A De-Embedding tech for S parameter measurement

A SINGLE PC SOLUTION FOR RAPID CONTROL PROTOTYPING IN WINDOWS ®.QUARC generates real-time code directly from Simulink®-designed controllers and runs the generated code in real-time on the Windows® target - all on the same PC. The Data Acquisition Card seamlessly interfaces with Simulink® using Hardware-in-the-loop blocks provided in the QUARC T argets Library.SPLIT SECOND CONTROL DESIGN – A DECADE IN ThE MAkINGQUARC was built on the legacy of WinCon, the first real-time software to run Simulink®-generated code in Windows®. QUARC seamlessly integrates with Simulink® and redefines the traditional design-to-implementation interface toolset. Just click a button to enjoy more functionality and development flexibility, all geared towards improved real-time performance. Academics havesuccessfully deployed many advanced control and mechatronic systems, ranging from intelligent unmanned systems to force-feedback-enabled virtual reality.ADVANCEDINDUSTRIAL R&DACADEMIA INDUSTRYFOUR USES OF QUARCCONTROLS EDUCATION INNOVATIVERESEARCH GRADUATE-LEVEL EXPLORATION Enhance your engineering courses with industry- relevant hands-on learning Explore practical solutions for real-life challenges with a synergistic approachConduct ground-breaking research in emerging areas such as Unmanned Vehicle Systems and hapticsFast track time-to-market with an affordable rapid control prototyping solutionChoosing software for control system design andimplementation is critical for timely, successful research and development. Quanser knows this because we’ve pioneered control engineering for over 20 years. That’s why we created QUARC – a powerful rapid control prototyping tool that significantly accelerates control design and implementation. initially designed for industrial demands, QUARC is nonetheless ideal foradvanced research, masters-level, and evenundergraduate, teaching. QUARC is an integral part of all Quanser control lab workstations and is used all over the world by thousands of educational institutions and organizations, including the Canadian Space Agency and Defense Research and Development Canada. Discover what QUARC can help you achieve in less time and effort than you might be spending now.ACCELERATE CONTROLS EDUCATIONQUARC is an ideal tool to teach control concepts. It allows students to draw a controller, generate code and run it - all without Digital Signal Processing or without writing a single line of code. The capabilities of this powerful yet adaptable software are emphasized by the comprehensive curriculum that accompanies Quanser’s control lab equipment. The supplied Instructor and Student Workbooks feature lab exercises and projects based on Simulink®. They help focus students’ efforts on key control concepts rather than tedious code writing. The curriculum is developed by engineers for engineers to effectively demonstrate and teach the mechatronic design approach practised in industry. This includes modeling, controller design, simulation and implementation. An excellent low-cost rapid control prototyping system, QUARC is being usedby thousands of institutions worldwide. It is an effective and efficient teaching tool for undergraduate and graduate-level courses in classical and modern control theory.hOW QUARC FUSES MULTIPLEENGINEERING COURSESThe Integrated Learning Centre at Queen’s University fuses all engineering disciplines into one modern lab. Quanser’s workstations, featuring a wide range of modular Quanser experiments, are used here to teach introductory, intermediate and advanced controls. QUARC software is an integral part of all those workstations. An economical approach to outfitting a lab, it also keeps students motivated, providing access to even more hands-on learning.CONTROLS EDUCATIONis done, allowing the studentsto focus more on the controldesign theory and less on theworkings of MATLABSimulink, thus improvingthe learning experience.”Dr. Wen-Hua Chen,Loughborough University,United KingdomThis Flexible Link module furtherexpands your topics of study withthe SRV02 workstation.All on a Single PCQUARC provides a single PC solution for rapid control prototypingin Windows XP® or Vista®. It generates real-time code directly fromSimulink®-designed controllers – but for the same PC. This single PCSolution for rapid control prototyping significantly accelerates controldesign and implementation. This helps students focus on theimportant aspects of the control design process and completeproject-based assignments successfully.Simple. Intuitive.QUARC user interfaces are easy to understand without training.For example, QUARC’s “external mode” communications allow theSimulink® diagram to communicate with real-time code generatedfrom the model. Tune parameters of the running model by changingblock parameters in the Simulink® diagram. Want to view the statusof a signal in the model? Simply open a Simulink® Scope (or any otherSink in the diagram) while the model runs on the target. Furthermore,data can be streamed to the MATLAB® workspace or to a file on diskfor off-line analysis.Low MaintenanceQUARC streamlines the process of maintaining and servicing a laboratorywithout sacrificing system performance or an excessive amount of yourstaff’s time. The extremely flexible host-target structure allows QUARC usersto maximize limited resources (i.e. PC, laptop and hardware) with minimaleffort or cost. Host (control design environment) and target (platformwhich executes the real-time code) can be on separate computers yet stillcommunicate through a network connection. QUARC can sustain anypossible multi-configuration. Ask about License Server Architecture.The Integrated Learning Center, Queen’s University, Canada.BRING ThEORIES TO LIFEWhether you’re exploring emerging technologies or transforming knowledge into solutions for real-world challenges, count on Quanser to help you achieve your research goals. The power of QUARC software combined with Quanser’s innovative plants can helpresearchers test their theories in real-time, on real hardware. QUARC seamlessly integrates with Quanser’s research platforms toimplement virtually any control algorithm. Combine QUARC with Quanser’s multi-function Data Acquisition card and plants to create a self-contained control workstation ideal for advanced research. Use it to design, simulate, implement, and test a variety of time-varyingsystems: communications, controls, signal processing, video processing, and image processing.All this is achievable quickly , easily and affordably because the workstation is a fully integrated, open-architecture solution.The set-up pictured below shows a 3 DOF Gyroscope workstation as one example of a Quanser workstation for high level research. This typical configuration entails: • P lant • Amplifier• Data Acquisition Card • Virtual Plant Simulation• Rapid Control Prototyping Design Software • Pre-designed ControllersFor more information about the Quanser’s research platformsplease visit /MCC.14323 DOF GYROSCOPEFeaturing three Degrees Of Freedom (DOF), this dynamically diverse experimental platform is ideal for teaching rotational dynamic challenges.DATA ACQUISITION CARDMeasure and command real-time signals with high I/Osampling period. QUARC supports a wide range of Quanser and National Instruments data acquisition cards. For a complete list please visit /QUARC.AMPLIFIER AMPAQQuanser’s multi-channel linear current amplifier is ideal forprecision controls. The AMPAQ connects to the DAQ terminal board and is connected to the 3-DOF Gyroscope with its easy-connect cables.SOFTWARE TO ACCELERATE DESIGN3-DOF Gyroscope models are designed to run in real-time with QUARC ® software, which integrates seamlessly withMATLAB ®/Simulink ®.“Using Quanser’s software, we can easily design control systems for many plants. We can apply complex control strategies quickly and effectively - and it is very easy to verify theory on the real plant.”Kenichi yano,Associate Professor, Gifu University , JapanEFFORTLESS INTEGRATION FOR MEChATRONIC RESEARChQUARC is a powerful, flexible mechatronic integration tool, providing time-saving and simple solutions to those unique challenges encountered when you’re developing mechatronic systems. Whether you have custom-made research platforms or use manufactured equipment, QUARC is the only software that makes it easy to interface with all of them. QUARC offers a suite of third-party device blocks which help researchers seamlessly interface and control KUKA robots, PGR cameras and SensAble® PHANTOM devices, to name a few. These blocks not only allow a Simulink® model to communicate with external devices but also implement the mathematical framework for controlling them. All this is possible without the need to learn new tools or hand coding since the controller design and integration is performed in an environment most researchers are familiar with, such as Windows®, MATLAB®, Simulink®.