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2019年高考英语二轮复习第一板块阅读理解之题型篇一第1讲【细节理解题】专题一阅读理解[全国卷3年考情分析]题型与题量卷别细节理解题推理判断题主旨大意题词义猜测题考情分析从统计表可以看出，高考英语阅读理解的题型设置以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，兼顾主旨大意题和词义猜测题。
细节理解题相对简单，而其他三种题型相对较难。
在近两年的考查趋向上，细节理解题的答案更加隐蔽，叙述含蓄，直接信息题会越来越少，取而代之的将是事实细节题加入许多推理、判断、归纳等元素；推理判断题的难度会适当加大。
本专题将对这四种题型进行递进式的指导。
2018卷Ⅰ7521卷Ⅱ9321卷Ⅲ93212017卷Ⅰ7611卷Ⅱ5622卷Ⅲ66212016卷Ⅰ10311卷Ⅱ7512卷Ⅲ8412第一讲细节理解题——定位信息巧比对细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出正确答案。
因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。
但有些细节理解题由于命题人故意设置障碍，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、否定等，因此有些题目需要仔细地思考、对比、计算、对上下文关键信息把握和分析。
尽管细节理解题相对简单，但不可掉以轻心。
细节理解题常见的考查题型有：直接信息题、间接信息题、概括细节理解题和正误判断题。
一、题型特点要知晓(一)细节理解题常见设问方式1．特殊疑问句形式。
以when,where,what,which,who,how much/many等疑问词引出的问题。
2．判断是非形式。
含有TRUE/FALSE,NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。
此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not,never等。
3．以“According to...”开头的提问形式。
4．填空形式。
如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from________.(二)细节理解题正确选项特征同义替换指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。
第3讲主旨大意类题型概述题型破解1 寻找主题句确定文章大意解题指导文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。
一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。
考生速读文首文尾、段首段尾，搜索主题线索及信息便可快速找到主题句，以下为找到主题句的5个小窍门：1.段落中出现表转折的词语(however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子通常为主题句；2.首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回答很可能就是主题句；3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)；4.首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句；5.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, in short, conclude, conclusion, thus等词。
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ·C篇)Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e－book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local video－grapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first－name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for self－reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.31．What is the text mainly about?A．The trend of having meals alone.B．The importance of self－reflection.C．The stress from working overtime.D．The advantage of wireless technology.解析 A 第一段最后一句，第五段第一句分别是第一段和第五段的主题句，结合全文尤其是第二段的描述及其中反复出现的关键词“eaten alone”，“have breakfast alone”“have lunch by themselves”(一般与主旨相关)，由此可知，本文主要说了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势，故答案为A。
高三英语二轮复习策略依据讲课实践可知，高考前的几个月是学生英语水平提高最快的阶段。
由于经过一轮的复习和累积，学生已比较扎实地掌握了课本的基础知识，因此在最后的几个月里能否抓住机遇，成功实现从语言知识到应用能力的转变，提高应试能力，将直接决定高考英语的成败。
要使复习效益达到最大值，必然讲究复习策略，我个人以为应抓好以下方面。
一在思想和认识方面步入二轮复习，已到了决斗高考的冲刺期。
可是有的学生英语却出现学习和复习效率阻滞不前，对学过的知识感觉模糊，成绩忽高忽低或难有较大提高，有的老师称这为“高原现象”。
针对这些学生要帮助他们拟订相应的应付策略，多个别发言，激励他们要充满自信和毅力，赶快打破高原期，迎接“峰回路转”的到来。
还有一部分学生则抱着破罐破摔的想法，对英语失掉了信心。
对他们我们应采纳合时激励的方法，帮助学生成立自信和毅力。
我们要运用讲堂、作业考语、降低要求、感情沟通等各种渠道进行激励。
让他们不时辰刻感觉到：老师对我还抱有希望，我不可以放弃。
在讲堂上教师要实时认识学情，从整体到个体都要有所关注。
二、在知识和能力方面在这一阶段，我们的复习计划主要环绕一条主线、两条辅线张开。
阶段先期的“一条主线”是大批的专题训练。
“两条辅线”是基础知识的加强和仿真模拟训练：阶段后期的“一条主线”是大批的仿真模拟训练。
“两条辅线”是语法复习和基础知识的加强。
环绕这条线．我们详细要指导学生做到：1．打破基础词汇关，培育词汇活用能力。
词汇是英语学习中最基本的元素，是学好英语的基础。
因此，在英语复习过程中，我们对单词的记忆和学习要向来常抓不懈。
在第一轮基础知识复习时，我们依据课本单元模块加强单词默写和学习；而在第二轮复习中，指导学生科学地记忆单词还是重中之重。
我们要修业生依据《考试纲领》中的词汇表，坚持每日复习单词．在两个月内最少进行两轮记忆．并重申复习记忆实词 (即动词、名词、形容词和副词 )及其用法。
巧妇难为无米之炊 ,词汇量的大小直接影响到做题质量的高低 ,对文章的理解程度以及做题速度的快慢。
2024年高考英语第二轮复习备考建议及策略一、词汇和语法重点复习在第二轮复习中，词汇和语法是重点复习内容。
学生需要系统地梳理和掌握高考英语科目的基本词汇和语法知识，包括词汇的含义、用法、辨析等，以及语法的规则、时态、语态等方面。
建议学生制定详细的词汇和语法复习计划，通过练习、做题、阅读等方式不断巩固和提高。
二、阅读理解技巧提升阅读理解是高考英语的重要部分，也是学生容易失分的环节。
在第二轮复习中，学生需要注重阅读理解技巧的提升。
建议学生多阅读各种类型的英文文章，包括新闻报道、小说、科普文章等，提高阅读速度和理解能力。
同时，还要学会利用上下文、关键词、段落大意等技巧来推断生词含义，理解文章主旨。
三、写作技能强化训练写作是高考英语中的重要题型，也是学生容易失分的地方。
在第二轮复习中，学生需要加强写作技能的训练。
建议学生多写各种类型的英语作文，包括记叙文、议论文、说明文等，并注重语言的准确性和表达的流畅性。
同时，还要学习作文的写作技巧，包括开头结尾、段落布局、语言表达等方面。
四、听力练习加强听力是高考英语中的重要题型，也是学生需要特别注意的部分。
在第二轮复习中，学生需要加强听力练习。
建议学生多听各种类型的英语听力材料，包括新闻、电影、电视剧等，提高听力的敏感度和理解能力。
同时，还要学习听力的技巧和方法，包括预测答案、筛选无关信息等。
五、模拟考试与真题分析模拟考试和真题分析是第二轮复习的重要环节。
通过模拟考试和真题演练，学生可以了解自己的备考情况和水平，找到自己的不足之处，并有针对性地进行查漏补缺。
