4Phy_Les4

Flex SDK2.3.0.0GASilicon Laboratories,Inc.September15,20181Release Highlights1.1Version2.4.0.0GA:1.1.1RAIL•Added EFR32BG21/EFR32MG21part support for RAILTEST •Updated EFR32MG1sub-GHz part support list•New Simple TRX Multi-PHY sample example•Multi-PHY radio configurator for WMBUS applications•IAR EWARM8.30.1support•Various bugfixes1.1.2Connect•Updated EFR32MG1sub-GHz part support list•Added MCU low power support to Micrium vNCP plugin•Fixed Micrium vNCP command queue issue•Faster data rates for Sub-GHz PHYs•IAR EWARM8.30.1support•Various bugfixes1.2Version2.3.0.0GA:•Updated supported OPNs list•RAIL-Enabled receiving4kB frames in packet mode•Connect-Improved FHSS support•Connect-Micrium OS vNCP support•IAR EWARM7.80.4and GCC7.2.1support•Various bugfixes1.3Version2.2.2.1GA:•Minor metadata changes,no application or stack changes11.4Version2.2.2.0GA:1.4.1RAIL•Updated RAIL Light and Switch application with new network join mechanism.•Removed non-RAIL specific generated projectfiles.•Added support for more EFR32FG14V parts.•Removed redundant”phy-rtos”plugin.•Various bugfixes.1.4.2Connect•Micrium OS support for SoC mode.•Added SimEE v2non-volatile memory support.•Added support for more EFR32FG14V parts.•Various bugfixes.1.5Version2.2.1.0GA:•Add support for QFN68variants of EFR32xG122Using This ReleaseThis release contains the following•Radio Abstraction Interface Layer(RAIL)stack library•Connect Stack Library•RAIL and Connect Sample Applications•RAIL and Connect Plugins and Application FrameworkFor more information about the Flex SDK see UG103.13-Application Development Fundamentals: RAIL and UG103.12-Application Development Fundamentals:Connect.If you are afirst time user,see QSG138:Getting Started with the Silicon Labs Flex Software Development Kit for the Wireless Gecko (EFR32)Portfolio.2.1Installation:Installation of the Flex SDK is covered in the document QSG1382.1.1Compatible Software:The Flex SDK should be used in conjunction with the Silicon Labs Simplicity Studio V4development platform.2.2Support:Development Kit customers are eligible for training and technical support.You can use the Silicon Labora-tories web site to obtain information about all Silicon Labs Flex Gecko products and services,and to sign up for product support.You can contact Silicon Laboratories support at /support—Building a more connected world.23Added Items3.1Version2.4.0.0GA:3.1.1New Functionality:•Micrium RTOS plugin-Added a new plugin option to support EM1and EM2low power MCU modes.When this option is enabled,a Connect application running within Micrium OS will enter the lowest allowed MCU power mode whenever possible.3.1.2New Sample Applications:•Simple Multi-PHY TRX-This application demonstrates the usage of multiple phys selectable by channels.3.2Version2.3.1.0GA:3.2.1New Stack APIs:•EmberStatus emberMacSetPanCoordinator(...)-An API that configures a MAC mode device as PAN coordinator.•EmberStatus emberMacGetParentAddress(...)-An API for a MAC mode device to retrieve the parent address(short or long).•void emberIncomingBeaconExtendedHandler(...)-A new stack handler that is invoked during an active scan upon receiving a beacon.It provides extended information regarding the received beacon.3.3Version2.3.0.0GA:3.3.1New Stack APIs:•emberRemoveChild()Removes node(via MAC address)from the child table.3.4Version2.2.2.0GA:3.4.1New Application Plugins:•Libraries:This plugin contains bundled libraries for all of the parts currently supported by the Flex SDK.This includes but is not limited to libraries for the following:–AES Security–Form and Join–Frequency Hopping–HAL–Packet Queue–Parent Support–RAIL–Simulated EEProm version1–Stack Counters–XXTEA Security•WMBus Helper:This plugin contains all of the code associated with the Wireless M-Bus protocol.This plugin is used in the WMBus sample application.•Application Configuration:This plugin contains all necessary configurations(startupfiles,linker con-figurations,and etc.)for RAIL applications.3.4.2New Stack APIs:4Changed Items4.1Version2.4.0.0GA:5Deprecated Items5.1Version2.4.0.0GA:•void emberMacSetAllocateAddressFlag(...)