药学分子生物学 翻译
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Introduction to PhysiologyIntroductionPhysiology is the study of the functions of living matter。
It is concerned with how an organism performs its varied activities: how it feeds, how it moves, how it adapts to changing circumstances, how it spawns new generations. The subject is vast and embraces the whole of life. The success of physiology in explaining how organisms perform their daily tasks is based on the notion that they are intricate and exquisite machines whose operation is governed by the laws of physics and chemistry.Although some processes are similar across the whole spectrum of biology—the replication of the genetic code for or example-many are specific to particular groups of organisms. For this reason it is necessary to divide the subject into various parts such as bacterial physiology, plant physiology, and animal physiology.To study how an animal works it is first necessary to know how it is built. A full appreciation of the physiology of an organism must therefore be based on a sound knowledge of its anatomy。
专业英语翻译:分子生物学词汇convalescent phase serum 恢复期血清convallamarin 铃兰苦苷convallaria cardiac glycoside 铃兰(类)强心苷convallarin 铃兰苷convective mass transfer 对流传质convective transfer 对流传递conventional mouse 常规小鼠convergence 会聚[用于神经系统];趋同convergent evolution 趋同进化convergent synthesis 汇集合成conversion (基因)转变cooked meat medium 庖肉培养基cooling 冷却cooling air 冷却空气cooling bath 冷却水浴cooling coil 冷却旋管cooling jacket 冷却套管,冷却夹套cooling system 冷却系统cooling tower 冷却塔cooling tube 冷却管cooling water 冷却水cooling water circulation 冷却水循环coomassie blue [商]考马斯蓝coomassie brilliant blue [商]考马斯亮蓝cooperation 协同(作用)cooperative 协同的cooperative effect 协同效应,合作效应cooperative feedback inhibition 协同反馈抑制cooperative site 协同部位,协同位点cooperativity 协同性coordinate 坐标coordinate axis 坐标轴coordinate bond 配位键coordinate regulation 协同调节coordination 配位(作用);协同(作用),协调(作用)coordination agent 配位剂coordination anion 配(位)阴离子coordination bond 配位键coordination catalysis 配位催化coordination cation 配(位)阳离子coordination compound 配位化合物,配合物coordination ion 配离子coordination isomerism 配位异构coordination number 配位数coordination site 配位点coordination sphere 配位层copolycondensation 共缩聚copolymer (二元)共聚物copolymerization 共聚合(反应)copper grid 铜载网copper protein 铜蛋白[共包括i,ii、iii型,i型即铜蓝蛋白] coprecipitation 共沉淀coprinin 鬼伞菌素coproporphyrin 粪卟啉coproprophyrinogen 粪卟啉原coprosterol 粪固醇,粪甾醇copurification 共纯化copy error 复制错误copy number 拷贝数cord factor 索状因子[如见于白喉杆菌]cordycepin 3'-脱氧腺苷;蛹虫草菌素。
绪论分子生物学(molecular biology):是在分子水平研究生命现象的科学,是现代生命科学的共同语言。
核心内容是通过生物的物质基础——核酸、蛋白质、酶等生物大分子的结构、功能及其相互作用等运动规律的研究来阐明生命分子基础,从而探讨生命的奥秘。