“QUARC’s support of TCP/IP has been a tremendous help for our research. It allowed us to develop a distributed sensing system that isn’t dependent on expensive I/O hardware or DAQ boards. Further, this allows for safety-critical redundancy when we aredoing vehicle control tests.”Sean Brennan,Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering,Pennsylvania State University , USAQUARC OFFERS OVER 10 BLOCKSETSThe table provides an overview. At a glance,you can see specific research applications, unique attributes and technical specifications.Now you can enjoy greater flexibility whenimplementing control schemes. QUARC expands the possibilities for complex control design by:multiple operating Systems Support.QUARC is designed so that code could be generated for multipleoperating systems and hardware platforms while maintaining a common, seamless and easy-to-use interface. Simulink® models can run in real-time on a variety of targets - a target being acombination of operating system and processor for which QUARC generates code from a Simulink® diagram. Targets includeWindows® and QNX®. The number of targets QUARC supports is continually increasing.Support for Communications.The QUARC Stream API offers a flexible and protocol-independent communications framework. Conduct standard communication between QUARC models and more: between a QUARC model and an external third-party application (e.g., graphical userinterface) or even between two external third-party applications. The Stream API is independent of the development environment and can be used in C/C++, .NET, MATLAB®, LabVIEW TM , etc. The Stream API enables the communication between multiple real-time model over the internet. This could be used for distributed control, teleoperation, device interfacing, etc. The stream API natively supports the following protocols: TCP/IP, UDP, serial, shared memory , named pipes, ARCNET, and more.For demos and tutorials on QUARC’s communication capabilities request a free trial of QUARC at /QUARC.increasing number of Blocksets.The number of interfaces QUARC supports is continuallyincreasing over time to ensure easy integration with recent and popular third-party devices. Here are a few more examples: • Nintendo Wiimote• Q bot- An Unmanned Ground Vehicle based on iRobot Create®• Schunk Grippers• SparkFun Electronics SerAccelGet an updated list of interfaces supported by QUARC at /QUARC/blocksetsDESCRIPTIONUsing the KUKA Robot Blockset you can control any KUKA robot equipped with RSI (Robot SensorInterface) through the interactive Simulink® environment without tedious hand coding and cumbersome hardware interfacing.This blockset is not included in the standard QUARC license and is sold separately.The Point Grey Research (PGR) Blockset is used to acquire images from some of the Point Grey Research cameras. QUARC also provides image processing blocksets that can be used to find objects of a given color within a source image or convert images from one format to another.This blockset is included in the standard QUARC license.The Wiimote (Wii Remote) block reads the state of the Wiimote and outputs the button, acceleration, and Infra Red (IR) camera information. Using this blockset you can easily interface the Wiimote into the controller. This blockset is included in the standard QUARC license.The Novint Falcon Blockset is used for implementing control algorithms for the Falcon haptic device. Using the Blockset significantly simplifies the task of designing controllers for the Falcon.This blockset is included in the standard Quarc license.TEChNICAL CAPABILITIES AND SPECIFICATIONS• E nables the deployment of real-time executables with GUI • S upport for setting and getting values (e.g., knobs, displays, scopes, and other inputs and outputs)Supported devices:• SensAble PHANTOM Omni • SensAble PHANTOM Desktop • SensAble PHANTOM Premium• SensAble PHANTOM Premium 6DOF Data provided as output,• GPS position (latitude, longitude, altitude)• Number of visible satellites (dilution of precision data)• Accuracy information (dilution of precision – DOP)Typical accuracy 1-3m (WAAS)SUGGESTED RESEARCh APPLICATIONS• GUI Design (e.g. Cockpit)• Force feedback virtual reality• Haptically-enabled medical simulations • Teleoperation• Precise robotic manipulation• Image-based control and localization • Autonomous navigation and control • Fault detection• Image-based control and localization• Autonomous navigation and control • Image recognition • Mapping• Obstacle detection and avoidance • Visual servoing and tracking • Vision feedback• Teleoperation• Robotic manipulation• Force feedback virtual reality• Haptically enabled medical simulations • Teleoperation• Localization• Autonomous navigation and control• M ission reconfiguration(e.g., for Unmanned Vehicle Systems)• Fault recovery • Safety watchdogDYNAMICRECONFIGURATIONkUkA ROBOT ALTIASENSABLEPhANTOM ® SERIESVISUALIzATIONPGR CAMERASWII REMOTENOVINT FALCONGPSNATURAL POINTOPTITRACkThe PHANTOM® Blockset lets you control the series of PHANTOM® haptic devices via Simulink®. For added flexibility researchers can combine the Phantom Blockset and Visualization Blockset to enjoy seamless haptics rendering of virtual environments.This blockset is not included in the standard QUARC license and is sold separately.The Visualization Blockset creates 3D visualizations of simulations or actual hardware in real-time. By combining meshes and textures, you can create objects to seamlessly integrate high-performance graphics with real-time controllers. Comprehensive documentation and examples along with additional content are provided to help new users get started and master this blockset quickly. QUARC Visualization blockset is used in the Virtual Plant Simulation of selected Quanser plants such as SRVO2 and Active Suspension. This blockset is included in the standard QUARC license.• Y coordinates of up to four IR points detected by the wiimote IR camera. Valid values range from 0 to 767 inclusive.• A compatible Bluetooth device must be installed on the PC• A bility to command either Cartesian or joint velocity set points • A bility to measure the Cartesian positions, joint angles and joint torques • A bility to set either Cartesian or the joint minimum and maximum velocity limits • K UKA built-in safety checks are still enabled for safe operation• S end forces and torques in Cartesian or joint space • Read encoder values, position, and joint angles• Send commands in two different work spaces to the Phantom device • T he block outputs the gimbal angles of the device plus the values associated with the buttons and the 7 DOF available on the device (thumb-pad or scissors)• R emotely connect to a visualization server with multiple clients • N o interference with the operation of your real-time controller• Plugins provided for Blender and Autodesk’s 3ds Max 2008, 2009 and 2010• S et different material properties such as diffuse color, opacity , specular color, shininess, and emissivity.• T exture map support for png, jpg, tiff, and bmp.