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二、选词或词组填空Lesson 1Lash (p1)Eg: He lashed out at the opposition‟s policies.他猛烈抨击反对派的政策。
He beat the prisoner with a lash. The waves are lashing against the rocks. feel the lash of sb‟s tongue领教某人口舌的厉害lash out (on sth.) (infml), spend money freely or extravagantlyEg: This is no time to lash out on a new car. 现在不是奢侈花钱买新车的时候。
Let‟s lash out and have champagne.咱们挥霍一下，喝香槟吧。
Demolish (p3)1---pull or knock down ( a building, etc)--- destroy ( a theory, etc)2 eat (sth) greedilyEg: She demolished two whole pies. They‟ve demolished the slum district.她的文章精辟地批驳了他的论点。
Her article brilliantly demolishes his argument. 让我们不要争吵，商量出事情的解决方案。
(p2)Let‟s reason this out instead of quarrelling.Eg: They waited a good eight hours.他们等了至少8个小时。
It‟s a good three miles to the station.离车站至少三英里。
The government seem confident that they‟ll ride out the storm.The company managed to ride out the scandal.ride out 安然渡过，经受得住(p4)batten down the hatches 1 (船只）在暴雨前做好准备；2 喻）未雨绸缪，做好准备Eg: We forced ourselves to sit the play out.我们强迫自己坐到演出结束。
高级英语第一册课文翻译及词汇第一课词汇(Vocabulary)1.Bazaar (n.) : (in Oriental countries)a market or street of shops and stalls(东方国家的)市场，2. cavern (n．) : a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞)3. shadowy (adj.) : dim；indistinct模糊的；朦胧的4. FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: cornflowerblue" color=white>harmonious (adj．) : having musical tones combined to give a pleasing effect；consonant(音调)和谐的，悦耳的／harmoniously adv．5. throng (n.) :a great number of people gathered together；crowd人群；群集6. conceivable (adj.) : that can be conceived，imagined 可想象的，想得到的7. din (n.) : a loud，continuous noise喧闹声，嘈杂声8. would-be ( adj．) : intended to be预期成为……的；将要成为……的9. muted (adj.) : (of a sound)made softer than is usual(声音)减弱的10. vaulted ( adj．) : having the form of a vault；arched穹窿形的；拱形的11. sepulchral(n．) : suggestive of the grave or burial；dismal；gloomy坟墓般的；阴森森的13. guild ( n．) : any association for mutual aid and the promotion of common interests互助会；协会14. trestle (n.) :a frame consising of a horizontal beam fastened to two pairs of spreading legs，used to support planks（木板）to form a table，platform，etc．支架；脚手台架；搁凳15. impinge (v．) : strike，hit，or dash；have an effect撞击，冲击，冲撞；对……具有影响16. fairyland (n.) : the imaginary land where the fairies live；a lovely enchanting place仙境；奇境17. burnish ( v．) : make or become shiny by rubbing；polish擦亮；磨光；抛光18. brazier ( n.) : a metal pan，bowl，etc．，to hold burning coals or charcoal，as for warming a room or grilling food火盆；火钵19. dim ( v．) :make or grow unclear(使)变暗淡；(使)变模糊20. rhythmic /rhythmical ( adj．) :having rhythm有韵律的；有节奏的／rhythmically adv21. bellows ( n.) :(sing．&p1.)a device that used for blowing fires，etc．(单复同)风箱22. intricate ( adj．) :complex；hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships；full of elaborate detail错综复杂的；精心制作的23. exotic ( adj．) :strange or different in a way that is striking or fascinating奇异的；异常迷人的24. sumptuous ( adj．) :involving great expense；costly lavish豪华的；奢侈的；昂贵的25. maze ( n.) :a confusing，intricate network of winding pathways 迷津；迷宫；曲径26. honeycomb ( v．) :fill with holes like a honeycomb使成蜂窝状27. mosque ( n.) :a Moslem temple or place of worship清真寺；伊斯兰教堂28. caravanserai ／caravansery ( n.) :in the Orient．a kind of inn with a large central court，where caravans stop for the night东方商队(或旅行队)的客店29. disdainful ( n.) :feeling or expressing disdain；scornful and aloof；proud轻视的，轻蔑的；傲慢的／disdainfully adv．30. bale ( n.) :a large bundle大包，大捆31. linseed ( n.) :the seed of flax亚麻籽32. somber ( adj．) :dark and gloomy or dull阴沉的；昏暗的33. pulp ( n.) :a soft，moist，formless mass that sticks together浆34. ramshackle ( adj．) :1ikely to fall to pieces；shaky要倒塌似的，摇摇欲坠的．35. dwarf ( v．) :make small or insignificant；make seem small in comparison使矮小；使无足轻重；使(相形之下)显得渺小；使相形见绌36. vat ( n.) :a large tank tub used for holding liquids大缸；大桶37. nimble ( adj．) :moving or acting quickly and lightly灵活的；敏捷的／nimbly adv．38. girder ( n.) :a large beam that supports a floor, roof, or bridge大梁39. trickle ( n.) :a slow，small flow细流；涓流40. ooze ( v．) :flow or leak out slowly，as through very small holes 渗出；慢慢地流41. runnel ( n.) :runnel a small stream；little brook or rivulet；a small channel or watercourse小溪；小沟；小槽42. glisten (v．) :shine with reflected light, as a polished surface；flash(湿的表面或光滑面)反光；闪耀，闪光43. taut ( adj．) :tightly stretched，as a rope(绳子等)拉紧的，绷紧的短语(Expressions)thread one’s way: move through carefully or slowly，changing direc- tion frequenfly as moving 小心，缓慢地挤过(不断地改变方向)follow suit: to do the same as someone else has done赶潮流，学样narrow down: reduce the number of缩小(范围，数字等)beat down: bargain with(seller)，causing seller to lower price(与卖主)往下砍价make a point of: regard or treat it as necessary认为……是必要的take a hand: join to help帮助，帮忙throw one’s weight on to (sth．): use all one’s strength to press down使劲压在(某物)上set…in motion: set sth．going；launch使…一运动，移动第二课词汇(Vocabulary)reportorial ( adj.) :reporting报道的，报告的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------kimono ( n.) :a loose out garment with short，wide sleeve and a sash。