药学分子生物学(pharmaceutical molecular biology):由于分子生物学的新理论、新技术渗入到药学研究领域,从而使药物学研究以化学、药学的培养模式转化为以生命科学、药学和化学相结合的新药模式。
分子生物学的主要研究对象:核酸、蛋白质、酶等生物大分子的结构、功能及相互作用分子生物学在医药工业中的应用:1、DNA重组技术与新药研究2、药物基因组学、药物蛋白质组学与现代药物研究3、药物蛋白质组学是基因、蛋白质、疾病三者相连的桥梁科学第一章核酸的分子结构、性质和功能核酸的基本结构(重点掌握):磷酸核苷碱基戊糖引起DNA构象改变的因素:核苷酸顺序、碱基组成、盐的种类、相对湿度。
DNA双螺旋结构有利氢键不利疏水力稳定性的影响:碱基堆积力静电斥力mRNA:遗传信息真核生物的mRNA结构:5'帽子—5’非编码区—编码区— 3’非编码区—3’polyA原核生物的mRNA结构:5'非编码区—调控序列—编码区—终止子—起始调控序列—编码区—终止区—3’非编码区tRNA的二级结构:三叶草形三级结构:倒L形功能:接受氨基酸、携带氨基酸,把氨基酸转运到核糖体上,然后按照mRNA上的密码顺序装配成多肽或蛋白质。
rRNA:组成核蛋白体核酸分子杂交的原理:复性(变性的DNA重新恢复成双链的过程称为复性也叫做退火。
)反义RNA的作用机制(掌握):Ⅰ类反义RNA:直接作用于靶mRNA的S D序列和(或)部分编码区,直接抑制翻译,或与靶mRNA结合形成双链RNA,从而易被RNA酶Ⅲ降解;Ⅱ类反义RNA:与mRNA的非编码区结合,引起mRNA构象变化,抑制翻译;Ⅲ类反义RNA:则直接抑制靶mRNA的转录。
药学分子生物学名词解释:1.基因(Gene):DNA分子中含有特定遗传信息的核苷酸序列,是合成有功能蛋白质或RNA所必需的全部DNA序列(除部分病毒RNA),即一个基因不仅包括编码蛋白质或RNA 的核苷酸序列,还包括为保证转录所必需的调控序列。
2.结构基因:可被转录形成mRNA,并转译成多肽链,构成各种结构蛋白质,催化各种生化反应的酶和激素等。
3.调节基因:某些可调节控制结构基因表达的基因。
其突变可影响一个或多个结构基因的功能,或导致一个或多个蛋白质(或酶)量的改变。
4.跳跃基因(jumping gene):指可在DNA分子间进行转移的DNA片段。
也称为转座遗传因子,转座元件或转座基因。
5.重复基因:指在同一个基因组中存在2个或者2个以上拷贝的基因,一般来源于基因组内的不等交换、反转录插入及大规模的染色体片段重复等。
6.重叠基因(overlapping gene):是指两个或两个以上的基因共有一段DNA序列;也即同一DNA序列可以得到不同的mRNA,从而编码多种具有部分重叠序列的蛋白质的基因。
7.断裂基因(splite gene):指基因的编码序列在DNA分子上是不连续排列的,而是被不编码的序列所隔开。
8.外显子(exon):真核生物的结构基因序列中含有编码序列,它们在转录后被保留下来作为蛋白质分子的合成信息,参与蛋白质的合成,这些参与编码的序列称为外显子,与成熟的mRNA分子序列对应的序列。
9.内含子(intron):非编码序列也能够转录成RNA,但在mRNA成熟过程中被剪切掉,这些非编码序列称为内含子。
10.顺式作用元件(cis-acting elements):一个基因的调控区与其结构基因位于同一个DNA分子中的相邻部位,这种调节方式为顺式调节,相应的DNA序列称之为顺式作用元件,如启动子,增强子,沉默子,终止子。
11.反式作用因子(trans-acting factor):顺式作用元件需要直接或间接结合相应的酶或蛋白质因子才能发挥对基因表达的调节作用,这些酶或者蛋白质因子称为反式作用元件。
药理学专业词汇英语English:Pharmacology is a branch of medicine and biology that is concerned with the study of drug action. It involves examining the interactions of chemical substances with living systems, with a focus on understanding the properties and effects of drugs. Pharmacology involves not only how drugs interact with the body, but also how the body interacts with drugs. This field encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, and pathology. Pharmacologists study the pharmacokinetics (what the body does to a drug) and pharmacodynamics (what a drug does to the body) of drugs, as well as their therapeutic and toxic effects. The goal of pharmacology is to understand how drugs work in order to develop new and safer medications, as well as to optimize the use of existing drugs.中文翻译:药理学是医学和生物学的一个分支,关注药物作用的研究。
