汽车法规对照表(中欧美)
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国内外汽车法规概况国内外汽车法规概况1、联合国欧洲经济委员会汽车法规二次大战后,联合国为扶持欧洲经济恢复,进行欧洲经济的调查研究,向有关各国政府和联合国专门机构提出建议,于1947年3月正式成立了欧洲经济委员会(Economic Commission for Europe,简称ECE),作为联合国经济及社会理事会下设的五个地区性经济委员会之一。
五十年代,欧洲一些国家就对机动车排放、灯光、制动等方面制定了一些技术法规,但各国规定的检查方法、效果的评定及限值要求不尽相同。
法规的不统一妨碍了欧洲各国间的自由贸易和国际间的运输。
在国际贸易中道路车辆及其部件、装备的进出口贸易占有重要的地位。
因此,联合国欧洲经济委员会为了开辟市场、促进工业增长和国际贸易,于1958年签订了“关于采用统一条件批准机动车辆和部件互相承认批准的协定书”。
据此,缔约国之间开始制定一套统一的机动车法规(ECE法规),对需要认证的机动车及其部件,采用这套法规进行认证,并对各国的认证互相承认。
ECE法规由联合国欧洲经济委员会下辖的道路运输委员会车辆结构专家组(WP29)具体负责起草。
该专家组下设噪声、乘员保护装置、制动和底盘、污染和能源、车辆状况、灯光技术、客车及一般安全等小组。
任何一个缔约国都可以提出制(修)订草案,任何一个缔约国都可以宣布采用或停止采用某一ECE法规。
因此,ECE法规在缔约国内是自愿采用的,各国可根据本国的具体情况,可全部或部分采用,也可不采用,灵活性比较大。
尽管如此,由于ECE法规所具有的极大的国际性,各有关国家不论是缔约国还是非缔约国,只要条件具备,都尽可能采用,以促进国际间技术交流和自由贸易。
ECE汽车法规自从1958年制定以来,经不断修改和补充,至今已形成89项之多的完善体系,对机动车及其部件的安全和环境保护等方面提出了统一要求。
2、欧洲经济共同体汽车法规欧洲经济共同体(European Economic Community,简称EEC)是由西欧主要资本主义国家组成的一个政治和经济集团,又称“西欧共同市场”或“欧洲共同市场”。
汽车中英文对照表6F1——Formula One World Championship——世界一级方程式锦标赛FACCDA——Forewarn Adaptive Cruise Control with Driver Alert——带有驾驶员报警装置的预警自适应巡航控制系统FAP——微粒过滤器FASC——中国汽车运动联合会FATC——全自动温度控制FAW——中国第一汽车集团公司FBL——Flexible Body Line——(丰田用于成批生产车身的)柔性流水生产线FBMW——Formula BMW Asia——亚洲宝马方程式锦标赛赛FBW——Fly-by-Wire—飞行电子控制技术F-CAN——Fast Controller Area Network——快速控制器局域网FCC——美国联邦通信委员会FCCB——共轨系统的气缸平衡燃油控制FCE——Fuel Cell Engine——燃料电池发动机FCEV——Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle——燃料电池电动汽车FCHV——Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle——燃料电池混合动力车(丰田)FCM——Fuzzy Clustering Means——模糊均值聚类FCR——Fuel Consumption Rate——发动机的瞬时油耗率FC-Stack——薄型燃料电池组FCV——Fuel Cell Vehicle——燃料电池汽车FCVT——Friction Continuously Variable Transmission/ Friction Continuous Variable Transmiss ion——摩擦传动无级变速器FCWS——forward Collision Warning System——车辆前向撞击报警系统FDA——Free Design Area——自由设计区设计FDC——Federal Drive Cycle——联邦行驶循环FDHP——Function-Drive Hard Point——满足功能驱动的设计硬点说明:设计硬点(Hard Point)是产品设计过程中,为保证零部件之间的协调和装配关系,及造型风格要求所确定的控制点(或坐标),控制线,控制面及控制结构的总称,俗称设计硬点,英美称为Hard Point。
1 美国汽车排放标准美国有加州及联邦两个标准。
美国加州最早控制汽车排放,而且标准也最严。
表11-1是联邦轿车排放标准。
联邦分两阶段加严排放标准,对HC的排放限制不仅指总碳氢(THC),而要限制非甲烷碳氢化物(NMHC)。
表11-1 美国联邦轻型车排放控制标准(g/mile)1994年加州颁布了清洁燃料和低排放汽车计划CF/LEV,规定从1995年起实施严格的低污染汽车标准(LEV),分四阶段进行:即过渡低排放车(TLEV)、低排放车(LEV)、超低排放车(ULEV)和零污染车和(ZEV)。
表11-2是加州轻型车排放限值。
表11-2 美国加州轻型汽车排放限值(g/km),保证里程80000km美国联邦49个州和加利福尼亚州的重型车用柴油机的排放限值见表11-3。
表11-3 美国重型车用柴油机的排放限值联邦表2、欧洲汽车排放标准随着欧洲一体化进程以及汽车保有量的增长,欧洲国家从1993年开始推行了日趋严格的排放标准,汽车排放欧洲Ⅰ号标准(简称欧Ⅰ)是通过对ECER83进行了两次修订后形成的更加严格的排放法规,它于1993年生效。
汽车排放欧洲Ⅱ号标准(简称欧Ⅱ)于1996年开始在欧洲实施,该标准对使用无铅汽油和柴油汽车的排放限值更加严格,它既规定电喷汽油机和使用气体燃料以及双燃料汽车排放的测定方法外,又对生产一致性采用了新的检查方法。
2000年起开始实施欧Ⅲ标准。
2005年起开始实施欧Ⅳ标准。
2008年起开始实施欧Ⅴ标准。
各阶段的排放标准如表11-4。
表11-4 欧州汽车排放标(g/km)欧III标准和欧IV标准的详细数据如表11-5、表11-6。
表11-5 欧Ⅲ型式认证和生产一致性排放限值(g/km)表11-6 欧IV型式认证和生产一致性排放限值(g/km)3、日本汽车排放标准日本在1966年起实施汽车排放法规,采用4工况法控制CO。
1973年对乘员11人以下的客车和总质量小于2500kg的轻型载货车改用市区10工况热起动法,增加控制HC和NOx,用碳罐收集法控制汽油蒸发。
车辆标准规范中英文对照车辆综合1 GB 1495-1979 机动车辆允许噪声Permissible noise limit emitted by power-driven vehicles2 GB/T 1496-1979 机动车辆噪声测量方法Measuring method for noise of power-driven vehicles3 GB/T 3730.1-1988 汽车和半挂车的术语和定义车辆类型Motor vehicle and semi-trailer-type-terms and definitions4 GB/T 3730.2-1996 道路车辆质量词汇和代码Road vehicle--Masses--Vocabulary and codes5 GB/T 3730.3-1992 汽车和挂车的术语及其定义车辆尺寸Motor vehicles and towed vehicles—Dimensions of vehicles—Terms and definitions6 GB 4094-1994 汽车操纵件、指示器及信号装置的标志Motor vehicles--Symbols for controls,indicators and tell-tales7 GB/T 4782-1984 道路车辆--操纵件、指示器及信号装置--词汇Road vehicles--Controls, indicators and tell-tales--Vocabulary8 GB/T 4970-1996 汽车平顺性随机输入行驶试验方法Method of random input running test--Automotive ride comfort9 GB/T 7031-1986 车辆振动输入路面平度表示方法Vehicle vibration--Describing method for road surface irregularity10 GB 8410-1994 汽车内饰材料的燃烧特性Flammability of automotive interior materials11 GB/T 9417-1988 汽车产品型号编号规则Motor vehicles-type and model designation12 GB/T 11551-1989 汽车乘员碰撞保护Motor vehicles—Occupant cash protection13 GB 11552-1989 汽车内部凸出物Motor vehicles—Internal protrusions14 GB 11553-1989 