中级财务会计Topic 5 Time value of money and voluation
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财务会计中的货币时间价值财务会计中的货币时间价值(Time Value of Money,简称TVM)是指货币在不同时间点的价值差异。
在财务决策中,考虑到时间价值可以帮助企业进行更准确的投资、融资和资本预算决策。
本文将讨论货币时间价值的概念、计算方法以及在财务会计中的应用。
一、货币时间价值的概念货币时间价值指的是同一笔货币在不同时间点的价值并不相等。
由于货币可以通过投资获取回报,所以同样金额的货币未来的价值会比现在的价值高。
这是因为在未来的时间里,货币可以进行投资增值或者用于消费,而当前持有的货币则无法享受到这些增值收益。
二、货币时间价值的计算方法在财务会计中,常用的货币时间价值计算方法有现值、未来值和利息计算。
1. 现值计算现值是指未来一笔现金流量的折现价值。
它表示了未来现金流量在当前时间点的价值。
现值计算需要考虑折现率和未来现金流量的时间点。
常用的现值计算公式如下:PV = CF / (1 + r)^n其中,PV代表现值,CF代表未来现金流量,r代表折现率,n代表未来现金流量发生的期数。
2. 未来值计算未来值是指当前一笔现金流量在未来某个时间点的价值。
它表示了当前现金流量经过一段时间后的价值。
未来值计算需要考虑复利计算和投资期限。
常用的未来值计算公式如下:FV = PV * (1 + r)^n其中,FV代表未来值,PV代表当前现金流量,r代表复利率,n代表投资期限。
3. 利息计算利息是指在一定时间段内所获得或支付的货币增值或减值金额。
利息计算可以通过现值和未来值的差额得出。
常用的利息计算公式如下:I = FV - PV其中,I代表利息,FV代表未来值,PV代表现值。
三、货币时间价值在财务会计中的应用货币时间价值在财务会计中具有广泛的应用,其中主要包括资本预算决策、财务报表分析和债券计息等方面。
1. 资本预算决策在进行资本预算决策时,企业需要评估不同投资项目的现金流量,并且考虑到货币时间价值的影响。
Unit5The Value of MoneyReading and Thinking【教学目标】1.Know the writer Mark Twain and his representative works.2.Learn the main idea of the play and understand the implied meaning.3.Critically think Ts money everything^.【教学重难点】1.Learn the main idea of the play and understand the implied meaning.2.Critically thiiik"Money is everything”.【教学过程】Step1Lead in一Small talkWe know money is very important.We can use money to do a lot of things.So what would you do if you had a million-pound bank note?Get the sb.to discuss the question and share their opinions.Step2Before reading—About Mark TivalnThe Mill i on Pound Bank Note is partly selected from the works by American writer Mark Twain.Now let's know more about the greatest writer in the19,h century.His main novels:Tlie Adventures of Tom Sawyer(《汤姆索亚历险记》)The Prince and the Pauper(《皇子与贫儿》)The Adventures of H ucklebeny Finn(《哈克贝利费恩历险记》)Step3While reading一Task1Read the text and answer the following questions.Then have the Ss share their answers.QI:What bet did Roderick and Oliver make?Q2:How did Henry come to Britain?Q3:How does Henry want the brothers to help him?Q4:Why do you think Hemy does not want the brothers'charity?Q5:Why do you think the brothers chose Henry for their bet?Step4While reading—Task2According to the text,think about what kind of person Henry was and give the reasons.1.He was honest.Evidence:1)Well,I can't say that I have any plans.Well,to be honest,I have none.2)I don't want your charity.I just want a job that earns an honest income.3)He promised not to open the envelope until2o'clock.2.He was hard-working.Evidence:Could you offer me work here?I just want a job that earns an honest income.Step5Post reading一Study the languageUnderstand implied meaningSome sentences have an implied meaning which is not clearly stated.This implied meaning often indicates people's feelings,attitudes,or motives.You can find this implied meaning by looking at the context.You have to read between the lines because the real messages are often hidden beneath the literal meaning.1.Read these sentences and describe Henry's feelings using suitable adjectives.1)Who?Me,sir?(surprised)2)Well, I can t say that I have any plans.As a matter of fact,I landed in Britain by accident,(honest)3)I'm afraid I don't quite follow you,sir.(puzzled)4)Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!If this is your idea of some kindof j oke,I don't tliiiik it's very hinny,(angiy)5) Well,why don't you explain what this is all about?(confused)2.Explain what the speakers mean by saying these sentences.1)I went to the American consulate to seek help,but...Anyway, I didn't daie to try again.The American consulate didn't give him any help and might insult him.which made him gave up asking for help form American consulate forever.2)Ybu mustn't wony about that.It's an advantage.We would help you.We want to find a person like you who can't also seek any help.3) What luck!Brother,what luck!Roderick is very excited about finding such a right person.4)Oh,this is silly.Now that you give it to me,I can open it.It's silly of you to ask me to open until 2o'clock.Step6Post reading—RetellComplete the passage according to the text in Activity5.Then check the correct answers with the class.Step7Critical thinkingSome people think money is very important.Please write an essay with the topic "Is money important?"and present your o\vn idea.Step8HomeworkRetell the story after class.Unit5The Value of MonevReading and Thinking导学案【学习目标】1.Know the writer Mark Twain and his representative works.2.Learn the main idea of the play and understand the implied meaning.3.Critically think"Is money everything”.