《全国高校俄语专业八级水平测试真题精解(2003--2013)》简介

俄语专业八级考试历年综合知识（语法）真题精选1(总分80, 做题时间150分钟)综合知识1.(2005)Квартира у меня на 15-ом этаже, иокна выходят на юг, поэтому и вспальне, и в кабинете всегдамного________.SSS_SINGLE_SELAсолнцаBсолнцеCсолнцDсолнцу分值: 1答案:A本题主要考查的是名词солнце的意义和变格。

不定量数词много要求名词变二格，很显然，答案В 和答案D是最先被排除掉的。

名词солнце在本题中的意义为“阳光”，属物质名词，不能用复数形式，与不定量数词много连用，只能变单数二格，故只有答案А 为正解。

译文：我的房子在十五层，且窗户都朝南，所以卧室和书房总是阳光充足。

2.(2005) Вода озера________славится своейкристальной чистотой ипрозрачностью.SSS_SINGLE_SELAБайкалаBБайкалC«Байкала»D«Байкал»分值: 1答案:B本题主要考查的是名词中同位语的用法。

同位语中表示各种事物名称的是专有名词，首字母要大写，除了地理名词以外，都放在引号中，故答案С和答案D 首先被排除掉。

表示地理名称的同位语中，有的与被说明词一起变格，有的则不变，而本题中的同位语Байкал就是不与被说明的名词озеро—同变二格的，所以只能选择答案В。

译文：贝加尔湖的湖水以其纯净透明而著称。

3.(2009) Я умею водить машину, но мнебольше нравится ездить________.SSS_SINGLE_SELAпо пассажируBпассажирCпассажировDна пассажире分值: 1答案:C本题主要考查的是名词五格与动词搭配在句中作行为方式方法状语的用法。

【百度⽂库 - 俄语国家⽔平考试试题】31.Общее потребление соли, включая соль, ________ в продуктах, не должно превышать 6 граммов в сутки.А) содержащуюсяВ) содержавшуюсяС) содержаннуюD) содержащую本题中考点是形动词的⽤法，要分清主动和被动。

Содержаться 有含在其中的意思。

即有⼩成份含在⼤物件中的意思。

⽽содержать в себе与 включать в себе同义，是包含，即⼤包含⼩。

所以⾷物中的盐本题。

32.Новый метод помог увеличить производительность труда ________ 50 раз.А) более чемВ) более вС) более чем вD) более на本题考点是более 和более чем 的区别，前者是⽐较级，要加名词或数词⼆格，表⽰⽐什么多，⽽如果有前置词则⽤后者。

在07年考题中有⼀个同类型题⽬。

33.В таких зданиях свет льется со всех сторон, ________ нет ни стен, ни потолка.А) какВ) так чтоС) так какD) как будто本题考点是结果，原因，⽐较从句的⽤法。

题⽬的意思是在这样的房⼦⾥阳光从各个⽅向都能射进来。

就像没有墙没有房顶⼀样。

⽽选项⼀是和实现相符的⽐较。

34.Ему нужно было сдавать вступительные экзамены в университет, ________ он и приехал в город.А) зачемВ) когдаС) чтоD) благодаря чему本题考点是接续从句，就是由что 或者带前置词的其他格引导的从句，⽤来代指整个主句内容，也可以⽤зачем.почему.отчего表⽰⽬的原因和结果的意义。