汽车正面碰撞时对燃油泄漏的规定Motor vehicles—Regulation of fuel leakage during frontal impact15 GB/T 11559-1989 汽车室内尺寸测量用三维H点装置Motor vehicles—Use in defining their seating accommodations—Three dimensional H point machine16 GB/T 11568-1989 汽车罩锁装置Motor vehicles—Hood latch system17 GB/T 12478-1990 客车防尘密封性试验方法Dust proof performance—Test method for buses18 GB/T 12480-1990 客车防雨密封性试验方法Rain proof performance test mothod for buses19 GB/T 12484-1990 客车车身术语Terms for the bus body20 GB/T 12534-1990 汽车道路试验方法通则Motor vehicles—General rules of road test method21 GB/T 12535-1990 汽车起动性能试验方法Motor vehicles—Starting performance—Test methods22 GB/T 12536-1990 汽车滑行试验方法Motor vehicles—Coastdown—Test method23 GB/T 12537-1990 汽车牵引性能试验方法Motor vehicles—Towing performance—Test method24 GB/T 12538-1990 汽车重心高度测定方法Motor vehicles—Height of gravity center—Measuring method25 GB/T 12539-1990 汽车爬陡坡试验方法Motor vehicles—Steep hill climbing—Test method26 GB/T 12540-1990 汽车最小转弯直径测定方法Motor vehicles—Minimum turning diameter—Method of measurment27 GB/T 12541-1990 汽车地形通过性试验方法Motor vehicles—Passing topography capacity—Test method28 GB/T 12542-1990 汽车发动机冷却系冷却能力道路试验方法Motor vehicles—Cooling capacity for engine cooling system—Test method on road29 GB/T 12543-1990 汽车加速性能试验方法Motor vehicles—Acceleration performance—Test method30 GB/T 12544-1990 汽车最高车速试验方法Motor vehicles—Maximum speed—Test method31 GB/T 12545-1990 汽车燃料消耗量试验方法Motor vehicles—Fuel consumption test method32 GB/T 12546-1990 汽车隔热通风试验方法Motor vehicles—Ventilation and heat insulation—Test method33 GB/T 12547-1990 汽车最低稳定车速试验方法Motor vehicles—Minimum stable speed—Test method34 GB/T 12549-1990 汽车操纵稳定性术语及其定义Automotive controllability and stability—Terms and definitions35 GB/T 12674-1990 汽车质量(重量)参数测定方法Motor vehicles—Weight parameter—Measuring method36 GB/T 12677-1990 汽车技术状况行驶检查方法Motor vehicles—Technical condition—Inspection method37 GB/T 12678-1990 汽车可靠性行驶试验方法Reliability running test method for automobiles38 GB/T 12679-1990 汽车耐久性行驶试验方法Motor vehicles—Durability running—Test method39 GB/T 13860-1992 地面车辆机械振动测量数据的表述方法Mechanical vibrations--Land vehicles-Method for reporting measured data40 GB/T 14168-1993 汽车制动液类别图形标志Motor vehicles--Graphical symbols to designate brake fluid types41 GB/T 14172-1993 汽车静侧翻稳定性台架试验方法Static roll stability test method for motor vehicles42 GB/T 15089-1994 机动车辆分类Motor vehicles--Classification43 GB 15740-1995 汽车防盗装置性能要求Motor vehicle--Protective devices against unauthorized use--Performance requirments44 GB/T 16735-1997 道路车辆车辆识别代号(VIN)位置与固定Road vehicles--Vehicle identification number(VIN)--Location and attachment45 GB/T 16736-1997 道路车辆车辆识别代号(VIN)内容与构成Road vehicles--Vehicle identification number(VIN)--Content and structure46 GB/T 16737-1997 道路车辆世界制造厂识别代号(WMI)Road vehicles--World manufacturer identifier(WMI)code47 GB/T 16738-1997 道路车辆世界零件制造厂识别代号(WPMI) Road vehicler--World parts manufacturer identifier(WPMI)code48 GB 7258-1997 机动车运行安全技术条件Safety specifications for motor vehicles operating on roads49 GB 13094-1997 客车结构安全要求The safety requirements for bus construction50 GB/T 16888-1997 客车安全顶窗The escape hatch of bus汽车发动机1 GB/T 5923-1986 汽车柴油机燃油滤清器的试验方法Test methods of fuel filters for automotive compression ignition engines2 GB/T 5924-1986 汽车柴油机燃油滤清器的试验值及分级Test values and classification of fuel filters for automotive compression ignition engines3 GB/T 12781-1991 汽车供油系气阻试验方法Motor vehicles—Vapor lock for fuel system—Test method4 GB/T 12782-1991 汽车采暖性能试验方法Motor vehicle—Heating performance—Test method5 GB/T 14169-1993 汽车空气滤清器接头A型和B型Air filter connections for motor vehicles--Types A and B6 GB/T 14170-1993 载货汽车空气滤清器滤芯尺寸规范Air filter elements for trucks--Dimensions7 GB/T 8409-1999 汽车发动机旋装式机油滤清器连接尺寸Road vehicles--Intermal combustion engines--Spin-on filters for lubrication oil--Dimension8 GB/T 17653-1999 汽车柴油机旋装式燃油滤清器安装和连接尺寸Road vehicles--Spin-on fuel filters for combustion-ignition engines--Mounting and dimensions9 GB/T 17692-1999 汽车用发动机净功率测试方法Measurement methods of net power for automotive engines汽车底盘与车身1 GB 1589-1989 