2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习题5

2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习及答案（2）Stress at Work and Still HealthyThe term could yet become the word of the year： stress is on everyone's lips these days and everywhere.Not onlymanagers,officials and teachers are complainingnowadays,housewives,children and pensioners now also havetheir own problems.They too sacrifice themselves forothers,feel under- or overworked and quickly lose their inner balance.Irritation,tiredness and exhaustion quickly follow.-But that is only the negative aspect.Stress,after all,is alsolinked to positive terms such as joy of life,tension andvitality （活力）。

"Firstly,stress is healthy," says Wolfgang Stehling fromEltvelle.The doctor and management consultant says： "It occurs when the body loses its inner balance,but then stress hormones are produced to re-establish the balance." Thusstress is nothing more than a positive reaction of the bodyto pressure.It is unavoidable as part of our nature： "There is no such thing as a stress-free life."But whether stress leads to tensions in the mind or .totenseness of the muscles depends on the duration （持续时间）,its cause or causes and the sufferer's personalsituation.People who have trouble sleeping or suffer from badmoods or simply the flu will not be on top of the world andwill take every little strife as negativestress.Others,people who feel refreshed at every new turn,arerelaxed and successful,will view a difficult round ofnegotiations or competition at work more as a positivechallenge than a cross to bear.Exercise,healthy eating and relaxation are thus the threepillars by which stress can be conquered almost everytime.These factors form a unit,explains Marita Voelker-Albert,spokeswoman for the government's Nutrition AdviceCenter in Cologne.Its campaign "Gut Drauf' （Feeling Good）is targeted at young people.The government agency's researchsuggests that three out of four adolescents feeltired,overtaxed （负担过重） and under stress.Eatingdisorders and complaints such as migraines （偏头痛） and indigestion （消化不良）,nervousness and concentrationproblems have increased among 12- to 16-year-olds.But even the best solutions don't work if they are notput into practice,says Stehling.Anybody who goes joggingregularly,practices yoga （瑜伽功） and prescribes goodliterature as a cure for negative stress,may well end upunder more pressure as he tries to find the time for itall.Sometimes,says the consultant,it helps to take time outto reduce stress levels over a weekend.6 Which of the following is NOT a correct view on stress？A Stress has both positive and negative aspects.B Stress is only a positive reaction of the body topressure.C Stress is unavoidable as part of our nature.D Stress only leads to serious problems.7 A person who has lost his inner balance may soon feelA fit and healthy.B under-or overworked.C irritated,tired and exhausted.D relaxed and happy.8 Who will easily take every little strife as negative stress？A Those who are in good moods.B Those who suffer from the flu.C Those who are successful.D Those who feel refreshed at every new turn.9 All the following complaints are said to have increased among children aged 12 to 16 EXPECTA painful headache.B indigestion.C loss of memory.D nervousness and concentration problems.10 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cure for negative stress？A Reading good literature.B Practicing yoga.C Working overtime.D Having a healthy diet.[参考答案]6.D 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C。

2020年职称英语卫生A阅读理解真题及答案2020年职称英语卫生A阅读理解真题及答案Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化)The Sahel zone lies between the Sahara desert and the fertile savannahs(热带大草原)of northern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional, and this is a good description of these semi-arid(半干旱)lands, which occupy much of the Western African countries of Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Chad.Unfortunately, over the last century the Sahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahellands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land in agriculture use in Africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recent lasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process of desertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desert advances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.One of the major causes of this desert advance is poor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population. Overgrazing-keeping too many farm animals on the land-means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water supplies are exhausted. Over cultivation-trying to grow too many crops on poor land-results in the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soil erosion(侵蚀)follows, and the land turns into desert.Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cut down for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help to bind the soil together,to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat for otherplants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry and loosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventually the fertile top soil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock and dust.The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. They are, however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainable agricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessen the effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Mali funded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management off or rest, while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的)agricultural economy. This may be a model for similar projects in other West African countries.36.【题干】The Sahel zone is an area which _____.【选项】A.is covered with sad and grassB.has a long historyC.occupies much of South NigeriaD.belongs to Sudan【答案】A【解析】37. 【题干】What is the situation about thedesertification in Africa?【选项】A.The deserts are replaced with grasslandsB.The deserts are expandingC.the deserts are moving northwardsD.the deserts are being deserted【答案】B【解析】38. 【题干】The word "deteriorated" in paragraph2 means _____.【选项】A.deepenedB.sufferedC.slippedD.worsened【答案】D【解析】39. 【题干】What is the root cause of desertification?【选项】A.poor farmingB.overpopulationC.radical climate changeD.disappearance of rare plant species。

