初中英语常用连接词
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人教版九年级英语全册连词表以下是人教版九年级英语全册中常用的连词表。
这些连词可以帮助学生更好地理解和运用英语。
记住,在使用连词时,要注意上下文和语法的正确性。
一、并列连词 (Coordinating Conjunctions)1. and - 和and - 和2. but - 但是but - 但是3. or - 或者or - 或者4. so - 因此so - 因此5. for - 因为for - 因为二、从属连词 (Subordinating Conjunctions)1. if - 如果if - 如果2. when - 当when - 当3. because - 因为because - 因为4. although - 虽然although - 虽然5. while - 尽管while - 尽管三、并列副词 (Correlative Adverbs)1. both...and - 既...又both...and - 既...又2. either...or - 要么...要么either...or - 要么...要么3. neither...nor - 既不...也不neither...nor - 既不...也不4. not only...but also - 不仅...而且not only...but also - 不仅...而且四、时间连词 (Temporal Conjunctions)1. before - 在...之前before - 在...之前2. after - 在...之后after - 在...之后3. while - 当...的时候while - 当...的时候4. when - 当...时候when - 当...时候5. until - 直到until - 直到五、因果连词 (Causal Conjunctions)1. because - 因为because - 因为2. since - 由于since - 由于3. as - 由于as - 由于4. so - 所以so - 所以5. therefore - 因此therefore - 因此以上是人教版九年级英语全册中常用的连词表。
初中英语连词用法(全)连词是英语中非常重要的一部分,它能够把句子、短语和单词连接起来,使得句子更加流畅和连贯。
在初中英语研究中,掌握常用的连词用法对于提高语言表达能力非常有帮助。
以下是一些常见的初中英语连词及其用法。
1. 并列连词(Coordinating Conjunctions)- 连接并列的词、短语或句子。
- 常见的并列连词有:and(和)、but(但是)、or(或者)、so(所以)等。
- 例句:I like playing basketball, and my brother likes playing soccer.2. 结果连词(Conjunctive Adverbs of Result)- 表示因果关系、结果关系的连接词。
- 常见的结果连词有:therefore(因此)、thus(从而)、consequently(因此)等。
- 例句:She studied hard; therefore, she passed the exam.3. 转折连词(Conjunctive Adverbs of Contrast)- 表示转折、对比关系的连接词。
- 常见的转折连词有:however(然而)、but(但是)、nevertheless(然而)、although(尽管)等。
- 例句:She is smart, but she is not very confident.4. 时间连词(Conjunctive Adverbs of Time)- 表示时间关系的连接词。
- 常见的时间连词有:before(在之前)、after(在之后)、while(当……的时候)、since(自从)等。
- 例句:He finished his homework before dinner.5. 原因连词(Conjunctive Adverbs of Cause)- 表示原因关系的连接词。
- 常见的原因连词有:because(因为)、since(因为)、as (因为)、for(因为)等。
爽爽文档汇编之初中英语作文常用连接词(1)表示增加的过渡词:also,and,and then,too,in addition,furthermore,moreover,again,another,first/ second/ third等。
(2)表示时间顺序的过渡词:now,then,before,after,afterwards,earlier,later,immediately,soon,next,in afew days,gradually,suddenly,finally 等。
(3)表示空间顺序的过渡词:near(to),far(from),in front of,behind,beside,beyond,above,below,to the right/ left,around,outside等。
(4)表示比较的过渡词:in the same way,just like,just as等。
(5)表示对照的过渡词:but,still,yet,however,on the other hand,on the contary,in spite of,even though等。
(6)表示结果和原因的过渡词:because,since,so,as a result,therefore,then,thus,otherwise等。
(7)表示目的的过渡词:for this reason,for this purpose,so that等。
(8)表示强调的过渡词:in fact,indeed,surely,necessarily,certainly,without any doubt, above all等。
(9)表示解释说明的过渡词:for example,in fact,in this case, actually 等。
(10)表示总结的过渡词:finally,at last,in conclusion,in brief,in short,in general,on the whole等。
★以下是英⽂写作翻译频道为⼤家整理的《初中英语:写作常⽤的连接词和重点万能句型》,供⼤家参考。
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⼀、常⽤连接词 1.表⽂章结构顺序:First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last 2.表并列补充关系的:What is more, besides 3.表转折对⽐关系的:However, but Although + clause(从句) On the one hand… On the other hand… Some… while others… 4.表因果关系的:Because, As ,So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 5.表换⼀种⽅式表达:In other words 6.表进⾏举例说明:For example,句⼦;For instance,句⼦; 7.表陈述事实:In fact 8.表达⾃⼰观点: In my opinion 9.表总结:In a word In summary 10.⽂中正确使⽤两三个好的句型,如:宾语从句、状语从句、动名词做主语等。