20GG年专业8级考试真题及答案试卷一(95min)PartⅠListeningComprehension(40min)InSectionsA,BandCyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandt henanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarAthecorrectanswertoeachquestio nonyourCOLOREDANSWERSHEET.SECTIONATALAQuestions1to5refertothetalAinthissection.AttheendofthetalAyouwillbegi ven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentothe talA.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutofficesisNOTtrueaccordingtothe talA?A.OfficesthroughouttheworldarebasicallyaliAB.ThereareprimarilytwoAindsofofficelayout.C.OfficesurroundingsusedtodependoncompanyD.OfficeatmosphereinfluencesworA ers’p2.WecaninferfromthetalAthatharmoniousworArelationsmayhaveadirecti mpactonyour____.A.promotionB.colleaguesC.managementD.union3.SupposingyouwereworAinginasmallfirm,whichofthefollowingwouldyo udowhenyouhadsomeA.RequestaformalspecialmeetingwiththeB.Draftaformalagendaforaspecialmeeting.C.ContactaconsultativecommitteeD.AsAtoseethebossforatalAimmediately.4.AccordingtothetalA,theunionplaysthefollowingrolesEGCPETA.mediationB.arbitrationC.negotiationD.representation5.WhichtopicisNOTcoveredinthetalAA.Roleoftheunion.B.WorApanystructure.D.Officelayout.SECTIONBINTERVIEWQuestions6to10arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillb egiven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistento theinterview.6.WhichofthefollowingsatementsisINCORRECTabout David’s personalba cAground?A.HehadeGcellentacademicrecordsatschoolanduniversity.B.HewasonceonaPhDprogrammeatYaleC.HereceivedprofessionaltraininginD.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.7.DavidisinclinedtobelieveinA.aliensC.theTVcharacterernmentconspiracies8.DavidthinAsheisfitfortheTVrolebecauseofhisA.professionaltrainingB.pC.lifeeGperienceD.appearance9.Fromtheinterview,weAnowthatatpresentDavidfeels____.A.asenseoffrustrationB.hauntedbytheunAnownC.confidentbutmoodyD.successfulyetunsatisfied10.HowdoesDavidfeelaboutthedivorceofhisA.Hefeelsasenseofanger.B.Hehasasenseofsadness.C.Ithelpedhimgrowup.D.Itleftnoeffectonhim.SECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTQuestion11isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwill begiven15secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothe11.Whatisthemainideaofthenewsitem?concernovertheforthcomingpeacetalAB.PeaceeffortsbythePalestinianAuthoC.RecommendationsbytheMitchellD.BombattacAsaimedatIsraelicivilians.Question12isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwill begiven15secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.12.SomevoterswillwastetheirballotsbecauseA.theyliAeneithercandidateB.theyareallill-informedC.thecandidatesdonotdiffermuchD.theydonotwanttovotetwiceQuestions13to15arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem, youwillbegiven15secondstoanswereachofthequestions.Nowlistentothen ews.13.AccordingtotheUNHumanDevelopmentReport,whichisthebestplacefo rwomenintheA.Canada.B.TheUS.C.Australia.D.Scandinavia.14.____isinthe12thplaceinoverallranAA.BritainB.FranceC.FinlandD.Switzerland15.AccordingtotheUNreport,theleastdevelopedcountryisA.EthiopiaB.MaliC.SierraLeonD.CentralAfricanRepublicSECTIONDNOTE-TAAINGANDGAP-FILLING Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY. Whilelistening,taAenotesontheimportantpoints.FillineachofthegapswithONEword.Youmayrefertoyournotes.MaAesureth ewordyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyMaslow’s HierarchyofNeeds AbrahamMaslowhasdevelopedafamoustheoryofhumanneeds,whichcanb earrangedinorderofPhysiologicalneeds:themost(1)____onesforsurvival.Theyincludesuchneed sasfood,water,etc.Andthereisusuallyonewaytosatisfytheseneeds.(2)____needs:needsfor〖ZA(〗a)physicalsecurity;b)(3)____security.〖ZA)〗Theformermeansnoillnessorinjury,whilethelatterisconcernedwithfreedo mfrom(4)____,misfortunes,etc.Theseneedscanbemetthroughavarietyofm eans,e.g.jobsecurity,(5)____plans,andsafeworAingconditions. Socialneeds:humanrequirementsfor〖ZA(〗a)loveandaffection;b)asenseofbelonging.〖ZA)〗Therearetwowaystosatisfytheseneeds:〖ZA(〗a)〖ZA(〗formationofrelationshipsatworAplace;〖ZA)〗b)〖ZA(〗formationofrelationshipsoutsideworAplace.〖ZA)〗〖ZA)〗Esteemneeds:〖ZA(〗a)self-esteem,i.e.one’s senseofachievement;b)〖ZA(〗esteemofothers,i.e.others’respectasaresultof one’s(6)____.〖ZA)〗〖ZA)〗Thereneedscanbefulfilledbyachievement,promotion,honours,Self-realizationneeds:needtorealize one’s potential.Waystorealizethesen eedsareindividuallyFeaturesofthehierarchyofneeds:〖ZA(〗a)〖ZA(〗Social,esteemandself-realizationneedsareeGclusively(8)____nees.〖ZA)〗b)〖ZA(#〗NesdsaresatisfiedinafiGedorderfromthebottomup.c)(9)____forneedscomesfromthelowestun-metd)Differentlevelsofneedsmay(10)____whentheycomesintoplay.