动作)
(呵呵下面再请你告诉我它们分别是什么吧!
a swimming girl
a swimming pool
现在分词和动名词练习
现在分词部分
1. The old farmer________ the badly-injured and wounded soldier,
came out of the burning house, ________for help.
A. supporting; calling B. supported by; called
C. being supported by; called D. being supporting; called
2. -Oh, it’s already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the
meeting this evening?
-We’ll go on with the matter________ this afternoon.
A. be discussed B. being discussing
C. discussed D. which discussed
3. The brave man died, ________ his young wife nothing but
a________ cottage.
A. left; breaking B. leaving; broken
C. left; broken D. to leave; breaking
4. ________hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam.
A. Having been worked B. Not to have worked
巧辨现在分词和动名词
一、现在分词和动名词作定语时,主要从它们的意义、重读和位置三方面来区别。
①现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作,二者在逻辑上有主谓关系,因而可扩展为定语从句,读时都要重读。例如:
a crying baby( =a baby who is crying)
the boiling water( = the water that is boiling)
②动名词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的用途、所属关系等,不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,因而不能扩展为定语从句,只能扩展为一个表示用途的介词短语,读时只重读动名词。例如:
a bathing suit( = a suit for bathing)一件游泳衣
drinking water( = water for drinking)饮用水
现在分词作定语时,可以后置,而动名词只能放在所修饰的名词前边。
例如:
On the day fllowing( = on the ollowing day)he left for New York.业(现在分词)
Do you have any listening materials? (动名词) 二、现在分词和动名词作表语的辨别方法:
①提问法
能用how对表语提问的是现在分词;能用what提问的是动名词。例如:My job is
interesting. (How is your job?)
My job is teaching. ( What is your job?)
②位置对调法
将表语和主语位置对调,句子仍然成立,且意思通顺的为动名词:香则,为现在分词。例如:
My job is iteresting. Interesting is my job. (不成立)
My job is teaching. →Teaching is my job. (成立)
The ant queen's full time job is laying eggs. →Laying eggs is the ant