-This function has been deprecated.The application can achieve the same behavior by allowing EMBER USE LONG ADDRESS to be passed as nodeId to the emberJoinNetworkExtended()API.5.2Version2.3.1.0GA:•void emberIncomingBeaconHandler(...)-This stack handler has been deprecated.The application should implement emberIncomingBeaconExtendedHandler(...)instead.6Removed Items6.1Version2.4.0.0GA:•The Ember bootloader is no longer released as part of Flex/Connect.Please use the Gecko bootloader instead.7Fixed Issues7.1Version2.4.0.0GA:•344018Can compile RailTest for BRD4171A&BRD4176A now but when it is loaded there is no CLI •344016Railtest on BRD4306B does not work if you load the crash appfirst the then non crashing one •343232WMBus Application does not compile•343216Can not compile panther RailTest4171if you do an import from studio•343177Not able to build RailTest for BRD4176A•342566Apps not building for new faster phys•341955Can’t build WMBUS that I could built yesterday with older SDK•337142Modify Connect to support sleep through the Idle task hook•341831Can not test RailTest for Panther-There is a required side package for this that has not been created yet•341706WMBUS apps do not seem to compile with old.iscs and the new multiphy support•341133BGM4306B Please add this module to studio so that we can test Modules as afirst class citizen •340666Applications are not building for release/flex2.4•339954RailTest on Modules does not assert as the limited phy features says it should•339903Can notfind the new test apps needed for Multiphy testing in Studio•339703RAIL LIB replacement keys not working for Panther/BRD4171A•339321Dynamic Phy Manual testing is erroring out-Unknown command’updateConfigurationPointer’using sdk2.4build213•339308[spike]get the smoke tests running again for RailTest2.4•335349Connect/Superframefields•335302Micrium plugin handles the command queue incorrectly in many places•335248Incoming beacon callback returns garbage if Micrium plugin is enabled•334824MAC device cannot send messages when micrium plugin is enabled•333445Value line OPNs are not in the compatibilityfile for Flex•332631Add new Panther OPNs to Flex for Alpha customers in18Q3-GA•332630Validate IAR compiler version8.30.1works with Flex sample apps•332439RAIL apps failing to build.•332383Can not build EFR32FG1V232F256GM32with latest Flex230and studio1602•330605Upgrade to IAR8.30.1•328737Upgrade rules needed to support new Multi-PHY design•328733Ensure Multi-PHY sample apps have CLI support to be testable by QA•328403Deprecate emberMacSetAllocateAddressFlag()•328232Add SDK entitlement/part support for new Panther OPNs to support Alpha customers •325690Support Zigbee and Flex SDK on existing EFR32MG1sub-GHz parts•325685Add OPN Part Support for new sub-GHz Zigbee EFR32MG1x OPNs•322920Upgrade rules for new multi-PHY support•322478Integrate Multi-PHY WMBus Sample App into Flex SDK•322182Integrate Simple Multi-PHY TRX Example App into Flex SDK•322181Create Simple Multi-PHY TRX Example Application•322180Create Multi-PHY WMBus Sample Application•322008Integrate Multi-PHY Sample Apps•318326Missing board supports•316600Convert FLEX docs to new format.•316031Connect upper MAC-initialize sequence number after emLowerMacInit()•315920RailTest app for BG4104A compiles but when loaded on the device it has no CLI•315395BRD4171A-Connect tests failing•313282Auto-generate calculated defines in vNCP•311640Error handling bug in OTA unicast-server plugin•311528”Connect add500kbps,700kbps data rate Sub-GHz PHYs”•311500Add option to selectively enable Rmr feature to railtest in studio•306450[18Q3]Flex Bug Rollup-Internal/Technical Debt•300984[18Q3]Flex Bug Rollup-Portal Watch/Customer•290855rtos CLI keeps getting re-added to the ISCfile every time it is opened and closed•265004EMBER CHILD TIMEOUT SEC should be an option of the parent support plugin•260625[QA]2.4GHz and Sub-GHz FHSS(Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)support•344212NCP framework not compatible with modules•332277The Ember bootloader is no longer released as part of Flex/Connect.Please use the Gecko bootloader instead.335453A minor issue exists in FLEX/Rail projects where unchecking the Hard-ware Configurator Serial and Virtual COM Port modules(enabled be default)will not automatically remove retargetserial.c and retargetio.c from the project.Thesefiles must be manually removed in this situation.