波兰英文介绍【精品】

波兰首都华沙英语华沙是波兰共和国的首都、马佐夫舍省的省会，波兰的政治、经济、文化中心和第一大城市，接下来，小编给大家准备了波兰首都华沙英语,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。

波兰首都华沙英语Dont be disheartened(沮丧)when you arrive in Warsaw and you discover it is not an Eastern European paradise. The city is really a big accident. Giant glass skyscrapers dominate the center, whilst(同时)ugly communist Lego-construction style tower blocks are omnipresent(无处不在). The city was levelled(夷平)by the Germans in World War II and has been completely rebuilt in tasteless communist grey.Since 1989 the capitalists rebuilt the centre with barely more finesse, preferring to use glass and plastic. There are hardly any historic buildings, although the old town is an exact reconstruction of pre-war Warsaw, and the Russians built the Palace of Culture with German money intended as reparations(赔款)for war crimes. Poles(波兰人)are divided about the fate of this building, half of whom would like to knock it down, and the other half preferring to keep it as a focal point of Warsaw and a living part of Polish history.All this architectural gloominess should not deter you from enjoying your visit. Warsaw is actually a great place for a short or medium term visit. The Poles love to party, especially the younger crowd, although the older ones will join in too if there is a genuine reason for the celebration. Youll find a plethora(过多)of bars and restaurants to indulge yourself in. There are a few local guides you can buy at the airport, big hotels and big newsagents, which will point you in the right direction. In addition to the bars and restaurants, there are a few sights you should see.Once you have been in town for a few days and begin to recognize the buildings, visit a museum of Warsaw History in the Old Town Square - Rynek - and youll see the same buildings but in a pre-capitalist Warsaw where advertising was illegal. The difference is startling. Until now the Poles have tried to hide the Jewish Ghetto: an area that was walled off to contain the Jews in World War II. Reminders are beginning to spring up, and a huge museum to this event will be constructed in 2003. And if you are interested in where real Poles live, you can take a trip to Ursynow and see a typical bland Warsaw landscape.The cost-conscious visitor may have a nasty surprise aftervisiting other cities in Eastern Europe. Warsaw is relatively expensive, lining up with Western European cities. There does not seem to be any logic behind this anomaly(异常). Far more tourists visit Prague every year, but it is much cheaper. It seems only to be the sheer size of the Polish population attracting foreign businesses and their money.One interesting contrast in Warsaw is the difference between rich and poor. Being the capital city, it attracts both the elite(精英)and the desperate. You can walk across the road from the train station where alcoholics wander aimlessly to the Marriott hotel where businessmen wine and dine their coquettish girlfriends. Theres no need to be afraid of visiting the train station: it looks far worse than it is, and is used frequently by the majority of the population.Another interesting contrast is between the women and the men. The women are extremely fashion conscious, and no matter which style they dress in, it is always provocative. The men on the other hand are either mostly skin heads or dress very conservatively, preferring to spend their money on material possessions. There are of course also the nouveaux-riches(暴发户)who dress more or less as they might do in any other city in the world.You either love Warsaw or you hate it. Most people who love it are men, mainly because they end up getting married to beautiful Polish women, but there is plenty for ladies to enjoy in this city too, so long as they are not desperately looking for a husband. Most people stay about a week, which gives ample time to take in the local atmosphere.扩展：全国高校大学名称中英文对照浙江省所属大学：1、浙江大学Zhejiang University2、宁波大学University Of Ningbo3、浙江工业大学Zhejiang University of Technology4、浙江师范大学Zhejiang Normal University5、杭州电子科技大学Electronic University Of Science。

