初中英语语法名词用法讲解及专项练习

初中英语语法名词⽤法讲解及专项练习

初中英语语法名词⽤法讲解及专项练习

【考点讲解】⼀、名词的分类

⼆、可数名词与不可数名词(⼀) 可数名词

名词分为可数和不可数名词。物质名词与抽象名词⼀般属于不可数名词，它们只有单数形式；个体名词和集体名词⼀般是可数名词，通常有单数和复数两种形式。1. 单数变复数的规则

【注】 ① 常见的以o 结尾要加es 的有如下⼏个：hero, tomato, potato ,可记为“英雄爱吃西红柿和⼟⾖”。剩余以o 为结尾的加s ：如photo, zoo, piano

等

② 以f 或fe 结尾变f 或fe 为v+es 的词有如下：

⼩偷的妻⼦⽤⼑把狼劈成两半，⼀半放在书架上，⼀半放在树叶上2. 不规则复数形式

(1) 元⾳或词尾发⽣变化：child- , man- , woman-_________, foot- , tooth- , mouse-

policeman -___________, Frenchman-_________Englishman-

(2) 单复数形式相同： (3) 形式为复数，意思为复数：people ，police

(4) 形式为复数，意思为单数：news, maths, physics

(5) 只能⽤复数形式：trousers, shoes, glasses ……

【注】○1man，woman作定语修饰别的名词时，要把man，woman和其他部分都变成复数，如man teacher –，woman doctor –_____________；

○2但是其他合成名词，只需把其中⼼词变成复数形式。如：

shoe factory- , banana tree-

3. “某国⼈”的复数形式“中⽇不变英法变，其余s加后边”

(⼆)不可数名词

不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，⼀般没有复数形式1. 物质名词有water, rice, tea, milk, chicken(鸡⾁), fish(鱼⾁), food, fruit, beef,

orange(橙汁), sugar, salt, paper(纸), porridge, bread, sand, juice,

chalk等；

抽象名词有news, music, time(时间), information等；2. 在英语中，不可数名词如果要表⽰“量”的概念，可以⽤以下两种⽅法：

(1) ⽤much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表⽰多少，例如：

a lot of money / some milk / any water / much snow

(2) ⽤“a piece / glass / cup / bottle / bag of+不可数名词”或“数词pieces /

glasses / cups / bottles / bags of+不可数名词”这类定语，例如：

a piece of paper ( wood / bread) →

a bottle of orange →

a glass of wate r →

a cup of tea →

a bag of rice →

3. 不可数名词不能与数词或不定冠词a/an连⽤；

4. 注意有些名词既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，此时中⽂意思有区别。

如：time, glass, orange, room, experience等三、名词所有格

在英语中，特别是表⽰有⽣命的名词，可以加's表⽰所属关系，名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。1. 有⽣命的名词所有格

(1) 单数名词的所有格加’s。如：Mother’s Day/ the little girl’s room

(2) 以s结尾的复数名词所有格只加’。如：Teachers’ Day/ the students’ books

(3) 姓⽒以s结尾，也可直接加’。如：Jones’ office

(4) 不规则的复数名词变所有格加’s。如：C hildren’s books / Women’s Day

(5) 表⽰两⼈共有时，只在最后⼀个名词后加’s。如：

莉莉和露西的爸爸___________________

约翰和玛丽的课桌_________________(6) 表⽰两⼈各⾃所有时，则两个专有名词都要⽤所有格形式，⽽且后⾯所修

的名词要⽤复数形式。如：

王林的爸爸和李坤的爸爸__________________________

露西的房间和莉莉的房间__________________________2. ⽆⽣命的名词所有格

(1) ⽆⽣命的名词所有格常⽤of结构表⽰，如：

a map of China the cover of the book

(2) 表⽰国家、时间、距离、重量和价值等的名词通过词尾变化表⽰所有，如：

China’s future today’s newspaper ten minutes’ walk

(3) 以to构成的短语的所有格形式。如：

the key to the door the answer to the question

3. 双重所有格

双重所有格就是将of结构与’s结构或名词性物主代词⼀起使⽤，如：a friend of Tom’s a photo of mine

4. 表⽰住宅、办公室或店铺的名词所有格后⾯⼀般省略它所修饰的名词，如：

at John’s (home) at the doctor’s (office) at the barber’s (shop)

课堂练习

根据中⽂写出单词的适当形式或⽤所给单词的适当形式填空1. Dave really likes driving. I think being a (司机) is just right for him.

2. You are supposed to be more careful to make fewer (mistake) while you

are writing.

3. The mascot (吉祥物) of Rio 2016 Olympic Games is the (标志)good luck．

4. In 1998，Liu Xiang’s (able) in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping.

A. ability

B. tradeC. electricity

D. memory

5.—Would you mind taking some (photo) for us?

—Certainly not. It’s a piece of cake.

6. —Jeff’s and Amy’s(father) didn’t come to the meeting. Why?—Because they have gone to Beijing.

7.She says her favorite (学科) is English.

8.Every time I see the strawberries，the sweet (⼝味) and beautiful color always make my mouth water.

9. On September 3 there will be some (activity) in China to celebrate the

70-year victory of the Anti-Japanese War.

10. The Chinese saying “A tree can’t make a(森林)“ tells us that teamwork

is very important in a football match.

11.Yesterday Lucy told us such good (news) that we are all amazed at it.

12. We can't make a sandwich without (⾯包).

13.The actions and words of celebrities(名⼈) can have a great (影响)

because many people may follow them．So they should pay more attention to their behavior and speech．

14.The New York Times is a popular daily (杂志).

15. Bob has got good exam results. His parents are proud of his (succeed).

16. My cousin likes reading. I often buy (book) for his birthday.

17. There are lots of (rule) that students have to follow in school.

18. —Finding information is not a big deal today.

—Well，the challenge is how we can tell whether the information is (use) or not.

19. None of them talked. They finished their meal in (silence).

20. —Where are you going to spend your summer holiday，Jenny?

—I haven’t made a(decide) yet．I’m going to talk about it with my family tomorrow.

21. —Would you like some (tomato) for dinner? —OK.

22. —Will you go to the (体育馆) this afternoon?

—Yes. I want to go swimming.

23.—A study shows that good habits play a very important (部分) in

children’s education.

—I think so.

24. —Mum，I have a bad headache. I feel terrible.

—Oh，dear! You must get a cold. You’d better see a (医⽣) after breakfast.

25. —Any special offer in this shopping mall now?

—Sure，we have the latest e-products on (sell).

26. —What’s your favorite，Jim?