汽车外廓尺寸限界Outside dimension limits of motor vehicles2 GB/T 2933-1995 充气轮胎用车轮和轮辋的术语、规格代号和标志Wheels/rims for pneumatic tyres--Nomenclature,designation and marking3 GB/T 3487-1996 汽车轮辋规格系列Rim contours for motor vehicles4 GB/T 4095-1995 载货汽车辐板式车轮在轮毂上的安装尺寸Disc wheels for trucks--Dimensional characteristics of attachment on hub5 GB/T 4784-1984 使用非石油基制动液的汽车液压制动软管总成Brake hose assemblies for hydraulic braking systems of motor vehicles used with a non-petroleum base hydrau-lic fluids6 GB/T 5334-1995 轿车钢制车轮性能要求和试验方法Performance requirements and test methods of passenger car steel wheels7 GB/T 5335-1985 汽车制动装置液压试验的连接器Automobile hydraulic pressure test connection for braking equipment8 GB/T 5345-1985 制动液容器的标记Labelling of containers for brake fluid9 GB/T 5620.1-1985 汽车和挂车制动名词术语及其定义制动系种类、组成、力学及现象The terms and definitions of braking of automotive vehicles and their trailers--Types,constituent elements,braking mechanics and phenomenon of braking system10 GB/T 5620.2-1985 汽车和挂车制动名词术语及其定义零部件The terms and definitions of braking of automotive vehicles and their trailers--The parts and components of braking equipment11 GB/T 5909-1995 载货汽车车轮性能要求和试验方法Performance requirements and test methods of truck wheels12 GB/T 5911-1986 转向盘尺寸Steering wheel--Dimensions13 GB/T 5921-1986 汽车和挂车气压制动系部件上接口的识别标记Motor vehicles and towed vehicles--Air braking systems--Identification of connections on units14 GB/T 5922-1986 汽车和挂车气压制动装置压力测试连接器Motor vehicles and towed vehicles--Pressure test connection for compressed-air pneumatic braking equipment15 GB/T 6792-1996 客车车身骨架应力、形变测量方法Measure method of stress and deformation for bus budy skeleton16 GB 7062-1986 汽车气制动软管总成Automotive air brake hose assemblies17 GB 7063-1994 汽车护轮板The wheel guards of motor vehicles18 GB/T 7680-1987 液力变矩器性能试验方法Hydrodynamic torque converter--Method of performance tests19 GB/T 10484-1989 汽车真空制动软管总成Vacuum brake hose assemblies for motor vehicle20 GB/T 11549-1989 汽车安全带总成性能要求和试验方法Motor vehicles—Safety belt assemblies—Performance requirements and test methods21 GB 11550-1995 汽车座椅头枕性能要求和试验方法Motor vehicles--Seats head vestraints--Performance requirements and test methods22 GB 11555-1994 汽车风窗玻璃除雾系统的性能要求及试验方法Motor vehicles--Windshield demisters--Performance requirements and test methods23 GB 11556-1994 汽车风窗玻璃除霜系统的性能要求及试验方法Motor vehicles--Windshield defrosters--Performance requirements and test methods24 GB/T 11558-1989 汽车安全带用卷收器性能要求和试验方法Motor vehicles—Retractors for safety belt—Performance requirements and test methods25 GB 11561-1989 汽车加速器控制系统的技术要求Motor vehicles—Accelerator control systems—Technical requirements26 GB 11562-1994 汽车驾驶员前方视野要求及测量方法Motor vehicles--Forward visibility for drivers--Requirements and measurement methods27 GB/T 11563-1995 汽车H点确定程序Motor vehicles--Procedure for H-point determination28 GB 11565-1989 轿车风窗玻璃刮水器刮刷面积Passenger cars—Windshield wipers—Wiped areas29 GB 11566-1995 轿车外部凸出物Passenger car--External protrusions30 GB 11567-1994 汽车和挂车侧面及后下部防护装置要求Motor vehicles and trailers--Lateral and underrun protections--Requirements31 GB/T 11611-1989 汽车液压制动系金属管、内外螺纹管接头和软管端部接头Motor vehicles—Hydraulic braking systems—Pipes tapped holes, male fittings and hose end fittings32 GB/T 12482-1990 客车侧窗平面玻璃规格系列Side window flat glasses systematization for buses33 GB/T 12483-1990 客车风窗、后窗玻璃规格系列Buses windscreen and rear window glass—Systematization34 GB/T 12673-1990 汽车主要尺寸测量方法Molor vehicles—Basic dimensions—Measuring method35 GB/T 12780-1991 货车、客车制动器台架试验方法Trucks and buses—Brake—Bench test methods36 GB/T 13051-1991 汽车机械式变速器动力输出孔连接尺寸Motor vehicles—Connections for PTO37 GB/T 13053-1991 客车驾驶区尺寸Bus driver compartment dimensions38 GB/T 13054-1991 客车驾驶区尺寸术语Bus driver compartment dimensions terms39 GB/T 13055-1991 客车乘客区尺寸Bus passenger compartment dimensions40 GB/T 13056-1991 客车乘客区尺寸术语Bus passenger compartment dimension terms41 GB/T 13057-1991 客车驾驶员座椅尺寸规格Bus driver seat—Dimensions42 GB/T 13058-1991 客车驾驶员座椅技术条件Bus drivers seat—Technical specification43 GB/T 13059-1991 客车乘客座椅尺寸规格Bus passenger