A band A带A chromosome A染⾊体[⼆倍体染⾊体组中的正常染⾊体(不同于B染⾊体)] A site [核糖体]A部位ABA 脱落酸abasic site 脱碱基位点,⽆碱基位点abaxial 远轴的abequose 阿⽐可糖,beta脱氧岩藻糖aberrant splicing 异常剪接aberration 象差;畸变;失常abiogenesis ⾃然发⽣论,⽆⽣源论ablastin 抑殖素(抑制微⽣物细胞分裂或⽣殖的⼀种抗体)abnormal distrbution ⾮正态分布abnormality 异常,失常;畸形,畸变ABO blood group system ABO⾎型系统aboriginal mouse 原⽣⿏abortin 流产素abortion 流产,败育abortive egg 败育卵abortive infection 流产(性)感染abortive transduction 流产(性)转导ABP 肌动蛋⽩结合蛋⽩abrin 相思⾖毒蛋⽩abscisic acid 脱落酸abscission 脱落absolute 绝对的absolute configuration 绝对构型absolute counting 绝对测量absolute deviation 绝对偏差absolute error 绝对误差absorbance 吸收,吸光度absorbed dose 吸收剂量absorbent 吸收剂absorptiometer 吸光计absorptiometry 吸光测定法absorption 吸收absorption band 吸收谱带absorption cell 吸收池absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption spectroscopy 吸收光谱法absorption spectrum 吸收光谱;吸收谱absorptive endocytosis 吸收(型)胞吞(作⽤)absorptive pinocytosis 吸收(型)胞饮(作⽤)absorptivity 吸光系数;吸收性abundance 丰度abundant 丰富的,⾼丰度的abundant mRNAs ⾼丰度mRNAabzyme 抗体酶acaricidin 杀螨剂accedent variation 偶然变异accelerated flow method 加速流动法accepting arm [tRNA的]接纳臂acceptor 接纳体,(接)受体acceptor site 接纳位点,接受位点acceptor splicing site 剪接受体acceptor stem [tRNA的]接纳茎accessible 可及的accessible promoter 可及启动⼦accessible surface 可及表⾯accessory 零件,附件;辅助的accessory cell 佐细胞accessory chromosome 副染⾊体accessory factor 辅助因⼦accessory nucleus 副核accessory pigment 辅助⾊素accessory protein 辅助蛋⽩(质)accommodation 顺应accumulation 积累,累积accuracy 准确度acenaphthene ⼆氢苊acene 并苯acentric ⽆着丝粒的acentric fragment ⽆着丝粒断⽚acentric ring ⽆着丝粒环acetal 缩醛acetaldehyde ⼄醛acetalresin 缩醛树脂acetamidase ⼄酰胺酶acetamide ⼄酰胺acetate ⼄酸盐acetic acid ⼄酸,醋酸acetic acid bacteria ⼄酸菌,醋酸菌acetic anhydride ⼄酸酐acetification ⼄酸化作⽤,醋化作⽤acetin ⼄酸⽢油酯,三⼄酰⽢油酯acetoacetic acid ⼄酰⼄酸Acetobacter 醋杆菌属acetogen 产⼄酸菌acetogenic bacteria 产⼄酸菌acetome body 酮体acetome powder 丙酮制粉[在-30度以下加丙酮制成的蛋⽩质匀浆物] acetomitrile ⼄腈acetone 丙酮acetyl ⼄酰基acetyl coenzyme A ⼄酰辅酶Aacetylcholine ⼄酰胆碱acetylcholine agonist ⼄酰胆碱拮抗剂acetylcholine receptor ⼄酰胆碱受体acetylcholinesterase ⼄酰胆碱酯酶acetylene ⼄炔acetylene reduction test ⼄炔还原试验[检查⽣物体的固氮能⼒] acetylglucosaminidase ⼄酰葡糖胺糖苷酶acetylglutamate synthetase ⼄酰⾕氨酸合成酶acetylsalicylate ⼄酰⽔杨酸;⼄酰⽔杨酸盐、酯、根acetylsalicylic acid ⼄酰⽔杨酸acetylspiramycin ⼄酰螺旋霉素AchE ⼄酰胆碱酯酶achiral ⾮⼿性的acholeplasma ⽆胆甾原体AchR ⼄酰胆碱受体achromatic 消⾊的;消⾊差的achromatic color ⽆⾊achromatic lens 消⾊差透镜achromatin ⾮染⾊质acid catalysis 酸催化acid fibroblast growth factor 酸性成纤维细胞⽣长因⼦acid fuchsin 酸性品红acid glycoprotein 酸性糖蛋⽩acid hydrolyzed casein 酸⽔解酪蛋⽩acid medium 酸性培养基acid mucopolysaccharide 酸性粘多糖acid phosphatase 酸性磷酸酶acid protease 酸性蛋⽩酶acid solvent 酸性溶剂acidic 酸性的acidic amino acid 酸性氨基酸acidic protein 酸性蛋⽩质[有时特指⾮组蛋⽩]acidic transactivator 酸性反式激活蛋⽩acidic transcription activator 酸性转录激活蛋⽩acidification 酸化(作⽤)acidifying 酸化(作⽤)acidolysis 