波兰英文PolandPoland is a country situated in central Europe, with a population of around 38 million people. It has a rich history and culture, with its roots dating back to the 10th century. Poland has gone through many changes and challenges, including World War II and communist rule, but has emerged as a vibrant and progressive nation with a strong economy and a proud identity.Geography and ClimatePoland is located in the heart of Europe, bordered by Germany to the west, the Baltic Sea to the north, Russia and Lithuania to the east, and Ukraine and Belarus to the south. It covers an area of over 312,000 square kilometers and has a mostly flat terrain, with low mountains and hills in the south. The country has a temperate climate, with long, cold winters and mild summers.Culture and SocietyPoland has a rich cultural heritage, with a diverse population that reflects its history and geography. The country's architecture, art, music, and traditions are deeply influenced by its Slavic roots, Catholic faith, and European neighbors. Poland has also made significant contributions to world culture, including the work of scientists like Copernicus and Marie Curie, and the literature of great writers like Adam Mickiewicz, Henryk Sienkiewicz, and Wislawa Szymborska.Polish society is changing rapidly, with a growing middle class, increasing diversity, and greater social mobility. Traditional values of family, community, and faith remain important, but are being balanced with modern aspirationsof personal fulfillment, individualism, and economic success. Poland's strategic location and emerging economy have made it an attractive destination for foreign investment, tourism, and cultural exchange.Economy and PoliticsPoland has a fast-growing and diversified economy, based on manufacturing, technology, and services. The country is also a significant exporter of agricultural products, especially grains, fruits, and vegetables. Poland's favorable geographical location, skilled workforce, and membershipin the European Union have helped drive its economic development, and it is now the sixth-largest economy in the EU.Poland is a democratic republic with a president, prime minister, and bicameral parliament. The current government is led by the conservative Law and Justice party, which has been criticized for its policies regarding the media, judiciary, and civil society. Poland has also been in a long-standing dispute with the EU over issues related to the rule of law and human rights.Tourism and AttractionsPoland has many attractions and destinations that appeal to different types of travelers. The country's capital, Warsaw, is a vibrant and modern city, with a rich history and cultural heritage. Visitors can explore the Old Town, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, visit the Royal Castle, and enjoy the city's many parks, museums, and galleries. Krakow, another popular tourist destination, is renowned for its stunning architecture, ancient churches, and vibrant nightlife.Poland also offers a varied natural landscape, including the Tatra Mountains, the Bieszczady Mountains, and the Mazury Lake District. These areas are popular for hiking, skiing, and water sports. Poland's coast, with its long sandy beaches and historical seaside towns, is another popular destination for tourists.ConclusionPoland is a country with a rich history and a bright future. Its culture, economy, and society are evolving and changing, reflecting the aspirations and challenges of its people. Visitors to Poland can experience the country's old-world charm, modern dynamism, and natural beauty, making it a must-see destination in Europe.。

Poland lies at the heart of Europe. This land of low plains has long provided a route between eastern Europe and western Europe, and between northern Europe and southern Europe. As a result, Poland has been invaded many times.Facts About PolandOfficial name Republic of PolandCapital WarsawOfficial language PolishPopulation 38,500,000 peopleRank among countries in population 32ndMajor cities Warsaw, Lodz, KrakowArea 121,000 square miles 313,000 square kilometersRank among countries in area 68thHighest point Mount Rysy8,199 feet/2,499 metersCurrency ZlotyPOLAND’S STORMY STORYPoland’s history goes back 1,000 years. During that time, the country’s size and shape changed many times as a result of wars. Poland has even been chopped up and given away to other countries. For more than 100 years, from 1797 to 1918, there was no Poland. Germany, Austria, and Russia each had part of the country.Poland became a country again in 1918, but not for long. In 1939, German tanks rolled into Po land. Germany’s invasion of Poland started World War II (1939-1945). Germany and the Soviet Union (Russia) soon divided Poland between them.After World War II ended in 1945, Poland regained its independence. But the Soviet Union controlled what Poland did. It made sure Poland had a communist government. Poland finally became an independent democracy in the early 1990s.POLAND’S COUNTRYSIDEMuch of Poland consists of low, rolling plains. Poland’s name comes from its first settlers, the Polanie or “plains dwellers.” Forests of spruceand pine trees cover about a quarter of the land. Mountains rise in southern Poland. The countryside has many farms.The Baltic Sea borders Poland to the north. Resorts and beautiful beaches line the Baltic coast. Thousands of lakes dot the land near the coast. The coast and the lakes are popular vacation places. Ships come and go from ports on the Baltic Sea.Many of Poland’s towns and cities date back to early times. If you visit Poland, you’ll see a mixture of old and new. The towns and cities have picturesque historic buildings as well as modern skyscrapers and factories.WARSAW, POLAND’S CAPITALWarsaw is the capital of Poland and its largest city. Warsaw sits near the middle of Poland, on the banks of the Wisla River. The city has a castle and many palaces and museums. Poland was a kingdom for many years, and its king and queen lived at the royal castle.Polish composer Frederick Chopin was born near Warsaw in 1810 and studied music in the city. Scientist Marie Curie was born in Warsaw in 1867. Chopin and Curie were both Polish patriots, but they moved to France. There was no Poland when they left. They and other Polish patriots hoped that the French army would help win back Poland. This did not happen.Warsaw was a beautiful city before World War II. During the war, most of Warsaw was destroyed. The Polish people rebuilt the city after the war. The Old Town section, in the center of Warsaw, looks much like it did before the war. The rest of the city has modern buildings.KRAKOW, CENTER OF LEARNINGKrakow is one of the Poland’s oldest cities. It contains many historic buildings. The most famous is a cathedral built in the 1350s. The kings of Poland were crowned there.Krakow has long been a center of learning. Astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus studied in Krakow. The city’s most famous citizen is probably Pope John Paul II. The pope heads the Roman Catholic Church. Before becoming pope, John Paul had been archbishop of Krakow. In 1978, he became the first Polish pope ever.GDANSK AND SOLIDARITYGdansk is a port city on the Baltic Sea. Much of the city looks as it did hundreds of years ago. Narrow streets wind past old houses with carved stone balconies.Gdansk is also important because a movement to end communist control of Poland began here. During the 1970s, Polish workers in Gdansk began to protest against the government. They joined together in a group called Solidarity. It was led by Lech Walesa, a shipyard worker.After a long struggle, Solidarity forced Poland’s government to hold elections. In 1990, Walesa was elected president of Poland. Poland got a new constitution in 1997. It guaranteed freedoms for the Polish people.。