seat—Dimensions44 GB/T 13060-1991 客车乘客座椅技术条件Bus passenger seat—Technical specifications45 GB/T 13061-1991 汽车悬架用空气弹簧橡胶气囊Air spring for automotive suspension—Rubber bellows46 GB 13594-1992 汽车防抱制动系统性能要求和试验方法Vehicles anti-lock braking systems performence requiremants and test procedures47 GB/T 13604-1992 汽车转向球接头尺寸Motor vehicles—Steering ball joints—Dimensions48 GB 14166-1993 汽车安全带性能要求和试验方法Motor vehicles--Safety belt assemblies--Performance requirements and test methods49 GB 14167-1993 汽车安全带安装固定点Motor vehicles--Safety belt anchorages50 GB/T 14171-1993 汽车气制动系管路螺纹孔和管接头外螺纹Motor vehicles--Pneumatic braking systems--Tapped holes and male fittings51 GB 15083-1994 汽车座椅系统强度要求及试验方法Motor vehicles--Seat systems--Strengthrequirements and test methods52 GB 15084-1994 汽车后视镜的性能和安装要求Motor vehicles--Rear view mirrors--Requirements of performance and installation53 GB 15085-1994 汽车风窗玻璃刮水器、洗涤器的性能要求及试验方法Motor vehicles--Windshield wipers and washer systems--Performance requirements and test methods54 GB 15086-1994 汽车门锁及门铰链的性能要求和试验方法Motor vehicles--Door locks and door hinges--Performance requirements and test methods55 GB/T 15087-1994 汽车牵引车与全挂车机械连接装置强度试验Motor vehicles--Drawbar couplings and eyes for hinged drawbars--Strength test56 GB/T 15088-1994 汽车半挂车牵引座牵引销强度试验Motor vehicles--Fifth wheel coupling pins--Strength test57 GB/T 15704-1995 轿车车轮冲击试验方法Passenger cars--Wheels--Impact test procedure58 GB/T 15705-1995 载货汽车驾驶员操作位置尺寸Trucks--Operating position demensions of driver59 GB 15741-1995 汽车和挂车号牌板(架)及其位置The license plates (crackets) and its position on motor vehicles and trailer60 GB 15743-1995 轿车侧门强度Passenger car--Strength of side doors61 GB 16897-1997 制动软管Brake hose62 GB/T 17346-1998 轿车脚踏板的侧向间距Passenger cars--Lateral spacing of foot controls63 GB 11557-1998 防止汽车转向机构对驾驶员伤害的规定The stipulation protecting drivers from being injured by motor vehicle steering mechanism64 GB/T 17351-1998 汽车车轮双轮中心距Dual spaeing of vechicle wheels65 GB 17354-1998 汽车前、后端保护装置Front and rear protective devices for passenger cars66 GB/T 17578-1998 客车上部结构强度的规定Provisions of strength for the Superstructure of bus67 GB 12676-1999 汽车制动系统结构、性能和试验方法Road vehicles-Braking systems-Structure performance and test methods68 GB 17675-1999 汽车转向系基本要求Steering system of motor vehicles-Basic requirements69 GB/T 17676-1999 天然气汽车和液化石油气汽车标志Natural gas vehicle and liquefied petroleum gas vehicle Identification marks车辆通用零部件1 GB/T 1359-1978 汽车与挂车气制动接头型式与尺寸Pneumatic brakes for motor vehicls and their trailers-couplings--Types and dimensions2 GB/T 7726.1-1998 铰接式客车机械连接装置术语Mechanical connections of articulated bus Glossary3 GB/T 7726.2-1998 铰接式客车机械连接装置技术要求Mechanical connections of articulated bus Technical requirements4 GB/T 7726.3-1998 铰接式客车机械连接装置球头销Mechanical connections of articulated bus Ball pin5 GB/T 7726.4-1998 铰接式客车机械连接装置球形衬套Mechanical connections of articulated bus Ball socket6 GB/T 7726.5-1998 铰接式客车机械连接装置伸缩篷Mechanical connections of articulated bus Telescopic tarpaulin车用电子、电气设备与仪表1 GB 4599-1994 汽车前照灯配光性能Photometric characteristics of headlamps for motor vehicles2 GB/T 4659-1984 汽车前照灯类型、主要尺寸和连接尺寸Type,main size and mounted dimension of headlamps for motor vehicle3 GB 4660-1994 汽车前雾灯配光性能Photometric characteristics of front fog lamps for motor vehicles4 GB/T 5053.1-1985 汽车与挂车之间24N 型电连接器Electrical connections between motor vehicles and towed vehicles--Type 24N5 GB/T 5053.2-1985 汽车与挂车之间12N 型电连接器Electrical connections between motor vehicles and towed vehicles--Type 12N6 GB/T 5053.3-1985 汽车与挂车之间电连接器的试验方法与要求Test methods and requirements of electrical connections between motor vehicles and towed vehicles7 GB/T 5054-1985 汽车与挂车的七芯电缆线Seven-core connecting cable of motor vehicles and towed vehicles8 GB/T 5337-1985 汽车电器、灯具和仪表名词术语Nomenclature and terminology for automotive electrical equipment, lighting and instrumentation9 GB 5920-1994 汽车前和后位(侧)灯、示廓灯和制动灯配光性能Photometric characteristics of front and rear position (side)lamps, end-outline marker lamps and stop lamps for motor vehicles and their