酸解acidophilia 嗜酸性acidophilic bacteria 嗜酸菌acidophilous milk 酸奶aclacinomycin 阿克拉霉素acoelomata ⽆体腔动物acomitic acid 乌头酸aconitase 顺乌头酸酶aconitate 乌头酸;乌头酸盐、酯、根aconitine 乌头碱aconitum alkaloid 乌头属⽣物碱ACP 酰基载体蛋⽩acquired character 获得性状acquired immunity 获得性免疫acridine 吖啶acridine alkaloid 吖啶(类)⽣物碱acridine dye 吖啶燃料acridine orange 吖啶橙acridine yellow 吖啶黄acriflavine 吖啶黄素acroblast 原顶体acrocentric chromosome 近端着丝染⾊体acrolein 丙烯醛acrolein polymer 丙烯醛类聚合物acrolein resin 丙烯醛树脂acropetal translocation 向顶运输acrosin 顶体蛋⽩acrosomal protease 顶体蛋⽩酶acrosomal reaction 顶体反应acrosome 顶体acrosome reaction 顶体反应acrosomic granule 原顶体acrosyndesis 端部联会acrylamide 丙烯酰胺acrylate 丙烯酸酯、盐acrylic acid 丙烯酸acrylic polymer 丙烯酸(酯)类聚合物acrylic resin 丙烯酸(酯)类树脂acrylketone 丙烯酮acrylonitrile 丙烯腈actidione 放线(菌)酮[即环⼰酰亚胺]actin 肌动蛋⽩actin filament 肌动蛋⽩丝actinin 辅肌动蛋⽩[分为alfa、beta两种,beta蛋⽩即加帽蛋⽩] actinmicrofilament 肌动蛋⽩微丝actinometer 化学光度计actinomorphy 辐射对称[⽤于描述植物的花] actinomycetes 放线菌actinomycin D 放线菌素Dactinospectacin 放线壮观素,壮观霉素,奇霉素action 作⽤action current 动作电流action potential 动作电位action spectrum 动作光谱activated sludge 活性污泥activated support 活化⽀持体activating group 活化基团activating transcription factor 转录激活因⼦activation 激活;活化activation analysis 活化分析activation energy 活化能activator 激活物,激活剂,激活蛋⽩activator protein 激活蛋⽩active absorption 主动吸收active biomass 活⽣物质active carbon 活性碳active center 活性中⼼active chromatin 活性染⾊质active dry yeast 活性⼲酵母active dydrogen compounds 活性氢化合物active ester of amino acid 氨基酸的活化酯active hydrogen 活性氢active immunity 主动免疫active oxygen 活性氧active site 活性部位,活性中⼼active transport 主动转运active uptake 主动吸收activin 活化素[由垂体合成并由睾丸和卵巢分泌的性激素]activity 活性,活度,(放射性)活度actomyosin 肌动球蛋⽩actophorin 载肌动蛋⽩[⼀种肌动蛋⽩结合蛋⽩]acute 急性的acute infection 急性感染acute phase 急性期acute phase protein 急性期蛋⽩,急相蛋⽩acute phase reaction 急性期反应,急相反应[炎症反应急性期机体的防御反应] acute phase reactive protein 急性期反应蛋⽩,急相反应蛋⽩acute phase response 急性期反应,急相反应acute toxicity 急性毒性ACV ⽆环鸟苷acyclic nucleotide ⽆环核苷酸acycloguanosine ⽆环鸟苷,9-(2-羟⼄氧甲基)鸟嘌呤acyclovir ⽆环鸟苷acyl 酰基acyl carrier protein 酰基载体蛋⽩acyl cation 酰(基)正离⼦acyl chloride 酰氯acyl CoA 脂酰辅酶Aacyl coenzyem A 脂酰辅酶Aacyl fluoride 酰氟acyl halide 酰卤acylamino acid 酰基氨基酸acylase 酰基转移酶acylating agent 酰化剂acylation 酰化acylazide 酰叠氮acylbromide 酰溴acyloin 偶姻acyltransferase 酰基转移酶adamantanamine ⾦刚烷胺[曾⽤作抗病毒剂]adamantane ⾦刚烷adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应adapter 衔接头;衔接⼦adapter protein 衔接蛋⽩质adaptin 衔接蛋⽩[衔接格蛋⽩与其他蛋⽩的胞质区]adaptive behavior 适应性⾏为adaptive enzyme 适应酶adaptive molecule 衔接分⼦adaptive response 适应反应[⼤肠杆菌中的DNA修复系统]adaptor 衔接头;衔接⼦adaxial 近轴的addition 加成addition compound 加成化合物addition haploid 附加单倍体addition line 附加系additive 