• X 3D support• C onfigurable mouse and keyboard interface for manually navigating around the environment • P erformance far exceeds TMW’s Virtual Reality toolbox• U p to 16 cameras can be connected and configured for single or multiple capture volumes • C apture areass up to 400 square feet • S ingle point tracking for up to 80 markers, or 10 rigid-body objects • T ypical calibration time is under 5 minutes • P osition accuracy on the order of mm under typical conditions• U SB 2.0 connectivity to ground station PC• U p to 100 fps tracking• S upport for Draganflyer 2 HI-COL and the FireflyMV • F rame rate selection from 7.5 fps to 60 fps • R esolutions from 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768, • C olor or grayscale, and custom image (subimage) sizes supported for faster framerates• C ontinuity of states between the model being switched-out and the model being switched-in, as a necessary condition to the system stability • S witching within one sampling interval, as a necessary condition to the system stability • D ynamic reconfiguration can be triggered either automatically (e.g., from a supervisory model) or manually• D ynamic Reconfiguration can be triggered either locally or remotely (i.e., on a remote target)The OptiTrack Blockset allows motion capture and tracking by using 3 or more synchronized infrared (IR) cameras that capture images containing reflective markers within a workspace. The blockset can be used to track either individual markers or rigid bodies. This Blockset makes it easy to conduct vision-based control experiments in real-time, especially for objects that were previously difficult to track, such as indoor autonomous vehicles.This blockset is not included in the standard QUARC license and is sold separately.The GPS Blockset allows GPS receivers to be easily accessed, thereby adding GPS localization to an experimentalplatform. This Blockset integrates with Ublox GPS devices as well as NMEA compliant GPS devices. This blockset is not included in the standard Quarc license and is sold separately.The Altia Design Blockset enables the user to interact with the real-time code from Altia GUIs. Unlike theMATLAB® GUIs, MATLAB® and Simulink® are not required when using Altia GUIs. This blockset gives you the tools you need to generate complete production systems without writing a single line of code. This blockset is included in the standard QUARC license.The Dynamic Reconfiguration Blockset lets you dynamically switch models on the target machine within a sampling interval. A running model may be replaced with another model while ensuring continuity of states between both with no interruptions (i.e. no skipped sample). For a demo and tutorial on the Dynamic Reconfiguration blockset request a free trial of QUARC at /QUARC.This blockset is not included in the standard QUARC license and is sold separately.Data provided as output:• P osition: X, Y, and Z position in Cartesian coordinates• Button information: Whether a button is currently pressed or not • F orce: X, Y, and Z forces applied by the Falcon end-effectormodel 1model 2* Please note that prices for blocksets may vary. For more information or to request a quote please contact sales@.• Payload 5 kg • Number of axes 6• Repeatability <±0.02 mm • Weight 28 kg• Mounting positions floor or ceiling • Controller KR C2sr • Max speed 8.2 m/sData provided as output:• X, Y, and Z axis accelerations • Button states • X coordinates of up to four IR points detected by the wiimote IR camera. Valid values range from 0 to 1023 inclusive• S upport for setting values (i.e. Meters and other outputs)• F eatures the Quanser Plot library for AltiaBLOCkSET* • Virtual reality rendering• Game and medical simulation• Simulation of mechanical components • Data fusion • R eal-time status displays of physical hardware• Virtual cockpit for aerial vehicles REQUEST A FREE 30 DAY TRIAL OF QUARC TODAY. VISIT /QUARC• Robotic manipulation • Teleoperation“The Host Computer System for the Challenging Environment Assessment Laboratory (CEAL) at the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (TRI) was developed using Quanser’s QU ARC real-time software. The power of QU ARC, with Quanser’s engineering support, enabled TRI to create a flexible developmentenvironment for researchers to implement sophisticated real-time experiments, using a large-scale 11-ton, 6-DOF motion platform and high-performance audio-visual rendering systems”Dr. Geoff Fernie , Vice President, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, CanadaQUARC ACCELERATES MEChATRONIC DEVELOPMENT WITh RAPID CONTROL PROTOTYPINGQUARC is a powerful Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP) platform that meets industrial research and development demands. This robust software helps manage the increasing complexity of controlengineers’ tasks and accelerates their ability to test control strategies. Generating countless iterations of Simulink® control designsbecomes almost effortless - a block diagram design is automatically implemented on the system and computed in real time, eliminating the need for manual coding. This RCP platform is adaptable to virtually any mechatronic interfaces and scalable for complex multi-input and multi-output systems.Affordable Industrial-Grade PerformanceFor a fraction of the cost of comparable systems, Research and Development engineers can convert a PC into a powerful platform for control system development and deployment. When combined with a Quanser Power Amplifier and a Quanser Data Acquisition Card, QUARC software provides an ideal rapid prototyping and hardware-in-the-loop development environment. QUARC is also compatible with a wide range of commercially available data acquisition cards, including National Instruments boards.QUARC evolved from experience with its predecessor WinCon.The Canadian Space Agency played an intricate role in defining and confirming many of the features of QUARC. This was done in the context of their micro-satellite development program on an early stage prototype. It has since been adopted by industries requiring the latest in performance and development flexibility such as the Aerospace, Defence and Medical device industries.QUARC capabilities and features are designed to optimize the RCP process. Below are a few samples of such features.• F lexible and extensible communications blocks configurablefor real-time TCP/IP, UDP, serial, shared memory and other protocols • P erformance Diagnostics • R TW Code Optimization support • M odularity and incremental builds via model referencing • C ontrol of thread priorities and CPU affinity • A synchronous execution (e.g., ideal for efficient communication) • R un any number of models on one target – or simultaneously on multiple targets • S elf-booting models for embedded targets• E xternal Hardware-In-the-Loop card and communication interfacing provided in C/C++, MATLAB®, LabVIEW TM , and .NET languages • M ultiprocessor (SMP) support, e.g., on a quad-core Windows target QUARC models can take advantage of all four cores. • S imulink® 3D Animation (formerly known as Virtual Reality) Toolbox support• A bility to interface with MATLAB® GUIs, LabVIEW TM panels, and Altia“We have been using Quanser’s QU ARC software to do real-time robot control. QU ARC enables fast and easy prototyping of control algorithms with hardware in the loop and has been an invaluable tool for algorithm development, simulation, and verification.”Paul Bosscher, Harris Corporation, USAChallenging environment AssessmentLaboratory (CeAL) will be one of the most advanced rehabilitation research facilities in the world.INNO VATE, RESEARCHAND EXPLOIT KNOWLEDGE.QU ANSERCONSULTING SOFTWAREHARDWAREPlantDAQAmplifierQUARC®: A POWERFUL ENGINEFOR ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTSThree issues challenge university engineering departments everywhere: teaching, research and budget. One solution resolves them: QUARC software from Quanser!For T eaching: Created by engineers for engineers, QUARC is an excellent low-cost rapid control prototyping system. Working seamlessly with Simulink®, QUARC helps students put ideas andtheory into practice sooner. Plus curriculum is offered to help educators focus on what matters most. With more hands-on learning, undergraduate and graduate students alike are captivated and motivated to study further.For Research: Originally designed for industrial use, QUARC is idealfor advanced research. From the precise control of surgical robots to unmanned air vehicles and beyond, ideas can be tested in real-time- even ideas that are out of this world. Small wonder our client list includes NASA, the Canadian Space Agency and thousands of universities and colleges. (Look on your left.)For your department’s budget: QUARC seamlessly integrates over80 Quanser experiments - from introductory to very advanced. These are modular by design and maximize efficiencies, offering multiple uses for one workstation. Academics ourselves, Quanser appreciates your need for careful budgeting. So QUARC is competitively pricedand available with single- or multiple-user licenses.Learn more at /QUARCProducts and/or services pictured and referred to herein and their accompanying specifications may be subject to change without notice. Products and/or services mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of Quanser Inc. and/or its affiliates. Other product and company names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.©2010 Quanser Inc. All rights reserved. Rev 2.0。