•342814IAR builds in Simplicity Studio are fully supported.However,an issue has been identified when using wine to build with the IarBuild.exe command line utility or IAR Embedded Workbench GUI on macOS or Linux.This could result in incorrectfiles being used due to collisions in wine’s hashing algorithm for generating shortfile names.It is not recommend for customers on macOS or Linux to build with IAR outside of Simplicity Studio.Customers who do should carefully verify that the correct files are being used.•343807A watchdog reset has beenfixed in the SIMEE2to NVM3upgrade library when a large number of tokens are migrated.•334492Stub versions of COM InternalPowerUp/Down functions have been corrected to match the argument list of the non-stub versions.•313109Reduced vector table alignments of dies such that they are now as minimum as required for IAR builds•343247Fixed a bug in the sim-eeprom2-1to2-upgrade-library that could result in lost token data or an infinite reset loop due to incorrectly identifying a non-existent SimEEv1.The upgrade library could read out of bound addresses or incorrectly attempt an upgrade which was impossible.EmberZNet versions affected are6.3.1.0and earlier.Devices using these versions should either disable the SimEE v1to v2upgrade library and use the stub library instead,or update to EmberZNet6.4.0.0or later.•298029A build failure has beenfixed for SPI-based xNCPs when disabling nWAKE functionality.•274550Support for the infrared-led plugin has now been removed.Any app using the infrared-led plugin will need to be updated to not use it.•261038A warning in COM Unused has beenfixed by changing the type of the port argument.•318018EM3xx GCC applications now use the C startup routines found in platform/Device rather than those found in platform/base.7.2Version2.3.0.1GA:•320597A node running in MAC mode now uses long ID source addressing for outgoing beacons if the short address is set to EMBER USE LONG ADDRESS=0xFFFE.•329189A node running in MAC mode is now capable of joining a coordinator node using long address-ing.•318676Calling RAIL Sleep could sometimes set the wake event very far in the future.•314024In multiprotocol RAIL applications a protocol switch would overwrite the txToRxSearch time set by a call to RAIL SetStateTiming.7.3Version2.3.0.0GA:•313164BRD4172A does not TX/RX on490Mhz•313186BRD4172B does not RX packets in1phy mode and rx only1packet in another•304709Connect does not seed the HAL pseudo random generator•314985Remove all”planned feature”from UG103-13•310961Support for GCC Version7.2.1•291011Add support for new radio boards/OPNs and kit for DMP BLE+RAIL launch•314378Adding missing OPNs to stack•300787Connect-main plugin-auto-generate stack handlersfile•299198Auto-generate vNCP IPC protocol code•314259RAILtest plugin does not allow4096byte packets•304852RAIL switch demo contains wrong image•303522LZMA decompression in Gecko Bootloader(SQA Only)•295307The FEM control plugin is not yet supported in RAIL,which causes the FEM to not work properly on RAIL applications without modifications.To work around this,FEM specific code needs to be added to the main function of any RAIL apps that use FEM.•280219Frequency hopping improvements•299437remove ezr32from Flex SDK part compatibility•290240Sensor Sink test failing with4170a•297470Can’t build apps for the BG•297809Connect vNCP-stack API renaming•302831Almost all RAIL applications inits PA incorrectly•292096[18Q2]Flex Bug Rollup-Internal/Technical Debt•254410Child tableflags should be public•298828Remove RangeTest250k example•312065[SPIKE]Duplicate definition of SysTick Handler in base when compiling in Micrium support •285563platform/base/phy/phy.h is no longer included in the stack install•277510nWAKE handshake does not complete between EM35x SPI NCP and host,causing the host to assert•312291The halCommonGetIntxxMillisecondTick functions on linux hosts currently use the gettime-ofday function,which is not guaranteed to be monotonic.If the system time changes,it can cause issues with stack timing.The workaround is to modify these functions to use clock gettime with the CLOCK MONOTONIC source instead.