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现在分词作状语

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。 1欢迎下载 教学目标：讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在分词作状语的异同

重点难点：

1.现在分词和不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。

2.分词作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系，以确定是现在分词还是过去分词。

3.注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定分词的时态形式

4、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式.

5. 连词+分词形式（分词作状语的省略问题）

6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。

7. 现在分词的独立主格结构和评价性状语

Step 1 lead in

朗读下面一首唐诗，找出其中的现在分词形式

Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思

Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光

So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜

Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月

Lowering my head, I dream that I’m home. 低头思故乡

Step2 现在分词作状语的意义

动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

一. -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while )

温馨提示：

1．现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when,

while引出。

2．现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时。 如：

When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood.

=Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。

As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy.

=（0n）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.

他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。

二．-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。(引导词有because ,as ,since)

如：As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday

=Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。

三．-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once)

If you work hard, you will succeed.

=Working hard, you will succeed.

如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。

If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.

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。 2欢迎下载 =Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.

如果你向左转，你就会找到到学校取得路。

四．表示让步，相当于让步状语从句（引导词有although,though,even if ,even

though）

Although they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage.

= Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。

五．现在分词可以做方式状语、伴随状语，表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，是主语的另一个、较次要的动作，相当于一个由and引导的并列结构。

She came into the house,and carried a lot of books.

=She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. 她捧着许多书走进了房间。

He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time.

=He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。

温馨提示：伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。

六．现在分词表示主句的动作所带来的必然结果，相当于一个并列谓语

His father died, and left him a lot of money.

=His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。

She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, and broke it

into

pieces.

=She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into

pieces.

她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。

Step 2考点解读

分词作状语应注意的问题

A. 分词作状语的首要条件是分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。

动词的分词形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。

Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. 走进教室，我发现里面没人。（entering的逻辑主语是I，相当于when I entered the classroom, I found

nobody in it.）

如分词表示的动作不是句中主语发出或承受的，那就是误用。

课堂巩固练习：判断下列句子正误

1. 从窗户看出去，我们看见一个漂亮的花园。

a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.

b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.

2. 我看着晚报的时候，一只狗开始叫起来。

a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking.

b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.

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。 3欢迎下载 3. 听到这个消息，我的眼泪忍不住流下来。

a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face.

b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.

4.等公汽的时候，一块砖头砸在我的头上。

a. waiting for the bus , a brick fell on my head.

b.waiting for the bus ,I was hit by a brick on the head.

5.打开窗户，一只蝴蝶飞进来了。

a. Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my room.

b. Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my room.

6.如果你努力学习，你的梦想一定会实现。

a.Working hard with a strong will, your dream will certainly come true

b.Working hard with a strong will, you'll certainly make your dream come

true

B. 独立结构

分词的逻辑主语如不能和句子中的主语保持一致，该-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语，通常有名词或代词来担任,成为独立主格结构，独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况, 表示时间、原因、条件等。

但要注意主格词和主句的主语不能表示同一概念，主格词和分词的动作是主谓关系结构是：

形式：主格词+doing

主格词+being +adj

there being +n,

辨别正误

因为天气好，我们下周将举行运动会。

a. Being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.

b. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.

练习：把下面句子改成独立主格形式

1.If the weather permits, we’ll go out on an outing.

=Weather permitting, we’ll go out on an outing.

天气许可的话，我们就去郊游。

2. Because it is Sunday, we needn't go to school.

=It being Sunday, we needn't go to school.

因为是星期天，我们不需要上学。

3.Since there was no buses,we had to walk home .

=There being no bus ,we had to walk home .

因为没有车，我们不得不走回家。

4.As the boy led the way, we had no trouble finding the village.

The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the village.

因为有这个男孩带路，我们毫不费力地找到了这个村子。

小结：当主从句主语不一致时，分词和逻辑主语构成.独立主格.

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现在分词作状语

现在分词作状语

现在分词作状语

现在分词作状语2015/3/18

一般来说，-ing形式表示主动、进行。-ing形式作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。现在分词的一般式（doing）作状语,表示动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生,而完成式(having done)作状语,则表示动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生.

通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

一、现在分词短语作时间状语有以下三种情况：

1．分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。常用的动词，如：hear,

see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around,

walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。

此种情况可以换作on+动名词，表示相同的意思。译作"一（刚）……就……"。此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。

如：Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking

at once.（= On hearing their teacher's voice… = When they heard

their teacher's voice, the pupils…）一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。

2．谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中，则用when

/while+现在分词的一般式，分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。也可以换作when、while引导的时间状语从句，该从句的谓语动词用进行时态。

如：Don't be careless when /while having an exam. = Don't

be careless in having an exam. = Don't be careless when / while

现在分词作状语 2

现在分词作状语 2

现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。

He went out shutting the door behind him.

他出去后将门随手关上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.

由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。

2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.

在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。

(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别

1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。

They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)

They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)

2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。

Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)

Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)

Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)

现在分词用作状语(九类)

现在分词用作状语(九类)

现在分词用作状语（九类）

现在分词用作状语（九类）

现在分词作状语时，可以表示谓语动作的时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、目的、程度和结果。比如:

(1) 作时间状语

Being given a chance, she immediately jumped at it. 给了她这个机会，她立刻抓住。

Seeing the police, he made a run for the exit. 一看到警察他就向出口奔去。

Passing the place, my sense of oppression increased.

经过那地方，我的压抑感便越发厉害。

(2) 作原因状语

Being well taken care of, she recovered

quickly.() 她受到很好的照顾，身体恢复得很快。

Writing hurriedly as she was, she didn’t notice the

spelling errors. 因为写得仓促，她没有注意其中的拼写错误。

Stepping carelessly off the pazement, he was knocked

down by the bus. 他不小心离开了人行道，被公共汽车撞倒了。

(3) 作条件状语 Being advised to talk less, Mary keeps silent while we

talk. 要是叫她少说点，当我们说话的时候，玛丽就会保持沉默。

It will take you half an hour to get to the station,

allowing for traffic delays. 把路上的耽搁算进去，你要用半小时才能到车站。

Being defeated in every battle, the enemy will soon

surrender. 要是敌人每场战斗都被打败，那他们就会投降。

现在分词作状语 3

现在分词作状语 3

现在分词作状语

现在分词短语可以用作状语，修饰句子中由谓语表示的主要动作。这个状语可

以表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、或表示主要动作发生的伴随情况，

通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语就是句

子的主语。

一、作时间状语

如果现在分词的动作和主谓语的动作同时发生，分词用一般式，有时其前

可以加上连词while或when。例如：

①Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.

② Walking slowly across the grass，he pointed the gun at the lion and fired.

③ One day，while walking along the sands towards his boat，Crusoe saw in

the sand the mark of a man's foot.

如果现在分词的动作结束之后，谓语动词的动作才发生，现在分词应用完

成式。这时分词所表示的动作有一定的持续性。例如：

① Having watered the flowers，he began to cut the grass.

② Having eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out.

③ Hearing the footstep below(＝When he heard the footstep below)，he rose

and went to the top of the stairs.

④ Seeing a large cake flying through the air，the driver pulled up quickly.

注：①分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式

作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。常用的动词，如：hear, see, arrive,