我的人生追求 What I Have Lived For

罗素自传导言译文对比分析一、原文内容背景介绍What I Lived For是由罗素写的自传。

这是他的一篇咏志散文，若干年来为人们所传诵。

在这短短的几百个个单词中，除却精美准确的用词、飘逸优美的文风和悲天悯人的人文情怀，还有内部环环相扣的紧密逻辑，为人们所叹服。

这是作者在抒发自己的心灵，也是在总结自己生命的体验。

前言部分很好地总结了作者一生的精神生活：“三种激情，简单而又无比强烈的激情——支配了我一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求，以及对人类的苦难不堪忍受的怜悯之情。

”原文是一篇关于人生这样一篇严肃话题咏志散文，为语域中的正式语体。

文章命题清楚，说理透彻，逻辑性强，段落严谨，用词讲究，风格凝重而又不乏诙谐。

充满激情和生动的文字使文章在极具说服力的同时又具有文采。

该自传的译文林林总总，不下数十种，但各有千秋。

经过认真阅读三种不同的译本，并和原文进行对比比较。

二、三种译本的对比分析第一种译本《我一生的追求》（杜争鸣译）；第二种译本《我为什么生活》（泰云译）；第三种译本《我为什么而活着》（胡作玄译）。

首先从题目来看，纵观以上三种译本，基本差不多是属于直译过来的，但是我觉得第一种译文的题目《我一生的追求》（杜争鸣译）更得体，更能符合原文所表达的意境。

第一段第一句的翻译“Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life”，三种译本采取了不同的处理方法，杜译本采取了不改变原文的自然顺序，并同时保留了原文的自然停顿节奏。

而其他两种都是改变了原文的自然顺序，泰译本采取了“合”的思想，直接把三个小短句合为一句话，译成三种单纯而极其强烈的激情支配着我的一生；胡作玄译成对爱情的渴望，对知识的追求，对人类苦难不可遏制的同情心，这三种纯洁但无比强烈的激情支配着我一生。

所以，在第一句的处理上第一种（杜争鸣译）翻译的好，既简明扼要又准确，实际上，这种通过保留语序来保留原文紧凑的方式，译文会更自然、通顺，还能达到高效的目的。

What I Have Lived ForThree passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy---ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness---that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what---at last---I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.译文：我为何而生我的一生被三种简单却又无比强烈的激情所控制：对爱的渴望，对知识的探索和对人类苦难难以抑制的同情。

罗素的《What I Have Lived For》我为何而生——伯兰特·罗素Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.三种单纯然而极其强烈的激情支配着我的一生。

那就是对于爱情的渴望，对于知识的追求，以及对于人类苦难痛彻肺腑的怜悯。

这些激情犹如狂风，把我伸展到绝望边缘的深深的苦海上东抛西掷，使我的生活没有定向I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what--at last--I have found.我追求爱情，首先因为它叫我消魂。

我为什么而活着？[英]伯特仑·罗素三种单纯然而极其强烈的激情支配着我的一生。

那就是对于爱情的渴望，对于知识的追求，以及对于人类苦难痛彻肺腑的怜悯。

这些激情犹如狂风，把我伸展到绝望边缘的深深的苦海上东抛西掷，使我的生活没有定向。

我追求爱情，首先因为它叫我消魂。

爱情使人消魂的魅力使我常常乐意为了几小时这样的快乐而牺牲生活中的其他一切。

我追求爱情，又因为它减轻孤独感－－那种一个颤抖的灵魂望着世界边缘之外冰冷而无生命的无底深渊时所感到的可怕的孤独。

我追求爱情，还因为爱的结合使我在一种神秘的缩影中提前看到了圣者和诗人曾经想像过的天堂。

这就是我所追求的，尽管人的生活似乎还不配享有它，但它毕竟是我终于找到的东西。

我以同样的热情追求知识，我想理解人类的心灵，我想了解星辰为何灿烂，我还试图弄懂毕达哥拉斯学说的力量，是这种力量使我在无常之上高踞主宰地位。

我在这方面略有成就，但不多。

爱情和知识只要存在，总是向上导往天堂。

但是，怜悯又总是把我带回人间。

痛苦的呼喊在我心中反响回荡，孩子们受饥荒煎熬，无辜者被压迫者折磨，孤弱无助的老人在自己的儿子眼中变成可恶的累赘，以及世上触目皆是的孤独、贫困和痈苦－－这些都是对人类应该过的生活的嘲弄。