第一课一、1) little donkeys thread their way among the throngs of people : little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another2) Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market. : Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.3) they narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down. : they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.4) he will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining. : He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.5) As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. : As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.第二课二、1) Serious looking men spoke to one anther as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them. : They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.2) The cab driver’s door popped open at the very sight of a traveler. : As soon as the taxi driver saw a traveler, he immediately opened the door.3) The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. : The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development.4) I experienced a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks. : I suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the scene of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks only.5)The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was. : The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restrained as I was．6)After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible. : After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual to show gratitude．7) I was about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie. : I was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant．His words shocked me out my sad dreamy thinking．8) I thought somehow I had been spared. : I thought for some reason or other no harm had been done to me．第四课四、1) She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand. : She thinks that her sister hasa firm control of her life.2) “no” is a word the world never learned to say to her : She could always have anything she wanted, and life was extremely generous to her.3) Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue. : The popular TV talk show star, Johnny Carson, who is famous for his witty and glib tongue, has to try hard if he wants to catch up with me.4) It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight. : It seems to me that I have talked to them always ready to leave as quickly as possible.5) She washed us in a river of make-believe : She imposed on us lots of falsity.6) burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn’t necessarily need to know : imposed on us a lot of knowledge that is totally useless to us7) Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by. : She is not bright just as she is neither good-looking rich.8) A dress to the ground, in this hot weather. : Dee wore a very long dress even on such a hot day.9) You can see me trying to move a second or two before I make it. : You can see me trying to move my body a couple of seconds before I finally manage to push myself up.10) Anyhow, he soon gives up on Maggie. : Soon he knows that won't do for Maggie, so he stops trying to shake hands with Maggie.11) Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the branches. : As I see Dee is getting tired of this, I don't want to go on either, in fact, I could have traced it far back before the Civil War along the branches of the family tree.12) Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head. : Now and then he and Dee communicated through eye contact in a secretive way.13) Less than that. : If Maggie put the old quilts on the bed, they would be in rags less than five years.14) This was the way she knew God to work. : She knew this was God's arrangement.第五课五、1) Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the USA. : Hitler was hoping that if he attacked Russia, he would win in Britain and the U.S.A. the support of those who were enemies of Communism.2) Winant said the same would be true of the USA. : Winant said the United States would adopt the same attitude.3) My life is much simplified thereby. : In this way, my life is made much easier in this case, it will be much easier for me to decide on my attitude towards events.4) I will unsay no word that I have spoken about it. : I will not take back a single word of what I have said about Communism.5) I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they is an easier and a safer prey. : I can see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, who, after suffering severe losses in the aerial battle of England, now feel happy because they think they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss.6) We shall be strengthened not weakened in determination and in resources. : We shall be more determined and shall make better and fuller use of our resources.7) Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remain. : Let us strengthen our unity and our efforts in the fight against Nazi Germany when we have not yet been overwhelmed and when we are still powerful.第六课六、1) The house detective’s piggy eyes surveyed her sardonically from his gross jowled face. : The house detective's small narrow eyes looked her up and down scornfully from his fat face with a heavy jowl.2) Pretty neat set-up you folks got. : This is a pretty nice room that you have got.3) The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle. : The fat body shook in a chuckle because the man was enjoying the fact that he could afford to do whatever he liked and also he was appreciating the fact that the Duchess knew why he had come.4) He lowered the level of his incongruous falsetto voice. : He had an unnaturally high-pitched voice, now, he lowered the pitch. When he spoke5) The words spat forth with sudden savagery, all pretense of blandness gone. : Ogilvie spat out the words, throwing away his pretended politeness.6) The Duchess of Croydon—three centuries and a half of inbred arrogance behind her—did not yield easily. : The Duchess was supported by her arrogance coming from parents of noble families with a history of three centuries and a half. She wouldn't give up easily.7) “It is no go, old girl. I’m afraid. It was a good try.” : It's no use. What you did just now was a good attempt at trying to save the situation.8) “That’s more like it,” Ogilvie said. He lit the fresh cigar, “Now we’re getting somewhere.”: "That's more acceptable," Ogilvie said. He lit another cigar, "Now we're making some progress.”9) his eyes sardonically on the Duchess as if challenging her objection. : ...he looked at the Duchess sardonically as if he wanted to see if she dared to object to his smoking.10) The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly. : The house detective made noises with his tongue to show his disapproval.