同时，也可以熟悉高考的题型和难度，提高应试能力。
建议学生在模拟考试后认真进行试卷分析，总结自己的错题和失分点，加强相关的训练和巩固。
六、错题集整理与反思错题集整理是第二轮复习的重要方法之一。
学生可以将自己在练习和模拟考试中做错的题目整理成册，并定期进行复习和反思。
这样可以更好地发现自己的薄弱环节和易错点，加强相关的训练和巩固。
手惰市安逸阳光实验学校推理判断题真题题组A(2017·全国Ⅲ，B)Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater，employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75－year history. This time，however，the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with teary－eyed audience wanting to say good－bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location(位置) was also a reason. “This used t o be the center of town，”he said. “ Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses. ”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However，these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm，which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.The theater audience said good－bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.文章大意：本文讲述的是拥有75年历史的广场剧院在放映完最后一部电影后即将关闭以及市民对它的不舍之情。
专题一阅读理解[全国卷3年考情分析]题型与题量卷别细微环节理解题推理推断题主旨大意题词义揣测题考情分析从统计表可以看出，高考英语阅读理解的题型设置以细微环节理解题和推理推断题为主，兼顾主旨大意题和词义揣测题。
细微环节理解题相对简洁，而其他三种题型相对较难。
在近两年的考查趋向上，细微环节理解题的答案更加隐藏，叙述含蓄，干脆信息题会越来越少，取而代之的将是事实细微环节题加入很多推理、推断、归纳等元素；推理推断题的难度会适当加大。
本专题将对这四种题型进行递进式的指导。
2024 卷Ⅰ7 5 2 1 卷Ⅱ9 3 2 1 卷Ⅲ9 3 2 12024 卷Ⅰ7 6 1 1 卷Ⅱ 5 6 2 2 卷Ⅲ 6 6 2 12024 卷Ⅰ10 3 1 1卷Ⅱ7 5 1 2卷Ⅲ8 4 1 2第一讲细微环节理解题——定位信息巧比对细微环节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简洁，只须要依据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出正确答案。
因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。
但有些细微环节理解题由于命题人有意设置障碍，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、否定等，因此有些题目须要细致地思索、对比、计算、对上下文关键信息把握和分析。
尽管细微环节理解题相对简洁，但不行掉以轻心。
细微环节理解题常见的考查题型有：干脆信息题、间接信息题、概括细微环节理解题和正误推断题。
一、题型特点要知晓(一)细微环节理解题常见设问方式1．特别疑问句形式。
以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词引出的问题。
2．推断是非形式。
含有TRUE/FALSE, NOT true或EXCEPT等的推断是非的问题。
此时要留意题干中是否含有否定词，如not, never等。
3．以“According to ...”开头的提问形式。
说理议论+社会文化+应用广告+逸闻趣事A(2017·四川乐山调研)When people around you agree with you，it improves your confidence and allows you to relax and feel comfortable.Unfortunately，that comfort usually keeps you away from achieving more success in your career，especially when you are in a leader position.So it feels nice to have people agree，but you need some regular conflicts，that is to say，to have people raise different views so that you can dig out the deeper truth and avoid suffering from being too much on just one side.So do you often share your opinions on most subjects with people around you and encourage them to debate？If yes，set it as a tradition in your company or department.At first，it seems a challenge to create an environment where people are in free atmosphere to disagree and argue，but remember：from sharp conflicts come sound judgments，and from sound judgments come right decisions.That’s because most of the time you have to collect different opinions from different angles to help yourself identify your blind spots before you form the real brilliant ideas.However，effective debates do not require angry quarrels and embarrassments.So you need to set some ground rules so everyone understands responsibilities，boundaries and rewards.Rule No.1：The goal of debating is not to win over others but to get to the truth that will allow you and your staff to move faster and better.Rule No.2：Fierce debating with strong emotion hurts feelings and does harm to teamwork.So repeatedly remind your staff，best with smiles and humors，that this is friendly opinion sharing time for a common goal instead of a battle between two enemies trying with full efforts to beat the other one down to earth.Rule No.3：All those involved in the debates shall get rewards when the goals are reached，thus they know how much you appreciate their contributions.The more they feel appreciated，the more they’ll be willing to contribute their talents with full heart in the future.1．What happens when your staff all agree with you?A．It may improve your work effectively.B．It creates harmonious working atmosphere.C．You are likely to make more right decisions.D．You may have problems in career advancing.答案 D解析细节理解题。