添加物,添加剂additive effect 加性效应additive genetic variance 加性遗传⽅差additive recombination 插⼊重组,加插重组[因DNA插⼊⽽引起的基因重组] addressin 地址素[选择蛋⽩(selectin)的寡糖配体,与淋巴细胞归巢有关] adducin 内收蛋⽩[⼀种细胞膜⾻架蛋⽩,可与钙调蛋⽩结合]adduct 加合物,加成化合物adduct ion 加合离⼦adenine 腺嘌呤adenine arabinoside 啊糖腺苷adenine phosphoribosyltransferase 腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶adenoma 腺瘤adenosine 腺嘌呤核苷,腺苷adenosine deaminase 腺苷脱氨酶adenosine diphoshate 腺苷⼆磷酸adenosine monophosphate 腺苷(⼀磷)酸adenosine phosphosulfate 腺苷酰硫酸adenosine triphosphatase 腺苷三磷酸酶adenosine triphosphate 腺苷三磷酸adenovirus 腺病毒adenylate 腺苷酸;腺苷酸盐、酯、根adenylate cyclase 腺苷酸环化酶adenylate energy charge 腺苷酸能荷adenylate kinase 腺苷酸激酶adenylic acid 腺苷酸adenylyl cyclase 腺苷酸环化酶adenylylation 腺苷酰化adherence 粘着,粘附,粘连;贴壁adherent cell 贴壁赴allose 阿洛糖allosome 异染⾊体allosteric activation 别构激活,别构活化allosteric activator 别构激活剂,别构活化剂allosteric control 别构调节allosteric effect 别构效应allosteric effector 别构剂allosteric enzyme 别构酶allosteric inbibition 别构抑制allosteric inbibitor 别构抑制剂allosteric interaction 别构作⽤allosteric ligand 别构配体allosteric protein 别构蛋⽩allosteric regulation 别构调节allosteric site 别构部位allosteric transition 别构转换[由别构剂所引起的蛋⽩质构象变化] allosterism 别构,变构allostery 别构性allosynapsis 异源联会allotope 同种异型位allotrope 同素异形体allotrtraploid 异源四倍体allotype 同种异型allotypic antigen 同种异型抗原allotypic determinant 同种异型决定簇allotypic marker 同种异型标记allotypy 同种异型性alloxan 四氧嘧啶allozyme 同种异型酶allyl 烯丙基allyl resin 烯丙基树脂allysine 醛(基)赖氨酸alphavirus 甲病毒属[属于披膜病毒科]alternate segregation 相间分离alternating copolymer 交替共聚物alternating copolymerization 交替共聚合alternation of generations 世代交替alternative 另⼀种的,交替的,备择的alternative complement pathway 补体旁路alternative pathway of complement 补体旁路(途径)alternative polyadenylation 可变聚腺苷酸化alternative RNA processing 可变RNA加⼯alternative RNA splicing 可变RNA剪接,旁路RNA剪接alternative splicing 可变剪接,旁路剪接alternative splicing factor 可变剪接因⼦alternative transcription 可变转录alternative transcription initiation 可变转录起始alternatively spliced mRNA 可变剪接的mRNAaltrose 阿卓糖Alu family Alu家族alum 矾,明矾aluminia 氧化铝,矾⼟alveolar gas exchange 肺泡⽓体交换alveolar surfactant 肺泡表⾯活性物质alytensin 产婆蟾(紧张)肽Alzheimer disease 阿尔茨海默病,⽼年性痴呆amaerobic 厌氧的amalgam 汞齐amalgam electrode 汞齐电极amanin 鹅膏素amanitine 鹅膏毒环肽amantadine ⾦刚胺amanullin 鹅膏⽆毒环肽amaryllidaceae alkaloid ⽯蒜科⽣物碱amastatin 氨肽酶抑制剂,抑氨肽酶肽amatoxin 鹅膏毒素amber codon 琥珀密码⼦[即UAA终⽌密码⼦]amber mutant 琥珀突变体,琥珀突变型amber mutation 琥珀突变amber suppression 琥珀抑制amber suppressor 琥珀(突变)抑制基因,琥珀(突变)抑制因⼦Amberlite resin [商]Amberlite树脂,琥⽯树脂[Rohm&Haas公司离⼦交换树脂的商品名] ambident 两可的ambident ion 两可离⼦ambient 周围的ambient temperature 环境温度,室温ambiguous codon 多义密码⼦ambisense 双义ambisense genome 双义基因组ambisense RNA 