•313160Changes to UART behavior caused there to be a delay in receiving CLI commands in applica-tions which include the idle-sleep plugin.To restore responsiveness,enable the”wake from activity on RX GPIO of application port”serial option.•289624Add call to reset theflag that indicates a low-high transition on the nWake pin prior to processing the next EZSP command.This resolves the problem of a transition on nWake while the NCP was already awake placing the NCP into a state where it would never enter sleep again.This could still result in slightly elevated current(because the code is prevented from entering the IDLE state)between the low-high transition on the nWake line and the next EZSP command.If the SPI interface is idle,this elevated current could continue indefinitely.•299207EFR32applications now use the C startup routines found in platform/Device rather than those found in platform/base.•84437EM3xx IAR applications now use the C startup routines found in platform/Device rather than those found in platform/base.•276695em device.h cannot be found8Open Issues•330458The emberMacGetParentAddress()API only exists for SoC(to be implemented for NCP/HOST or OS/vNCP architecture).•249575EFR32FG1VF64GM32’s program based on RAIL of Flex stack stays at startupfile•260616Flex:Publish Doxygen documentation on the website•262574Adding Flex to cstat jenkins page•262589Help out resolving CSTAT issues on Connect plugins•275141Too many initializer values for hal button enable on BG•275587HWConfig name forfile on default generate for BG Module is FG not BG•275707SPI Display’s default config generates error•251287To achieve the lowest current during sleep on EFR32xG12,EFR32xG13,and EFR32xG14parts, you must turn on voltage scaling.However,the radio will not operate with voltage scaling turned on, so to turn it on you must also make sure to disable it after each wake-up.Furthermore,some resets will not turn offvoltage scaling,so please ensure that it is disabled before attempting to turn on the radio.•295307The FEM control plugin is not yet supported in RAIL,which causes the FEM to not work properly on RAIL applications without modifications.To work around this,FEM specific code needs to be added to the main function of any RAIL app that uses FEM.•3157994163A board does not work for DMP connected lighting demo•315661Seeding of the random number generator on EM3xx can take∼400milliseconds.•342464An issue has been identified that can cause the EFR32serial driver state to get out of sync with the actual contents of the buffer.This can result in partial or old data being returned.•312291The halCommonGetIntxxMillisecondTick functions on linux hosts currently use the gettime-ofday function,which is not guaranteed to be monotonic.If the system time changes,it can cause issues with stack timing.The workaround is to modify these functions to use clock gettime with the CLOCK MONOTONIC source instead.9Intended Behavior9.1Version2.4.0.0GA:•WMBUS Meter and WMBUS Collector application have been updated.The sample applications are not backward er is expected to manually migrate the application code into the new application code.•A minor issue exists in FLEX/Rail projects where unchecking the Hardware Configurator Serial and Virtual COM Port modules(enabled be default)will not automatically remove retargetserial.c and retargetio.c from the project.Thesefiles must be manually removed in this situation.•RAILTEST does not support all OPN/BOARD by default in Studio.To enable RAILTEST for all parts,the following stack change is required.File:connect/meta-inf/appbuilder.properties#Update the’architecture’field to display as followarchitecture=\efr32+iar,\efr32+gcc,\#Remove the line belowboards=...File:connect/meta-inf/appbuilder-override.properties#Remove the line belowadditionalBoards=...10Documentation Changes11History。