S参数测量是射频设计过程中的基本手段之一。

S参数将元件描述成一个黑盒子，并被用来模拟电子元件在不同频率下的行为。

在有源和无源电路设计和分析中经常会用到S参数。

S参数是RF工程师/SI工程师必须掌握的内容，业界已有多位大师写过关于S参数的文章，即便如此，在相关领域打滚多年的人，可能还是会被一些问题困扰着。

你懂S参数吗? 请继续往下看...台湾同行图文独特讲解！1、简介：从时域与频域评估传输线特性良好的传输线，讯号从一个点传送到另一点的失真(扭曲)，必须在一个可接受的程度内。

而如何去衡量传输线互连对讯号的影响，可分别从时域与频域的角度观察。

S参数即是频域特性的观察，其中"S"意指"Scatter"，与Y或Z参数，同属双端口网络系统的参数表示。

S参数是在传输线两端有终端的条件下定义出来的，一般这Zo=50奥姆，因为V NA port也是50奥姆终端。

所以，reference impedance of port的定义不同时，S参数值也不同，即S参数是基于一指定的port Zo条件下所得到的。

2. 看一条线的特性：S11、S21看一条线的特性：S11、S21如下图所示，假设port1是讯号输入端，port2是讯号输出端S11表示在port 1量反射损失(return loss)，主要是观测发送端看到多大的的讯号反射成份；值越接近0越好(越低越好，一般-25~-40dB)，表示传递过程反射(reflection)越小，也称为输入反射系数(Input Reflection Coefficient)。

S21表示讯号从port 1传递到port 2过程的馈入损失(insertion loss)，主要是观测接收端的讯号剩多少；值越接近1越好(0dB)，表示传递过程损失(loss)越小，也称为顺向穿透系数(Forward Transmission Coefficient)。

3、看两条线的相互关系：S31、S41虽然没有硬性规定1、2、3、4分别要标示在线哪一端，但[Eric Bogatin大师]建议奇数端放左边，且一般表示两条线以上cross-talk交互影响时，才会用到S31。