双义RNA[同时编码蛋⽩质的病毒正链与负链RNA]amboceper 双纳体[既有绵⽺红细胞结合位点⼜有补体结合位点的抗体] ambutyrosin 氨丁苷菌素amensalism 偏害共栖American Type Culture Collection 美国模式培养物保藏所amerol 杀草强,氨基三唑Ames test 埃姆斯试验amethopterin 氨甲蝶呤amicetin 友菌素amicillin resistance 氨苄青霉素抗性amidase 酰胺酶amidated peptide 酰胺(化)肽amide 酰胺amidine 脒amido black 酰胺⿊[可⽤于蛋⽩质SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的染⾊]amido bond 酰胺键amido link 酰胺键amido linkage 酰胺键amidomycin 胺霉素amidotrizoate 3,5-双⼄酰氨基-2,4,6-三碘苯甲酸盐amiloride 氨氯吡嗪脒[利尿药]amination 氨基化amine 胺amine bormones 胺类激素amine precursor uptake and decarboxylationsystem 胺前体摄取(和)脱羧系统,APUD系统[可提取胺前体并进⾏脱羧⽽产⽣肽类或活性胺的细胞系统] amine transporter 胺转运蛋⽩Aminex resin [商]Aminex树脂[Bio-Rad公司离⼦交换树脂的商品名,⼀类HPLC级球形介质,是带功能基的苯⼄烯。
Useful Phrases1 肺炎、肺结核pneumonia and tuberculosis2 细菌释放毒素germs giving off a toxin3 皮肤和粘膜skin and mucous membranes4 炎症inflammation5 红、肿、热、痛redness, swelling, heat and pain6 抗感染fight against infection7 吞噬、消化微生物engulf and digest microbes8 淋巴管lymph vessels9 抗体、抗原antibody and antigen10 抗毒素antitoxin11 人工免疫artificial immunityUseful phrases1 有机化学、无机化学organic and inorganic chemistry2 物理化学physical chemistry3 生物化学bio chemistry4 化学符号和结构式chemical symbols and formulas5 离子、电子、原子、分子iron, electron, atom and molecule6 分子量molecular weights7 元素周期表periodic table8 运用符号和概念的方法methods of manipulating symbols and concepts9 化学反应chemical reaction10 有机化合物organic compound11 二氧化碳carbon dioxide12 含有碳元素的物质substances containing carbon13 合成物synthetic materials14 大量的原料abundant raw materials15 品质更加、用途更广、优势独特superior quality, greater versatility, andunique advantagesLesson 8 Development of New Drugs (I)1生产特效药to produce the novel therapeutic agents2由天然植物资源提取to extract from natural plants and animal sources3化学合成药 a drug synthesized chemically4人工生产药物agents produced artificially5药物的特异作用及毒性specificity of action and toxicity6 基因工程的发展development of genetic engineering7 单克隆抗体monoclonal antibody 8 beta受体阻断剂beta receptor blocker9实验药理学experimental pharmacology10几种模型包括:细胞培养或细菌培养,部分提取酶或亚细胞间质,分离的组织,灌注的器官完整的动物several models include: cell culture or bacteria, partially purified enzymes or subcellular particles, isolated tissues , perfused organs, intact animals11慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity testing 12代谢方法patterns of metabolism13疗程during of treatment14 实验组、对照组、安慰剂组、空白组、the experimental group ,control group, placebo group and untreated group15 临床指症clinical indication 16 生化药理学biochemical pharmacology17 FDA Food and Drug AdministrationLesson 8 Development of New Drugs (II)1 临床评价clinical evaluation / assessment2 毒理研究toxicological studies3 化学纯度和药理稳定性chemical purity and pharmaceutical stability4 