trailers 10 GB/T 6784-1986 M10×1平座火花塞及其气缸盖安装孔Spark plug M10×1 with flat seating and cylinder head housing11 GB/T 6785-1986 M12×1.25 平座火花塞及其气缸盖安装孔Spark plug M12×1.25 with flat seating and cylinder head housing12 GB/T 6786-1986 M14×1.25 平座火花塞及其气缸盖安装孔Spark plug M14×1.25 with flat seating and cylinder head housing13 GB/T 6787-1986 M14×1.25 矮型平座火花塞及其气缸盖安装孔Compact spark plug M14×1.25 with flat seating and cylinder head housing14 GB/T 6788-1986 M14×1.25 矮型锥座火花塞及其气缸盖安装孔Compact spark plug M14×1.25 with conical seating and cylinder head housing15 GB/T 6789-1986 M14×1.25 锥座火花塞及其气缸盖安装孔Spark plug M14×1.25 with conical seating and cylinder head housing16 GB/T 6790-1986 M18×1.5 平座火花塞及其气缸盖安装孔Spark plug M18×1.5 with flat seating and cylinder head housing17 GB/T 6791-1986 M18×1.5 锥座火花塞及其气缸盖安装孔Spark plug M18×1.5 with conical seating and cylinder head housing18 GB/T 7360-1987 汽车与挂车照明和信号装置的工作电压及其测量Working voltages and their measurement for lights and lighting signal devices fitted to motor vehicles and towed vehicles19 GB/T 7825-1987 火花塞Spark plugs20 GB/T 10485-1989 汽车和挂车外部照明和信号装置基本环境试验Basic environmental testing of lighting and light signalling devices for motor vehicles and their trailers21 GB/T 12548-1990 汽车速度表、里程表检验校正方法Motor vehicles—Speedometer and odometer—Calibration method22 GB 15082-1994 汽车用车速表Motor vehicles--Speed meters23 GB 15235-1994 汽车倒车灯配光性能Photometric characteristics of reversing lamps for motor vehicles and their trailers24 GB 15742-1995 汽车电喇叭的性能要求及试验方法Automotive--Electric horn--Performance requirements and test methods25 GB/T 17348-1998 道路车辆会车光束倾斜角随载荷变化的测量Motor vehicle--Measurement of variations in dipped beam headlamp angle as a function of load26 GB/T 17349.1-1998 道路车辆汽车诊断系统词汇Road vehicles--Diagnostic systems for motor vehicles--Vocabulary27 GB/T 17349.2-1998 道路车辆汽车诊断系统图形符号Rord vehicle Diagnostic systym Graphical symbols28 GB 17509-1998 汽车和挂车转向信号灯配光性能Photometric characteristics of direction indicators for motor vehicles and their trailers29 GB 17510-1998 摩托车光信号装置配光性能Photometric characteristics of light-signalling devices for motorcycles30 GB 4785-1998 汽车及挂车外部照明和信号装置的安装规定Prescription for installation of the external lighting and light signalliug devices for motor vehicles and their trailers31 GB 11554-1998 汽车及挂车后雾灯配光性能Photometric characteristics of rear fog lamp for motor vehicles and their tralers32 GB 11564-1998 机动车回复反射器Retro refletor for motor vehicles33 GB 5948-1998 摩托车白炽丝光源前照灯配光性能Photometric characteristics of motocycle headlamps epuipped with filament light sources汽车1 GB/T 918.1-1989 道路车辆分类与代码机动车Classification and code for road vehicles—Motor vehicle2 GB/T 918.2-1989 道路车辆分类与代码非机动车Classification and code for road vehicles—Non-motor vehicle3 GB/T 1332-1991 载货汽车定型试验规程Trucks—Engineering approval evaluation program4 GB/T 1333-1977 汽车产品质量定期检查试验规程Test code for regular quality inspection of automobile products5 GB/T 4780-1984 载货汽车车身名词、术语Glossary of truck body6 GB/T 4971-1985 汽车平顺性名词术语和定义Terms and definitions--Automotive ride comfort7 GB/T 5902-1986 汽车平顺性脉冲输入行驶试验方法Method of pulse input running test--Automobile ridecomfort8 GB/T 6104-1985 机动工业车辆名词术语Powered industrial trucks--Terminology9 GB/T 6323.1-1994 汽车操纵稳定性试验方法蛇行试验Controllability and stability test procedure for automobiles--Pylon course slalom test10 GB/T 6323.2-1994 汽车操纵稳定性试验方法转向瞬态响应试验(转向盘转角阶跃输入) Eontrollability and stability test procedure for automobiles--Steering transient response test(Steering wheel angle step input)11 GB/T 6323.3-1994 汽车操纵稳定性试验方法转向瞬态响应试验(转向盘转角脉冲输入) Contorllability and stability test procedure for automobiles--Steering transient response test(Steering wheel angle pulse input)12 GB/T 6323.4-1994 汽车操纵稳定性试验方法转向回正性能试验Controllability and stability test procedure for automobiles--Returnability test13 GB/T 6323.5-1994 汽车操纵稳定性试验方法转向轻便性试验Controllability and stability test procedure for automobiles--Steering efforts test procedure14 GB/T 6323.6-1994 汽车操纵稳定性试验方法稳态回转试验Controllability and stability test procedurefor automobiles--Steady