Tourist Attractions and Places of Interest in PolandPoland is officially the Republic of Poland in Central Europe. We will be briefly going through all thesights that attract tourists. The annual number of visitors to Poland has increased rapidly since 1990.In 2002 there were 14 million visitors in Poland. The major tourist attractions in Poland are the resortsalong the Baltic Sea, the Lake District south of the c oast, the Karpaty and Sudety mountains, and thecountry’s numerous national parks and its museums .Poland’s borders are marked by the Sudety mountains (Sudetes) in the southwest, the CarpathianMountains (Karpaty) in the southeast, the Odra and Neisse (Nysa) rivers in the west, and the BugRiver in the east. On the northeast, the country is bounded by a section of the Baltic Sea – all breath-taking places to visit.Warsaw, Poland's capital since the late 16th century is by far the biggest and fastest developingPolish city. It is visited every year by thousands of tourists from all over the world, especially duringthe summer. Wroclaw, the capital of Lower Silesia (Dolny Slask) amazes with its volume of Gothic,Baroque and Art Nouveau architecture. Several musical and theatre festivals, as well as its busynightlife, attract innumerable visitors from all over Poland and abroad.Krakow is probably the most beautiful and fascinating city in Poland. The attraction is not just thesplendid architecture and the treasures of art – but also the unique ambience of the former Jewishdistrict and the masterpieces of Polish Art Nouveau. Thanks to an amazing density and variety ofbars, pubs, clubs and restaurants, Krakow sparkles with life. Anyway, there is no point in merelytalking about its attractions – everyone should see Krakow with their own eyes.Places to see in Poland include, Zakopane, Poland's premier mountain resort, is one of the country'smost popular holiday destinations, both in the winter for skiing, and in the summer, for hiking andcamping. Tricity (the Triple City also called the Treble City, in Polish Trójmiasto) is the metropolitanarea consisting of the three Polish cities Gdañsk, Gdynia and Sopot.They are situated very close to each other on the coast of the Gdansk Bay on the Baltic Sea, inEastern Pomerania. Sopot has a great geographical location - lying between the beautiful woods ofthe TriCity Landscape Park, and the numerous sand beaches of the Bay of Gdansk. Sopot is knownfor its sanitaria and countless artists and tourists, who visit the city especially during summertime. Gdynia is a young, but quickly expanding harbor city situated just at the seashore, offering manytourist attractions as well as splendid shoppingopportunities and a lot of entertainmen.。

波兰的人口和经济概况英文版波兰是欧洲中部的一个国家，其面积为312,679平方公里，位于德国和俄罗斯东南部，西班牙和斯洛伐克西北部。

在此，人口主要分布在北部，主要以波兰语为母语的波兰人占绝大多数，人口估计为3899万，占欧洲总人口的0.58％。

According to the 2018 figures, the total population of Poland was 38.99 million (38,993,459). The Polish population is divided into communities such as Poles (98.2%), Germans (0.5%), Ukrainians (0.5%), Belarusians (0.2%), Lithuanians (0.2%), Czechs (0.2%), Roma (0.1%) and Silesians (0.1%).此外，波兰的性别比为1.05：1，男性占总人口的50.4％，女性占49.6％。

从年龄来看，波兰总人口中老年人的比例最高，超过21％，幼儿人口比例最低，约为14.2％，大多数人口介于15岁到64岁之间。

It is expected that the population of Poland will decline in the future due to the decrease in the birth rate. The death rate in Poland is one of the highest in Europe and has been increasing over the recent years. The fertility rate has been falling since the 1980s and currently stands at 1.3, which is well below the replacement fertility rate of 2.1.从经济概况来看，波兰是世界上最大的区域性经济体，也是排名前六的欧盟成员国之一。

polish是哪个国家
1、polish是波兰共和国。

2、简称波兰，是一个位于中欧，由16个省组成的民主共和制国家。

东与乌克兰及白俄罗斯相连，东北与立陶宛及俄罗斯的飞地加里宁格勒州接壤，西与德国接壤，南与捷克和斯洛伐克为邻，北面濒临波罗的海。

3、Polish，英文单词，名词、形容词，作名词时意为“波兰人；波兰语”，作形容词时意为“波兰的”。

波兰位于欧洲大陆中部，中欧东北部。

最南端为北纬49°00′，最北端为北纬54°50′，最东端为东经24°09′，最西端为东经14°08′。

东部和东北部分别与立陶宛、白罗斯、乌克兰和俄罗斯的“飞地”加里宁格勒地区接壤，南部与捷克和斯洛伐克毗邻，西部与德国相连，北临波罗的海并与瑞典和丹麦遥遥相对。

拜登波兰演讲中英文对照尊敬的总统先生、女士们、先生们，Mr. President, Madam First Lady, distinguished guests, and ladies and gentlemen,首先，我想感谢您，总统先生，让我有机会到这里，以及你的热烈欢迎。