罕见的疾病、威胁生命、不治之症rare diseases, life-threatening and untreatable diseases5 无严重症状与毒性without serious symptoms or toxicity6 药物剂量的研究dose-ranging studies7 施药(给药)drug administration / administration of drugs8 临床试验许可证CTC clinical trial certificate9 单盲或双盲试验single blind or double blind experiment10 副作用adverse effect, side-effect, unhealthy effect11 促销marketing and promotion12 医药代表representative of the pharmaceutical manufacturer. ..。
专业英语词汇第一节FDA和EDQM术语一、简写:FDA:Food and Drug Administration 食品药品管理局EDQM:European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines 欧洲药品质量管理局ChP:Chinese Pharmacopoeia 中国药典USP:The United States Pharmacopoeia 美国药典NF:The National Formulary 国家处方集BP:British Pharmacopoeia 英国药典Ph.Eup:European Pharmacopoeia 欧洲药典Ph.Int:The International Pharmacopoeia 国际药典GLP:Good Laboratory Practice 药品实验研究规范GMP:Good Manufacture Practice 药品生产质量规范GSP:Good Supply Practice 药品经营质量规范GCP:Good Clinical Practice 药品临床试验规范INN:international nonproprietary name 国际非专业名称LD50:half lethal dose;median lethal dose 半数致死量LD100:absolute lethal dose 绝对致死量二、词汇:clinical trial:临床试验accelerated approval:加速批准animal trial:动物实验preparing and submitting:起草和申报standard drug:标准药物established name:确定的名称investigator:调查员drug product:药物产品submission:申报、递交generic name:非专有名称benefit(s):受益drug substance:原料药物risk(s):受害proprietary name:专有名称adverse effect:副作用adverse reaction:不良反应protocol:协议、草案archival copy:存档副本review copy:审查用副本identify:鉴别placebo:安慰剂agency:审理部门labeled amount:标示量strength:规格第二节医药学专业词汇一、医药学专业课程英文:Medicine:医学Internal Medicine:内科学Surgery:外科学Pediatrics:儿科学Gynecology:妇科学Diagnosis:诊断学Pathology:病理学Physiology:生理学Pathphysiology:病理生理学Anatomy:解剖学Human Anatomy and Physiology:人体生理解剖学Histology:组织学Embryology:胚胎学Histology and Embryology:组胚学Genetics Cell:遗传学BiologyMolecular Biology:分子生物学Immunology:免疫学Statistics Microbiology:卫生统计学Medical Genetics:医学遗传学Physics:物理学Medical Statistics:医学统计学Medical Immunology:医学免疫学Medical Cell Biology:医学细胞生物学Medical Microbiology:医学微生物学Medical Molecular Biology:医学分子生物学Mathematics:数学Higher Mathematics:高等数学Advanced Mathematics:高数Biochemistry:生物化学Medical Physics:医用物理学Medical Advanced Mathematics:医用高等数学Parasitology:寄生虫学Essential Chemistry:基础化学Medical Psychology:心理学Epidemiology:流行病学Image:影像学Diagnosis:诊断学Psychiatry:精神病学Neurology:神经病学Infectionology:传染病学Ophthalmology:眼科学Dermatology:皮肤病学Dermatology and Venereology:皮肤性病学Anesthesia:麻醉学Otorhinolaryngology:耳鼻喉学Oral science:口腔学Endocrinology:内分泌学Preventive Medicine:预防医学Surgical Nursing:外科护士Radiology:放射学radiotoxicology:放射毒理学radiopharmaceutics:放射药理学Osteopathic Medicine:骨科医学Dental Sciences:牙科学Pharmacy:药剂学Pharmacology:药理学Medicinal