图 6. Cyclone IV PCIe 硬核 IP 实现
Transceiver I/Os
Non-PCIe applications
PCIe hard IP
Core logic
User design
Cyclone IV GX PCIe 硬核 IP 模块的特性包括：
■ PCIe Gen1 性能 ■ x1、 x2、 x4 通路支持 ■ 端点和根端口功能
PCI Express
前面的例子虽然只展示了 Cyclone IV GX FPGA 中嵌入的集成硬核 IP 模块的 PCIe x1 通路端点功能， PCIe 硬核 IP 模块 ( 图 6 所示 ) 实际上还有更多的功能。 Cyclone IV GX 器件是唯一提供 PCIe 硬核 IP 的低成本 FPGA，为根端口和端点提供 x4 支持。
在目前的全球经济形势下，这些系统挑战都与第三种挑战有关：以更少的人员、更低的预算，在更短的时 间内完成低成本新产品的研发。
本白皮书旨在提出一种设计理念，以解决产品开发面临的这三种挑战，同时降低产品在生命周期中的总成 本。这一设计理念基于低成本、低功耗 FPGA。虽然大家都知道 FPGA 能够缩短新产品开发的面市时间， 但是，很少有人知道 FPGA 还降低了产品整个生命周期中的总体拥有成本 (TCO)。设计工程师借助这一基 于 FPGA 的设计理念，能够：
Up to 4 PLLs
如图 2 所示， Altera 一直与长期合作伙伴 TSMC 密切协作，优化制造工艺，生产的 FPGA 降低了静态和动 态功耗，相对于以前的 Cyclone 系列，总功耗分别降低了 25% 和 30%。
图 2. Cyclone IV E ( 左侧 ) 和 Cyclone IV GX ( 右侧 ) 功耗对比