身为美国总统的我，我很高兴回到波兰。

我很高兴能在这里与你们一起庆祝两国之间的重要伙伴关系，以及我们所共享的价值和历史。

First, let me say thank you, Mr. President, for the invitation to be here and for the warm welcome. As President of the United States, I am honored to be back in Poland. I am pleased to celebrate the important partnership between our two countries and the values and history we share.自1991年恢复外交关系以来，美波同盟不断加强，我们两个国家一直在共同维护自由、民主和人权的理念。

我们也是北约的重要成员，为维护世界的和平和稳定作出了重要贡献。

Since reestablishing diplomatic relations in 1991, the U.S.-Polish alliance has only grown stronger, as our two countries remain committed to the ideals of freedom, democracy, and human rights. We are also important members of NATO, contributing to the maintenance of peace and stability in the world.在过去的几个月中，我和您一起见证了一场全球危机。

波兰球wiki英文版Polandball Wiki is an online encyclopedia dedicated to the world of Polandball, a unique form of internet humor that revolves around anthropomorphic balls representing countries and their interactions. This wiki serves as a comprehensive repository of information, artwork, and community discussions related to Polandball and its associated comics, memes, and culture.The origins of Polandball can be traced back to the early 2000s on the internet forums of Krautchan and 4chan. It emerged as a humorous way to depict geopolitics, international relations, and historical events through the lens of colorful ball-shaped characters, each adorned with national flags and stereotypical traits. Despite its simplistic art style, Polandball has developed a rich and complex culture with its own set of rules, norms, and inside jokes.One of the defining features of Polandball comics is the use of broken English, often referred to as "Polish Engrish" or "Engrish" in reference to the linguistic quirks of the characters. This linguistic style adds to the humor and charm of the comics while also serving as a unifying element within the community. However, it's important to note that the use of broken English is meant in good fun and should not be taken as a reflection of actual language skills.Polandball comics cover a wide range of topics, including current events, historical conflicts, cultural stereotypes, and diplomatic relations between countries. The humor often derives from the absurdity of the situations portrayed, as well as the exaggerated personalities of the characters. Despite the satirical nature of Polandball, creators and fans alike approach sensitive topics with a sense of tact and respect, avoiding outright offense or bigotry.In addition to comics, Polandball Wiki also hosts a wealth of information about the characters, memes, and terminology associated with the Polandball universe. This includes detailed articles on individual countries and regions, as well as guides on how tocreate Polandball comics and participate in the community. The wiki serves as a hub for fans to share their artwork, discuss the latest trends, and collaborate on projects.Over the years, Polandball has grown from a niche internet subculture to a global phenomenon with millions of fans worldwide. Its appeal lies in its accessibility, creativity, and ability to transcend language and cultural barriers. Whether you're a history buff, a geopolitics enthusiast, or simply someone looking for a good laugh, Polandball offers something for everyone.In conclusion, Polandball Wiki stands as a testament to the creativity and ingenuityof its community. Through its extensive collection of comics, artwork, and resources, the wiki celebrates the unique charm and humor of Polandball while also fostering a welcoming and inclusive environment for fans to connect and collaborate. As Polandball continues to evolve and expand, the wiki remains an indispensable resource for both newcomers and seasoned enthusiasts alike.。