〖ZA)〗[(10)____〖DZ〗〗ProofreadingandErrorCorrection(15min) ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaGimumofO NEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepas sageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:Foraworngword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneinthebla nAprovidedattheendoftheline.Foramissingword,marAthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”signand writethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblanAprovidedattheendoftheliForanunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/”and putthewordintheblanAprovidedattheendoftheline.EGWhen∧artmuseumwantsaneweGhibit, itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs[JY](2)[themonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseumwantsan[ZZ(Z]eGhibition[ZZ)],itmustoftenbuildit.[JY](3)[ZZ(Z]eGhibit[ZZ)]〖FA)〗〖CSD〗〖CSG〗DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremor eeagerthanovertoestablishfamilies.TheyquicAlybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomenbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethan[JY](1)____ahundredyearsofasteadydecline,producingthe“babyboom”.[JY](2)____Thereyoungadultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelylargefamiliesthatwentformorethantwodecadesandcausedamajorbut[JY](temporaryreversaloflong-termdemographicpatterns.Fromthethroughtheearly1960s,Americansmarriedatahighrateandata[JY](4)____youngeragethantheirEuropecounterparts. Lessnotedbutequallymoresignificant,themanandwomenwhoformedfamiliesbetween1940and1960neverthelessreduced[JY](7)____thedivorcerateafterapostwarpeaA;theirmarriagesremainedtoagreatereGtentthandidthatofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.SincetheUnitedStatesmaintainedits dubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld, thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurinthesameeGtentin[JY](10)____Europe.ContrarytofearsoftheeGperts,theroleofandhomemaAerwasnotPartⅢReadingComprehension(40min) SECTIONAREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotaloffifteenmult iple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarAyouranswersonyour COLOREDANSWERSHEET.TEGTA HostilitytoGypsieshaseGistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14thcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wer eshroudedinmystery.WhatisAnownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoft heirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEas tathousandyearsago,worAingasminstrelsandmercenaries,metalsmithsan dservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies. Aclansystem,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmad ethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefac eofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivis tsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor“man”.B utonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquicAly,withthechurchseeing heresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviourinthei rnomadism.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctiv ebrightclothes,tospeaAtheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,or toplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery—i t wasn’t untilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.Inmorer ecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshal famillionperishedintheHolocaust.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheel sremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenha vebeensterilized,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptionton on-Gypsyfamilies.ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadisti nctethnicgroup,andtheirnumbershaveburgeoned.Todaythereareanestim ated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,maAingthemthecontinent’s largestminority.TheeGactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshavereg ularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanGioustodownplaytheirprofile andbyGypsiesthemselves,seeAingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtore medypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.Hundredsofthousands morehaveemigratedtotheAmericansandelsewhere.WithveryfeweGceptio nsGypsieshaveeGpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unli AetheJews,towhomtheGypsyeGperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan ,”s aidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,“is wheremytwofeet stand.”16.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey____.A.areengagedintraditionalcraftsB.callthemselvesC.liveunderaclansystemD.faceeGternalthreats17.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallth efollowingEGCEPT____.A.theEgyptiansB.theC.thechurchD.theNazis18.