杨浦区 2016 学年度第二学期高三模拟测试英语学科试卷2017.5第 I 卷（共 100 分）II.Grammar and VocabularySection AIn CCTV’s annual consumer-protection show earlier this month, the international sportswear giant Nike was accused of false advertising. Commercials (21)________ (promote) the ―Hyperdunk‖ basketball shoes claimed the product is equipped with high-tech air cushions. The CCTV program, however, revealed that the product didn’t come with the feature. Consumers were apparently misled.This is, in fact, not the first time Nike (22)________ (catch) cheating Chinese consumers. Back in 2011, consumers complained that that year’s ―Hyperdunk‖ sneakers didn’t have the (23)________ (advertise) air cushions in them, either. Such wrongdoings might not mark the end of Nike (24)________ a respectable and reliable brand among loyal shoppers, but Nike needs to realize that (25)________ one day consumers’ trust in it vanishes（消失）, so will its sales. By then, it will be impossible for the brand to restore its reputation.China is an i mportant base for Nike (26)________ it accounts for about ten percent of the company’s market. Over the past three decades, numerous NBA greats, from Michael Jordan to LeBron James, have been shown wearing Nike’s gear, proving its quality.Placing mislead ing advertisements once again has dampened some consumers’ trust in Nike. Fortunately, Nike issued a timely apology last week, offering a 4500-yuan refund, (27)________ is three times the cost of the shoes. These gestures show that the company has somewhat realized its mistake and wants to re-establish consumers’ trust in it.Sportswear companies often push the truth of their products by having famous athletes wearing them. If Usain Bolt is seen in a commercial (28)________ (dash) with Nike, it might be implied that the shoes (29)________ enable you to run faster. However, there are limits to (30)________ can be said to promote a product. With lying comes distrust, and with distrust comes collapse. That’s why Nike, and any other company, needs to be more careful with advertising in the future.Section BA. changingB. availableC. exposureD. worsenE. sensitiveF. densityG. rest H. shaded I. reflections J. interrupted K. fightingAre your eyes dry, watery, seeing double or __31__ to light, and do your back and neck ache? If so, you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain（视疲劳）, also called computer-vision syndrome.Eyestrain is often related to the amount of __32__ to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens at the same time. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices reaches further into the eyes than other kinds of light. This light actually assists attention during the day but can result in __33__ sleep patterns at night.Scientists have stated that eyestrain is not a necessary evil, even in a modern world that circles around technology. Sometimes __34__ some simple details about your relative position to screens, such as staying1about 60 centimeters away, will help. Also, avoid overhead and other direct sources of light, and use __35__ lamps and window blinds while looking at digital devices instead.Beyond the ways that you relate to digital screens, there are also ways to change how you view screens that are helpful in __36__ eyestrain. To begin with, your computer screen should be high-resolution（高分辨率）, and may require a screen filter to decrease __37__. Also, be aware that ―computer glasses,‖ which cut down glare（刺眼的光）and blue light, are __38__ on the market.Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens that only __39__ the effects of eyestrain. When viewing digital screens, many people blink（眨眼）one third less often than they usually do. Place a reminder on your computer to ―blink!‖ so that your eyes don’t dry out. Also, __40__ your eyes’ focusing muscles by using the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, focus on something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.There are many other methods used to help relieve eyestrain, so find what works for you rather than giving in to tired vision.III.Reading ComprehensionSection AUniversity educators largely think highly of the wonders of teaching through technology. However, critics __41__ whether something is lost when professors and lectures rely too heavily on electronicmedia or when __42__ with students takes place remotely — in cyberspace（网络空间）__43__ the real space of the classroom. Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, the Professor of Literature at Stanford University, is one such cri tic. ―I think this enthusiastic and sometimes childish and __44__ pushing toward the more technology the better, the more websites the better teacher, is very dangerous —is indeed __45__,‖ he indicates.However, Gumbrecht warns that there are few studies either supporting or rejecting the hypothesis(假设) that traditional ways of teaching are __46__ to teaching via the Internet. He says that he could point only to his ―feeling that real classroom presence should be __47__‖, and emphasizes the need for educator to examine critically where technology __48__ a useful teaching function and where it does not.Yet, Gumbrecht allows that, for courses in which knowledge transmission is the only purpose, electronic media probably can do the job well enough. Indeed, as a resultof 20th century’s knowledge __49__ and the increasing costs of higher education, using technology for the transmission of information is probably __50__, he admits. However, knowledge transmission should not bethe most important function of the university, he maintains, __51__ that universities should be places where people face open questions, places for ―intellectual complexity‖ and ―riskful thinking‖.