我渴望能减少罪恶，可我做不到，于是我感到痛苦。

这就是我的一生。

我觉得这一生是值得活的，如果真有可能再给我一次机会，我将欣然再重活—次。

What I have lived for?Bertrand RussellThree passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pit y for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean o f anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of thi s joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, th e prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human li fe, this is what--at last--I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved. Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.教学目标：1、知识与能力理解文章的主旨以及作者的感情。

罗素我为什么而活中英文罗素我为什么而活中英文来源：任炜的日志有三种简单然而无比强烈的激情左右了我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的探索和对人类苦难的难以忍受的怜悯。

这些激情象飓风，无处不在、反复无常地吹拂着我，吹过深重的苦海，濒于绝境。

我寻找爱，首先是因为它使人心醉神迷，这种陶醉是如此的美妙，使我愿意牺牲所有的余生去换取几个小时这样的欣喜。

我寻找爱，还因为它解除孤独，在可怕的孤独中，一颗颤抖的灵魂从世界的边缘看到冰冷、无底、死寂的深渊。

最后，我寻找爱，还因为在爱的交融中，神秘而又具体而微地，我看到了圣贤和诗人们想象出的天堂的前景。

这就是我所寻找的，而且，虽然对人生来说似乎过于美妙，这也是我终于找到了的。

以同样的激情我探索知识。

我希望能够理解人类的心灵。

我希望能够知道群星为何闪烁。

我试图领悟毕达哥拉斯所景仰的数字力量，它支配着此消彼涨。

仅在不大的一定程度上，我达到了此目的。

爱和知识，只要有可能，通向着天堂。

但是怜悯总把我带回尘世。

痛苦呼喊的回声回荡在我的内心。

忍饥挨饿的孩子，惨遭压迫者摧残的受害者，被儿女们视为可憎的负担的无助的老人，连同这整个充满了孤独、贫穷和痛苦的世界，使人类所应有的生活成为了笑柄。

我渴望能够减少邪恶，但是我无能为力，而且我自己也在忍受折磨。

这就是我的一生。

我发现它值得一过。

如果再给我一次机会，我会很高兴地再活它一次。

What I have Lived For ------Bertrand Russell Three passions,simple but overwhelmingly strong,have governed my life:the longing for love,the search for knowledge,and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.These passions,like great winds,have blown me hither and thither,in a wayward course,over a deep ocean of anguish,reaching to the very verge of despair. I have sought love,first,because it brings ecstasy--ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy.I have sought it,next,because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss.I have sought it,finally,because in the union of love I have seen,in a mystic miniature,the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined.This is what I sought,and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what--at last--I have found. With equal passion I have sought knowledge.I have wished to understand the hearts of men.I have wished to know why the stars shine.And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux.A little of this,but not much,I have achieved. Love and knowledge,so far as they were possible,led upward toward the heavens.But always pity brought me back to earth.Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart.Children in famine,victims tortured by oppressors,helpless old people a hated burden to their sons,and the whole world of loneliness,poverty,and pain make a mockery of what human life should be.I long to alleviate the evil, but I can’t ,and I too suffer. This has been my life.I have found it worth living,and would gladly live itagain if the chance were offered me.。