第七课七、1) The microelectronic revolution promises to ease, enhance and simplify life in ways undreamed of even by the utopians. : The breakthrough in microelectronics will change people's lives in ways no one has ever thought of before.2) The custom-made object, now restricted to the rich, will be within everyone’s reach. : Although at present only the rich man can afford custom made goods，the average person will be able to afford them in the future．3) The computer might appear to be a dehumanizing factor, but the opposite is in fact true. : The computer might appear to make human beings machinelike，but it can bring some human qualities into our lives as well．4) In no area of American life is personal service so precious as in medical care. : Personal service in medical care is regarded as the most important part of the American life．5) The widest benefits of the electronic revolution will accrue to the young. : It is the young Americans who will gain most of the advantages from the electronic revolution．6) For the mighty army of consumers, the ultimate applications of the computer revolution are still around the bend of a silicon circuit. : Right now，millions of American computer users are not able to make full use of the computer．第九课九、1) a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race : a man who became constantly preoccupied by the moral weaknesses of mankind2) Mark Twain digested the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. : Mark Twain first observed and absorbed the new American experience, and then introduced it to the world in his books or lectures.3) The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied—a cosmos. : In his new profession he could meet people of all kinds.4) Broke and discouraged, he accepted a job as reporter with the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise : Penniless and disheartened, he accepted a job as reporter with Territorial Enterprise in Virginia City. 5) Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist. : Mark Twain began working hard to become well known locally as a newspaper reporter and humorist.6) “and when she projects a new surprise, the grave world smiles as usual, and says’ Well, that is California all over’” : and when California makes a plan for a new surprise, the solemn people in other states of the U.S. smile as usual, making a comment "that's typical of California"7) Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. : The man who had made the world laugh was himself consumed by bitterness.。
Lesson 1 The Middle Eastern BazaarI．1)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt．2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper—smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy．3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar．4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit.5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgetable scene.II .1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.Ⅲ. See the translation of text.IV.1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord2)n. +v..daybreak, moonrise, bullfight3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour6)v. +adv..pullover, buildupV.1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needle.(v.) He threaded through the throng.2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily.3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)Hefailed by a very narrow margin．4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at any price．(v．)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future．5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it．(adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech in a live broadcast．6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4th century．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries．7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation's capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany's mighty Ruhr Valley in industrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story of Snow White and the Dwarfs?Ⅵ．1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc．2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doing a little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc．Ⅶ．1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光，强调光的强度。
高英第一册lesson1vocabulary词汇(Vocabulary)hurricane (n.): a violent tropical cyclone with winds moving at 73 or more miles per hour，often accompanied by torrential rains，and originating usually in the West Indian region飓风lash (v.): move quickly or violently猛烈冲击；拍打pummel (n.): beat or hit with repeated blows，esp．with the fist(尤指用拳头)连续地打course (n.): a way of behaving；mode 0f conduct行为；品行；做法demolish (v.): pull down．tear down，or smash to pieces (a building，etc．)，destroy：ruin拉倒；打碎；拆毁；破坏；毁灭motel (n.):a hotel intended primarily for those traveling by car, usually with direct access from each room to an area for cars 汽车游客旅馆gruff (adj.): rough or surly in manner or speech；harsh and throaty；hoarse粗暴的，粗鲁的；粗哑的。