Java基础常见英语词汇(共70个) ['ɔbdʒekt]['ɔ:rientid]导向的['prəʊɡræmɪŋ]编程OO: object-oriented ,面向对象OOP: object-oriented programming,面向对象编程[dɪ'veləpmənt][kɪt]工具箱['vɜːtjʊəl]虚拟的JDK:Java development kit, java开发工具包JVM:java virtual machine ,java虚拟机['dʒɑːvə][mə'ʃiːn]机器[kəm'paɪl]Compile:编绎Run:运行['veərɪəb(ə)l] [ɒpə'reɪʃ(ə)n] [pə'ræmɪtə]variable:变量operation:操作,运算parameter:参数['fʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n]function:函数member-variable:成员变量member-function:成员函数[dɪ'fɔːlt] ['ækses] ['pækɪdʒ] [ɪm'pɔːt] ['stætɪk]default:默认access:访问package:包import:导入static:静态的[vɔid] ['peər(ə)nt] [beɪs] ['sjuːpə]void:无(返回类型) parent class:父类base class:基类super class:超类[tʃaɪld] [di'raivd] [əʊvə'raɪd] [əʊvə'ləʊd] child class:子类derived class:派生类override:重写,覆盖overload:重载['faɪn(ə)l] ['ɪmplɪm(ə)nts]final:最终的,不能改变的implements:实现[rʌn'taim] [æriθ'metik][ik'sepʃən]Runtime:运行时ArithmeticException:算术异常[ə'rei]['indeks] [baundz][ik'sepʃən] [nʌl] ['pɔintə]指针ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException:数组下标越界异常Null Pointer Exception:空引用异常ClassNotFoundException:类没有发现异常['nʌmbə]['fɔ:mæt]NumberFormatException:数字格式异常(字符串不能转化为数字)[θrəuz]Throws: (投掷)表示强制异常处理Throwable:(可抛出的)表示所有异常类的祖先类[læŋ]['læŋɡwidʒ][ju'til] [,dis'plei] [ə'rei] [list]Lang:language,语言Util:工具Display:显示ArrayList:(数组列表)表示动态数组[hæʃ][mæp]HashMap: 散列表,哈希表[swiŋ] ['æbstrækt] ['windəu] ['tu:lkit]Swing:轻巧的Awt:abstract window toolkit:抽象窗口工具包[freim] ['pænl] ['leiaut] [skrəul] ['və:tikəl] Frame:窗体Panel:面板Layout:布局Scroll:滚动Vertical:垂直['hɔri'zɔntəl] ['leibl] [tekst] ['fi:ld]Horizontal:水平Label:标签TextField:文本框['εəriə] ['bʌtən] [tʃek] [bɔks]TextArea:文本域Button:按钮Checkbox:复选框['reidiəu] ['kɔmbəu] ['lisənə]Radiobutton:单选按钮Combobox:复选框Listener:监听['bɔ:də] [fləu] [ɡrid] ['menju:] [bɑ:]Border:边界Flow:流Grid:网格MenuBar:菜单栏['menju:] ['aitəm] ['pɔpʌp]Menu:菜单MenuItem:菜单项PopupMenu:弹出菜单['daiəlɔɡ] ['mesidʒ] ['aikɔn] [nəud]Dialog:对话框Message:消息Icon:图标Node:节点['dʒa:və]['deitəbeis] [,kɔnek'tivəti]Jdbc:java database connectivity ：java数据库连接[draivə] ['mænidʒə] [kə'nekʃən] ['steitmənt]DriverManager:驱动管理器Connection:连接Statement:表示执行对象[pri'peəd] [ri'zʌlt]Preparedstatement:表示预执行对象Resultset:结果集['eksikju:t] ['kwiəri]executeQuery:执行查询334157810 这群每日java技术免费分享定期java资料更新Jbuilder中常用英文(共33个)[kləuz] [ik'sept] [peinz]Close all except…:除了..全部关闭Panes:面板组[bi:n] ['prɔpətiz] [meik] [bild] [,ri:'bild]Bean:豆子Properties:属性Make:编绎Build:编绎Rebuild:重编绎[ri'freʃ] ['prɔdʒekt] [di'fɔ:lt]Refresh:刷新Project properties:项目属性Default project properties:默认的项目属性[di:'bʌɡ] ['prefərənsiz] [kən'fiɡə] ['laibrəriz] Debug:调试Preferences:参数配置Configure:配置Libraries:库JSP中常用英文[,ju:ni'və:səl] [ri'sɔ:s] [ləu'keiʃən]URL: Universal Resource Location:统一资源定位符['intənet] [ik'splɔ:rə] ['dʒa:və] ['sə:və] [peidʒ]IE: Internet Explorer 因特网浏览器JSP: java server page：java服务器页面['mɔdəl] [kən'trəulə] ['tɔmkæt]Model:模型C:controller:控制器Tomcat:一种jsp的web服务器['mɔdju:l] ['sə:vlet][i'niʃəlaiz] ['sta:tʌp] WebModule:web模块Servlet:小服务程序Init: initialize,初始化Startup:启动['mæpiŋ][pə'ræmitə] ['seʃən] [,æpli'keiʃən] Mapping:映射Getparameter:获取参数Session:会话Application:应用程序['kɔntekst] [,ri:di'rekt] [dis'pætʃ] ['fɔ:wəd]Context:上下文redirect:重定向dispatch:分发forward:转交['ætribju:t] ['kɔntent] [taip]setattribute:设置属性getattribute:获取属性contentType:内容类型[tʃɑ:] [in'klu:d] [tæɡ][lib]charset:字符集include:包含tag:标签taglib:标签库[ik'spreʃən] ['læŋɡwidʒ][skəup] ['empti] EL:expression language,表达式语言Scope:作用域Empty:空['stændəd][tæɡ] ['laibrəri]JSTL:java standard tag library ：java标准标签库[di'skripʃən] [kɔ:]TLD:taglib description,标签库描述符Core:核心Foreach:表示循环[va:(r)] ['vεəriəbl] ['steitəs] ['aitəm]Var:variable,变量Status:状态Items:项目集合['fɔ:mæt] [filtə]Fmt:format,格式化Filter:过滤器334157810 这群每日java技术免费分享定期java资料更新(报错英文['strʌktʃəz]Data Structures 基本数据结构['dikʃənəriz]Dictionaries 字典[prai'ɔrəti] [kju:z]Priority Queues 堆[ɡrɑ:f] ['deɪtə] ['strʌktʃəz]Graph Data Structures 图[set] ['deɪtə]['strʌktʃəz]Set Data Structures 集合[tri:s]Kd-Trees 线段树[nju:'merikəl] ['prɔ:bləms]Numerical Problems 数值问题[sɔlviŋ] ['liniə] [i'kweiʃənz]Solving Linear Equations 线性方程组['bændwidθ] [ri'dʌkʃən]Bandwidth Reduction 带宽压缩['meitriks] [,mʌltipli'keiʃən]Matrix Multiplication 矩阵乘法[di'tə:minənt] ['pə:mənənt]Determinants and Permanents 行列式[kən'streind] [ʌnkən'streɪnd] [,ɔptimai'zeiʃən]Constrained and Unconstrained Optimization 最值问题['liniə] ['prəuɡræmiŋ]Linear Programming 线性规划['rændəm] ['nʌmbə] [,dʒenə'reiʃən]Random Number Generation 随机数生成['fæktərɪŋ] [prai'mæləti] ['testɪŋ]Factoring and Primality Testing 因子分解/质数判定['ɑːbɪtrərɪ][prɪ'sɪʒən][ə'rɪθmətɪk]Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic 高精度计算['næpsæk] ['prɒbləm]Knapsack Problem 背包问题[dɪ'skriːt] ['fʊriər][træns'fɔːm]Discrete Fourier Transform 离散Fourier变换Combinatorial Problems 组合问题Median and Selection 中位数Generating Permutations 排列生成Generating Subsets 子集生成Generating Partitions 划分生成Generating Graphs 图的生成Calendrical Calculations 日期Job Scheduling 工程安排Satisfiability 可满足性Graph Problems -- polynomial 图论-多项式算法Connected Components 连通分支Topological Sorting 拓扑排序Minimum Spanning Tree 最小生成树Shortest Path 最短路径Transitive Closure and Reduction 传递闭包Matching 匹配Eulerian Cycle / Chinese Postman Euler回路/中国邮路Edge and Vertex Connectivity 割边/割点Network Flow 网络流Drawing Graphs Nicely 图的描绘Drawing Trees 树的描绘Planarity Detection and Embedding 平面性检测和嵌入Graph Problems -- hard 图论-NP问题Clique 最大团Independent Set 独立集Vertex Cover 点覆盖Traveling Salesman Problem 旅行商问题Hamiltonian Cycle Hamilton回路Graph Partition 图的划分Vertex Coloring 点染色Edge Coloring 边染色Graph Isomorphism 同构Steiner Tree Steiner树Feedback Edge/Vertex Set 最大无环子图Computational Geometry 计算几何Convex Hull 凸包Triangulation 三角剖分V oronoi Diagrams V oronoi图Nearest Neighbor Search 最近点对查询Range Search 范围查询Point Location 位置查询Intersection Detection 碰撞测试Bin Packing 装箱问题Medial-Axis Transformation 中轴变换Polygon Partitioning 多边形分割Simplifying Polygons 多边形化简Shape Similarity 相似多边形Motion Planning 运动规划Maintaining Line Arrangements 平面分割Minkowski Sum Minkowski和Set and String Problems 集合与串的问题Set Cover 集合覆盖Set Packing 集合配置String Matching 模式匹配Approximate String Matching 模糊匹配Text Compression 压缩Cryptography 密码Finite State Machine Minimization 有穷自动机简化Longest Common Substring 最长公共子串Shortest Common Superstring 最短公共父串DP——Dynamic Programming——动态规划recursion ——递归)报错英文第一章：JDK(Java Development Kit) java开发工具包JVM(Java Virtual Machine) java虚拟机Javac 编译命令java 解释命令Javadoc 生成java文档命令classpath 类路径Version 版本static 静态的String 字符串类334157810 这群每日java技术免费分享定期java资料更新JIT(just-in-time) 及时处理第二章：第三章：OOP object oriented programming 面向对象编程Object 对象Class 类Class member 类成员Class method 类方法Class variable 类变量Constructor 构造方法Package 包Import package 导入包第四章：Base class 基类Super class 超类Overloaded method 重载方法Overridden method 重写方法Public 公有Private 私有Protected 保护Static 静态Abstract 抽象Interface 接口Implements interface 实现接口第五章：RuntimeExcepiton 运行时异常ArithmeticException 算术异常IllegalArgumentException 非法数据异常ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException 数组索引越界异常NullPointerException 空指针异常ClassNotFoundException 类无法加载异常（类不能找到）NumberFormatException 字符串到float类型转换异常（数字格式异常）IOException 输入输出异常FileNotFoundException 找不到文件异常EOFException 文件结束异常InterruptedException （线程）中断异常throws 投、掷、抛print Stack Trace() 打印堆栈信息get Message（）获得错误消息get Cause（）获得异常原因method 方法able 能够instance 实例Byte （字节类）Character （字符类）Integer（整型类）Long （长整型类）Float（浮点型类）Double （双精度类）Boolean（布尔类）Short （短整型类）Digit （数字）Letter （字母）Lower (小写)Upper (大写)Space (空格)Identifier (标识符)Start (开始)String (字符串)length （值）equals (等于)Ignore （忽略）compare （比较）sub （提取）concat （连接）trim （整理）Buffer (缓冲器)reverse (颠倒)delete （删除）append （添加）Interrupted （中断的）第七章：toString 转换为字符串GetInstance 获得实例Util 工具，龙套Components 成分，组成Next Int 下一个整数Gaussian 高斯ArrayList 对列LinkedList 链表Hash 无用信息，杂乱信号Map 地图Vector 向量，矢量Collection 收集Shuffle 混乱，洗牌RemoveFirst 移动至开头RemoveLast 移动至最后lastElement 最后的元素Capacity 容量，生产量Contains 包含，容纳InsertElementAt 插入元素在某一位置334157810 这群每日java技术免费分享定期java资料更新第八章：io->in out 输入/输出File 文件isFile 是文件isDirectory 是目录getPath 获取路径getAbsolutePath 获取绝对路径lastModified 最后修改日期Unicode 统一的字符编码标准, 采用双字节对字符进行编码FileInputStream 文件输入流FileOutputStream文件输出流IOException 输入输出异常fileobject 文件对象available 可获取的BufferedReader 缓冲区读取FileReader 文本文件读取BufferedWriter 缓冲区输出FileWriter 文本文件写出flush 清空close 关闭DataInputStream 二进制文件读取DataOutputStream二进制文件写出EOF 最后encoding 编码Remote 远程release 释放第九章：JBuider Java 集成开发环境（IDE）Enterprise 企业版Developer 开发版Foundation 基础版Messages 消息格Structure 结构窗格Project 工程Files 文件Source 源代码Design 设计History 历史Doc 文档File 文件Edit 编辑Search 查找Refactor 要素View 视图Run 运行Tools 工具Window 窗口Help 帮助Vector 矢量addElement 添加内容Project Winzard 工程向导Step 步骤Title 标题Description 描述Copyright 版权Company 公司Aptech Limited Aptech有限公司author 作者Back 后退Finish 完成version 版本Debug 调试New 新建ErrorInsight 调试第十章：JFrame 窗口框架JPanel 面板JScrollPane 滚动面板title 标题Dimension 尺寸Component 组件Swing JA V A轻量级组件getContentPane 得到内容面板LayoutManager 布局管理器setVerticalScrollBarPolicy 设置垂直滚动条策略AWT（Abstract Window Toolkit）抽象窗口工具包GUI （Graphical User Interface）图形用户界面VERTICAL_SCROLLEARAS_NEEDED 当内容大大面板出现滚动条VERTICAL_SOROLLEARAS_ALWAYS 显示滚动条VERTICAL_SOROLLEARAS_NEVER 不显示滚动条JLabel 标签Icon 图标image 图象LEFT 左对齐RIGHT 右对齐JTextField 单行文本getColumns 得到列数setLayout 设置布局BorderLayout 边框布局CENTER 居中对齐JTextArea 多行文本setFont 设置字体setHorizontalAlignment 设置文本水平对齐方式setDefaultCloseOperation 设置默认的关闭操作add 增加JButton 按钮JCheckBox 复选框JRadioButton单选按钮addItem 增加列表项getItemAt 得到位置的列表项getItemCount 得到列表项个数setRolloverIcon 当鼠标经过的图标setSelectedIcon 当选择按钮的图标getSelectedItem 得到选择的列表项getSelectedIndex 得到选择的索引ActionListener 按钮监听ActionEvent 按钮事件actionPerformed 按钮单击方法(编程词汇A2A integration A2A整合abstract 抽象的abstract base class (ABC)抽象基类abstract class 抽象类abstraction 抽象、抽象物、抽象性access 存取、访问access level访问级别access function 访问函数account 账户action 动作activate 激活active 活动的actual parameter 实参adapter 适配器add-in 插件address 地址address space 地址空间address-of operator 取地址操作符ADL (argument-dependent lookup)ADO(ActiveX Data Object)ActiveX数据对象advanced 高级的aggregation 聚合、聚集algorithm 算法alias 别名align 排列、对齐allocate 分配、配置allocator分配器、配置器angle bracket 尖括号annotation 注解、评注API (Application Programming Interface) 应用(程序)编程接口app domain (application domain)应用域application 应用、应用程序application framework 应用程序框架appearance 外观append 附加architecture 架构、体系结构archive file 归档文件、存档文件argument引数(传给函式的值)。