《我为什么而活着》---罗素（中英文版）对爱情的渴望，对知识的追求，对人类苦难不可遏制的同情心，这三种纯洁而无比强烈的激情支配着我的一生。

这三种激情，就像飓风一样，在深深的苦海上，肆意地把我吹来吹去，吹到濒临绝望的边缘。

我寻求爱情，首先因为爱情给我带来狂喜，它如此强烈以致我经常愿意为了几小时的欢愉而牺牲生命中的其他一切。

我寻求爱情，其次是因为爱情可以解除孤寂一—那是一颗震颤的心，在世界的边缘，俯瞰那冰冷死寂、深不可测的深渊。

我寻求爱情，最后是因为在爱情的结合中，我看到圣徒和诗人们所想像的天堂景象的神秘缩影。

这就是我所寻求的，虽然它对人生似乎过于美好，然而最终我还是得到了它。

我以同样的热情寻求知识，我渴望了解人的心灵。

我渴望知道星星为什么闪闪发光，我试图理解毕达哥拉斯的思想威力，即数字支配着万物流转。

这方面我获得一些成就，然而并不多。

爱情和知识，尽其可能地把我引上天堂，但是同情心总把我带回尘世。

痛苦的呼唤经常在我心中回荡，饥饿的儿童，被压迫被折磨者，被儿女视为负担的无助的老人以及充满孤寂、贫穷和痛苦的整个世界，都是对人类应有生活的嘲讽。

我渴望减轻这些不幸，但是我无能为力，而且我自己也深受其害。

这就是我的一生，我觉得值得为它活着。

如果有机会的话，我还乐意再活一次。

What I Have Lived Forby Bertrand RussellThree passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what--at last--I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little ofthis, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.。

罗素的《What I Have Lived For》之阳早格格创做尔为何而死——伯兰特·罗素Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.三种简单然而极其热烈的激情收配着尔的一死.那便是对付于恋爱的渴视，对付于知识的探供，以及对付于人类灾易痛彻肺腑的怜悯.那些激情犹如狂风，把尔伸展到绝视边沿的深深的苦海上东扔西掷，使尔的死计不定背I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness--that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and thoughit might seem too good for human life, this is what--at last--I have found.尔探供恋爱，最先果为它喊尔消魂.恋爱使人消魂的魅力使尔时常乐意为了几小时那样的快乐而死死计中的其余十足.尔探供恋爱，又果为它减少孤独感－－那种一个哆嗦的灵魂视着天下边沿除中酷寒而无死命的无底深渊时所感触的可骇的孤独. 尔探供恋爱，还果为爱的分离使尔正在一种神秘的缩影中提前瞅到了圣者战诗人曾念像过的天堂.那便是尔所探供的，纵然人的死计好像还不配享有它，然而它到底是尔毕竟找到的物品.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.尔以共样的关切探供知识，尔念明白人类的心灵，尔念相识星辰为何暴虐，尔还试图弄懂毕达哥推斯教道的力量，是那种力量使尔正在无常之上下踞主宰职位.尔正在那圆里略有成便，然而已几.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in myheart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.恋爱战知识只消存留，经常进取导往天堂.然而是，怜悯又经常把尔戴回人间.痛苦的呼唤正在尔心中回声回荡，孩子们受饿荒煎熬，无辜者被压迫者合磨，孤强无帮的老人正在自己的女子眼中形成可恶的乏赘，以及世上触目皆是的孤独、贫困战痈苦－－那些皆是对付人类该当过的死计的嘲弄.尔渴视能缩小功恶，可尔干不到，于是尔感触痛苦This s been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me那便是尔的一死.尔感触那一死是值得活的，如果实有大概再给尔一次机会，尔将欣然再沉活—次.Pythagorean power毕达哥推斯“万物皆数”他局里的形貌了培养的本性：“您能通过教习从他人何处赢得知识，然而熏陶您的人却不会果此得来了知识.那便是培养的本性.天下上有许多好佳的物品.佳的天赋不妨从遗传中赢得，如健壮的身体，娇佳的容颜，怯武的本性；有的物品很贵沉，然而已经赋予他人便不再归您所有，如财产，如权力.而比那十足皆贵沉的是知识，只消您全力教习，您便能得到而又不会益伤他人，并大概改变您的天性.”。

现代散文英译汉What I Have Lived ForI 译文提示--原文来源：本单元选自Bertrand Russell: What I Have Lived For,见陈新主编，1999，《英汉文体翻译教程》，北京：北京大学出版社。