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandthe JewsliesintheirconceptsofnguageB.cultureC.identityD.customTeGtBIwasjustaboywhenmyfatherbroughtmetoHarlemforthefirsttime,almost50 yearsago.WestayedattheHotelTheresa,agrandbricAstructureat125thStreetandSeventhAvenus.Once,inthehotelrestaurant,myfatherpointedoutJoe Louis.HeevengotMr.Brown,thehotelmanager,tointroducemetohim,abitp aunchybutstillthechampasfarasIwasconcerned.Muchhaschangedsincethen.Businessandrealestatearebooming.Somesay anewrenaissanceisunderway.Othersdecrywhattheyseeasoutsideforcesru nningroughshodovertheoldHarlem.NewYorAmeantHarlemtome,andasayoungmanIvisiteditwheneverIcould. Butmanyofmyoldhauntsaregone.TheTheresashutdownin1966.Nationalch ainsthatonceignoredHarlemnowanticipateyuppiemoneyandwantpieceso fthisprimeManhattanrealestate.SohereIamonahotAugustafternoon,sittin ginaStarbucAsthattwoyearsagoopenedablocAawayfromtheTheresa,snat chingatmemoriesbetweensipsofhigh-pricedcoffee.Iamabouttoopenupap ieceoftheoldHarlem—theNewYorAAmsterdamNews—whenatouristasAi ngdirectionsto Sylvia’s,aprominentHarlemrestaurant,penetratesmydayd reaming.He’s carryingabooA:HistoricHistory.ImissMr.MichauG’s booAstore,hisHouseofCommonSense,which wasacrossfromtheTheresa.Hehadabigbillboardoutfrontwithbrownandbla cAfacespaintedonitthatsaidinlarge letters:“World HistoryBooAOutleton2 0XX000000AfricansandNonwhitePeoples.”An uglystateofficebuildingha sswallowedthatspace.ImissspeaAerliAeCarlosCooAs,whowasalwaysonthesouthwestcornerof12 5thandSeventh,urginglistenerstosupportAfrica.Harlem’s powerfulpolitic alelectricityseemsunplugged—althoughthestreetsarestillenergized,espe ciallybyWestAfricanimmigrants.HardworAingsouthernnewcomersformedthebulAofthecommunitybacAi nthe1920sand’30s,whenHarlemrenaissanceartists,writers,andintellectu alsgaveitaglitterandrenownthatmadeitthecapitalofblacAAmerica.FromH arlem,W.E.B.Dubois,LangstonHughes,PaulRobeson,ZoraHurston,andoth ershelpedpower America’s culturalinfluencearoundtheworld.Bythe1970sand’80s drugsandcrimehadravagedpartsofthecommunity.A ndthelifeeGpectancyformeninHarlemwaslessthanthatofmeninBanglades h.Harlemhadbecomeasymbolofthedangersofinner-citylife.Now,youwanttoshout“Loo A in’good!”at thisplacethathasbeenneglect edforsolong.CrowdspushintoHarlemUSA,anewshoppingcentreon125th, whereaDisneystoresharesspacewithHMVRecords,theNewYorASportsClu b,andanine-screenMagicJohnsontheatrecompleG.Nearb,aRiteAiddrugst orealsoopened.MaybepartofthereasonHarlemseemstobeundergoingare birthisthatitisfinallygettingwhatmostpeopletaAeforgranted.Harlemisalsopartofan“empowermentzone”—afederaldesignationaime datfosteringeconomicgrowththatwillbringoverhalfabillioninfederal,state, andlocaldollars.Justtheshellsofonceelegantoldbrownstonesnowcancosts everalhundredthousanddollars.RentsaresAyrocAeting.Animprovedecono my,tougherlawenforcement,andcommunityeffortsagainstdrugshavecont ributedtoa60percentdropincrimesince1993.19.AtthebeginningtheauthorseemstoindicatethatHarlemA.hasremainedunchangedalltheseB.hasundergonedrasticC.hasbecomethecapitalofBlacAD.hasremainedasymbolofdangersofinner-citylife20.WhentheauthorrecallsHarlemintheolddays,hehasafeelingofA.indifferenceB.discomfortC.delightD.nostalgia21.HarlemwascalledthecapitalofBlacAAmericainthe1920sand’30s mainl ybecauseofits____.A.artandcultureB.immigrantC.politicalenthusiasmD.distinctivearchitecture22.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat,generallyspeaAing,theauthorA.hasstrongreservationsaboutthechangesB.hasslightreservationsaboutthechangesC.welcomesthechangesinHarlemD.iscompletelyopposedtothechangesTEGTCTheseniorpartner,OliverLambert,studiedtheresumeforthehundredthtime andagainfoundnothinghedisliAedaboutMitchellY.McDeere,atleastnoton paper.Hehadthebrains,theambition,thegoodlooAs.Andhewashungry;wit hhisbacAground,hehadtobe.Hewasmarried,andthatwasmandatory.Thefir mhadneverhiredanunmarriedlawyer,anditfrownedheavilyondivorce,aswe llaswomanizinganddrinAing.Drugtestingwasinthecontract.Hehadadegre einaccounting,passedtheCPAeGamthefirsttimehetooAitandwantedtobea taGlawyer,whichofcoursewasarequirementwithataGfirm.Hewaswhite,and thefirmhadneverhiredablacA.Theymanagedthisbybeingsecretiveandclub bishandneversolicitingjobapplications.Otherfirmssolicited,andhiredblac As.Thisfirmrecruited,andremainedlilywhite.Plus,thefirmwasinMemphis,andthetopblacAswantedNewYorAorWashingtonorChicago.McDeerewasam ale,andtherewerenowomeninthefirm.ThatmistaAehadbeenmadeinthemi d-seventieswhentheyrecruitedthenumberonegradfromHarvard,whohap penedtobeasheandawizardattaGation.Shelastedfourturbulentyearsandw asAilledinacarwrecA.HelooAedgood,onpaper.Hewastheirtopchoice.Infact,forthisyeartherewer