【学习重难点】1.Learn the main idea of the play and understand the implied meaning.2.Critically think “Money is everything".【学习过程】Step1Lead in一Small talkWe know money is very important.We can use money to do a lot of things.So what would you do if you had a million-pound bank note?Step2Before reading一About Mark TivainThe Million Pound Bank Note is partly selected from the works by the American writer Mark Twain.Now let's know more about the greatest writer in the19th century.Mark Twain(1835-1910),once said,"To believe yourself to be brave is to be brave;it is the only essential thing?"His main novels:Tlie Adventures of Toni Sawyer(《汤姆索亚历险记》)The Prince and the Pauper(《皇子与贫儿》)The Adventures of H uckleberiy Finn(《哈克贝利费恩历险记》)Step3While reading一Task1Read the text and answer the following questions.QI:What bet did Roderick and Oliver make?Q2:How did Henry come to Britain?Q3:How does Henry want the brothers to help him?Q4:Why do you think Henry does not want the brothers'charity?Q5:Why do you think the brothers chose Henry for their bet?Step4While reading—Task2According to the text,think about what kind of person Henry was and give reasons.1.He was.Evidence:2.He was____________Evidence:Step5Post reading—Studv the languageUnderstand implied meaning or feelingSome sentences have an implied meaning which is not clearly stated.Thisimplied meaning often indicates people's feelings,attitudes,or motives.You can find this implied meaning by looking at the context.You have toread between the lines because the real messages are often hidden beneathth e literal meaning.,1.Read these sentences and describe Henry's feelings using suitable adjectives.1)Who?Me,sir?()2)Well, I can't say that I have any plans.As a matter of fact,I landed in Britain by accident.()3)I'm afraid I don't quite follow you,sir.()4)Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!If this is your idea of some kind of j oke,I don't tliink it's very Hinny.()5) Well,why don't you explain what tills is all about?()2.Explain what the speakers mean by saying these sentences.1)I went to the American consulate to seek help,but...Anyway;I didn't dare to try again.2)Ybu mustn't wony about that.It's an advantage.3)What luck!Brother,what luck!4)Oh,this is silly.Step6Post reading一RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Henry,a San Francisco businessman,found himself(1)(carry)out to sea by a strong wind.When he was just about to give himself up.he(2)(spot) by a ship,so he landed in London(3)accident.Hungry and alone,he walked on the streets of the city when he was(4)(expect)called into a house,(5) two rich brothers,Oliver and Roderick,gave him a letter and told him not to open it till two o'clock of the day.Not(6)(know)it was a million-pound bank note,Henry left the house and went into a cheap restaurant to stuff his stomach. Everybody was rude to him(7)he looked poor.Then. Io his surprise,he handed the owner a million-pound bank note to pay(8)the meal.Seeing the note, all the people in the restaurant became polite and tried their best (9)(please)Henry.Don't you think it's(10)most incredible tale in the world? Step7Critical thinkingSome people think money is very important.Please write an essay with the topic "Is money is important?” and present your own idea.。
中级财务管理第二章财务管理基础第一节货币时间价值知识点中级财务管理第二章财务管理基础中,第一节货币时间价值的知识点主要涉及以下几个方面:一、货币时间价值的定义货币时间价值(Time Value of Money, TVM)是指在没有风险和没有通货膨胀的情况下,货币经历一定时间的投资和再投资所增加的价值,也称为资金的时间价值。
这种增加的价值是由于货币的时间延续而带来的额外收益。
二、货币时间价值的表现形式货币时间价值通常通过终值和现值来表现:1. 终值(Future Value, FV):指当前的一定量资金在若干期后所具有的价值。
通常用于计算未来某一时点的资金总额,包括本金和利息的总和。
2. 现值(Present Value, PV):指未来某一时点一定量的资金折算到当前(基准时点)所具有的价值。
现值计算用于评估未来收益在当前的价值,以便进行投资决策。
三、利息的计算方式计算利息的两种方式包括单利和复利:1. 单利(Simple Interest):指按照固定的本金计算利息的一种计息方式,所生利息均不加入本金重复计算利息。
其计算公式为:利息= 本金× 利率× 时间。
2. 复利(Compound Interest):指不仅对本金计算利息,还将各期的利息加入本金再去计算下期利息的一种逐期滚动计算方式。
复利使得资金的增长速度更快,因为利息也在产生利息。
其计算公式为:终值= 本金× (1 + 利率)^时间。
四、年金的计算年金是指间隔期相等的系列等额收付款项,包括普通年金、预付年金、递延年金和永续年金等类型:1. 普通年金(Ordinary Annuity):从第一期起,在一定时期内每期期末等额收付的系列款项。
其终值和现值的计算考虑了每期期末的等额收付。
2. 预付年金(Prepaid Annuity或Annuity Due):从第一期起,在一定时期内每期期初等额收付的系列款项。
由于收付发生在期初,因此其终值和现值的计算需要考虑提前收付的影响。