―We are not about finding or transmitting solutions; we are not about recipes; we are no t about making intellectual life easy. Challenging complexity is what __52__ your mind. It is something like intellectual gymnastics. And this is what makes you a suitable member of the society.‖ Moreover, discussions in the physical presence of others can lead to the intellectual __53__. ―There’s a(an) __54__ change, and you don’t know how it happens. Discussions in the physical presence have the capacity of being the catalyst (催化剂) for such intellectual breakthroughs. The possibility of in-classroom teaching — of letting something happen which cannot happen if you teach by the transmission of information —is its __55__.‖41. A. deny B. question C. object D. comment42. A. combination B. cooperation C. presentation D. interaction43. A. more than B. less than C. rather than D. other than44. A. blind B. tough C. passive D. rough45. A. impersonal B. disastrous C. illogical D. immoral46. A. superior B. related C. opposed D. equal247. A. approved B. reformed C. maintained D. removed48. A. serves B. conveys C. delivers D. identifies49. A. evaluation B. evolution C. emission D. explosion50. A. affordable B. flexible C. inevitable D. predictable51. A. confirming B. urging C. complaining D. noting52. A. expands B. limits C. comforts D. awakes53. A. decline B. innovation C. consequence D. formation54. A. qualitative B. irregular C. protective D. minor55. A. criticism B. strength C. demonstration D. involvementSection B(A)Talking to human-like devices can be great fun—just ask Siri to tell you a joke. But it may also leadto problems.A recent study by scientists from the University of Kansas in the US found that human-like devices keep people from seeking out normal human interaction when they feel lonely.During a series of experiments, participants were asked to write about a time when they felt lonely. They also took part in an online game of ―catch‖ against a computer program that was designed to ―throw‖ the ball to other players more often, but participants believed they were playing with real people online.Participants were then introduced to human-like products, including a vacuum cleaner（真空吸尘器）designed to appear as if it were smiling. They were also asked to think about their phone in human-like terms, considering qu estions like ―how much does it help you?‖The results showed that the participants were happy with the comfort they got from the machines and didn’t need to seek out normal human interaction.Generally, when people feel socially excluded, they seek out other ways to reduce the feeling of loneliness. Normal ways include increasing their number of social media friends or engaging in behaviors to seek out interaction with other people, according to Jenny Olson, assistant professor of marketing at KU.But it wasn’t all bad news, as the team found that there were limits to how far this effectwould extend.―As soon as we tell people we know that it looks like the vacuum cleaner is smiling, they seemedto realize it was a machine and not a person,‖ Olson told Daily Mail. ―The effect goes away. This seemsto be happening on a very subconscious level.‖Researchers believe the results are important for consumers to realize how these types of products could affect their social interaction with real people, especially because so many new products feature interactivity.―If someone notices they are talking more to Siri lately, maybe that has something to dowith feeling lonely,‖ Olson said. ―From that standpoint, it’s important to be aware of it.‖The study could also help companies design products that can increase the well-being of people who feel lonely, without sacrificing normal social interaction.―Maybe it is more about improving our current relationships,‖ Olson said, ―such as taking abreak from screen tim e and focusing on developing your real personal connections.‖56.Researchers from the University of Kansas found that ________.A.human-like devices may help people interact with othersB.interactions with human-like devices may make people feel lonelyC.lonely people may easily become addicted to human-like devicesD.human-like devices may reduce people’s social interaction in real life357. During the experiments, participants ________.A. were allowed to talk with human-like devicesB. were shown devices with human featuresC. played online games with both machines and real peopleD. were encouraged to engage in normal human interaction58. The underlined phrase ―this effect‖ in Paragraph 7 refers to the fact that ________.A. lonely people are more likely to seek out interaction with other peopleB. lonely people are content to interact with human-like machinesC. the feeling of loneliness deepens as people interact with human-like devicesD. people who are socially excluded will have difficulty in socializing59. One of the significances of the study is that it ________.A. shows people why human-like products make them feel lonelyB. warns people to abandon human-like