(1)宾语从句举例:I believe Tianjin will be more beautiful and prosperous. (2)状语从句举例:If everyone does something for the environment, our hometown will become clean and beautiful. (3)动名词做主语举例:Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes. It's bad for our eyes to read books in the sun. ⼆、常⽤状语从句 1.时间:when, not…until, as soon as 2.⽬的:so that+从句; to do(为了) 3.结果:so…that+从句, too…to do(太……以⾄于……) 4.条件:if, unless(除⾮), as long as(只要) 5.让步:though, although, even though, even if ,no matter what/when/where/who/which/how 6.⽐较:as…as…, not so…as…, than 三、重点句型 1.It is said that + 句⼦据说… It is reported that + 句⼦据报道… 2.There is no need to do 没必要做… 3.It's adj. for sb. to do 做…对某⼈来说… 4.so/such… that … 如此… 以⾄于… too … to do 太… ⽽不能… 5.not…until… 直到…才… 例: I didn't go to bed until my mother came back. 6.The reason why + 句⼦ is that + 句⼦ … 的原因是… 7.The reason why he got angry was that she told him a lie. ( 他⽣⽓的原因是她对他说了谎。
初中英语连词总结归纳1. and - “和”的意思,用来连接两个并列的名词或句子。
2. or - “或”的意思,用于提供选项或者选择。
3. but - “但是”的意思,用于表示对两个或多个想法之间的差异或矛盾的介绍。
4. because - “因为”的意思,用于表示原因。
5. so - “所以”的意思,用于表示结果或可能性。
6. yet - “然而”的意思,用于显示转折或变化。
7. although - “尽管”的意思,表示一个想法和另一个想法的矛盾情况。
8. unless - “除非”的意思,用于表示某个条件必须被满足。
9. if - “如果”的意思,用于表示条件或假设情况。
10. since - “因为”的意思,用于表示原因或时间。
11. while - “同时或在某段时间内”的意思,用于表示伪并行的事件。
12. as - “由于”的意思,用于表示原因或比喻。
13. even though - “即使”的意思,用于引出情况下的矛盾。
14. when - “当”的意思,用于表示时间。
15. where - “在哪里”的意思,用于表示位置。
16. before - “在之前”的意思,用于表示时间的顺序。
17. after - “在之后”的意思,用于表示时间的顺序。
18. until - “直到”的意思,用于表示某个事件的结束。
19. unless - “除非”的意思,用于表示某种条件的必须满足。
20. in case - “万一”的意思,用于为可能发生的情况做准备。
21. as if - “好像的式样”,用于比喻或类比。
22. as long as - “只要”的意思,用于条件或假设情况。
23. so that - “以便”的意思,用于表示目的性。
24. that - “那”的意思,用于引出一个特殊的类型的从句。
25. as soon as - “一…就”的意思,用于表示时间的开始。
26. no matter - “不管”的意思,用于上传任意特定的数据。
初中英语写作常用连接词初中年级英语写作之中,有哪些实用好用的连接词?下面是店铺给大家整理的初中英语写作常用连接词,供大家参阅!初中英语写作常用连接词1、叙事文常用的句子间连接词:At first; at last; in the end… then/next/after that…然后,随后when/while/as soon as/not… until…at the same time(同时); at times(有时); once in a while(有时,偶尔);so that(以至于) Luckily/fortunately/unluckily/unfortunately…To one’s surprise/joy(令...惊讶/高兴的是...)in a word/all in all(总之)2、议论文常用连接词表示并列:either…or; neither…nor; both…and; not only…but also;表示递进的:b esides; what’s more; what’s worse; (moreover); 还有,更甚的是表示原因的:because; for…; because of…; thanks to…; (for the reason that…);表示结果的:so; as a result; so…that…; therefore; 所以,结果,因此,于是表示目的的:so that…; in order that…; (in order) to…; for…; 为了……表示对比的:while; on the one hand + on the other hand; Each coin has two sides.; prefer…to…; would rather do…than do…;表示转折的:however; but;表示举例的:for example; for instance; such as…; like…; that is to say…(也就是说)表示总结的:in all/short; in a word; in brief/ total; (总之,简言之)last but not least(最后但同样重要的是);表示利弊的:be good/bad for sb.; be harmful to sb.; do harm to sb.; …have great/much influence on sb.; sth. benefit sb.; sb benefit from sth.(从..中受益); affect; have an effect on sb.(对...有影响); 表示喜爱的:love/like/enjoy…; be fond of…; be interested in…; show great interest in…; lose oneself in…(沉迷于); put one’s heart into…(全心投入,,,); be good at; be poor at; be weak in; 表达个人想法的:I think/believe…; (as) for me; in my opinion/view; as a student; personally(就自己而言) 其他:in general; generally speaking(一般来说)to be short;(简单的说) in a way(从某种意义上说)to be honest; to tell the truth;(老实说)as we know(众所周知); make up one’s mind to do(决定做...) 