static circular test procedure15 GB/T 7361-1987 半挂牵引车的制动及电路连接位置Brake and electrical connection locations of semi-trailer towing vehicle16 GB/T 7362-1987 全挂牵引车和货车的制动及电路连接位置Brake and electrical connection locations of truck andtrailer-towing vehicle17 GB/T 11380-1989 客车车身涂层技术条件Technical requirement for bus body coating18 GB/T 11381-1989 客车顶部静载试验方法Method of static load test for bus top19 GB/T 11382-1989 客车前保险杠效能试验方法正面固定式障壁碰撞试验Effect test procedure of front bumper for bus--Head-on collision with fixed wall20 GB/T 11709-1989 客车产品质量定期检查试验规程The regulated inspecting test procedure for bus21 GB/T 12427-1990 客车产品系列型谱Series and spectrum of buses22 GB/T 12428-1990 客车装载质量计算方法Laden mass calculation of buses23 GB/T 12429-1990 客车车身二氧化碳气体保护焊焊接质量要求及检验方法The quality requirement and test method for the carbon-dioxide arc welding of coach-body24 GB/T 12430-1990 客车乘客扶手杆的固定件基本型式与规格尺寸Basic type and size of fixings for passenger hand-rails in buses25 GB/T 12431-1990 客车乘客扶手杆断面Sections of passengers hand-rails in buses26 GB/T 12432-1990 客车乘客门门泵技术条件Specification for passenger door cylinder of buses27 GB/T 12433-1990 客车乘客门门泵试验方法Testing method for passenger door cylinder of buses28 GB/T 12675-1990 微型货车出厂检验方法Test methods of inspection after production for mini-truck29 GB/T 13043-1991 客车定型试验规程Buses—Engineering approval evaluation program30 GB/T 13044-1991 轻型客车定型试验规程Light buses—Engineering approval evaluation program31 GB/T 13046-1991 轻型客车产品质量定期检查试验规程Testing regulations for light bus and light van periodical inspection32 GB/T 16887-1997 卧铺客车技术条件Specification for sleeper bus33 GB/T 5910-1998 轿车质量分布Passenger car Mass distribution34 GB/T 17347-1998 商用道路车辆尺寸代码Commercial road vehicles Dimensional codes专用汽车1 GB/T 9465.1-1988 高空作业车分类Aerial platform--Classification2 GB/T 9465.2-1988 高空作业车技术条件Aerial platform--Specification3 GB/T 9465.3-1988 高空作业车试验方法Test methods for aerial platform4 GB/T 12503-1995 电视机通用技术条件Generic specification for TV vans5 GB/T 17350-1998 专用汽车和专用半挂车术语和代号Terms and marks in special automobiles and semi-trailers拖拉机1 GB/T 1592-1986 农业拖拉机动力输出轴Power take-off for agricultural tractors2 GB/T 1593.1-1996 农业轮式拖拉机后置式三点悬挂装置第1部分: 1、2、3和4类Agricultural wheeled tractors--Rear-mounted three-point linkage--Part 1: Categories 1,2,3 and 43 GB/T 1593.2-1987 农用轮式拖拉机三点悬挂装置第二部分: 1N类Agricultural wheeled tractors--Three-point linkage--Part 2: CategorY 1 N4 GB/T 1593.3-1987 农业轮式拖拉机三点悬挂装置第三部分: 0 类Agricultural wheeled tractors--Three-point linkage--Part 3: Categories 05 GB 1593.4-1987 农用轮式拖拉机三点悬挂装置第四部分:0类Agricultural wheeled tractors--Three-point linkage--Part 4: Category 06 GB/T 2777-1992 农业拖拉机动力输出轴安全防护罩型式尺寸和强度要求Power take-off safety shield for agricultural tractors--Types, dimensions and strength specifications7 GB/T 2778-1992 农业拖拉机动力输出皮带轮圆周速度和宽度Power take-off pulley for agricultural tractors--Peripheral speed and width8 GB/T 2779-1992 拖拉机拖挂装置型式尺寸和安装要求Tractor's connective equipment for trailers--Types, dimensions and mounting requirements9 GB/T 2780-1992 农业拖拉机牵引装置型式尺寸和安装要求Darwbars for agricultural tractors--Types dimensions and mounting requirements10 GB/T 3373-1982 拖拉机和农业、林业机械用轮辋Rims for tractors,agricultural and forestry machines11 GB/T 3871.1-1993 农业轮式和履带拖拉机试验方法第1 部分通用要求Test methods for agricultural wheeled and tracklaying tractors--Part 1: General requirements12 GB/T 3871.2-1993 农业轮式和履带拖拉机试验方法第2 部分整机参数测定Test methods for agricultural wheeled and tracklaying tractors--Part 2: Measurements of tractor parameters13 GB/T 3871.3-1993 农业轮式和履带拖拉机试验方法第3 部分动力输出轴功率试验Test methods for agricultural wheeled and tracklaying tractors--Part 3: PTO power tests14 GB/T 3871.4-1993 农业轮式和履带拖拉机试验方法第4 部分液压提升能力和输出功率试验Test methods for agricultural wheeled and tracklaying tractors--Part 4: Hydraulic lifting capacity and power tests15 GB/T 3871.5-1993 农业轮式和履带拖拉机试验方法第5 部分转向和离合器操纵试验Test methods for agricultural wheeled and tracklaying tractors--Part 5: Turning and clutch operating tests16 GB/T 3871.6-1993 农业轮式和履带拖拉机试验方法第6 部分制动试验Test methods for agricultural wheeled and