蔬菜波兰会旅游作文英文Vegetable Tourism in PolandExploring the Vibrant Culinary Landscape of Poland through the Lens of Vegetable-Centric ExperiencesPoland is a country that has long been celebrated for its rich cultural heritage, stunning natural landscapes, and diverse culinary traditions. As a traveler, one of the most captivating aspects of exploring Poland is the opportunity to immerse oneself in the country's deep-rooted connection to the land and the abundance of locally-sourced, seasonal produce that forms the foundation of its cuisine.At the heart of this culinary journey lies the humble yet versatile vegetable, which has played a pivotal role in shaping the gastronomic identity of Poland. From the humble potato to the vibrant beets, the country's agricultural bounty is a testament to the ingenuity and resilience of its people, who have harnessed the power of the land to create a culinary tapestry that is both nourishing and deeply satisfying.One of the most captivating aspects of vegetable tourism in Polandis the opportunity to explore the country's rich network of farmers' markets and local producers. These bustling hubs of activity are not merely places to purchase fresh produce, but rather, they are living embodiments of the country's agricultural heritage and the deep-rooted connections between the land, the people, and the food they consume.As you wander through the stalls, the sights, sounds, and aromas of the market transport you to a world where time seems to slow down, and the focus is solely on the celebration of the humble vegetable in all its glory. From the vibrant hues of the locally-grown tomatoes to the earthy scent of freshly-dug potatoes, every interaction with the vendors and producers offers a glimpse into the stories and traditions that have been passed down through generations.One of the must-visit destinations for vegetable enthusiasts in Poland is the historic city of Krakow, where the Rynek Główny, or the Main Market Square, has been a hub of culinary activity for centuries. Here, you can immerse yourself in the lively atmosphere of the Cloth Hall, a magnificent Renaissance-era structure that houses a bustling marketplace where local farmers and artisans gather to showcase their wares.As you wander through the stalls, you'll be greeted by a kaleidoscope of colors and textures, from the deep purple of theeggplants to the bright green of the leafy greens. Take the time to engage with the vendors, who are often more than happy to share the stories behind their produce and offer recommendations on how best to prepare and enjoy the bounty of the land.Beyond the farmers' markets, Poland's culinary landscape is dotted with a myriad of farm-to-table restaurants and culinary experiences that celebrate the country's vegetable-centric culinary traditions. One such destination is the picturesque town of Zakopane, nestled in the heart of the Tatra Mountains, where you can indulge in a traditional highlander feast featuring locally-sourced, seasonal vegetables prepared in a variety of mouthwatering ways.In Zakopane, you'll have the opportunity to visit small-scale farms and learn about the sustainable farming practices that have been honed over generations. From foraging for wild mushrooms and herbs to participating in the harvesting of root vegetables, these immersive experiences offer a deeper appreciation for the hard work and dedication that goes into bringing these culinary delights to your plate.As you explore the vegetable-centric culinary landscape of Poland, you'll also be struck by the ingenuity and creativity of the country's chefs and home cooks, who have elevated the humble vegetable to new heights through their innovative use of traditional techniquesand modern interpretations. From the classic borscht, a vibrant beet-based soup, to the delectable pierogi, dumplings filled with a variety of vegetable fillings, the versatility of the vegetable is on full display.In addition to the culinary delights, Poland's vegetable tourism also offers a unique opportunity to connect with the country's rich cultural heritage. Many of the traditional dishes and cooking methods are deeply rooted in the country's history, reflecting the resilience and adaptability of its people in the face of changing times and challenges.By immersing yourself in the vegetable-centric culinary experiences of Poland, you'll not only nourish your body but also your soul, as you connect with the land, the people, and the stories that have shaped this remarkable country. Whether you're exploring the bustling farmers' markets, indulging in farm-to-table feasts, or participating in hands-on culinary workshops, the vegetable-focused tourism of Poland promises to be a truly transformative and unforgettable journey.。