嘶哑的batten (n.): fasten with battens用压条钉住(或固定)methodically (adv.): orderly，systematically有秩序地；有条理地main (n.): a principal pipe, or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc(自来水，煤气，电等的)总管bathtub (n.): a tub，now usually a bathroom fixture，in which to take a bath浴盆，浴缸generator (n.): a machine for changing mechanical energy into electrical energy；dynamo发电机，发动机scud (v.): run or move swiftly；glide or skim along easily疾行，飞驰；掠过mattress (n.): a casing of strong cloth or other fabric filled with cotton，hair，foam rubber，etc．床垫；褥子pane (n.):a single division of a window，etc.，consisting of a sheet of glass in a frame；such a sheet of glass窗格；窗格玻璃disintegrate (v.): separate into parts or fragments; break up；disunite分裂，分解，裂成碎块blast (n.): a strong rush of(air or wind)一股(气流)；一阵(风)douse (n.): plunge or thrust suddenly into liquid；drench; pour liquid over把…浸入液体里；使浸透；泼液体在…上brigade (n.): a group of people organized to function。
⾼级英语第⼀册详细讲解Lesson one The Middle Eastern Bazaar⼀． Background information⼆．Brief overview and writing styleThis text is a piece of description. In this article, the author describes a vivid and live scene of noisy hilarity of the Middle Eastern Bazaar to readers. At first, he describes the general atmosphere of the bazaar. The entrance of the bazaar is aged and noisy. However, as one goes through the bazaar, the noise the entrance fades away. One of the peculiarities of the Eastern bazaar is that shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods gather in the same area. Then the author introduces some strategies for bargaining with the seller in the bazaar which are quite useful. After that he describes some impressive specific market of the bazaar particularly including the copper-smiths market, the carpet-market, the spice-market, the food-market, the dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenter’s market which honeycomb the bazaar. The typical animal in desert----camels----can also attract attention by their disdainful expressions. To the author the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar is the place where people make linseed oil. Hence he describes this complicated course with great details.The author’s vivid and splendid description takes readers back to hundreds of thousands of years age to the aged middle eastern bazaar, which gives the article an obvious diachronic and spatial sense. The appeal to readers’ visual and hearing sense throughout the description is also a marked feature of this piece of writing. In short, being a Westerner, the author views the oriental culture and civilization as old and backward but interesting and fantastic. Through careful observation and detailed comparison, the author depicts some new and original peculiarities of the Middle Eastern bazaar which are unique and distinguished.三．Detailed study of the textParagraph 1 the general atmosphere of the bazaar1. The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back…of years:1) Middle East: generally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, includingthe Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey.2) A bazaar is an oriental market-place where a variety of goods is sold. The wordperhaps comes from the Persian word bazar.（中东和印度等的）集市，市场was ancient, the bricks and stones were aged and the economy was a handicraft economy which no longer existed in the West.2. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered…:1) is entered..: The present tense used here is called “historical present(历史现在时)”. It is used for vividness.2) Gothic: of a style of building in Western Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries,with pointed arches , arched roofs, tall thin pillars, and stained glass windows.3) aged: having existed long; very old3. You pass from the heat and glare of a big open square into a cool, dark cavern…: 1) Here “the heat” is contrasted with “cool”, “glare” with “dark”, and“open square” with “cavern”.2) glare: strong, fierce, unpleasant light, not so agreeable and welcome as “brightsunlight”.强光，耀眼的光3) “cavern” here does not really mean a cave or an underground chamber. Fromthe text we can see it is a long, narrow, dark street of workshops and shops with some sort of a roof over them.⼤洞⽳（尤指⼤⽽⿊的）and the brightness of the sunlight is most disagreeable. But when you enter the gateway, you come to a long, narrow, dark street with some sort of a roof over it and it is cool inside.4. which extends as far as the eye can see:The word eye and ear are used in the singular not to mean the concrete organ of sight or hearing but something abstract; they are often used figuratively. Here the eye means man’s power of seeing or eyesight. .1)She has an eye for beauty.2)The boy has a sharp eye.3)To turn a blind eye / a deaf ear to sth or sb.4)His words are unpleasant to the ear.5. losing itself in the shadowy distance…: shadowy suggests shifting illumination and distinct. . A zig-zag path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods.（⼀条蜿蜒的⼩路隐没在树荫深处。
Lesson1 topic1.Hurricane Katrina2.My experience of an earthquake(or a flood, or a typhoon, or a bad accident, etc)Lesson3 topicDescribe and comment on one of the three characters in the text.Write an essay titled Reflections on “Blackmail” with300 words in English.You can approach the essay from the following perspectives.•The characterization of the three characters.•The preparation for the climax of the story.•The morality or immorality of the Duchess.Lesson41.William Jennings Bryan and the fundamentalist movement in the 1920s2.the effects of the Scopes ”Monkey Trial”Lesson61.Mark Twain’s life2.My favorite book by Mark Twain3.The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn(or Tom Sawyer)Lesson71.Alice Walker and her workpare the two sisters Dee and Maggiement on the character of Mrs.Johnson•Vocabulary Test•Lesson 1 book 11.The crew had been mustered to______the hatches.a. batten down 板条钉住b. sit outc. come byd. trail away•The crew had been mustered to batten down the hatches.•所有船员被集合起来进行封舱以防暴风雨袭击.2. If clouds______along, they move quickly and smoothly through the sky.Scramble爬 b. clutch抓住 c. scud疾行 d. perish死亡•If clouds scud along, they move quickly and smoothly through the sky.•(云彩)掠过3. He received a_______of her hand on his cheek.a. swathb. lash 抽打c. slashd. pitch•He received a lash of her hand on his cheek.•他突然被她打了一记耳光.4. The thief was pushed and________ by an angry crowd.a.raged 动怒b. lapped包围c. cowered畏缩d. pummeled击打The thief was pushed and pummeled by an angry crowd.一群人推搡并痛打小偷。