tracklaying tractors--Part 6: Braking tests17 GB/T 3871.7-1993 农业轮式和履带拖拉机试验方法第7 部分视野测定Test methods for agricultural wheeled and tracklaying tractors--Part 7: Measurements of operator's field vision18 GB/T 3871.8-1993 农业轮式和履带拖拉机试验方法第8 部分噪声测量Test methods for agricultural wheeled and tracklaying tractors--Part 8: Measurements of noise19 GB/T 3871.9-1993 农业轮式和履带拖拉机试验方法第9 部分牵引功率试验Test methods for agricultural wheeled and tracklaying tractors--Part 9: Drawbar power tests20 GB/T 3871.10-1993 农业轮式和履带拖拉机试验方法第10部分低温起动试验Test methods for agricultural wheeled and tracklaying tractors--Part 10: Low temperature starting tests21 GB/T 3871.11-1993 农业轮式和履带拖拉机试验方法第11部分高温适应性试验Test methods for agricultural wheeled and tracklaying tractors--Part 11: Suitability tests for hot atmosphere22 GB/T 3871.12-1993 农业轮式和履带拖拉机试验方法第12部分使用试验Test methods for agricultural wheeled and tracklaying tractors--Part 12: Working tests23 GB/T 4329-1984 农业拖拉机三点悬挂装置锁销尺寸Three-point-linkage for agricultural tractors--Dimensions of linch pins24 GB/T 6229-1995 手扶拖拉机试验方法Methods of test for walking tractor25 GB/T 6236-1986 农业拖拉机驾驶座标志点Agricultural tractors--Operator's seat index point26 GB/T 6238-1986 农业拖拉机驾驶室的门道、紧急出口与驾驶员的工作位置尺寸Agricultural tractors--Access, exit and the operator's workplace--Dimensions27 GB 6376-1995 拖拉机噪声限值Noise limitation for tractors28 GB/T 6960.1-1995 拖拉机术语整机Tractor terminology--Complete tractor29 GB/T 6960.2-1995 拖拉机术语传动系Tractor terminology--Transmission system30 GB/T 6960.3-1995 拖拉机术语制动系Tractor terminology--Braking system31 GB/T 6960.4-1995 拖拉机术语行走系Tractor terminology--Running gears and undercarriages32 GB/T 6960.5-1995 拖拉机术语转向系Tractor terminology--Steering system33 GB/T 6960.6-1995 拖拉机术语液压悬挂系及牵引、拖挂装置Tractor terminology--Hydraulic hitch system and drawbar, hook34 GB/T 6960.7-1995 拖拉机术语驾驶室、驾驶座和覆盖件Tractor terminology--Cab, seat and sheet metal35 GB/T 6960.8-1986 拖拉机名词术语第八部分履带行走系统Tractor terminology--Part 8: Endless track installation for track laying tractor36 GB/T 6961-1986 拖拉机动力输出轴和牵引装置的使用要求Operating requirements for tractor power take-off and drawbars37 GB/T 6972-1986 农业轮式拖拉机驾驶座振动的测量Agricultural wheeled tractors--Operator's seat--Measurement of trahsmitted vibration38 GB/T 7120-1986 农用轮式拖拉机三点悬挂农具快速挂接器3N类Three-Point hitch implement quick-attaching coupler of agricultural wheeled tractors--Category 3N39 GB 7121-1986 农林轮式拖拉机防护装置强度试验方法和验收条件Agricultural and forestry wheeled tractors--Protective structures--Test method in the strength and acceptance conditions40 GB/T 7927-1987 手扶拖拉机振动测量方法Method of measurement for walking tractor vibration41 GB/T 8421-1987 农业轮式拖拉机驾驶座传递振动的评价指标Agricultural wheeled tractors--Operator seat--Evaluation criteria of transmitted vibration42 GB/T 10176-1988 手扶拖拉机牵引装置和动力输出皮带轮Walking tractors--Drawbar and pulley of power take off43 GB/T 10910-1989 农业轮式拖拉机驾驶员全身振动的测量Agricultural wheeled tractors—Measurement of whole-body vibration of the operator44 GB/T 10911-1989 农业轮式拖拉机和后悬挂农具的匹配Matching of agricultural wheeled tractors and rear mounted implements45 GB/T 10916-1989 农业轮式拖拉机前悬挂装置第一部分: 1、2类Agricultural wheeled tractors—Front-mounted linkage —Part 1: Category 1, 246 GB/T 10917-1989 农用轮式拖拉机前置动力输出轴Front-mounted power take-off for agricultural wheeled tractors47 GB/T 13875-1992 手扶拖拉机通用技术条件The general specification for walking tractors48 GB/T 13876-1992 农业轮式拖拉机驾驶员全身振动的评价指标Agricultural wheeled tractors--Evaluation criteria of whole body vibration of the operator49 GB/T 13877-1992 农业拖拉机和自走式机具密封驾驶室加压系统试验方法Agricultural tractors and self-propelled machines--Test method for enclosure pressurization systems50 GB/T 13878-1992 农业拖拉机和自走式机具封闭驾驶室采暖和通风系统性能试验方法Agricultural tractors and self-propelled machines--Performance of heating and ventilation systems in closed cabs--Method of test51 GB/T 14226-1993 草坪和园艺拖拉机三点悬挂装置Lawn and garden tractors--Three-point hitch52 GB/T 14785-1993 拖拉机和农林机械车轮侧向负载疲劳试验方法Wheels side load fatigue test methods for tractors, agricultural and forestry machines53 GB/T 14786-1993 拖拉机和农林机械车轮扭转疲劳试验方法Wheels