波兰英语缩写【篇一：波兰英语缩写】43 et 埃塞俄比亚...序号缩写中文英文1 ae 阿联酋 united arab emirates2 af 阿富汗 afghanistan3 al 阿尔巴尼亚 albania4 ao 安哥拉 angola5 ar 阿根廷 argentina6 at 奥地利 austria7 au 澳大利亚 australia8 az 阿塞拜疆 azerbaijan9 bd 孟加拉 bangladesh10 be 比利时 belgium11 bg 保加利亚 bulgaria12 bh 巴林 bahrain13 bi 布隆迪 burundi14 bj 贝宁 benin15 bm 百慕大 bermuda16 bn 文莱 brunei17 bo 玻利维亚 bolivia18 br 巴西 brazil19 bs 巴哈马 bahamas20 bt 不丹 bhutan21 bw 博茨瓦纳 botswana22 ca 加拿大 canada23 cf 中非共和国 central africa24 cg 刚果 congo25 ch 瑞士 switzerland26 ck 库克群岛 cook is.27 cl 智利 chile28 cm 喀麦隆 cameroon29 cn 中国 china30 co 哥伦比亚 colombia31 cr 哥斯达黎加 costa rica32 cu 古巴 cuba33 cv 佛得角群岛 cape verde is.34 cy 塞浦路斯 cyprus35 cz 捷克共和国 czech36 de 德国 germany37 dk 丹麦 denmark38 dz 阿尔及利亚 algeria39 ec 厄瓜多尔 ecuador40 ee 爱沙尼亚 estonia41 eg 埃及 egypt42 es 西班牙 spain43 et 埃塞俄比亚 ethiopia44 fi 芬兰 finland45 fj 斐济 fiji46 fr 法国 france47 ga 加蓬 gabon48 gb 英国 great britain49 gd 格林纳达 grenada50 gh 加纳 ghana51 gm 冈比亚 gambia52 gn 几内亚 guinea-bissau53 gq 赤道几内亚 equatorial guinea54 gr 希腊 greece55 gt 危地马拉 guatemala56 gu 关岛 guam57 gy 圭亚那 guyana58 hk 香港 hong kong59 hn 洪都拉斯 honduras60 hr 克罗地亚 croatia61 ht 海地 haiti62 hu 匈牙利 hungary63 id 印度尼西亚 indonesia64 ie 爱尔兰 ireland65 il 以色列 israel66 in 印度 india67 iq 伊拉克 iraq68 ir 伊朗 iran69 is 冰岛 iceland70 it 意大利 italy71 jm 牙买加 jamaica72 jo 约旦 jordan73 jp 日本 japan74 ke 肯尼亚 kenya75 kh 柬埔寨 cambodia76 kp 韩国 r.o.korea77 kr 北朝鲜 d.p.r.korea78 kw 科威特 kuwait79 kz 哈萨克斯坦 kazakhstan80 la 老挝 laos81 lb 黎巴嫩 lebanon82 lt 立陶宛 lithuania83 lu 卢森堡 luxembourg84 lv 拉托维亚 latvia85 ly 利比亚 libya86 ma 摩洛哥 morocco87 mc 摩纳哥 monaco88 md 摩尔多瓦 moldova89 mg 马达加斯加 madagascar90 ml 马里 mali91 mn 蒙古 mongolia92 mo 澳门 macao93 mr 毛里塔尼亚 mauritania94 mt 马耳他 malta95 mu 毛里求斯 mauritius96 mv 马尔代夫 malp>97 mx 墨西哥 mexico98 my 马来西亚 malaysia99 mz 莫桑比克 mozambique100 na 纳米比亚 namibia101 ne 尼日尔 niger102 ng 尼日利亚 nigeria103 ni 尼加拉瓜 nicaragua104 nl 荷兰 netherlands105 no 挪威 norway106 np 尼泊尔 nepal107 nz 新西兰 new zealand108 om 阿曼 oman109 pa 巴拿马 panama110 pe 秘鲁 peru111 pg 巴布亚新几内亚 papua new guinea 112 ph 菲律宾 philippines113 pk 巴基斯坦 pakistan114 pl 波兰 poland115 pt 葡萄牙 portugal116 py 巴拉圭 paraguay117 qa 卡塔尔 qatar118 ro 罗马尼亚 romania119 ru 俄罗斯 russia120 rw 卢旺达 rwanda121 sa 沙特阿拉伯 saudi arabia122 sd 苏丹 sudan123 se 瑞典 sweden124 sg 新加坡 singapore125 sk 斯洛伐克 slovakia126 sm 圣马力诺 san marino127 sn 塞内加尔 senegal128 so 索马里 somalia129 sy 叙利亚 syria130 th 泰国 thailand131 tj 塔吉克斯坦 tadzhikistan132 tm 土库曼斯坦 turkmenistan133 tn 突尼斯 tunisia134 to 汤加 tonga135 tw 台湾 taiwan136 tz 坦桑尼亚 tanzania137 ua 乌克兰 ukraine138 ug 乌干达 uganda139 uk 英国 united kingdom140 us 美国 united states141 uy 乌拉圭 uruguay142 uz 乌兹别克斯坦 uzbekistan143 va 梵蒂冈 vatican city144 ve 委内瑞拉 venezuela145 vn 越南 viet nam146 ye 也门 yemen147 yu 南斯拉夫 yugoslavia148 za 南非 south africa149 zm 赞比亚 zambia150 zr 扎伊尔 zaire151 zw 津巴布韦 zimbabwe【篇二：波兰英语缩写】a字头ae-阿联酋(united emirates)af-阿富汗(afghanistan)al-(albania)am-亚美尼亚(armenia)ao-安哥拉(angola)ar-阿根廷(argentina)at-奥地利(austria)au-(australia)az-阿塞拜疆(azerbaijan(republic))b字头bd-孟加拉(bangladesh)be-比利时(belgium)bf-布基纳法索(burkina faso)bg-保加利亚(bulgaria)bh-巴林(bahrein)bi-布隆迪(burundi)bj-贝宁(benin)bl-巴勒斯坦()bn-文莱(brunei darussalam)bo-玻利维亚(bolivia)br-巴西(brazil)bw-博茨瓦纳(botswana) by-白俄罗斯(byelorussia) c字头ca-加拿大(canada)cf-中非(central africa)cg-刚果(congo)ch-瑞士(switzerland)cl-智利(chile)cm-喀麦隆(cameroon)cn-中国(china)co-哥伦比亚(colombia)cr-(costa rica)cs-捷克(czech repubic) cu-古巴(cuba)cy-塞浦路斯(cyprus)cn-中国(china)d字头de-德国(germany)dk-丹麦(denmark)do-(dominican republic) dz-(algeria)e字头ec-厄瓜多尔(ecuador)ee-爱沙尼亚(estonia)eg-埃及(egypt)es-西班牙(spain)et-(ethiopia)f字头fi-芬兰(finland)fj-斐济(fiji)fr-法国(france)g字头ga-加蓬(gabon)gb-英国(united kingdom)gd-格林纳达(grenada)ge-格鲁吉亚(georgia)gh-加纳(ghana)gn-几内亚(guinea)gr-希腊(greece)gt-危地马拉(guatemala)h字头hk-(hong kong)hn-洪都拉斯(honduras)hu-匈牙利(hungary)i字头id-(indonesia)ie-爱尔兰(ireland)il-以色列(israel)in-印度(india)iq-伊拉克(iraq)ir-伊朗(iran)is-冰岛(iceland)it-意大利(italy)j字头jm-牙买加(jamaica)jo-约旦(jordan)jp-日本(japan)k字头kg-吉尔吉斯坦(kyrgyzstan)kh-柬埔寨(kampuchea(cambodia)) kp-北朝鲜(korea,dem.people’s)kr-韩国(republic of korea)kt-科特迪瓦共和国(cote o’ivoire) kw-科威特(kuwati)kz-哈萨克(kazakhstan)l 字头la-老挝(laos)lb-黎巴嫩(lebanon)lc-圣卢西亚(saint lueia)li-(liechtenstein)lk-斯里兰卡(sri lanka)lr-利比里亚(liberia)lt-立陶宛(lithuania)lu-卢森堡(luxembourg)lv-拉脱维亚(latvia)ly-利比亚(libyan)m字头ma-摩洛哥(morocco)mc-摩纳哥(monaco)md-摩尔多瓦(moldova,republic of) mg-(madagascar)ml-马里(mali)mm-缅甸(burma(myanmar))mn-蒙古(mongolia)mo-澳门地区(macau)mt-马耳他(malta)mu-毛里求斯(mauritius)mw-马拉维(malawi)mx-墨西哥(mexico)my-马来西亚(malaysia)mz-莫桑比克(mozambique)n字头na-纳米比亚(namibia)ne-尼日尔(niger)ng-尼日利亚(nigeria)ni-尼加拉瓜(nicaragua)nl-荷兰(netherlands)no-挪威(norway)np-尼泊尔(nepal)nz-新西兰(new zealand)o字头om-阿曼(oman)p字头pa-巴拿马(panama)pe-秘鲁(peru)pg-巴布亚新几内亚(papua new guinea) ph-菲律宾(philippines)pk-巴基斯坦(pakistan)pl-波兰(poland)pt-葡萄牙(portugal)py-巴拉圭(paraguay)q字头qa-卡塔尔(qatar)rro-罗马尼亚(romania)ru-俄罗斯(russian federation)s字头sa-沙特阿拉伯(saudi arabia)sc-塞舌尔(seychelles)sd-苏丹(sudan)se-瑞典(sweden)sg-新加坡(singapore)si-斯洛文尼亚(slovenia)sk-斯洛伐克(slovakia)sm-圣马力诺(san marino)sn-塞内加尔(senegal)so-索马里(somalia)sy-叙利亚(syria)sz-斯威士兰(swaziland)t 字头td-乍得(chad)tg-多哥(togo)th-泰国(thailand)tj-塔吉克斯坦(tajikistan)tm-土库曼(turkmenistan)tn-突尼斯(tunisia)tr-土耳其(turkey)tw-台湾省(taiwan)tz-坦桑尼亚(tanzania)u字头ua-乌克兰(ukraine)ug-乌干达(uganda)us-美国(united states)uy-乌拉圭(uruguay)uz-乌兹别克(uzbekistan)v 字头vc-圣文森特岛(saint vincent) ve-委内瑞拉(venezuela)vn-越南(viet nam)y 字头ye-也门(yemen)yu-南斯拉夫联盟(yugoslavia) z 字头za-南非(south africa)zm-赞比亚(zambia)zr-扎伊尔(zaire)。