首先:first/ firstly/ at first/ at the beginning/ to begin with/ to start with其次:second/ secondly/ then/ what's more/ besides最后:finally/ at last/ in the end初中英语写作必备连接词1.书信a书信开头常用语I am very glad to receive your letter (hear form you). Hello, Jane. Is everything going (on) well? /How is everything going (on)?(最近怎么样?) I’m writing to you for some advice on how to…(我正给你写关于...的建议的信) I’m w riting to ask if you can ... (我想写信问你你是否能...)How time flies! It has been ..months/years since we last met.(光阴似箭,自从我们上次见面已经...月/年) Thank you for inviting me to …. (谢谢邀请我...)b 书信结尾常用语Best wishes (to/for you).Wish you good luck.(I am) looking forward to hearing from you.2 图表、数字比例型(提出讨论或调查的事实)Last week, our class had a class meeting on (how to)… Here are the results. (表达出不同看法或观点)Most students think … While … 20% of them choose to….Another 15 believe… There are also some… saying that…(表达个人看法)As a studen t, I agree to…3 说明利弊型(开头点题)Nowadays … is becoming more and more popular.(阐述利弊)It has many advantages . First, 优点1… Besides, 优点2…However, every coin has two sides. It also brings us bad influences. On the one hand, 缺点1… On the other hand, 缺点2…(个人观点)In my opinion,个人观点 ...4 不同观点型(开头提出观点)We made a survey about whether we should …提出矛盾问题.(分别揭示正反方的观点及其理由)Different people hold different ideas.Some believe …正方观点. First, 原因1… Besides, 原因2…While others don’t agree. They think…反方观点. On the one hand, 原因1… On the other hand, 原因2… (结尾)As for me,个人观点…(只选一方的观点)5 解决问题型(开头)Recently, the…problem has been more and more serious. We/people should do something to solve it. (解决方法)Firstly, 方法1… Secondly, 方法2… Finally, 方法3…(结尾)I am sure if everyone can make a contributi on to …,the … will become better and better.初中英语写作必背连接词1.表文章结构顺序:First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second…next …And then, Finally/In the end/ At last2.表并列补充关系的(递进关系):What’s more(甚至)/ What’s worse(更糟糕的是), even(甚至),Especially(特别是)Besides(除此之外), Moreover(甚至), Furthermore, In addition(除此之外还有),not only …but also 不但…而且,at the same time 同时3.表转折对比关系的:However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句),(不与but连用) Despite/In spite of+n/doing 尽管…但是…4.用来陈述正反方的不同观点(一般用于议论文章中):On the one hand… On the other hand…一方面,又一方面;Some…, while others…一些人认为…而另一些人认为… Everything has two sides…(食物都具有两面性) some people hold the view that …while the others prefer the view that …(一些人坚持这种观点,而另一些人更喜欢另一种观点)5.表因果关系的:Because(不与so连用), As(由于,因为) ,So, Therefore(因此), As a result (结果) ,thanks to(多亏),because of/as a result of (由于), without, with the help of...(在…的帮助下),6.表进行举例说明:For example+句子(意思是:例如)可以用于句中,句首,句尾; such as…and so on7.表陈述事实:In fact 事实上8.表达自己观点:As far as I know / as far as I am concerned ; In my opinion /for my apart ,to tell the truth 说实话;to be honest 诚实地说,generally speaking 通常来说这些短语一般都用于最后一段的开头,用来陈述自己的观点。
初中英语中常用的连词总结连词是连接句子、短语或单词的重要工具,可以使语言更加流畅,表达更加准确。
在初中英语学习中,我们常常使用各种各样的连词。
本文将总结一些常用的连词,帮助同学们更好地理解和运用它们。
1. 并列连词并列连词用于连接并列的词、短语或句子,常见的有"and"、"but"、"or"等。
"And"用于连接相似或相关的内容,表示并列关系。
例如:"I like reading books and playing sports."(我喜欢读书和运动。
)"But"用于连接对比或相反的内容,表示转折关系。
例如:"He is smart but lazy."(他很聪明但很懒。
)"Or"用于表示选择关系,表示两个或多个选项中的一个。