torsion fatigue test methods for tractors, agricultural and forestry machines54 GB 15369-1994 农林拖拉机和机械安全技术要求第三部分: 拖拉机Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry--Technical means for ensuring safety--Part 3: Tractors55 GB/T 15370-1994 农业轮式和履带拖拉机通用技术条件General Specifications for agricultural wheeled and tracking tractors56 GB/T 15832-1995 林业轮式和履带拖拉机通用技术条件General specifications for forestry wheeled and tracklaying tractors57 GB/T 15833-1995 林业轮式和履带拖拉机试验方法Test methods for forestry wheeled and tracklaying tractors58 GB/T 6235-1997 农业拖拉机驾驶座及主要操纵装置位置尺寸Agricultural tractors--Operator's seating accommodation--Dimensions59 GB/T 16877-1997 拖拉机禁用与报废Prohibition and scrapping for tractors60 GB/T 17122-1997 草坪和园艺乘座式拖拉机动力输出套管Lawn and garden ride-on (riding) tractors--Power take-off61 GB/T 17123-1997 草坪和园艺乘座式拖拉机单点套管式悬挂装置Lawn and garden ride-on (riding) tractors--One-point tubular sleeve hitch62 GB/T 17124-1997 草坪和园艺乘座式拖拉机牵引杆Lawn and garden ride-on (riding) tractors--Drawbar63 GB/T 6232-1998 农林拖拉机和机械车轮在轮毂上安装尺寸Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry-Wheel-to-hub fixing dimensions挂车1 GB/T 4330-1984 农业挂车Agricultural trailer2 GB/T 4331-1984 农用挂车试验方法Test methods for agricultural trailers3 GB/T 4606-1984 道路车辆半挂车鞍座50号牵引销主要尺寸和安装、互换性尺寸Road vehicles--50 semi-trailer fifth wheel coupling pin--Basic and mounting/interchangeability dimensions4 GB/T 4607-1984 道路车辆半挂车鞍座90号牵引销主要尺寸和安装、互换性尺寸Road vehicles--90 semi-trailer fifth wheel coupling pin--Basic and mounting/interchangeability dimensions5 GB/T 4781-1984 牵引车与全挂车的机械连接装置互换性Mechanical connection between towing vehicle and full trailers for interchangeability6 GB/T 6420-1986 货运挂车系列型谱Freight trailer series pedigree7 GB/T 13872-1992 货运挂车定型试验规程Trailer--Rules for the identification test8 GB/T 13873-1992 货运挂车试验方法Trailer--Test procedure9 GB/T 13874-1992 货运挂车质量定期检查试验规程Trailer--Rules for the periodic quality inspection test10 GB/T 13880-1992 半挂牵引车牵引座的安装Road vehicles--Semi trailer fifth wheel mounting11 GB/T 13881-1992 牵引车与挂车之间气制动管连接器Pneumatic braking connections between motor vehicles and towed vehicles12 GB/T 13202-1997 摩托车轮辋系列Series of motorcycle rims13 GB/T 17275-1998 货运全挂车通用技术条件Technical requirements for freight full trailers摩托车。
汽车中英文对照表AAA—-American Automobile Association——美国汽车协会;美国汽车联合会AAAA-—澳大利亚汽车后市场协会AAC—-数字音频解码技术AAC--辅助空气控制阀AANH——美国网络销售公司AAP——Auto Aftermarket Parts——汽车售后部件AAS——Adaptive Air Suspension--可调空气悬架(奥迪);主动式悬架AASS——Adaptive Air Suspension System——可调空气悬架系统(奥迪)AA T—-Adaptive Airbage Technology——(德尔福)自适应安全气囊技术AB——All Balanced--全面均衡(设计理念)(简称AB设计理念,该理念主要包括动力、空间、安全、操控和个性化5个方面)ABA-—制动摩擦片虚位自动调校补偿系统ABC-—Active Body Control—-主动车身控制;动态车身控制;主动车身控制悬架系统ABC+T——Automatic Brake and Traction Control——自动制动控制+牵引力辅助控制ABD—-自动制动差速器;差速制动系统ABD-—英国驾车者协会ABI——英国保险联合会ABS——Anti—lock Brake System或Anti-lock Braking System--防抱死制动系统说明:没有ABS时,汽车紧急制动时,4个车轮会被完全抱死,这时只要有轻微的侧向力作用(比如倾斜的路面或者地上的一块小石头),汽车就会发生侧滑、甩尾,甚至完全调头。
特别是在弯道上行驶时,由于前轮抱死,汽车将因车轮缺乏附着而丧失转向能力,沿着惯性方向向前直至停止。
ABS的功能就在于通过控制制动油压的收放,达到对车轮抱死的控制。
ABS系统可以使汽车在任何工况下对汽车的4个车轮通过4个独立的传感器进行检测,并对各个车轮独立控制,使4个车轮均处于最佳的制动状态,能够保障汽车在任何的路面上,特别是在雨水路面和冰雪路面上制动时,保证汽车的任何一个车轮都不抱死,避免汽车发生侧滑、甩尾及无法转向等,从而使汽车具有良好的的制动效能、稳定性和转向性,提高汽车的制动安全性。
国家:欧洲经济共同体. INTEREUROPE原稿:O.J. L 220/60-71 发布日期:1977年8月29日1977年6月28日委员会指令关于机动车及其挂车后雾灯的成员国相关法律(77/538/EEC)由委员会指令89/518/EEC修正欧洲共同体委员会,考虑到欧洲经济共同体成立时的条约,尤其是该条约第100条,考虑到委员会的提议,考虑到欧洲议会的意见(1),考虑到经济和社会委员会的意见(2),鉴于机动车的技术要求必须满足相关的本国法令,特别是其后部前雾灯;鉴于各成员国之间的上述要求彼此不同;鉴于需要所有成员国采用相同的要求,除此之外,要替代现有法规,或者现有标准,允许将1970年2月6日发布的,关于机动车及其挂车(3)的型式认证的成员国近似法律的委员会指令70/156/EEC 中的EEC型式认证流程应用于每一种车辆;鉴于在指令76/756/EEC(4)中,理事会给出了在机动车及其挂车上安装照明和光信号装置的通用要求;鉴于对后雾灯的一致型式认证程序可以让各成员国检查与通用结构和测试要求的符合性,并将对各种型式后雾灯提供的组件型式认证证书副本发送给其它成员国;鉴于在生产的符合认证型式的所有后雾灯上标出EEC型式认证标记,以便在另一个成员国内对这些后雾灯进行必要的技术检查;国家:欧洲经济共同体. INTEREUROPE原稿:O.J. L 220/60-71 发布日期:1977年8月29日鉴于应当草拟技术要求,以便使其与联合国欧洲经济委员会在此问题上的工作目标相同;鉴于有关机动车的本国相关法律,在正常条件下由各国进行测试,要求各成员国之间互相认可,欧洲共同体委员已采用本指令:第1条1.各成员国应该为满足附件0、II、III、IV和V给出的结构和测试要求的任一型式后雾灯发放EEC型式认证。
2.已经发放EEC型式认证类型认证在成员国应该采取必要措施来进行验证,如果测量要求的话,可以与其它成员国的主管当局合作,以检验产品型号是否符合认证类型。