enootherprospects.Thelistwasveryshort.ItwasMcDeere,orno Themanagingpartner,RoyceMcAnight,studiedadossierlabeled“MitchellY.McDeere—Harvard.”An inchthicAwithsmallprintandafewphotographs; ithadbeenpreparedbysomeeGCIAagentsinaprivateintelligenceoutfitinBet hesda.Theywereclientsofthefirmandeachyeardidtheinvestigatingfornofe e.ItwaseasyworA,theysaid,checAingoutunsuspectinglawstudents.Theylea rned,forinstance,thathepreferredtoleavetheNortheast,thathewasholding threejoboffers,twoinNewYorAandoneinChicago,andthatthehighestoffer was$76000andthelowestwas$68000.Hewasindemand.Hehadbeengivent heopportunitytocheatonasecuritieseGamduringhissecondyear.Hedecline d,andmadethehighestgradeintheclass.Twomonthsagohehadbeenoffered cocaineatalawschoolparty.Hesaidnoandleftwheneveryonebegansnorting .HedranAanoccasionalbeer,butdrinAingwaseGpensiveandhehadnomone y.Heowedcloseto$23000instudentloans.Hewashungry.RoyceMcAnightflippedthroughthedossierandsmiled.McDeerewastheirm an.LamarQuinwasthirty-twoandnotyetapartner.Hehadbeenbroughtalongtol ooAyoungandactyoungandprojectayouthfulimageforBendini,Lambert&LocAe,whichinfactwasayoungfirm,sincemostofthepartnersretiredintheirlat efortiesorearlyfiftieswithmoneytoburn.HewouldmaAepartnerinthisfirm. WithasiG-figureincomeguaranteedfortherestofhislife,Lamarcouldenjoyth etwelve-hundred-dollartailoredsuitsthathungsocomfortablyfromhistall,a thleticframe.Hestrollednonchalantlyacrossthethousandsuiteandpouredanothercupofdecaf.HechecAedhiswatch.Heglancedatthe twopartnerssittingatthesmallconferencetablenearthemarlooAedatthepar tners,whoslidtheresumeanddossierintoanopenbriefcase.Allthreereached marbuttonedhistopbuttonandopenedthedoor.23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthe firm’s recruitmentrequirement?A.Marriage.B.BacAground.C.Relevantdegree.D.Male.24.ThedetailsoftheprivateinvestigationshowthatthefirmA.wasinterestedinhisfamilybacAB.intendedtochecAouthisotherjoboffersC.wantedtoAnowsomethingabouthisD.wasinterestedinanypersonaldetailoftheman25.Accordingtothepassage,themainreasonLamaQuinwasthereattheinterv iewwasthatA.hisimagecouldhelpimpressMcDeereB.hewouldsoonbecomeapartnerC.hewasgoodatinterviewingD.hisbacAgroundwassimilarto McDeere’s26.WegettheimpressionfromthepassagethatinjobrecruitmentthefirmwasNOTA.selectiveB.secretiveC.perfunctoryD.raciallybiasedTEGTDHarryTrumandidn’t thinAhissuccessorhadtherighttrainingtobepresident .“Poor IAe—it won’t beabitliAethe Army,”he said.“He’ll sittherealldays aying‘do this,do that,’and nothingwill happen.”Truman waswrongabou tIAe.DwightEisenhowerhadledafractiousalliance—you didn’t tellWinston Churchillwhattodo—inamassive,chaoticwar.Hewasusedtopolitics.ButTru man’s insightcouldwellbeappliedtoanother,evenmoreveneratedWashin gtonfigure:theCEO-turnedcabinetsecretary.A20-yearbullmarAethasconvincedusallthatCEOsaregeniuses,sowatchwit hastonishmentthetroublesofDonaldRumsfeldandPaul O’Neill.Herearetw ohighlyregardedbusinessmen,obviouslyintelligentandwell-informed,fou nderingintheirjobs.Actually,weshou ldn’t besurprised.Rumsfeldand O’Neillarenotdoingbad lydespitehavingbeensuccessfulCEOsbutbecauseofit.Therecordofseniorb usinessmeningovernmentisoneofalmostunrelieveddisappointment.Infac t,withtheeGceptionofRobertRubin,itisdifficulttothinAofaCEOwhohadasuc cessfulcareeringovernment.Whyisthis?Well,firsttheCEOhastorecognizethatheisnolongertheCEO.Heis atbestanadvisertotheCEO,thepresident.Buteventhepresidentisnotreallyth eCEO.Nooneis.Powerinacorporationisconcentratedandverticallystructure d.PowerinWashingtonisdiffuseandhorizontallyspreadout.Thesecretarymi ghtthinA he’s inchargeofhisagency.Butthechairmanofthecongressionalcommitteefundingthatagencyfeelsthesame.Inhisfamousstudy“Presidenti alPowerandtheModern Presidents,”Richard NeustadteGplainshowlittlep owerthepresidentactuallyhasandconcludesthattheonlylastingpresidentia lpoweris“the powerto persuade.”TaAe Rumseld’s attempttotransformthecold-warmilitaryintoonegearedf orthefuture.It’s innovativebutdeeplythreateningtoalmosteveryoneinWa shington.TheDefensesecretarydidnottrytosellittotheJointChiefsofStaff,C ongress,thebudgetofficeoftheWhiteHouse.Asaresult,theideaiscollapsing.Second,whatpoweryouhave,youmustusecarefully.ForeGample,O’Neill’spositionasTreasurysecretaryisonewithlittleformalauthority.UnliAeFinanc eministersaroundtheworld,Treasurydoesnotcontrolthebudget.Butithassy mbolicpower.ThesecretaryisseenasthechiefeconomicspoAesmanforthea dministrationand,ifheplaysitright,thechiefeconomicadviserforthepreside nt.O’Neillhasbeenpubliclycriticalofthe IMF’s bailoutpacAagesfordevelopi ngcountrieswhileatthesametimeapprovingsuchpacAagesforTurAey,Arge ntinaandBrazil.Asaresult,hehasgottentheworstofbothworlds.Thebailouts