例如:"Do you want an apple or a banana?"(你想要一个苹果还是一个香蕉?)2. 递进连词递进连词用于表示递进关系,常见的有"besides"、"furthermore"、"in addition"等。
"Besides"用于表示除了某事物之外还有其他事物。
例如:"Besides studying, he also enjoys playing basketball."(除了学习,他还喜欢打篮球。
)"Furthermore"用于表示进一步的信息或观点。
例如:"He is not only intelligent but furthermore hardworking."(他不仅聪明,而且还很勤奋。
)"In addition"用于补充相关的信息。
初中英语连词用法归纳大全一、并列连词1. and:表示并列关系,连接同类词、短语或句子。
e.g. I like reading books and watching movies.2. but:表示转折关系,连接相对或前后对比的句子。
e.g. The weather is hot, but I still want to go for a walk.3. or:表示选择关系,连接两个或多个选项。
e.g. Do you want tea or coffee?4. so:表示因果关系,连接原因和结果,也可连接两个并列的句子。
e.g. It was raining, so we stayed at home.5. for:表示原因关系,连接一个原因和结果。
e.g. He failed the exam, for he didn't study hard enough.二、时间连词1. when:表示某个具体的时间点,通常用于连接句子。
e.g. I saw him when I was walking in the park.2. while:表示两个动作在同一时间进行或持续,通常用于连接两个句子。
e.g. She was reading while he was studying.3. after:表示在某个时间点之后,连接两个句子。
e.g. After I finish my homework, I will go out to play.4. before:表示在某个时间点之前,连接两个句子。
e.g. I will go to bed before it gets too late.三、因果连词1. because:表示原因,连接原因和结果。
e.g. He was late for school because his alarm didn't ring.2. since:表示自从某个时间点开始,连接原因和结果。
.英语连接词总结大全(一 )连接词( 1 )表关系或等关系的接:either ⋯or ⋯neither ⋯nororas well as ⋯andboth ⋯and ⋯( 2 )表因果关系或等关系的接:thereforesoas a resultas the result of⋯because ofdue to⋯owing tothanks to( 3 )表序的接:the momentas soon asat firstthenlater. at the beginningin the endbefore longfor the first(second⋯)timethe minute( 4 )表折关系的接:yetand yetbutwhileon the contraryon the other handhoweverat the same time( 5 )表解明的接:that isthat is to sayin other wordssuch asfor instanceand so onetc.and the like( 6 )表关系的接:not only⋯but (also)what's morewhat's worsebesidesin additionworse stillmoreoverabove all( 7 )表示的接:in a wordon the wholein shortbrieflyin briefto sum upin all(二)注意以下过渡词的用法1、表示的at first起初,next接下来,then然后,after that那以后,later后来,soon 不久 ,soon/shortly after⋯⋯之后不久,finally 最后 ,in the end最后,eventually 最 ,at last于 ,lately近来 ,recently 最近 ,since then自从那起,after that那以后 ,in no time不一会儿 ,after a while一会儿 ,afterward后来 ,to begin/start with=in the first place首先、第一点 ,immediately立即、上,meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time在此期、同, until now直到在,suddenly=all of a sudden突然,as a young man当⋯⋯是个年人的候,at the age of⋯在⋯⋯的候,as early as早⋯⋯的候,as soon as一⋯⋯就⋯the other day几天前,early in the morning大清早, after/before dark天黑后 / 前 , one day有一天 ,one afternoon一天下午 , one morning一天早晨2、表示空的to the right/left朝右 / 左on the rinht/left在右 / 左in the middle of在中in front of在前面in the front of在前面at the back of在后面at the bottom of在底部on the edge of在⋯⋯的上on top of在⋯⋯的部opposite to与⋯⋯相close to靠近near to在⋯⋯附近next to与⋯⋯相under垂直在下over垂直在上below在下方above在上方across在⋯⋯的另一. around在周behind在后before在前against靠着、抵着further on再往前3、表示列和序firstsecondthird ⋯finallyfirstlysecondlythirdly ⋯finallyfirst of allnext thenlastlyfor one thing⋯for another⋯at the same timeat firstat last4、表示列for example例如:⋯⋯namely即⋯⋯for instance例如:⋯⋯.that is (to say)也就是such as如⋯⋯take ⋯for example拿⋯⋯来like 像⋯⋯5、表示比或比like 像unlike不像similarly同地in the same way以相同的方式compared to与⋯⋯相比while 而still=nevertheless然而on the contrary正相反different from与⋯⋯不同on (the) one hand⋯on the other hand一方面⋯⋯另一方面in contrast with与⋯⋯成比6、表示增and 而且both ⋯and不但⋯⋯而且not only⋯but also 不但⋯⋯而且as well as不但⋯⋯而且also=besides=furthermore=more over此外、而且in