2020年职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解练习题及答案(2) The Best Way to Reduce Your WeightYou hear this：“No wonder you are fat.All you ever do is eat.”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing.Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of norm al weight.”How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting?Well，dieting can be effective，but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University，did a study of eight fat people.They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories aday1.After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average.But after leaving the hospital，they all regained.The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of foodor breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn’t result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.Thin people，however，suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims，of theUniversity of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight.In four to six months，they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent.But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range3.The range might be as much as 9kg.Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort.But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult.The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.词汇：skip/skIp/v.跳过 obese/Eu5bi：s/adi.肥胖的metabolic/metE5bClIk/adj.新陈代谢的psychiatric/7saIkI5Atrik/adj.精神病的abnormal/Ab5nC：ml/adj.异常的注释：1. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.他们被给予一种流食配方，每天提供600热卡。

2020 年职称英语考试卫生类 A 级完形填空练习题5A Biological ClockEvery living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior.The biological clock tells __1__ when to form flowers and when the flowers should open.It tells __2__ when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away and it tells animals and human beings when to eat,sleep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal __3__ the actions of some biological clocks.Scientists recently found,for example,that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur __4__ the number of hours of daylight.In the short __5__ of winter,its fur becomes white.The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer.Inner signals control other biological clocks.German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration __6__ twice each year.Birds __7__ flying become restless when it is time for the trip,__8__ they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which __9__ of the brain contain biological clocks.An American researcher,Martin Moorhead,said a small group of cells near the front of the brain __10__ to control the timing of some of our actions.These __11__ tell a person when to __12__ when to sleep and when to seek food .Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.Dr.Moorhead is studying __13__ our biological clocks affect the way we do our work.For example,most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours.__14__ can take many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours.Dr.Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers.He said __15__ understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory's production ，词汇：biological adj. 生物（学）的insect n. 昆虫cocoon n. 防护卵袋，茧fur n. 软毛注释：1. 本句中谓语动词tells 的宾语由两部分组成。

2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解精选试题Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a BoostEating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they comein the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch （RPS）1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.2 The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel healt h. “The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch”, said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona,3 Spain.Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistantstarch - starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）。

2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读复习(5)Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack科学家探索发现心脏病的方法German researchers have come up with a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection from sudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases are caused by disruption to the heart’s rhythm. Those most at risk are patients who have already suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing life-threatening disruption to heart rnythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devices take on a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator capable of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of acute blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data more precise.The overwhelming majority of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reasonundergo regular ECGs. “Many of the current programs only take into account a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use of a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “In this way changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based upon 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show that the new software evaluates the data considerably better.德国研究者们发明了新一代的除颤器和旨在为心脏病人提供更多保护，使他们免遭心脏停止导致的突然死亡的早期预报软件。

关于XX年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读题「附答案」Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds. It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack out economic plants: forty are known to attack corn, and about as many attack wheat. The results of unchecked plant disease are all too obvious in countries which have marginal food supplies. The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate. Even in countries which are now amply fed by their agricultural products there could soon be critical food shortages. It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals disastrous to the order of the world.Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them. The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change. A blight may be but a local infection easily controlled, on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation. An example is the blight which killed virtually every. chestnut tree in North American. Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century. As a result of that, it wasestimated that one million people died of starvation and related aliments.Plant pathologists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens of the various diseases. Bacteria may invade a plant through an infestation of insect parasites carrying the pathogen. A plant can also be inoculated by man. Other diseases might be caused by fungus which attacks the plant in the form of a mold or smut or rust. Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from its lack of tolerance. The symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a primary virus infection.1. How many diseases are known to attack wheat?A) Around 30,000B) Around 140C) Around 29,960D) Around 402. Aording to this passage, which of the following would a plant disease result in if left unchecked?A) A world war.B) Border conflicts.C) Rations of grain and meat.D) Social upheavals.3. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?A) Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have asusceptibility to them.B) The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing condition change.C) A blight killed virtually every chestnut tree in North American.D) A blight may be a national infection.4. Aording to the passage, some plant diseases can be prevented byA) killing parasites.B) inoculationC) Killing insectsD) improving growing conditions5. Which of the following statements is not true?A) Some plant diseases may be caused by bacteria.B) Some plant diseases may be caused by pathogens.C) Some plant diseases may be caused by fungus.D) Symptoms are always helpful in identifying diseases.Keys: DDABD。

年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为靠近旳选项。

1 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclearB obviousC majorD minor2 The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energeticB happyC aloneD busy8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumpingD shouting9 A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedC praisedD caught10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12 Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15 She always finds fault with everything.A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断：假如该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；假如该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B；假如该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题：A级阅读理解2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题：A级阅读理解Forecasting MethodsThere are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.The first of these methods is the persistence method；the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degree today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degree tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use.The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation. Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, suing the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period oftime. if they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or change direction, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.The climatology method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over man years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for new York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July4th and take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. if the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fail.The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. It involves examining today's forecast scenario and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar （an analog）。

2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题：A级阅读理解Forecasting MethodsThere are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.The first of these methods is the persistence method；the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degree today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degree tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use.The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation. Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, suing the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period oftime. if they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or change direction, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.The climatology method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over man years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for new York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July4th and take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. if the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fail.The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. It involves examining today's forecast scenario and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar （an analog）。