模式 3|推理判断题隐含信息、话中有话作者的看法、看法文章出处、读者对象展望后文经过归纳、演绎、类经过对事件、光景、经过对格式、结构、经过理解上文情节、比等方式从已知信息内容的剖析，推出文事理的表达，联合行话语的深入剖析推出中推出未知信息，由章的出处、题材范围文逻辑剖析，推出文作者委宛、隐晦地表已言之意，推未言之和阅读此文章的主要章后文要表达的内达出的看法或看法。
意。
读者群。
容。
1.推理判断要切合逻辑，在文中要有事实依据。
2．学会 read between the lines和read beyond the lines，透解过字里行间，去推测隐含意义。
题3．利用归纳法、演绎法、类比法对文中的论据进行剖析，从而推出技论点和结论。
巧4．整合信息，由因推果，由果推因；由一般推特别，由特别推一般；由详尽推抽象，由抽象推详尽。
( 2014·江苏高考·B节选 )However wealthy we may be，we can never find enough hours in the day to doeverything we want.Economics deals with this problem through the concept opportunity cost ，which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could better spent on something else.Every hour of our time has a value.For every hour we work at one job we couldquite easily be doing another，or be sleeping or watching a film.Each of these options has a different opportunity cost — namely of be，whattheycostusinmissedopportunities.Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and itwill take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium.Why notreason ， watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to with friends？This—the alternative use of your cash and time —is the cost.， you might have dinner opportunityFor economists， every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgowhat — in terms of money and enjoyment — in order to take it up.By knowing precisely you arereceiving and what you are missing out on ，you ought to be able to make better －informed ， more reasonable decisions.Consider that most famous economicrule of all ： there's no such thing as a free lunch.Even if someone offers to takeyou out to lunch for free ， the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs yousomething in terms of forgone opportunities. 60． What are forgone opportunities?A． Opportunities you forget in decisionmaking.B． Opportunities you give up for better ones.C． Opportunities you miss accidentally.D． Opportunities you make up for.60. B [ 推理判断题。
2主旨大意题讲练下来介绍了电子垃圾的危害及来源。
从第五段到最后一段一直在分析电子垃圾的处理措施及责任归属，特别是由最后一段的内容可知应选D项。
A、C两项只是对首段的概括，内涵太小；B项是对第四段的概括。
][典例2] (xx·江苏高考·C节选)Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour：we move closer to people we like.Most negativeemotions，in contrast，are associated with avoidance behaviour：we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious.But anger is an exception to this pattern.The angrier we are，the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger.This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger：the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.This approach－and－confront behaviour is acpanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry(不对称) of EEG activity.Interestingly，this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感)towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response.In defensive anger，in contrast，the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger－inspiring situation.64．What is the key message of the last paragraph?A．How anger differs from other emotions.B．How anger relates to other emotions.C．Behavioural responses to anger.D．Behavioural patterns of anger.64.D[主旨大意题之段落大意。
专题三阅读理解模式1| 细节理解题[典例1] (2016·江苏高考·B)Chimps (黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct (本能) to help one another.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children，who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laboratory，chimps don't naturally share food either.If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no greater effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage，he will pull at random—he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish.Human children，on the other hand，are naturally cooperative.From the earliest ages，they desire to help others，to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children.He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded.A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive (认知的) skills，at least when compared with chimps.In tests conducted by Tomasello，the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what children's minds have and chimps' don't is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking.But beyond that，even very young children want to be part of a sharedpurpose.They actively seek to be part of a “we”，a group that intends to work towarda shared goal.58. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?A．Chimps seldom care about others' interests.B．Chimps tend to provide food for their children.C．Chimps like to take in their neighbors' food.D．Chimps naturally share food with each other.59．Michael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that they ________．A．have the instinct to help othersB．know how to offer help to adultsC．know the world better than chimpsD．trust adults with their hands full, 本文是一篇说明文。
介绍了黑猩猩与人类的区别——人类从小具有合作、分享、参与意识，而黑猩猩除了在某些方面偶尔有合作外，在其他方面都是各顾各的，非常自私。
58．A[细节理解题。
根据第二段中的．..he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish.可知，黑猩猩很自私，这和A项说的“黑猩猩很少关心其他黑猩猩的利益”一致。
根据第一段中的Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children...可知，甚至黑猩猩妈妈常拒绝与它们的孩子分享食物，故排除B项；由第二段中的he will pull at random可知，黑猩猩会随意吃别的黑猩猩盘子里的食物，这和C项的“黑猩猩喜欢吃它们的邻居的食物”相悖；根据第一段中的．..they have little instinct to help one another...seek food for themselves.Even...decline to share...可知，它们不愿意分享食物，排除D项。
] 59．A[细节理解题。
由第三段的From the earliest ages，they desire to help others...可知，孩子很小的时候就知道帮助他人，这和A项意思一致。
B项说的how在文章中没有提到，文章只是讲孩子会帮助别人；第四段最后一句提到but were considerably better at understanding the social world，而C选项说world，少了social，故犯了范围过大的错误；D项错在trust，文章没有提到。
][典例2](2015·江苏高考·C)Suppose you become a leader in an organization.It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities.To do so，it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer.Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.For example，people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness，to expand theirrange of experiences，and to strengthen social relationships.If volunteer positions do not meet these needs，people may not wish to participate.To select volunteers，you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so.To increase levels of community service，some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.Unfortunately，these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g.，“I volunteer because it's important to me”) to an external factor (e.g.，“I volunteer because I'm required to do so”)．When that happens，people become less likely to volunteer in the future.People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.Once people begin to volunteer，what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question，researchers have conducted follow－up studies in which they track volunteers over time.For instance，one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year.One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.Although this result may not surprise you，it leads to important practical advice.The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”．Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role.It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.”Consistent with the researchers' expectations，they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer.These results，once again，lead to concrete advice：“Once an individual begins volunteering，continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity...Items like T－shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity.”62．What can we learn from the Florida study?A．Follow－up studies should last for one year.B．Volunteers should get mentally prepared.C．Strategy training is a must in research.D．Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.63．What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?A．Individual differences in role identity.B．Publicly identifiable volunteer T－shirts.C．Role identity as a volunteer.D．Practical advice from researchers.62.B[细节理解题。