高级英语第一册重点难点Lesson 1 Rock superstars: what do they tell us about ourselves and our society?AdulationBaptismalBewildermentColiseumCrunchGuillotinePilgrimageRamblerReverenceVariety showBy a man’s heroes ye shall know him.Nuclear falloutA.1. The purpose of the two quotations is to support the author’s main idea that American youngsters see rock stars as their heroes because rock music reflects their spirit of rebellion.2. The author attempt to illustrate that rock music is accepted by many people, especially the young.3. According to Irving Horowitz, the sociological significance of rock music is that it helps American society to define and redefine its beliefs and feelings.8. The author hasn’t given a complete answer to the question he raised in the title. He wants to set readers thinking and drawing a conclusion by themselves.B.2. How do you feel about all this adulation and hero worship?3. Or are you drawn somehow to this strange clown, perhaps because he acts out your wildest fantasies?4. Some sociologists say that your answers to them could explain a lot about what you are thinking and about what your society is thinking—in other words, where you and your society are.6. Feelings, always a part of any musical statement, were a major subject.Lesson 2 Four choice for young peopleAffluentAntecedentBatten on: 靠损害他人养肥自己BucolicCharismaticClutterDisillusionmentDwindlingExasperatingExpedientFormidableHallucinogenHolocaustInsuperableIrrationalityNoisomeParasitePastoralSanitarySenescenceSewageSkepticismStuffyTediousUndignifiedUnsulliedVehementlyContemporaryHarshnessIntolerableUglinessGlamourRemedyFreshman, sophomore, junior and senior1.What have they got to teach our generation? That kind of lesson we can do without.They have got nothing to teach our generation. We don’t need that kind of instructions, for we can manage thing by ourselves without them.2.These conclusions strike me as reasonable, at least from their point of view.我觉得这些结论合情合理，至少从他们的角度来看是这样的。
MarrakechGeorge Orwell1 As the corpse went past the flies left the restaurant table in a cloud and rushed after it, but they came back a few minutes later.2 The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. What really appeals to the flies is that the corpses here are never put into coffins, they are merely wrapped in a piece of rag and carried on a rough wooden bier on the shoulders of four friends. When the friends get to the burying-ground they hack an oblong hole a foot or two deep, dump the body in it and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like broken brick. No gravestone, no name, no identifying mark of any kind. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. After a month or two no one can even be certain where his own relatives are buried.3 When you walk through a town like this -- two hundred thousand inhabitants of whom at least twenty thousand own literally nothing except the rags they stand up in-- when you see how the people live, and still more how easily they die, it is always difficult to believe that you are walking among human beings. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact. The people have brown faces--besides, there are so many of them! Are they really the same flesh as yourself? Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects? They rise out of the earth，they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. And even the graves themselves soon fade back into the soil. Sometimes, out for a walk as you break your way through the prickly pear, you notice that it is rather bumpy underfoot, and onlya certain regularity in the bumps tells you that you are walking over skeletons.4 I was feeding one of the gazelles in the public gardens.5 Gazelles are almost the only animals that look good to eat when they are still alive, in fact, one can hardly look at their hindquarters without thinking of a mint sauce. The gazelle I was feeding seemed to know that this thought was in my mind, for though it took the piece of bread I was holding out it obviously did not like me. It nibbled rapidly at the bread, then lowered its head and tried to butt me, then took another nibble and then butted again. Probably its idea was that if it could drive me away the bread would somehow remain hanging in mid-air.6 An Arab navvy working on the path nearby lowered his heavy hoe and sidled slowly towards us. He looked from the gazelle to the bread and from the bread to the gazelle, with a sort of quiet amazement, as though he had never seen anything quite like this before. Finally he said shyly in French: “I could eat some of that bread.”7 I tore off a piece and he stowed it gratefully in some secret place under his rags. This man is an employee of the municipality.8 When you go through the Jewish Quarters you gather some idea of what the medieval ghettoes were probably like. Under their Moorish rulers the Jews were only allowed to own land in certain restricted areas, and after centuries of this kind of treatment they have ceased to bother aboutovercrowding. Many of the streets are a good deal less than six feet wide, the houses are completely windowless, and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. Down the centre of the street there is generally running a little river of urine.9 In the bazaar huge families of Jews, all dressed in the long black robe and little black skull-cap, are working in dark fly-infested booths that look like caves. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chairlegs at lightning speed. He works the lathe with a bow in his right hand and guides the chisel with his left foot, and thanks to a lifetime of sitting in this position his left leg is warped out of shape. At his side his grandson, aged six, is already starting on the simpler parts of the job.10 I was just passing the coppersmiths’ booths when somebody noticed that I was lighting a cigarette. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamouring for a cigarette. Even a blind man somewhere at the back of one of the booths heard a rumour of cigarettes and came crawling out, groping in the air with his hand. In about a minute I had used up the whole packet. None of these people, I suppose, works less than twelve hours a day, and every one of them looks on a cigarette asa more or less impossible luxury.11 As the Jews live in self-contained communities they follow the same trades as the Arabs, except for agriculture. Fruitsellers, potters, silversmiths, blacksmiths, butchers, leather-workers, tailors, water-carriers, beggars, porters -- whichever way you look you see nothing but Jews. As a matter of fact there are thirteen thousand of them, all living in the space of a few acres. A good job Hitler wasn’t here. Perhaps he was on his way, however. You hear the usual dark rumours about Jews, not only from the Arabs but from the poorer Europeans.12 “Yes vieux mon vieux, they took my job away from me and gave it to a Jew. The Jews! They’re the real rulers of this country, you know. They’ve got all the money. They control the banks, finance -- everything.”13 “But”, I said, “isn’t it a fact that the average Jew is a labourer working for about a penny an hour?”14 “Ah, that’s only for show! They’re all money lenders really. They’re cunning, the Jews.”15 In just the same way, a couple of hundred years ago, poor old women used to be burned for witchcraft when they could not even work enough magic to get themselves a square meal.16 All people who work with their hands are partly invisible, and the more important the work they do, the less visible they are. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. In northern Europe, when you see a labourer ploughing a field, you probably give him a second glance. In a hot country, anywhere south of Gibraltar or east of Suez, the chances are that you don’t even see him. I have noticed this again and again. In a tropical landscape one’s eye takes in everything except the human beings. It takes in the dried-up soil, the prickly pear, the palm tree and the distant mountain, but it always misses the peasant hoeing at his patch. He is the same colour as the earth, and a great deal less interesting to look at.17 It is only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. But where the human beings have brown skins their poverty is simply not noticed. What does Morocco mean to a Frenchman? An orange grove or a job in Government service. Or to an Englishman? Camels,castles, palm trees, Foreign Legionnaires, brass trays, and bandits. One could probably live there for years without noticing that for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless back-breaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.18 Most of Morocco is so desolate that no wild animal bigger than a hare can live on it. Huge areas which were once covered with forest have turned into a treeless waste where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick. Nevertheless a good deal of it is cultivated, with frightful labour. Everything is done by hand. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the fields, tearing up the prickly weeds with their hands, and the peasant gathering lucerne for fodder pulls it up stalk by stalk instead of reaping it, thus saving an inch or two on each stalk. The plough is a wretched wooden thing, so frail that one can easily carry it on one’s shoulder, and fitted underneath with a rough iron spike which stirs the soil to a depth of about four inches. This is as much as the strength of the animals is equal to. It is usual to plough with a cow and a donkey yoked together. Two donkeys would not be quite strong enough, but on the other hand two cows would cost a little more to feed. The peasants possess no narrows, they merely plough the soil several times over in different directions, finally leaving it in rough furrows, after which the whole field has to be shaped with hoes into small oblong patches to conserve water. Except for a day or two after the rare rainstorms there is never enough water. Along the edges of the fields channels are hacked out to a depth of thirty or forty feet to get at the tiny trickles which run through the subsoil.19 Every afternoon a file of very old women passes down the road outside my house, each carrying a load of firewood. All of them are mummified with age and the sun, and all of them are tiny. It seems to be generally the case in primitive communities that the women, when they get beyond a certain age, shrink to the size of children. One day poor creature who could not have been more than four feet tall crept past me under a vast load of wood. I stopped her and put a five-sou piece into her hand. She answered with a shrill wail, almost a scream, which was partly gratitude but mainly surprise. I suppose that from her point of view, by taking any notice of her, I seemed almost to be violating