devices completelyC. forces lonely people to get involved in normal social interactionD. helps companies realize the limitation of human-like devices(B)Hair Loss (Alopecia)Information about male pattern baldness （秃顶）causes, triggers and treatment in the UKIn contrary to popular belief, hair loss – or alopecia – can start at any age. Whilst it is associated with mature males, and statistics show it does mainly affect men above 40, the reality is you can noticesymptoms in your 30s, or even 20s and teen years. The NHS statistics state that 25% of men start losing their hair by the time they reach 30. The most common form of hair loss is male pattern baldness – also known as androgenic alopecia – that affects more than half of men around the world.One option many men seek is treatment to avoid further hair loss, especially early on in the process. With treatments, such as Propecia, that specifically target male pattern baldness, it is possible to stop hair loss completely and even encourage fresh new hair growth.“Hair loss doesn’t have to be an inevitable part of the ageing process for men, especially with the help of prescription treatments.” Dr Hilary JonesOnlineClinic Medical AdvisorWhat’s on this page?→What is alopecia? →Treating hair loss →Hair loss causes →Preventing hair loss →Hair loss symptoms→Buying treatmentDid you know? We have treated over 1,185,751 patients since opening in 2004.And this is what they think…Outstanding★★★★★1,135 patients have writtena review on FeefoAre you one of them?login to reorderPropecia✓Free delivery next working day✓Online prescription – No doctor visit★★★★★ 4.8/5(5 Reviews)1mg● The most effective hair loss treatment available●Stops further hair loss in 99% of cases● Promotes hair growth in two thirds of cases28TABLETS 84TABLETSMore Info→￡74.95￡162.95What is alopecia?Alopecia is the medical term for hair loss. Most commonly affecting males, hair loss in men is caused by an increased sensitivity to the male sex hormones (androgens). The type of alopecia you have (as well as hereditary and external factors) can influence levels of hair loss. The most common type of hair loss (alopecia) is male and female pattern baldness. Other types include:●Alopecia areata (patches of baldness, usually on the scalp)●Scarring alopecia (hair loss directly affecting the hair follicles)●Telogen effluvium (hair thinning over a larger area on the top of the head, rather than bald patches)●60. Which of the following statements is FALSE about Propecia? A. It can stop hair loss almost in all cases.B. People can buy it online without doctor visit.C. It encourages new hair growth in rare cases.D. It is especially effective on male pattern baldness.61. We can learn from the passage that alopecia is ________. A. an inevitable part of aging processB. more common among mature malesC. unnoticeable before 40 years oldD. mostly influenced by external factors62. The next part of the webpage is most likely to be about ________.A. hair loss causesB. hair loss symptomsC. preventing hair lossD. treating hair loss (C)A study, by San Diego Zoo Global conservationists, released this week (Sept. 12, 2016) is casting new light on how scientists evaluate polar bear diet and weight loss during their fasting （禁食）season. On average, a polar bear loses up to 30 percent of its total body mass （体重）while fasting during the open-water season. Although some scientists previously believed land-based foods could supplement （补充） the bears’ nutritional needs until the sea ice returns, a new study published in the scientific journal Physiological and Biochemical Zoology has revealed that access to land-based food is notreduce the rate of body mass loss for fasting polar bears.The study--undertaken by Manitoba Sustainable Development, the University of Alberta, and Environment and Climate Change Canada--weighed polar bears that were captured in the Polar Bear Holding Facility in Churchill, Manitoba, Canada from 2009 to 2014. Polar bears were kept in this facility as part of the Polar Bear Alert Program, which aims to reduce conflict between humans and polar bears around the town of Churchill. Polar bears are not fed while in the facility, which allowed for a controlled measure of their weight loss. On average, polar bears lost 2.2 pounds (1 kilogram) of mass per day--exactly the same amount as free-ranging （自由放养的）bears measured during the ice-free season on the coastline of Hudson Bay. Scientists reported that even with land-based food opportunities, polar bears lost the same amount of weight.―Some studies have suggested that polar bears could adapt to land -based foods to offset the missing cal ories during a shortened hunting period on the ice,‖ said Nicholas Pilfold, Ph. D., lead author of the study and a postdoctoral associate in Applied Animal Ecology at San Diego Zoo Global. ―Yet, our results prove otherwise this, as unfed polar bears in our study lost mass at the same rate as free-ranging bears that had access to land-based food.‖Anagen effluvium(most commonly caused by cancer treatments such as chemotherapy andradiotherapy)Researchers also estimated starvation timelines for adult males and subadults, and found that subadults were more likely to starve before their adult cou nterparts. ―Subadult polar bears have lower fat stores, and the added energy demands associated with growth,‖ said Pilfold, ―Future reductions to on-ice hunting opportunities due to sea ice loss will affect the younger polar bears first--especially given that these bears are less-experienced hunters.