波兰介绍英语演讲稿Poland, a country located in Central Europe, is a land of rich history, vibrant culture, and breathtaking natural beauty. Today, I am going to introduce Poland to you in English.First of all, let's talk about the geography of Poland. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and Lithuania and Russia to the northeast. The country has a diverse landscape, with the Carpathian and Sudeten Mountains in the south and the Baltic Sea in the north. The Tatra Mountains, which are part of the Carpathians, are a popular destination for hikers and skiers, while the Baltic coast is known for its sandy beaches and seaside resorts.Moving on to the history of Poland, it has a long and complex past. The country has been inhabited since ancient times and has been shaped by various influences, including those of the Celts, Romans, and Slavic tribes. In the Middle Ages, Poland emerged as a powerful kingdom and later formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most populous countries in 16th-century Europe. However, the country faced numerous partitions and invasions in the 18th and 19th centuries, leading to its disappearance from the map of Europe for over a century. It was not until the end of World War I that Poland regained its independence and became a sovereign nation once again.In terms of culture, Poland has a rich and diverse heritage. The country is known for its traditional folk music, dance, and art, as well as its contributions to classical music, literature, and cinema. Polish cuisine is also famous for its hearty and flavorful dishes, such as pierogi (dumplings), kielbasa (sausage), and bigos (hunter's stew). Additionally, Poland is home to many UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the historic centers of Krakow and Warsaw, the medieval castle of Malbork, and the ancient beech forests of the Carpathians.Finally, let's talk about the people of Poland. Poles are known for their warmth, hospitality, and strong sense of national identity. Family and community are central to Polish life, and traditional values such as respect for elders and hospitality to guests arehighly valued. The country is also known for its religious diversity, with Roman Catholicism being the predominant faith, but with significant Jewish, Protestant, and Orthodox Christian communities as well.In conclusion, Poland is a country with a rich and diverse cultural heritage, a fascinating history, and a beautiful natural landscape. Whether you are interested in history, art, music, or outdoor activities, Poland has something to offer for everyone. I hope that this brief introduction has piqued your interest in this remarkable country. Thank you for listening.。