continue,buttheireffectinholsteringinvestorconfidenceislimitedbecauset hemarAetsarerattledbyhissAepticism.Perhapsthegovernment doesn’t dobailoutswell.Butthatleadstoathirdrule :you can’t justquit.JacA Welch’s famouslawforre-engineeringGeneralEle ctricwastobefirstorsecondinanygivenproductcategory,orelsegetoutoftha tbusiness.Butifthegovernment isn’t doingaparticularjobatpeaAlevel,itdoesn’t alwayshavetheoptionofrelievingitselfofthatfunction.ThePentagon probablywastesalotofmoney.Butit can’t getoutofthenational-securitybu siness.TheAeytoformerTreasurysecretary Rubin’s successmayhavebeenthathef ullyunderstoodthatbusinessandgovernmentare,inhiswords,“necessarily andproperlyvery different.”In arecentspeechheeGplained,“Business func tionsaroundonepredominateorganizingprinciple,ernme nt,ontheotherhand,dealswithavastnumberofequallylegitimateandoftenp otentiallycompetingobjectives—foreGample,energyproductionversusen vironmentalprotection,orsafetyregulationsversusproductivity.”Rubin’s eGampleshowsthattalentedpeoplecandowellingovernmentifthe yarewillingtotreatitasitsownseparate,seriousendeavour.Buthavingbeenb athedinacultureofadorationandflattery,it’s difficultforaCEOtobelievehen eedstolistenandlearn,particularlyfromthosedespisedandpoorlypaidspeci mens,politicians,bureaucratsandthemedia.AndevenifheAnowsitintellectu ally,hejust can’t livewithit.27.ForaCEOtobesuccessfulingovernment,hehastoA.regardthepresidentastheB.taAeabsolutecontrolofhisC.eGercisemorepowerthanthecongressionalcommitteeD.becomeacquaintedwithitspowerstructure28.Incommentingon O’Neill’s recordasTreasurySecretary,thepassagese emstoindicatethatA.O’NeillhasfailedtousehispowerB.O’NeillpolicieswerewellreceivedC.O’NeillhasbeenconsistentinhisD.O’NeilluncertainaboutthepacAage he’s approved29.Accordingtothepassage,thedifferencesbetweengovernmentandbusin esslieinthefollowingareasEGCEPTA.natureofactivityB.optinofwithdrawalC.legitimacyofactivityD.powerdistribution30.TheauthorseemstosuggestthatCEO-turnedgovernmentofficialsA.areabletofitintotheirnewB.areunliAelytoadapttotheirnewC.canrespondtonewsituationsintelligentlyD.mayfeeluncertainintheirnewposts SECTIONBSAIMMINGANDSCANNING(10Inthissectiontherearesevenpassageswithtenmultiple-choicequestions.SA imorscanthemasrequiredandthenmarAyouranswersonCOLOREDANSWE RSHEET.TEGTEFirstreadthequestion.31.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith____intheA.travelingB.bigcitiesC.cybercafesD.inventionsNowgothroughTEGTEquicAlytoanswerquestion31.Planningtoansweryoure-mailwhileonholidayinNewYorA?Thatmaynotbee asy.TheInternetmayhavebeeninventedintheUnitedStates,butAmericaison eoftheleastliAelyplaceswhereatravellermightfindanInternetcafe.“EverymajorcityintheworldhasmorecybercafesthanNewYorA,”says JoieAelly,wh .Thenumbersseemtobearherout:accordingtov ariousdirectories,Londonhasmorethan30,Paris19,Istanbul17,butNewYor Ahasonly8.OtherU.S.citiesfarejustaspoorly:LosAngeleshasabout11,Chica gohas4.“Hereit’s quitehardworAtofindacafe.Iwass urprised,”says Mich aelRobson,asportswriterfromYorA,England,whowasvisiblyrelievedtobech ecAinghise-mailatCyberCafenearNewYorA’s TimesSquare.WhythelacAofplacestoplugin?AmericansenjoyoneofthehighestratesofInt ernetaccessfromworAandhomeintheworld,and they’ve neverreallytaAen tocafes.About80percentof CyberCafe’s clients,forinstance,aretouristsfro moverseas.GreeAtycoonSteliosHajiIoannoualsothinAshighpricesdriveaw stNovemberheoppenedabranchofhisInternet-cafechaineasyEv erythinginTimesSquare.With800terminals,it’s thelargestNetcafeinthewo rld.WhilethetypicalAmericancafecharges$8to$12anhour,easyEverythingc harges$1to4.MarAetingmanagerStephaineEngelsensayshalfthe cafe’s cu stomersarelocals.“We getpolicemen,firemen,nurseswho don’t worAatd esAswithcomputers,actorsbetween auditions.”easyEverything isnowplan ningtoopennewlocationsinHarlem,andpossiblySoHo.Unlessthere’s som eculturalshiftafoot,however,NewYorAwillcontinuetolagbehindmetropolis esfromMeGicoCitytoMoscow.TEGTFFirstreadthequestion.32.InthepassagebelowtheauthorprimarilyattemptstoA.criticizeyogisintheWestB.definewhatyoagC.teachyogaposturesD.eGperimentwithyoga NowgothroughTEGTFquicAlytoanswerquestion32.Mostoftheso-calledyogisintheWestseemtofocusonfigurecorrection,nottr ueawareness.TheymaAestatementsaboutyogabeingforthebody,mindand soul.Butthisisjustsemantics.Asanas(postures),whichgetsuchhugeplayinth eWest,arethesmallestaspectofyoga.Eitheryoupracticeyogaasawholeoryo u don’t.Ifoneispracticingjustforhealth,bettertotaAeupwalAing.Needtocu readisease?Seeadoctor.Yogaisnotaboutfancyasanasorbreathcontrol.Nori sitatherapyoraphilosophy.Yogaisaboutinsideawareness.Itistheprocessof unionoftheselfwiththewhole.YogaisbecomingtheBuddha. YogisareeGperimentalists.IntheWest,scientistsresearchmainlyeGternalph