addition并且apart from除了⋯⋯之外.what's more而且、更重要的for another另一方面worse still=what's worse=to make matter worse更糟糕的是including包括7、表示因果because因since 既然as 由于now that既然therefore因此thusso 所以as a result (of)果because of=on account of因thanks to多for this reason由于个原因if so如果if not如果不是8、表示目的for this purposein order to doso as to doso that ⋯in order that⋯.9、表示让步though/althoughno matter+疑问句in spite ofwhatever/however/whoevereven if/ even though10、表示递进或强调besides况且what's more更重要地是thus这样above all首先indeed的确in fact/ as a matter of fact事实上in other words换句话说in that case那样的话or rather更确切地说particularly特别地11、表示转折but但是still然而however然而while而12、表示总结in a/one word简言之、一句话、总之generally speaking一般说来.in short=in a few words简言之in conclusion=lastly最后地on the whole=taking everything into consideration从总体来看、大体上so 所以therefore 因此thus 这样as has been mentioned正如所提到的it is quite clear that很显然there is no doubt that毫无疑问it is well-known that大家都知道as we all know=as is knownto us all 大家都知道as/so far as I know据我所知to sum up=to summarize=in summary总之13 、表示转折话题by the way顺便说I am afraid我恐怕in my opinion依我看来to tell the truth说实话to be honest诚实地说in face 事实上。
英语写作中的常见连接词(一) 连接词(1)表选择关系或对等关系的连接词: either…or…,neither…nor, or, as well as…,and, both…and…。
(2)表因果关系或对等关系的连接词:therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …,because of, due to …,owing to, thanks to等。
(3)表时间顺序的连接词:the mome nt, as soon as, at first, the n, later, mean while, at the beg inning, in the end, before long, for the first (sec on d…)time, the minute 等。
(4)表转折关系的连接词:yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time (然而)等。
(5)表解释说明的连接词:that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instanee, and so on, etc. and the like 等。
(6)表递进关系的连接词:not only …but (also), what's more, what's worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all 等。
(7)表示总结的连接词:in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all 等。
2、be busy doing 忙着做...3、too…to do太 ... 而不能做....4、so+adj./adv. as to do 如. 以致于做5、It takes sb. some time to do sth.花某人... 时间做某事6、sb.spends some time doing sth.某人花... 时间做某事7、It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.某人做某事是....8、It's up to sb. to do sth.应由某人做某事9、sb. have some difficulty/ trouble in doing sth. 某人做某事很费劲10、T he more…the more… 越 ... 越...11、I t's no good/use doing sth.做某事没好处/用处。
12、s b.can do nothing but do sth.=have no choice but to do 别无他法,只能做某事13、T here be/lie/stand/live …有.....14、b e about to do sth. when… 正要做某事这时...15、I t was not long before … 不久就 ...It will not be long before … 要不了多久就.....16、I t is+ 一段时间+since… 自……以来,有……时间了17、I t is said that … 据说...18、n ot…until/till …直到 .... 才19、祈使句+an d/or+分句(将来时)20、主语+fin d/c on sider/th in k+it+ 形容词或名词+不定式21、s o+adj./adv.+that 如此.. 以致于such+n.+that …22、w hy not do sth为什么不做.... 呢?why do sth.为何做.... ?23、主语+hit/strike/beat/touch/grasp/seize/catch …+sb.介词+the+表示身体部位的名词24、I t's time to do sth./ It , s time+sb.did sth.到做某事的时间了25、s b. devote oneself/one's life to sth./doing.致力于做某事26、I t happened that,…/sb.happened to do sth.碰巧....27、I t is/ was+ 被强调部分+that/who …28、I don't think/believee/suppose/expect+that 从句否定前移29、w ould like to do 愿做某事feel like doing 想做某事had better (not) do sth 最好(不)做某事would rather do 宁愿做....30、There is no doing sth.