连词与介词的区别

  • 格式:docx
  • 大小:18.49 KB
  • 文档页数:5

连词与介词的区别

我们在学习一种语言的时候经常会学习的语言的语法,那么你知道连词和介词的区别是什么吗?下面是店铺为你整理的连词与介词的区别,供大家阅览!

介词和连词的区别:

介词不能单独作句子成分,但介词在介词短语中是两个实质性结构成分中(介词+名词性词语)的一个;而连词在实质性结构中只起连接作用。下面以“和”为例谈谈如何区别介词和连词。①当“和”作介词的时候,“和”前后的成分不能互换,前面可加副词作状语,后面可以有停顿。②当“和”作连词的时候,“和”前后的成分可以互换,前面不能加副词性修饰成分,后面不能停顿。

一、介词的分类与语法功能

1. 介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。

介词分为:

① 简单介词,如at、in、for等;

② 合成介词,如within、inside、onto、througout等;

③ 短语介词,如according to、out of、because of、by means

of、in spite of、instead of等。

④ 双重介词,如from behind / above / under、until after等。

⑤ 分词介词,如considering、including、judging(from / by)

等。

常见的介词宾语:名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。

如:

①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather

forecast.

②He quarrelled with her yesterday.

③He succeeded in passing the final exam. ④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.

⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English

well.

2. 介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。

如:

①This machine is in good condition.(表语)

②Where is the key to my bike?(定语)

③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)

④She always thinks herself above others.(宾补)

二、介词的搭配

1. “动词+介词”搭配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。

①rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意 义的动词与of 连用)

②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine(“供给”意义的动词与with连用)

③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the

material into a coat(“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用)

④介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系(=动词 + sb.’s + 部位,可换用)

strike him on the head(“击,拍,碰,摸”意义与on连用) c

atch him by the arm(“抓,拉,拿,扯”意义与by连用)

hit the boy in the face(“肚,胸,眼,脸”等人体前部与in连用)

⑤prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止,禁止”意义与from连用)

⑥persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.(“说服,建议”意义与into连用)

⑦buy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for连用) ⑧tell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用)

⑨give sth. to sb.(give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用)

注意:⑦⑧⑨可换成buy sb.sth.双宾结构。

⑩say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb.sth.。

同一介词与不同动词搭配,意义各异

reply to the letter回信,

sing(dance)to the music和....唱(跳),

amount to 达到,加起来有....,

devote to把...贡献给,

drink to为....干杯,

object to反对,

look forward to 渴望,

come to苏醒,

belong to属于,

search for搜...,

ask … for … 寻找,

use … for用作,

leave for前往,

take … for误以为,

call of倡导,

wait for等待,

care for喜欢,

make up for弥补损失,

turn to求助(救)于,

help oneself to随意,

agree to同意,

compare … to把...比作, send for派人去请(拿)...,

sail for驶向,航向,

set out for动身去,

go in for爱好„„。

2. 常见“形容词 + 介词”搭配。

worthy of值得的,

glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴,

far from离„„远,

grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人,

free from没有„„(免除„„),

proud of(take pride in)自豪,

satisfied with (by)满意,

sure of / about确信,

fond of喜欢,

fit for适合,

busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事,

full of充满,

ready for准备,

similar to相似,

wrong with不对;有毛病„„

3. “名词 + 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。

三、核心介词的用法归纳与辨析

1. 表示时间的介词in的用法如下。

表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in,

如:in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter /

summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。

还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如:in a while, in no

time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning

(afternoon, evening)。 但要注意:

①at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night(大夜间)。

②in five days(weeks, months, years)中in意思是“在„„以后”。