Dynamic Binary Instrumentation TechnologyOverviewKunping DuNational Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research CenterZhengzhou,China**************Hui ShuNational Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research CenterZhengzhou,China*****************************Fei KangNational Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research CenterZhengzhou,China**************Li DaiNational Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research CenterZhengzhou,China**************Abstract—The Dynamic Binary Analysis technology is a newly emerged technology which can analysis program execution dynamicly. Using this technology, the process of program analysis became more simple and accurate. Foreign researchers had put forward several Dynamic Binary Analysis Platform in recent 10 years. Based on these platforms, users can easily build useful analysis tools which satisfy their own needs. This paper introduces five most representative Dynamic Binary Analysis platforms first. Then, four significant fields and existing applications closely related with Dynamic Binary Analysis technology are explored. In the end of this paper, the feature research hot spots are discussed.Keywords- Dynamic Binary Analysis, program analysis technology, Dynamic Binary InstrumentI.FOREWORDDynamic Binary Analysis[1](DBA) technology is a kind of dynamic program analysis method which can analyze program's memory structure and add specific instructions for monitoring and testing program's execution.The DBA technology enables users to monitor program's behavior under the premise of not affecting the results of program execution by inserting additional appropriate analysis code into the target program, this procedure called Dynamic Binary Instrument(DBI).In addition,using DBA technology,the analysis can complete without source code, no need to recompile and link,so that this technology can be used in many cases.The research on DBA technology began in the 1990s, initially applied to the dynamic optimization and testing of the program.Due to its versatility and accuracy of the analysis process,it has been used for memory testing,software behavior monitoring,reverse engineering and some other research areas recently..This paper first introduces five most widely used DBA platform,they are Shade, DynamoRIO, Valgrind, Pin and Nirvana. On this basis, summarizes the application status and popular tools build on DBA platform in the field of memory testing and optimization, data flow tracking, software behavior analysis, reverse engineering and parallel program analysis. Finally, the application prospects of DBA technology are discussed.II.D YNAMIC B INARY A NALYSIS P LATFORM So far, the foreign researchers had put forward a number of DBA platform, such as Shade, DynamoRIO, Valgrind etc. Based on these platforms, users can easily develop their own Dynamic Binary Instrumentation(DBI) tool. Below, we will detail the Shade, DynamoRIO, Valgrind, Pin, and Nirvana.A.Shade[2]It is the first the DBI platform which implements in Solaris system. Shade uses binary translation and cache technology, it has inner support of recording the register state and opcode information..B.DynamoRIO[3]DynamoRIO is an open-source dynamic binary optimization and analysis platform which evolves from Dynamo. It is available both in Windows and Linux system, and can record the execution instruction information efficiently, but doesn't support data flow recording. This platform is mainly used for the dynamic optimization of program in instruction level.C.Valgrind[4]An open source DBI platform under Linux which can efficiently record the instructions flow and data flow information of executable file in Linux. But because of the different operation mechanism of Linux and Windows system, this platform is still difficult to transplant to Windows system. D.Pin[5]Pin is a dynamic binary instrumentation framework for the IA-32 and x86-64 instruction-set architectures that enables the creation of dynamic program analysis tools. The tools createdNational Conference on Information Technology and Computer Science (CITCS 2012)using Pin, called Pintools, can be used to perform program analysis on user space applications in Linux and Windows. Pin provides a rich API that abstracts away the underlying instruction-set idiosyncrasies and allows context information such as register contents to be passed to the injected code as parameters. Pin automatically saves and restores the registers that are overwritten by the injected code so the application continues to work. Limited access to symbol and debug information is available as well. Pin was originally created as a tool for computer architecture analysis, but its flexible API and an active community (called "Pinheads") have created a diverse set of tools for security, emulation and parallel program analysis. Pin is proprietary software developed and supported by Intel and is supplied free of charge for non-commercial use. Pin includes the source code for a large number of example instrumentation tools like basic block profilers, cache simulators, instruction trace generators, etc. It is easy to derive new tools using the rich API it provides.E.Nirvana[6]Microsoft's latest development DBI platform, mainly includes two key module: program simulation execution module and JIT (just in time) binary translation module. But it has not been to market, only for Microsoft internal use. According to relevant data, the platform can well support tracking and playback function of Windows executable files in instruction level. There will be very good application prospects especially in software reverse engineering.III.DBI A PPLICATION FIELDA.Memory testing and optimizationDBI framework developed up to now, the most widely used application is for the building of memory monitoring tools. DBI-based memory testing tools have obvious advantages than the common memory detection tool in the detection efficiency and detection accuracy, as well as the support of the underlying system. Therefore, there have been a lot of DBI based memory monitoring tools since DBI technologies emerged. Most of those tools can not only detect the memory using situation of a program, memory errors that may exist in the program, illegal use of memory, memory leaks, but also can detect buffer overflow accurately. The following details on several of BDI-based memory monitoring tools and related research.a)Memcheck: Memcheck is a memory error detector based on Valgrind. It can detect many common problems appear in C and C++ programs, such as: accessing memory you shouldn't, using undefined values, incorrect freeing of heap memory, memory leaks etc.b)Dr.Memory: Dr. Memory is built on the open-source dynamic instrumentation platform DynamoRIO. It is an excellent memory checking tool that supports both Windows and Linux. Dr. Memory uses memory shadowing to track properties of a target application’s data during execution. So that it can detect memory error more accurately. In addition, Dr. Memory provide two instrumentation paths: the fast-path and the slow-path. The fast-path is implemented as a set of carefully hand-crafted machine-code sequences or kernels covering the most performance-critical actions. Fast-path kernels are either directly inlined or use shared code with a fast subroutine switch. Rarer operations are not worth the effort and extra maintenance costs of using hand-coded kernels and are handled in the slow-path in C code with a full context switch used to call out to the C function. Through using different path in different situation, the efficiency of detection is increased greatly.B.Dynamic Taint AnalysisThe dynamic taint analysis technology is a common technique in the field of application security detection. By analysis of the data used in the program, the program's data is marked as “contaminated”(Tainted), and “not contaminated” (UnTainted) categories, while in the process of implementation of the procedures to control the spread of contaminated properties by analyzing the illegal use of the data propagation path of the contaminated property to find the loopholes that exist of the program. DBI based platform, you can build a dynamic data flow tracking tools, such data flow tracking tool with a wide tracking range, and analysis results are accurate. Here are two methods based on DBI data flow tracking tool.a)TaintCheck: TaintCheck is a dynamic taint analysis tool based on Valgrind, for the automatic detection, analysis, and signature generation of exploits on commodity software. TaintCheck's default policy detects format string attacks, and overwrite attacks that at-tempt to modify a pointer used as a return address, function pointer,or function pointer offset. Its policy can also be extended to detect other overwrite attacks, such as those that attempt to overwrite data used in system calls or security-sensitive variables. TaintCheck gave no false positives in its default configuration. in many cases when a false positive could occur, it is a symptom of a potentially exploitable bug in the monitored program. For programs where the default policy of TaintCheck could generate a false positive. Once TaintCheck detects an overwrite attack, it can automatically provide information about the vulnerability and how the vulnerability is exploited. By back-tracing the chain of tainted data structure rooted at the detection point, TaintCheck automatically identifies which original flow and which part of the original flow have caused the attack.b)Dytan: A Generic dynamic taint analysis framework based on Pin. The goal of this tool is to be a generalized tainting framework that can be used to perform dataflow and control-flow analysis on an x86 executable. The dynamic tainting of Dytan consists of: (1)associating a taint label with data values;(2)propagating taint labels as data values flow through the program during execution.As long as user provides XML configuration file, in which specify: taint sources, propagation policy, and sinks.C.Reverse engineering applicationDynamic tracking is one of the commonly used method in reverse engineering. The procedure of dynamic tracking is like this: using dynamic debugging software (eg: OllyDebug) load the program, then follow the tracks of program executionstep-by-step. This approach can be summarized in a word:analysis when tracking. And the analysis relies heavily onmanual, it is difficult to automate it. By means of DBI platform,one can separate the analysis work to the tracking process byusing DBI tool recording the execution information of targetsoftware, analyzing the recorded information by other a utomatic tools. Such processing procedure can save a lot of human labor. And the automatic analysis of the recordedinformation also can greatly reduce the software reversingcycle.In 2008 blackhat Danny Quist. etc propose a DBI basedtemporal reverse engineering. By DBI platform Pin, they getthe basic block execution sequence. By analyzing andvisualizing these block information, it help analyst understandthe program behavior quickly. In addition, in reference[7], theauthor proposed a DBI based protocol reverse method, themain idea of the paper is recording the data-flow of a softwarewith DynamoRIO, then parse the protocol field with their ownautomatic tool.D.Parallel program analysis[8]With the development of high performance computingtechnology, the design of parallel programs is becomingincreasingly important. Parallel debugging and performanceevaluation of parallel programs are difficult problems in thefield. The traditional Parallel debugging and performance evaluation tools are mostly based on source code instrumentation, which makes the workload of analyzing parallel programs very huge, and as the coding language and software upgrade, testers need to do some modifications. The most deadly is if you can’t get the source code of the parallel program, the test can’t be conducted. DBA technology making the analysis of parallel programs has nothing to do with the source code, the analysis process is more transparent and more efficient. The following is several parallel program analysis tools based on DBI framework.a)Intel Parallel Inspector: The Intel Parallel Inspector analyzes the multithreaded programs’ execution to find memory and threading errors, such as memory leaks, references to uninitialized data, data races, and deadlocks. Intel Parallel Inspector uses Pin to instrument the running program and collect the information necessary to detect errors. The instrumentation requires no special test builds or compilers, so it’s easier to test code more often. Intel Parallel Inspector combines threading and memory error checking into one powerful error checking tool. It helps increase the reliability, security, and accuracy of C/C++ applications from within Microsoft Visual Studio.b)CMP$im: Memory system behavior is critical to parallel program performance. Computational bandwidth increases faster than memory bandwidth, especially for multi-core systems. Programmers must utilize as much bandwidth as possible for programs to scale to many processors. Hardware-based monitors can report summary statistics such as memory references and cache misses; however, they are limited to the existing cache hierarchy and are not well suited for collecting more detailed information such as the degree of cache line sharing or the frequency of cache misses because of false sharing. CMP$im uses Pin to collect the memory addresses of multithreaded and multiprocessor programs, then uses a memory system’s software model to analyze program behavior. It reports miss rates, cache line reuse and sharing, and coherence traffic, and its versatile memory system model configuration can predict future systems’ application performance. While CMP$im is not publicly available, the Pin distribution includes the source for a simple cache model, dcache.cpp.IV.F UTURE RESEARCHDBA technology as a new program analysis method, have not yet been widely used. As people get more comprehensive understanding on its properties and advantages, it will play a role in more areas in more fields. Future research on dynamic binary analysis techniques are mainly concentrated in the following aspects:a)Improvement of performance for DBI platform:Based on DBI build tools have a common weakness: a certain degreeof reduction on efficiency to instrumentation program. In general, the use of DBI make the original program run rate 3-5 times lower, in future studies, how to improve the performance and efficiency of the DBI platform is an important research direction.b)The combination of static analysis methods:DBA method has many advantages, but it is essentially a dynamic analysis method that can not overcome the shortcoming of only one execution path can be passed by a time. In the future, how to combine the dynamic binary analysis with the static analysis methods is a future research focus.c)solve the problem of huge amount of record information: Using DBI instrument a program ,weather in instruction level or function level, the record set could be very huge. How to reduce the volume of the record set in the premise of ensure enough information, how to improve the efficiency of information processing, how to visualize those information are all the research spot in the future.DBA technology, with the advantages of extensive (needn't source code) and accuracy (run-time instrument), has already come to the forefront in several areas, and provides new idea to solve the problems in related field. The DBA technology would bring more breakthrough for more field in the future.R EFERENCES[1]Nicholas Nethercote. Dynamic Binary Analysis and Instrumentation orBuilding Tools is Easy [D]. PhD thesis. University of Cambridge, 2004. [2]Bob Cmelik and David Keppel. Shade: a fast instruction-set simu lateorfor execution profiling [R]. In:ACM SIGMETRICS, 2004.[3]Derek L. Bruening. Efficient, Transparent, and Comprehensive RuntimeCode Manipulation [D]. PhD thesis, M.I.T, 2004. /. [4]hercote. Valgrind: A Framework for Heavyweight DynamicBinary Instrumentation [C]. In:Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implemention, San Diego,California,USA: 2007. 89-100..[5]Chi-Keung Luk. Pin: building customized program analysis tools withdynamic instrumentation [C]. In:Programming Language Design and Implementation. 2005: 190-200.[6]Sanjay Bhansali. Framework for Instruction-level Tracing and Analysisof Program Executions [C]. Second International Conference on Virtual Execution Environments VEE, 2006. [7]HE Yong-jun, SHU Hui, XIONG Xiao-bing. Network Protocol ReverseParsing Based on Dynamic Binary Analysis.[J]. Computer Engineering.2010.36(9):268-270[8]Moshe Bach, Mark Charney, Robert Cohn, etc. Analyzing ParallelPrograms with Pin. [J]. IEEE Computer. 2010:34-41.。