Chemistry:药物化学Pharmaceutics:药剂Physical Chemistry:物理化学Natural Medicinal Chemistry:天然药物化学Pharmacognosy:生药学toxicology:毒理学Pharmaceutical analysis:药物分析Pharmacy Administration:药事管理学Organic Chemistry:有机化学Inorganic Chemistry:无机化学Traditional Mongolia Medicine:蒙药学Traditional Chinese Medicine:中药学Chinese Herb Medicine :中草学Molecular pharmacology:分子药理学industrial pharmacy:工业药剂学Quantum pharmacology:量子药学Clinical pharmacology:临床药理学Chlinical pharmacy:临床药学Chronopharmacology:时辰药理学Pharmacogenetics:药学遗传学Pharmacodynamics:药动学pharmacokinetics:药代学二、医学词汇:人体器官英语词汇:head 头throat 喉chest 胸部abdomen 腹部thigh 大腿neck 颈部shoulder 肩部back 背部waist 腰部hip臀部wisdom tooth 智牙skull 头颅collarbone 锁骨rib 肋骨backbone 脊柱shoulder joint 肩关节shoulder blade 肩峰breastbone 胸骨elbow joint 肘关节kneecap 膝盖骨bone 骨骼skeleton 骨骼muscle 肌肉joint 关节blood vessel 血管vein 静脉artery 动脉capillary 毛细血管nerve 神经spinal marrow 脊髓brain 大脑respiration 呼吸windpipe 气管lung 肺heart 心脏exhale 呼气inhale 吸气internal organs 内脏gullet 食道stomach 胃liver 肝脏gall bladder 胆囊pancreas 胰腺spleen 脾脏duodenum 十二指肠small intestine 小肠large intestine 大肠blind gut 盲肠vermiform 蠕虫appendix 阑尾rectum 直肠chew 咀嚼swallow 吞咽digest 消化absord 吸收discharge 排放excrement 粪便kidney 肾脏bladder 膀胱intelligence 智力各种常见疾病的表达:Headache 头痛cold 感冒hepatitis 肝炎Pneumonia 肺炎cough 咳嗽trachitis 气管炎brain fever/meningitis脑膜炎cystitis 膀胱炎gastritis 胃炎acute gastritis 急性胃炎mastitis 乳腺炎bronchitis 支气管炎appendicitis 阑尾炎gastroenteritis 肠胃炎tumor 肿瘤bird flu/avian influenza 禽流感cancer 癌症leukemia 白血病SARS(Severe Acute Respiratary Syndrome) 非典型肺炎AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome,AIDS) 艾滋病black death 黑死病mad cow disease 疯牛病influenza 流感cataract 白内障rabies 狂犬病stroke 休克coronary heart disease 冠心病diabetes 糖尿病lung cancer 肺癌liver cancer 肝癌pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核hepatocirrhosis 肝硬化chronic 慢性的cancer of stomach 胃癌stomach trouble 胃炎heart disease 心脏病fever发热amnesia 健忘症anemia, anaemia 贫血angina pectoris 心绞痛appendicitis 阑尾炎arthritis 关节炎bird flu, avian flu 禽流感bronchitis 支气管炎cancer 癌症cervicitis 子宫颈炎cold 感冒epilepsy 癫痫gout 痛风headache 头痛hemiplegy, hemiplegia 偏瘫icterus, jaundice 黄疸indigestion 消化不良influenza, flu 流感insanity 精神病insomnia 失眠症leukemia 白血病lupus 狼疮lupus erythematosus (LE) 红斑狼疮malnutrition 营养不良migraine, splitting headache 偏头痛neuralgia 神经病miocardial infarction 心肌梗塞neurasthenia 神经衰弱paralysis 麻痹peritonitis 腹膜炎pharyngitis 咽炎syncope 晕厥tetanus 破伤风tumour, tumor 肿瘤(三)化学元素名称的表达:Hydrogen 氢Helium he Carbon 碳Nitrogen 氮Oxygen 氧Sodium 钠Fluorine 佛Magnesium 镁Aluminum铝Phosphorus 磷Sulfur 硫Chlorine 氯Potassium 钾Calcium 钙Iron铁Copper 铜Zinc 锌Bromine溴Silver 银Iodine 碘Barium钡Gold 金Mercury 汞Lead 铅。