I. IntroductionPoland, as one of the fastest-growing economies in Europe, presents a promising market for businesses. This marketing plan aims to provide a comprehensive strategy for entering and expanding in the Polish market, focusing on product launch, market segmentation, promotional activities, and distribution channels.II. Market OverviewA. Economic OverviewPoland has a stable economy with a GDP growth rate of 3-4% annually. The country's consumer spending has been on the rise, and the middle classis expanding rapidly. This growth has led to increased demand forquality products and services.B. Cultural OverviewPolish consumers are known for their high level of brand loyalty and preference for quality over price. They value innovation, functionality, and reliability. Additionally, Poland is a linguistically diverse country, with the majority of the population speaking Polish.III. Market SegmentationA. Demographic Segmentation1. Age: Focus on the young and middle-aged population, as they are more likely to adopt new products and services.2. Income: Target consumers with an annual income of at least PLN 50,000, as they have a higher purchasing power.3. Gender: Consider both male and female consumers, as their preferences may vary in certain product categories.4. Occupation: Target professionals, managers, and entrepreneurs, asthey are more likely to invest in high-quality products and services.B. Psychographic Segmentation1. Lifestyle: Target consumers who value innovation, functionality, and reliability.2. Values: Focus on consumers who prioritize quality over price and are brand loyal.3. Opinions: Consider consumers who are open to new products and services and are willing to try them.IV. Product LaunchA. Product Development1. Customize the product to meet the needs and preferences of the Polish market.2. Ensure the product is of high quality, meets safety standards, and is competitively priced.3. Conduct market research to identify potential product improvements.B. Distribution Channels1. Establish partnerships with local distributors and retailers.2. Explore online distribution channels, such as e-commerce platforms and social media.3. Set up a direct sales force to reach customers in remote areas.C. Promotional Activities1. Launch a comprehensive marketing campaign, including advertising, public relations, and social media.2. Offer incentives for early adopters, such as discounts or loyalty programs.3. Participate in trade shows and industry events to raise brand awareness.V. Pricing StrategyA. Competitive Pricing1. Conduct a thorough analysis of competitors' pricing strategies.2. Set a competitive price that reflects the product's quality and value.3. Offer various pricing options, such as bulk discounts or seasonal promotions.B. Value-Based Pricing1. Focus on the product's unique features and benefits.2. Position the product as a premium offering with a higher price point.3. Offer additional value, such as after-sales service or customer support.VI. ConclusionEntering and expanding in the Polish market requires a well-thought-out marketing strategy. By focusing on market segmentation, product development, distribution channels, promotional activities, and pricing strategy, businesses can successfully capture the growing Polish market. With the right approach, companies can achieve sustainable growth and establish a strong presence in Poland.。

波兰的政治英语介绍作文英文：Poland is a country located in Central Europe, and it has a rich and complex political history. The political system of Poland is a parliamentary representative democratic republic, with the President as the head of state and the Prime Minister as the head of government. The President is elected by the people for a five-year term, while the Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is usually the leader of the majority party in the Sejm, which is the lower house of the Polish Parliament.The political landscape in Poland is characterized by a multi-party system, with several political parties competing for power and influence. The two main political parties in Poland are the Law and Justice Party (PiS) and the Civic Platform (PO). These two parties have been the dominant forces in Polish politics in recent years, and they have different ideologies and policy agendas.For example, the Law and Justice Party is a right-wing conservative party that emphasizes traditional values, national sovereignty, and social conservatism. On the other hand, the Civic Platform is a centrist party that focuseson liberal economic policies, European integration, and social progressivism. These two parties often clash on important issues, such as immigration, social welfare, and relations with the European Union.中文：波兰是一个位于中欧的国家，拥有丰富而复杂的政治历史。