enomena.Yogisfocusontheinside.TheyAnowthattheeGternalworldismaya (illusionary)andeverythinginsideissathya(truth).Inmayaeverythinggoes,b utifyouAnowyourselfnothinggoes.TheWesttendstopracticeonlywhatwec allculturalasanasthatfocusontheeGternal.We don’t practiceasanasjustto becomefit.Indianyogishavediscovered8.4millionsuchpostures.Itisessentia ltotrainourbodiestofindthemostcomfortableposethatwecansitinforhours. Beyondthatthereisnoroleforphysicalyoga. Basicallyyogaismadeupoftwoparts:(eGternalyoga)and(internalyoga).TheWestpracticesonlytheformer.Itneedstoenterint o yoga.AfterthatbeginsthetriptotheunAnownwherethemast ermaAesthestudentgraduallyawareateverystage,whereyouAnowthatyou arenotthebodyorthemindandnoteventhesoul.Thatiswhenyougetthefirstt asteof A orenlightenment.Itisthesenseoftheopeningofthesilence,thesensewhereyouloseyourselfandarehappydoingit,whereforthefirstti meyouregohasmergedwiththesuperconsciousness.Youfeelyounolongere Gist,foryouhavewalAedintothevalleyofdeath.AndifyoustartwalAingmorea ndmoreinthisvalley,youbecomefreer.TEGTGFirstreadthequestion.33.The reviewer’s commentsonHenryA issinger’s newbooAarebasically_A.negativeB.noncommittalC.unfoundedD.positiveNowgothroughTEGTGquicAlytoanswerquestion33.WhateveryouthinAofHenryAissinger,youhavetoadmit:themanhasstaying power.WithanewbooA—AmericaNeedaForeign—onthes helves,AissingerisonceagainhelpingtoshapeAmericanthinAingonforeignr elations.ThisisthesiGthdecadeinwhichthatstatementcanbesaidtobetrue.A issinger’s newbooAisterrific.PlainlyintendedasaneGtendedtutorialonp olicyforthenewAmericanAdministration,itisfullofgoodsenseandstuddedw ithoccasionalinsightsthatwillhavereadersnoddingtheirheadsinsilentagree ment.AparticularlygoodchapteronAsiarebuAesanyonewhounthinAinglya ssignsChinatheroleonceplayedbytheSovietUnionasthenaturalantagonist oftheU.S.A issinger’s booAcanalsobereadinanother,andmoreilluminating,light.Itis, inessence,aneGtendedmeditationontheendofaparticularwayoflooAingat theworld:onewheretheprincipalactorsininternationalrelationsarenation-states,pursuingtheirconceptionoftheirownnationalinterest,andinwhichthe basicruleofforeignpolicyisthatonenationdoesnotinterveneintheinternalaf fairsofanother.Studentsofinternationalrelationscallthisthe“Westphaliansystem,”after t he1648PeaceofWestphaliathatended Europe’s ThirtyYearsWar,atimeofin describablecarnagewagedinthenameofcompetingreligions.Thetreatiesth atendedthewarputdomesticarrangements—liAereligion—offlimitstooth erstates.Inthe war’s aftermatharough-rand-readycommitmenttoabalanc eofpoweramongneighbourstooAshape.Aissingerisanotedshcoolofthebal anceofpower.Andheissuspiciousofattemptstomeddleintheinternalbusine ssofothers.YetAissingerisfartoosophisticatedtoattempttorecreateaworldthatis lost.“Tod ay,”hewrites,“te Westphalianorderisinsystematic crisis.”In particular ,nation-statesarenolongerthesoledriversoftheinternationalsystem.Insom ecases,groupsofstates—liAetheEuropeanUnionorMercosur—havedevelo pedtheirownidentitiesandagendas.Economicglobalizationhasbothblurre dtheboundariesbetweennationsandgivenasubstantialinternationalroleto thosegiantcompaniesforwhomsuchboundariesmaAelittlesense.Intoday ’s world,individualscanbeasinfluentialasnations;futurehistoriansmaycon siderthesupportforpublichealthoftheBillandMelindaGatesFoundationtob emorenoteworthythanlastweeA’s UnitedNationsconferenceonAIDS.And alargenumberofinstitutionsarepremisedontheassumptionthatinterventio nintheinternalaffairsofothersisoftendesirable.Werethatnotthecase,Slobo danMilosevicwouldnothavebeensurrenderedlastweeAtothejurisdictionofthewarcrimestribunalintheHague. Theconsequencesofthesechangesareprofound.Aissingerisrighttonotetha tglobalizationhasunderminedtheroleofthenation-statelessinthecaseofth eU.S.(Why?Because it’s morepowerfulthananyoneelse.)Elsewhere,theold waysofthinAingaboutthe“nationalinterest”—thatguidinglightoftheWe stphaliansystem—havefeweradherentsthantheyoncedid.TEGTHFirstreadthequestion.34.InthepassagetheauthoreGpresseshisconcernaboutA.thesurvivalofsmalllanguagesB.globalizationinthepost-ColdWareraC.present-daytechnologicalprogressD.ecologicalimblance NowgothroughTEGTHquicAlytoanswerquestion34.Duringthepastcentury,duetoavarietyoffactors,morethan1000oftheworld ’s languageshavedisappeared,anditispossibletoforeseeatime,perhaps10 0yearsfromnow,whenabouthalfof today’s6000languageswilleitherbede adordying.ThisstartlingrateoflinguisticeGtinctionispossiblebecause96percentofthe world’s languagesarenowspoAenonlyby4percentofthe world’s populati on.Globalizationinthepost-ColdWarerahaswitnessedthecomingoftheinform ationage,whichhasplayedanimportantroleinpromotingeconomicco-oper ationbutwhichhas,atthesametime,helpedfacilitatetheassimilationofsmall。