‖63.What is the finding of this newly-released study?A.Wild polar bears are facing the danger of starvation and extinction.nd-based food can’t meet the nutritional needs of wild polar bears.C.Wild polar bears can avoid weight loos in a properly designed facility.D.Traditional ways to measure polar bear diet and weight loos are not accurate.64.Which of the following is TRUE about the study?A.It was actually part of the Polar Bear Alert Program.B.It aimed to prevent the polar wildlife from extinction.C.It compared the weight loss between unfed and free-ranging polar bears.D.It measured the weight of polar bears during on-ice hunting seasons.65.The underlined word ―offset‖ in the fourth paragraph means ________.A. take overB. take upC. make intoD. make up for66. The reasons why subadults are more likely to suffer during open-water season include ________.① They have less fat storage.② They need more energy for growth.③ They lack hunting opportunities.④ They are slower in adapting to ice loss.A. ①②B. ③④C. ①②③D. ②③④Section CA. You are only allowed to purchase a firearm if you have had a background check and meet certain legal requirements.B. There have been many enlightening articles on gun control in America.C. If you were to visit the United States for two months the only gun you might see is in a museum oron a police officer.D. Less than fifty percent of homes in the United States own weapons, and many of those homes are in rural areas where guns may have a greater use.E. More people are deciding to legalize their gun transactions instead of buying them on the black market.F. What alarms people the most about American gun culture are the illegal guns and shooting, whichGuns have a special place in American culture, and though not everyone agrees on whether or not they are a good thing, there is no mistaking that they will be part of the cultural landscape for some time. To answer the question, no, not everyone has a gun. ___________67___________Americans use guns for one of two uses: either for sport, where they can use them on firing rangesor for hunting in approved areas, or for self-protection. The latter is where most people begin to take sides, either arguing for the removal of guns from society or allowing more people to have them. There are organizations and community groups for both sides and both sides have strong feelings.Legally, there are restrictions on gun owners. ___________68___________ Only certain kinds of weapons can be purchased by the public, and that excludes automatic weapon and military grade weaponry. Gun owners must transport their weapon in a safe way, unloaded and in most cases, out of sight. Special6―concealed carry‖ permits from the police station must be obtained for people who want to wear weapon, and most people are rejected for this kind of permit. ___________69___________ Criminals steal guns or buy them illegally to commit crimes, and the news is full of terrible stories of what happened next. Occasionally a child will get a hold of legal weapon and accidentally hurt themselves or others.It is important to remember, however, that the news stories that make the United States seem like a dangerous place are deceiving; guns are not everywhere or constant. ___________70___________ After all, America is a safe place to live.IV. Summary WritingWith the average number of children in a British family falling under an average of 2.0, comparedwith the traditional 2.4 children, the population of the UK has been falling for quite a few years.Why aren’t British people having as many children as they used to? Well, there are many reasons. One of them is that British people are now having their children at a much older age than previously, meaning they have fewer years in which they can have children. Most young people today want a well-paid job, so they often go to university after high school after years of study at university, they then need a few years of work experience before they can get the job they want. So it’s not until they are about 30 years old that they can start to think about settling down and having children.Another reason is that it is relatively expensive to bring up a child in the UK. Usually both parents need to work to pay for their home and living expenses. They need to pay someone to look after their child during the day, which is expensive.In addition, problems in the global economy often affect British families. For example, when times are tough and there is an economic downturn, it becomes difficult to find a job or keep the existing one. This kind of uncertainty discourages people from having larger families.So what is Britain doing to try and save British families? First of all, the government is trying to make it cheaper to have children. For example, there have been increases in money families can gain from the stateeach month. Also, there is an increasing amount of money for nursery schools, so that parents don’t need to pay so much for childcare. In addition, there are now laws allowing parents to take more time off work so that they can look after their children themselves rather than having to pay others to do it.第 II 卷（共 40 分）I.Translation1.他遇事不够冷静，因此不具备当飞行员的素质。