蕨类植物门按秦仁昌系统排列各科。

蕨类植物门Pteridophyta松叶蕨亚门Psilophytina松叶蕨目Psilotales01. 松叶蕨科Psilotaceae石松亚门Lycophytina石松目Lycopodiales02. 石杉科Huperziaceae03. 石松科Lycopodiaceae卷柏目Selaginellales04. 卷柏科Selaginellaceae水韭亚门Isoephytina水韭目Isoetales05. 水韭科Isoetaceae楔叶亚门Sphenophytina木贼目Equisetales06. 木贼科Equisetaceae真蕨亚门Filicophytina厚囊蕨纲Eusporangiopsida瓶尔小草目Ophioglossales07. 七指蕨科Helminthostachyaceae08. 阴地蕨科Botrychiaceae09. 瓶尔小草科(箭蕨科)Ophioglossaceae 莲座蕨目Marattiales10. 合囊蕨科Marattiaceae11. 莲座蕨科Angiopteridaceae12. 天星蕨科Christenseniaceae原始薄囊蕨纲Protoleptosporangiopsida 紫萁目Osmundales13. 紫萁科Osmundaceae薄囊蕨纲Leptosporangiopsida水龙骨目(真蕨目)Polypodiales(Filicales)14. 瘤足蕨科Plagiogyriaceae15. 里白科Gleicheniaceae16. 莎草蕨科Schizaeaceae17. 海金沙科Lygodiaceae18. 膜蕨科Hymenophyllaceae19. 蚌壳蕨科Dicksoniaceae20. 桫椤科Cyatheaceae21. 稀子蕨科Monachosoraceae22. 碗蕨科Dennstaedtiaceae23. 鳞始蕨科Lindsaeaceae24. 竹叶蕨科Taenitidaceae25. 姬蕨科Hypolepidaceae26. 蕨科Pteridiaceae27. 凤尾蕨科Pteridaceae28. 卤蕨科Acrostichaceae29. 光叶藤蕨科Stenochlaenaceae30. 中国蕨科Sinopteridaceae31. 铁线蕨科Adiantaceae32. 裸子蕨科Hemionitidaceae33. 水蕨科Parkeriaceae(Ceratopteridaceae)34. 车前蕨科Antrophyaceae35. 书带蕨科Vittariaceae36. 蹄盖蕨科Athyriaceae37. 肿足蕨科Hypodematiaceae38. 金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae39. 铁角蕨科Aspleniaceae40. 睫毛蕨科Pleurosoriopsidaceae41. 球子蕨科Onocleaceae42. 岩蕨科Woodsiaceae43. 乌毛蕨科Blechnaceae44. 球盖蕨科Peranemaceae45. 鳞毛蕨科Dryopteridaceae46. 叉蕨科Aspidiaceae47. 实蕨科Bolbitidaceae48. 藤蕨科Lomariopsidaceae49. 舌蕨科Elaphoglossaceae50. 肾蕨科Nephrolepidaceae51. 条蕨科Oleandraceae52. 骨碎补科Davalliaceae53. 雨蕨科Gymnogrammitidaceae54. 双扇蕨科Dipteridaceae55. 燕尾蕨科Cheiropleuriaceae56. 水龙骨科Polypodiaceae57. 槲蕨科Drynariaceae58. 鹿角蕨科Platyceriaceae59. 禾叶蕨科Grammitidaceae60. 剑蕨科Loxogrammaceae苹目Marsileales61. 苹科Marsileaceae槐叶苹目Salviniales62. 槐叶苹科Salviniaceae63. 满江红科Azollaceae裸子植物门按中国植物志第7卷系统排列各科。

metaphlan4使用手册MetaPhlAn4 使用手册MetaPhlAn4 是一款用于微生物组学研究的分析工具，它能够准确地鉴定和定量物种组成，以及预测其功能和潜在生态学角色。

本手册旨在帮助用户快速了解 MetaPhlAn4 的使用方法和功能特点，以便更好地应用于实际研究中。

一、概述MetaPhlAn4 是 MetaPhlAn 系列的最新版本，相较于之前的版本，在物种鉴定的准确性、定量结果的精度和速度等方面都有显著提升。

同时，MetaPhlAn4 还引入了更多的功能预测模型，使得用户能够更全面地了解微生物组的生态角色。

二、安装和环境配置MetaPhlAn4 可以在 Linux、macOS 和 Windows 平台上运行，但建议在 Linux 环境下使用以获得更好的性能和稳定性。

要安装MetaPhlAn4，您可以按照以下步骤进行操作：1. 下载 MetaPhlAn4 安装包（xxx）并解压缩到指定目录。

2. 配置所需的 Python 环境（版本要求为 Python3.6 或更高版本）。

3. 安装所需的依赖项（例如 numpy、pandas 等）：pip install -r requirements.txt。

4. 配置文件路径和其他参数，以适应您的数据和分析需求。

三、数据准备和输入格式在运行 MetaPhlAn4 之前，您需要准备好待分析的数据。

MetaPhlAn4 能够处理原始的测序数据（例如 FASTA 或 FASTQ 格式）或已经进行序列比对的 BAM/SAM 文件。

为了保证分析的准确性和可靠性，建议在样本预处理中进行质量控制和去除低质量序列。

此外，您还需要获得参考数据库文件，包括物种和功能注释信息。

MetaPhlAn4 提供了预训练的数据库供用户下载使用。

四、运行 MetaPhlAn4在准备好数据和输入文件后，您可以按照以下步骤运行MetaPhlAn4：1. 打开终端窗口或命令提示符，进入 MetaPhlAn4 的安装目录。