没必要做 ...31、主语+have no idea+从句不知道....32、I doubt whether+ 从句我怀疑...I don't doubt that+从句我不怀疑....33、no matter when/where/what/who/whether/how+ 从句+ 主句无论...34、what/who/where/when…do you think… 你认为什么/谁/哪里/什么时候35、used to do过去常做某事be used to doing习惯于做某事as soon as…从句+主句36、the moment …一 .... 就...immediately37、no soon er…tha n/hardly …whe n —..... 就 ..38、It is possible/probable/likely that … 可能....39、Do you mind if I do?/Would you mind if I did? 我做某事你介意吗?40、wish sb.+n./abj 祝愿某人....1、表示时间的af first 起初next接下来then然后after that那以后later后来soon不久soon /shortly after 之后不久fin ally 最后in the end 最后eventually 最终at last终于lately近来recently 最近since then自从那时起after that那以后after a while 一会儿afterward 后来in no time 不一会儿to begi n/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点immediately 立即、马上meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time 在此期间、同时earlier, until now 直至U现在suddenly=all of a sudden 突然as a young man 当....... 是个年轻人的时候at the age of… 在... 岁的时候as early as 早.. 的时候as soon as 一.. 就....before, the other day 几天前early in the morning 大清早after/before dark 天黑后/前one day 有一天one after noon —天下午one morning 一天早晨2、表示空间的to the right/left 朝右/左on the rinht/left 在右/左边in the middle of 在中间in front of 在前面in the front of 在前面at the back of 在后面at the bottom of 在底部on the edge of 在的边上on top of在.... 的顶部opposite to 与.... 相对close to 靠近n ear to在... 附近next to与.... 相邻under 垂直在下over 垂直在上below 在下方above 在上方across 在.... 的另一边around 在周围behind 在后before 在前against 靠着、抵着further on 再往前3、表示列举和时序first, sec ond, third …fin ally firstly, sec on dly, thirdly …fin ally first of all, next then, lastly for one thing …for another … at the same time at first at last4、表示列举for example 例如:…… namely 即…… for instance 例如:…… that is (to say) 也就是说such as 如…… take…for example 拿....................... 来说like 像……5、表示比较或对比like 像unlike 不像similarly 同样地in the same way 以相同的方式compared to 与……相比while 而still=nevertheless 然而on the contrary 正相反different from 与..... 不同on (the) one han d …on the other hand —方面.. 另一方面in contrast with 与... 成对比6、表示增补and 而且both…and不但 ... 而且not only…but also 不但.... 而且as well as 不但……而且also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且in addition 并且apart from 除了……之外what's more 而且、更重要的for another 另一方面worse still=what's worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是including 包括7、表示因果because 因为since 既然as 由于now that 既然therefore 因此thus 这样so 所以as a result (of) 结果because of=on account of 因为thanks to 多亏、由于for this reason 由于这个原因if so 如果这样if not 如果不是这样8、表示目的for this purposein order to doso as to doso that …in order that …9、表示让步though/althoughno matter+ 疑问句in spite ofwhatever/however/whoevereven if/ even though10、表示递进或强调besides 况且what's more 更重要地是thus 这样above all 首先indeed 的确in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上in other words 换句话说in that case 那样的话or rather 更确切地说particularly 特别地11、表示转折but 但是still 然而however 然而while 而12、表示总结in a/one word 简言之、一句话、总之generally speaking 一般说来in short=in a few words 简言之inconclusion=lastly 最后地on the whole=taking everything into consideration 从总体来看、大体上so 所以therefore 因此thus 这样as has been mentioned 正如所提到的it is quite clear that 很显然there is no doubt that 毫无疑问it is well-known that 大家都知道as we all know=as is known to us all 大家都知道as/so far as I know 据我所知to sum up=to summarize=in summary 总之13、表示转折话题by the way 顺便说I am afraid 我恐怕in my opinion 依我看来to tell the truth 说实话to be honest 诚实地说in face 事实上。