--译文来源：译文1来自《我为什么生活》，泰云译，见伍国文等编，1992，《世界文学随笔精品大展》，上海：上海文化出版社。

译文2来自《三种激情》，陈炼佳译，见陈才宇编，1998，《英国散文小书屋》，上海：上海世界图书出版公司。

译文3来自《我生活的目的》，见陈新主编，1999，《英汉文体翻译教程》，北京：北京大学出版社。

--语体特征与翻译策略1〉篇章本单元是一篇关于人生这样一个严肃话题的议论文--散文的一种，为语域中的正式语体。

文章命题清楚，说理透彻，逻辑性强，段落严谨，用词讲究，风格凝重而又不乏诙谐。

充满激情和生动的文字使文章在极具说服力的同时又具有文采。

2〉句式句式严谨，句际关系清楚，如第二自然段中的first,next,finally,because等词语都是表示句际关系的标志性词语。

虽然长句、或含有复句或并列句的长句占大多数，简单短句或口语化的句子也只有几个，但是句式的长短交替在篇章中运用得非常灵活，如同位语与中心语长距离的分隔，宾语前置于主语，主句的主谓之间穿插一个从句，破折号的灵活使用等--这一切形成了明显的篇章语言风格。

3〉语义共核语（正式语体（书卷语）、一般语体（共核）、非正式语体（口语体）在词汇层次、短语层次、句型层次和篇章层次都有区别）仍然为主，但是这些常见的共核语在表意上既简练又准确，如passion一词，就无法用feeling或emotion来替代。

另外正式语体的词也是显而易见的：govern比control正式；hither and thither 为古旧用法，但是用在这里比in all directions显得正式；verge比edge更具有文学色彩，即比喻性用法(metaphorical use)。

《我为什么活着》——罗素What I Have Lived ForBertrand Russell我为什么活着三股简单而非凡强烈的激情一直控制着我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求和对人类苦难不堪忍受的怜悯。

这三股激情，象阵阵巨风，把我在痛苦的海洋的路途中吹得任意东西，变动无常，直吹到了绝望的边缘。

我寻求爱，首先是因为它带来了欣喜若狂之情——欣喜若狂使人如此心醉神迷，我常常愿意牺牲我的全部余生来换取几小时这样的欢乐。

我寻求爱，其次是因为它能解除寂寞——那种可怕的寂寞，如同一个人毛发悚然地从这世界的边缘探望令人战栗的死气沉沉的无底深渊。

我寻求爱，最后是因为在爱的结合中我看到了圣徒们和诗人们所想象的预言中的天堂景象的神秘雏型。

这就是我所寻求的东西，虽然它也许似乎是人生所难以得到的美好事物，但这就是——最后——我终于找到的东西。

我怀着同样的激情寻求知识。

我希望理解人们的心。

我希望知道星星为什么发光。

我力图领悟毕达哥拉斯的才能，他的才能使数字支配着不断变动的事物。

在这方面，我只达到了一小部分，并不很多。

爱和知识，尽其可能，远远地把人引向九天之上。

倡怜悯总是把我带回到地面上来。

痛苦的呼号的回声在我心里回荡。

受饥挨饿的儿童，在压迫者折磨下受苦受难的人们，无依无靠而成为自己子女嫌恶的负担的老人，以及整个孤苦寂寞的世界，穷困与痛苦都在嘲弄着人生，使人们不能过应有的美好生活。

我渴望减轻灾难祸害，但是我力不从心，我自己也在受苦。

这就是我的一生。

我觉得我的一生过得很值得。

如果我还有机会的话，我将乐意再度过这样的一生。

人是能思想的苇草[法]帕斯卡尔思想形成人的伟大。

人只不过是一根苇草，是自然界最脆弱的东西；但他是一根能思想的苇草。

用不着整个宇宙都拿起武器来才能毁灭；一口气、一滴水就足以致他死命了。

然而，纵使宇宙毁灭了他，人却仍然要比致他于死命的东西高贵得多；因为他知道自己要死亡，以及宇宙对他所具有的优势，而宇宙对此却是一无所知。