09全国高校俄语专业八级水平考试考卷和答案上31.0 6 qee noTpe6 畀eHue co 畀u ,BK畀Qqa 刃co 畀b , ______ BnpogykTax , He go畀冰HOnpeBbimaT b 6 rpaMMoB B CyTKU.A) c ogep冰aqyec刃B )c ogepxaBmyracnC) cogep冰aHHye D)cogep冰aqye本题中考点是形动词的用法，要分清主动和被动。

Cogep冰aTbc刃有含在其中的意思。

即有小成份含在大物件中的意思。

而cogepxaT b B ce6e与BK畀QqaT b B ce6e 同义，是包含，即大包含小。

所以食物中的盐本题。

32.H o Bbi访MeTog noMoryBe^uHUT bnpou3BoguTe 畀bH OCT b Tpyga______ 50 pa3.A) 60 畀ee qeMB ) 60 畀ee BC) 60 畀ee neM B D) 60 畀ee Ha本题考点是60畀ee 和60畀ee neM的区别，前者是比较级，要加名词或数词二格，表示比什么多，而如果有前置词则用后者。

在07年考题中有一个同类型题目。

33.B Takux 3gaHUHx CBeT畀b eTCH C0 Bcex CT0p0H , ____________HeT HU CTeH , HU n0T0 畀Ka.A) kakB ) Tak HT0C) Tak kak D) kak 6ygT0本题考点是结果，原因，比较从句的用法。

题目的意思是在这样的房子里阳光从各个方向都能射进来。

就像没有墙没有房顶一样。

而选项一是和实现相符的比较。

34.E My H y冰H0 6bi畀0 cgaBaT b BCTynuTe 畀bH bie Bk3aMeHbi B yHUBepcuTeT , ___________ 0H Unpuexa 畀B r0p0g.A) 3aneMB ) k0rgaC) HT0 D)6 畀a「0gapH neMy本题考点是接续从句，就是由HT0或者带前置词的其他格引导的从句，用来代指整个主句内容，也可以用结果的意义35. y MeH 刃MHoro pa6oTbi______ B Bockpece Hbe M He He npugeTC 刃OTgbixaT b.A) noTOMy HTO B ) Tak HTOC) 3 a HTO D) 3aneM本题考点是结果从句。