高中英语词汇详解(1)
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知识感悟一、词汇详解ck vt.&vi.缺乏;缺少n.缺少;缺少的东西【典型例句】She lacks the money to buy new clothes.她缺少钱买新衣服。
In the hot summer the plants lacked water.炎热的夏天,植物缺水。
They lacked for nothing.他们什么都不缺。
He can not buy it because of the lack of money.他因缺钱买不起这个。
Water is a lack of this region.这个地区缺水。
【要点归纳】lack作动词用时,没有被动语态。
lack作名词用时,如果表示“缺少的东西”,前面要加不定冠词。
【相关链接】lack构成的短语：for/by/from lack of因缺乏……;因无……no lack of不缺乏；很多lack in在……缺少［不足］英汉互译(1)Owing to lack of time,we cannot do more than what we have done. ________________________________________________________________________________答案:由于时间不够,我们只能做到这样。
(2)由于时间不够,我的画还没有完成。
________________________________________________________________________________答案:I haven’t finished the painting for lack of time.(3)缺少雨水,地面非常干燥。
________________________________________________________________________________答案:There has been a lack of rain and the ground is very dry.2.advance adj.预先的；在前的n.前进;增长;进步vi.&vt.进展;提升;促进;提出;提前【典型例句】I have received an advance payment.我已收到一笔预付款。
The invention of the wheel is a great advance in human history.在人类历史上车轮的发明是一项巨大进步。
Plane tickets are booked in advance.飞机票要提前预订。
He worked so well that he was soon advanced to the position of secretary.他工作做得很好,不久被提升为秘书。
Chemical fertilizers advance the growth of crops.化肥促进庄稼生长。
It was Hawking that advanced the theory of Black Holes.是霍金提出了“黑洞理论”。
【要点归纳】in advance 在前头;预先,事先in advance of在……前面;比……进步;超过advance on/upon/toward 朝……前进,向……推进;进击单项填空(1)The first quarter of this year has witnessed a big ________in our car production.Which of the following is NOT right?A.improvementB.increaseC.progressD.advance提示:句意为“今年第一季度,我们的汽车生产有了大幅度的提高”。
只有progress是不可数名词,前面不加冠词。
答案:C单句改错(2)Galileo’s ideas were well in the advance of the age in which he lived.________________________________________答案:去掉第一个the(3)The launch of Chang’e 1 satellite to the moon next year will be big advance in the space exploration for our nation.________________________________________答案:big前加a3.think of 想起;回忆起;考虑;想到;认为【典型例句】I often think of my old friends back home.我经常想起远在家乡的老朋友。
When I said that,I was not thinking of her feelings.我讲那话时,并没有考虑到她的感情。
I wouldn’t think of disturbing them at this hour of the night.我不想在这样的深更半夜去打扰他们。
What do you think of the new film the Banquet?你觉得新片《夜宴》怎么样?【要点归纳】What do you think of...?用来询问对方对某事、某人的评价。
【相关链接】think构成的短语：think about 考虑think over 仔细考虑think out想出；设计出think up想出(设计出；发明；编造)介副词填空(1)The plan is well thought ________.答案:of(2)Can’t you think ________a better excuse than that?答案:up(3)I must think ________a way of solving the problem．答案:out(4)I tried to think ________a funny game for the children to play.答案:up(5)We just wouldn’t think ________going without you.答案:of(6)It’s certain that an offer is well worth thinking ________.答案:about(7)What do you think ________my new car?答案:of4.in addition 除此之外;另外【典型例句】When Diane fell,she hurt her arm and,in addition,broke her glasses.黛安妮摔倒时,摔伤了胳臂,还摔坏了眼镜。
In addition to English,he has to study a second foreign language.除英语外,他还得学第二外语。
【要点归纳】in addition和in addition to的用法与besides相同。
【相关链接】besides prep.“除……之外还有……”;adv.“此外”。
包含关系。
except prep.“除了……之外其他都……”,排除关系。
except for prep.“除……外”,叙述了总的情况后,用来排除细节情况。
在句首时可代替except。
except that “除……外”,作逻辑上的宾语。
except when “除……外”,作逻辑上的时间状语。
but prep.“除……外”,常放在疑问代词和不定代词后面。
如:nothing but;who but you。
apart from既可代替besides,也可代替except。
other than“除……之外”。
有时相当于except,有时在句中表示某事发生的条件。
如:You cannot reach the village other than by boat.除了乘船外,你到不了这个小村庄。
单项填空(1)We enjoyed the holiday ________the expense.A.exceptB.besidesC.in addition toD.except for提示:用except for排除细节。
except for有时也可翻译为“要不是……的话”。
答案:D(2)________Japanese,she has to study another foreign language.A.ExceptB.Except forC.In addition toD.Beside提示:句意为“除了日语外,她还得学另一门外语”。
注意:D项beside改为besides也对。
答案:C(3)My family usually go to the seaside to enjoy the sweet sea wind________work occupies me.A.except thatB.except whenC.besides thatD.in addition to提示:except when在此句是时间状语从句,意为“除了工作忙的时候”。
答案:B5.find out了解(到);找出(信息);发现;打听【典型例句】Can you find out Mr Johnson’s address for me?你能帮我查一下约翰逊先生的地址吗?Will you try to find out when the trains leave?请设法打听一下火车发车的时间好吗?She will find out all his secrets.她将发现他所有的秘密。
【相关链接】find,find out和discover的区别：find指找到“丢失的东西”或“偶然发现”某物或某事。
When he got to England,he found that his English was too limited.他到达英国时发现他的英语太有限了。
find out的意思是“查明真相”“弄清楚某个事实”,多指经过探听、询问、调查之后才发现某事。
He has found out the man who stole the key.他已查出了偷钥匙的那个人。
discover指偶然的找到或发现,这时与find同义,也可表示经研究而首次发现早已存在但尚未被人所知的事物、真理或情况,这时与find out同义,但指科学方面的发现时,要用discover。