a law of nature. She accept- ed her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. When a family is travelling it is quite usual to see a father and a grown-up son riding ahead on donkeys, and an old woman following on foot, carrying the baggage.20 But what is strange about these people is their invisibility. For several weeks, always at about the same time of day, the file of old women had hobbled past the house with their firewood, and though they had registered themselves on my eyeballs I cannot truly say that I had seen them. Firewood was passing -- that was how I saw it. It was only that one day I happened to be walking behind them, and the curious up-and-down motion of a load of wood drew my attention to the human being beneath it. Then for the first time I noticed the poor old earth-coloured bodies, bodies reduced to bones and leathery skin, bent double under the crushing weight. Yet I suppose I had not been five minutes on Moroccan soil before I noticed the overloading of the donkeys and was infuriated by it. There is no question that the donkeys are damnably treated. The Moroccan donkey is hardly bigger than a St. Bernard dog, it carries a load which in the British Army would be considered too much for a fifteen-hands mule, and very often its packsaddle is not taken off its back for weeks together. But what is peculiarly pitiful is that it is the most willing creature on earth, it follows its master like a dog and does not need either bridle or halter. After a dozen years of devoted work it suddenly drops dead, whereupon its master tips it into the ditch and the village dogs have torn its guts out before it is cold.21 This kind of thing makes one’s blood boil, whereas -- on the whole -- the plight of the human beings does not. I am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. Anyone can be sorry for the donkey with its galled back, but it is generally owing to some kind of accident if one even notices the old woman under her load of sticks.22 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward -- a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.23 They were Senegalese, the blackest Negroes in Africa, so black that sometimes it is difficult to see whereabouts on their necks the hair begins. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms, their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood, and every tin hat seemed to be a couple of sizes too small. It was very hot and the men had marched a long way. They slumped under the weight of their packs and the curiously sensitive black faces were glistening with sweat.24 As they went past, a tall, very young Negro turned and caught my eye. But the look he gave me was not in the least the kind of look you might expect. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. It was the shy, wide-eyed Negro look, which actually is a look of profound respect. I saw how it was. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. He has been taught that the white race are his masters, and he still believes it.25 But there is one thought which every white man (and in this connection it doesn’t matter twopence if he calls himself a socialist) thinks when he sees a black army marching past. “How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?”26 It was curious really. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. I had it, so had the other onlookers, so had the officers on their sweating chargers and the white N. C. Os marching in the ranks. It was a kind of secret which we all knew and were too clever to tell; only the Negroes didn’t know it. And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of Paper.(from Reading for Rhetoric, by Caroline Shrodes, Clifford A. Josephson and James R. Wilson)。
I. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%, 1 point for each, 10mins)1.___________ there should have been gentle green waves lapping against the sideof the ship, there was nothing but dry sand.A. WhereB. WhatC. WhichD. When 2．Bargaining can go on the whole day, or even several days, with customers _______ at intervals.A. comes and goesing and goingC. came and wentD. willcome and go3．In each shop sit the apprentices—boys and youths, some of them incredibly young—______ at copper vessels of all shapes and sizes.A. hammeringB. hammering awayC. hammerD. hammer away4. Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls __D_____ with delicate and intricate traditional designs.A. engraveB. to engraveC. engravingD. engraved5. Seldom ___B____ such a world renown.A. a city has gainedB. has a city gainedC. did a city gainD. a city gained6. I felt sick, and ever since then they __B____ me.A. have tested and treatedB. have been testing and treatingC. tested and treatedD. were testing and treating7. Stretchers and wheelchairs lined the walls of endless corridor, and nurses walked by carrying nickel-plate instruments, the very sight of ___D__ would send shivers down the spine of any healthy visitor.A. itB. thisC. whatD. which8．The concentration of Carbon dioxide has increase by 25% since WWII, ___A___ a worldwide threat to the earth.A. posingB. posesC. posedD. to pose9. Acre by acre, the rain forest ___B___ to create fast pasture for fast-food beef.A. is burntB. is being burnedC. has been burningD. has burned10. The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process ___B___ the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet radiation.A. in whichB. by whichC. from whichD. of which11. The din of the stall-holders crying their wares …and of __A__purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy.A. would-beB. will-beC. shall-beD. could-be12. Little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos__A__ teenagers and women in western dress.A. rubbed shoulders withB. rubbed shoulder withC. rubbed the shoulder withD. rubbed the shoulders with13. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells__C___ their way among throngs of people.A. makeB. clearC. threadD. penetrate14. The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, _B____ the sound of footsteps, and the vaulted mud-brick walls and roof have hardly any sound to echo.A. weakensB. deadensC. softensD. decreases15.The sound grows louder and more ___A__, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes.A. distinctB. distinctiveC. clearD. distinguish16. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as ___B___ as I was.A. inhibitingB. inhibitedC. InhabitedD. inhabiting17. They would also like to ___B__ the atomic museum.A. tearB. demolishC. destroyD. damage18. I was standing in the sun on the hot steel deck of a fishing ship _C____ processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day.A. able toB. equipped withC. capable ofD. comparable to19.Men tear tucks from elephant’s heads in ___B____threaten the beast with extinction.A. such quality as toB. such quantity as toC. so quality thatD. so quantity that20. But it is precisely that assumption which must now ___B___ so that we can thinkstrategically about our new relationship to the environment.A. discardB. be discardedC. get rid ofD. Cast20. But it is precisely that assumption which must now __discard____ so that we canthink strategically about our new relationship to the environment.A. discardB. be discardedC. get rid ofD. Cast21. the heat and __glare____ of a big, open squareA. glareB. sunnyC. brightnessD. gloomy22. the ___din___ of stall-holders crying their waresA.noiseB. voiceC. soundD. din23. the sound grows louder and more ___distinct___A. clearerB. distinctC. brightD. noticeable24. carpets with ___varied___ texturesA.variedB. variousC. differentD. distinct25. the spice-market with its pungent and __exotic____ smellsA.strangeB. foreignC. nativeD. exotic26. three __massive____ stone wheelsA. bigB. hugeC. massiveD. great27. a camel, which walks __constantly____A.endlesslyB. constantlyC. ceaselesslyD. continuously28. He __grinned____ at me in the rear-view mirror.A.grinnedB. laughedC. sawD. looked29. He __sketched____ a little map on the back of my invitation.A.drewB. sketchedC. paintedD. wrote30. I treaded __cautiously____ on the tatami matting.A.cautiouslyB. carefullyC. charilyD. warily31. I stood on the ___C___ of the first atomic bombardment.A.spotB. locationC. siteD. place32. They would also like to ___D___ the atomic museum.A.destroyB. breakC. removeD. demolish33. It is the ___B___ city in Japan.A.most delightfulB. gayestC. saddestD. happiest34. The old fisherman ___A___ at me politely and with interest.A.gazedB. staredC. lookedD. saw35. The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process ___B___ the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet radiation.A. in whichB. by whichC. from whichD. of which36. The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process ______ the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet radiation.A. in whichB. by whichC. from whichD. of which37. Little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos__A__ teenagers and women in western dress.A. rubbed shoulders withB. rubbed shoulder withC. rubbed the shoulder withD. rubbed the shoulders with38. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells___C__ their way among throngs of people.A. makeB. clearC. threadD. penetrate39. The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, __B___ the sound of footsteps, and the vaulted mud-brick walls and roof have hardly any sound to echo.A. weakensB. deadensC. softensD. Decreases40. But it is precisely that assumption which must now ___A___ so that we can think strategically about our new relationship to the environment.A. discardB. be discardedC. get rid ofD. CastII. Rhetoric1. As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear.(onomatopoeia)2. You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, dark cavern.metaphor3. It is a vast, somber cavern of a room..(metaphor4. Hiroshima is the “liveliest” in Japan. personification5. ...and welcome to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its---oysters. anti-climax6. ...but as I looked out over the bow, the prospect of a good catch looked bleak. (onomatopoeia)7. … as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station. （alliteration）8. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.metonymy9. Was I not at the scene of the crime?rhetorical question10. Camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay.(personification)III. Paraphrase1. Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market.)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.2.He will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining.)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.3. Serious-looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them. They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.4. I thought somehow I had been spared.)I thought for some reason or other no harm had been done to me．5. The prospects of a good catch look bleak.)It was not at all possible to catch a large amount of fish.6. little donkeys thread their way among the throngs of people)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another7. they narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down.)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.8. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was. )The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restrained as 1 was．IV. Translation1. 一条蜿蜒的小路隐没在树荫深处。