A single- generation study 单项包括两代(生殖毒性)的研究 Acentric fragment 无着丝点片段Acridine orange 吖啶橙 Active metabolite 活性代谢产物 Additional test 附加试验 Adduct 加合物 ADME 吸引、分布、代谢、排泄 Administration period 给药期 Advers effect 不良反应 Against humanized proteins serum antibodies 抗人源蛋白血清抗体 Aginal smear 阴道涂片 Air righting reflex 空中翻正反射 Alkylating electrophilic cernter 浣化亲电子中心Allele 基因突变产生的遗传因子 Allergic reactions 过敏性反应(变应性反应) Altenative validated test 有效替代试验 Altered growth 生长改变 Ammoniun sulphide staining of the uterus 子宫硫化胺染色 Analogue 类似物(同系物) Analogue series of substance 同系物Analytical method 分析方法 Anaphase 分裂后期 Aneuploidy 非整倍体 Aneuploidy inducer 非整倍体诱导剂 Antigenic specificity 抗原特异性Art and ethical standards 技术和伦理标准Assessment of genotoxicity 遗传毒性评价 AUC 曲线下面积Auditory startle reflex 惊愕反射(听觉惊跳反射) Autoimmune 自身免疫 Autoradiographic assessment 放射自显影评价Autoradiography 放射自显影 Bacterial mutagenicity test 细菌致突变试验 Bacterial reverse mutation test 细菌回复突变试验 Bacterial strains 菌株 Bacterial test organisms 微生物试验菌 Base pairs 碱基对Base set of strains 基本菌株 Base substitution 碱基置换 Bioanalytical method 生物学分析方法 Bioavailability 生物利用度 Biological method 生物学意义Biotechnological products 生物技术产品 Biotechnoloty-derived pharmaceuticals 生物技术药物 Body burden 机体负担 Bone marrow cell 骨髓细胞 Bouin's fixation 包氏液固定Breakage of chromatid 染色单体断裂 Brealage of chromosome 染色体断裂 Bridging character 桥梁作用 C(time) 一定剂量、某一时间的浓度 Carcinogen 致癌物质Carcinogenesis 致癌性 Carcinogenic hazard 致癌性危害 Carcinogenicity bioassay 致癌性生物检测 Carcinogenicity potential of chemical 化合物的潜在致癌性 Carcinoginicity (oncogenicity) 致癌(致瘤) Cardiovascular 心血管 Case-by-case 个例 Cell proliferation 细胞增殖 Cell cultures 细胞培养 Cell line 细胞系 Cell membrane lipid 细胞膜脂质层 Cell replication system 细胞复制系统 Cell suspension 细胞悬液 Cell-mediated immunity 细胞介导的免疫 Cellular therapy 细胞治疗 Central nervous systems 中枢神经系统 Cerebral spinal fluid 脑脊液 Chemical nature 化学性质 Chinese hamster V79 cell 中国仓鼠V79细胞Chromatide 染色单体 Chromosomal aberration 染色体畸变 Chromosomal damage 染色体损伤 Chromosomal integrity 染色体完整性 Chronic toxicity testing 慢性毒性试验 Classfical biotransformation studies 经典的生物转化试验 Clastogen 染色体断裂剂 Clastogenic 致染色体断裂的 Clinical indication 临床适应证 Cloning efficiency 克隆形成率Closure of the hard palate 硬腭闭合 Cmax 峰浓度 Colony sizing 集落大小 Comparative trial 对比试验Complement binding 补体结合 Completely novel compound 全新化合物 Compound bearing structural alerts 结构可疑化合物 Concentration threshold 阈浓度 Concomitant toxicokinetics 相伴毒代动力学 Continuous treatment 连续接触 Corpora lutea 黄体 Corpora lutea count 黄体数 Cross-linking agent 交联剂 Culture condition 培养条件 Culture confluency 培养克隆率 Culture confluenty 培养融合 Culture medium 培养基 Cytogenetic change 细胞遗传学改变 Cytogenetic evaluation 细胞遗传学评价 Cytokines 细胞因子 Cytotoxicity 细胞毒Degradation 降解 Deletion 缺失 Descriptive statistics 描述性统计 Detection of bacterial mutagen 细菌诱变剂检测 Detection of clastogen 染色体断裂剂检测 Determination of metabolites 测定代谢产物 Developmental toxicity 发育毒性Direct genetic damage 直接遗传损伤 Distribution 分布DNA adduct DNA加合物DNA damage DNA损伤DNA repair DNA 修复DNA strand breaks DNA链断裂 Dose escalation 剂量递增 Dose dependence 剂量依赖关系 Dose level 剂量水平 Dose-limiting toxicity 剂量限制性毒性 Dose-raging studies 剂量范围研究 Dose-relatived mutagenicity 剂量相关性诱变性 Dose-related 剂量相关Dose-relatived cytotoxicity 剂量相关性细胞毒性 Dose-relatived genotoxic activity 剂量相关性遗传毒性 Dose-response curve 剂量-反应曲线 Dosing route 给药途径Embryo-fetal toxicity 胚胎-胎仔毒性 Endogenous components 内源性物质 Endogenous gene 内源性基因Endonuclease 核酸内切酶 Emdpmiclease release from lysosomes 溶酶体释放核酸内切酶End-point 终点 Epitope 抗原决定部位 Error prone repair 易错性修复 Escalation 递增Escherichia coli strain 大肠杆菌菌株 Escherichia coli 大肠杆菌Evaluation of test result 试验结果评价 Exaggerated pharmacological response 超常增强的药理作用 Exposure assessment 接触剂量评价 Exposure period 接解期 External metabolizing system 体外代谢系统F1-animals 子一代动物 False positive result 假阳性结果 Fecundity 多产 Fertility studies 生育力研究 Fetal abnormalities 胎仔异常 Fetal and neonatal parameters 胎仔和仔鼠的生长发育参数 Fetal development and growth 肿仔发育和生长 Fetal period 胎仔期 Fetotoxicity 胎仔毒性First pass testing 一期试验Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) 原位荧光分子杂交 Foetuses 胎仔 Formulation 制剂 Frameshift mutation 移码突变 Frameshite point mutation 移码点突变 Free-standing 独立Fresh dissection technique 新鲜切片技术 Funtional deficits 切能缺陷 Functional test 功能试验 Functional indices 功能性指标 Fusion proteins融合蛋白 Gametes 配子 Gender of animals 动物性别 Gender-specific drug 性别专一性药物Gene knockout 基因剔除 Gene therapy 基因治疗 Gene mutation 基因突变 Genetic 遗传Genetic change 遗传学改变 Genetic damage 遗传学损伤 Genetic endpoint 遗传终点Genetic toxicity 遗传毒性 Genotoxic activity 遗传毒性作用 Genotoxic carcinogen 遗传毒性致癌剂 Genotoxic effect 遗传毒性效应 Genotoxic hazard 遗传毒性危害 Genotoxic potential 潜在遗传毒性 Genotoxic rodent carcinogen 啮齿类动物遗传毒性致癌剂 Genotoxicity 遗传毒性 Genotoxicity test 遗传毒性试验 Genotoxicity test battery 毒性试验组合 Genotoxycity evaluation 遗传毒性评价 Germ cell mutagen 生殖细胞诱变剂 Germ line mutation 生殖系统突变 GLP 临床前研究质量管理规范 Gross chromosomal damage 染色体大损伤 Gross evaluation of placenta 胎盘的大体评价 Growth factors 生长因子 Haemotoxylin staining 苏木素染色 Half-life 半衰期 Hematopoietic cells 造血细胞 Heptachlor 七氯化合物 Heritable 遗传 Heritable defect 遗传缺陷 Heritable disease 遗传性疾病 Heritable effect 遗传效应High concentration 高浓度Histologic appearance of reproductive organ 生殖器官的组织学表现 Histopathological chang 组织病理学改变 Homologous proteins 同系蛋白 Homologous series 同系 Host cell 宿主细胞 Human subjects 人体 Human carcinogen 人类致癌剂Human lymphoblastoid TH6cell 人成淋巴TK6细胞 Human mutagen 人类致突变剂 Humoral immunity 体液免疫 Immature erythrocyte 未成熟红细胞Immediate and latent effect 速发和迟发效应 Immunogenicity 免疫原性 Immunopathological effects 免疫病理反应immunotoxicity 免疫毒性 Implantation 着床 Implantation sites 着床部位 In vitro 体外 In vitro test 体外试验 In vivo 体内 In vivo test 体风试验Incidence of polyploidy cell 多倍体细胞发生率 Incisor eruption 门齿萌发 Independent test 独立试验 Individual fetal body weight 单个胎仔体重 Induced and spontaneous models of disease 诱发或自发的疾病模型Inducer of micronuclei 微核诱导剂 Inhalation 吸入 Inhibitor of DNA metabolism DNA代谢抑制剂 Intact animals 完整动物(整体动物) Internal control 内对照 Interphase nuclei 分裂间期细胞核 Intra-and inter-individual 个体与个体间 Isolated organs 离休器官Juvenile animal studies 未成年动物研究 Kinetic profile 动力学特点 Kinetics 动力学 Lactation 授乳、哺乳Large deletion event 大缺失事件 Late embryo loss 后期胚胎丢失 Level of safety 安全水平Libido 性欲 Life threatering 危及生命 Lipophilic compound 亲脂性化合物 Litter size 每窝胎仔数目 Live and deal conceptuese 活胎和死胎 Live offspring at birth 出生时存活的子代Local tolerance studies 局部耐受性研究 Local toxicity 局部毒性 Locu 位点 Long-termcarcinogenicity study 长期致癌性研究Loss of the tk gene tk基因缺失Major organ formation 主要器官形成 Male fertility 雄性生育力 Male fertility assessment 雄性生育力评价Mammalian sells 哺乳动物细胞 Mammalian species 哺乳类动物 Mammalian sell mutation test 哺乳动物细胞致突变试验 Marketing approval 上市许可 Maternal animal 亲代动物Mating behavior 交配行为 Mating period 交配期 Mating ratio 交配比例 Matrices 基质Maximum tolerated dose(MTD) 最大耐受剂量 Mechanism of genotoxicity 遗传毒性机制Mechanistic investigation 机制研究 Metabolic activation 代谢活化 Metabolic activation pathway 代谢活化途径 Metabolic activation system 代谢活化系统 Metabolism 代谢Metabolites profile 代谢物的概况 Metaphase 中期 Metaphase analysis 分裂中期相分析Metaphase cell 分裂中期相细胞 Micronucleus 微核 Micronucleus formation 微核形成Microtitre 微滴定 Mictotitre method 微滴定法 mimicking 模拟 Mitotic index 有丝分裂指数Molecular characterization 分子特性 Molecular technique 分子技术 Monitor 监测Monoclonal antibodies 单克隆抗体 Non-toxic compound 无毒化合物 Mouse lymphoma L5178Y cell 小鼠淋巴瘤L5178Y细胞 Mouse lymphoma tk assay 小鼠淋巴溜tk检测Mutagen 诱变原 Mutagenic carcinogen 诱变性致癌剂 Mutagenic potential of chemical 化合物的潜在致突变性 Mutant colony 突变体集落 Mutation 突变 Mutation induction in transgenes 转基因诱导突变Necropsy(macroscopic examination) 解剖(大体检查) Negative control 阴性对照 Negative result 阴性结果 Newcleated 有核 Non rodent 非啮齿类Non-clinical 非临床 Non-genotoxic carcinogen 非遗传毒性致癌剂 Non-genotoxic mechanism 非遗传毒性机制 Non-human primate 非人灵长类 Non-linear 非线性 No-toxic-effect dose level 无毒性反应剂量水平 Nucleated bone marrow cell 有核骨髓细胞 Nucleoside analogue 核苷酸同系物 Number of live and dead implantation 宫内活胎和死胎数 Numerical chromosomal aberration 染色体数目畸变 Numerical chromosome changes 染色体数目改变Oligonucleotide grugs 寡核苷酸药物 One ,twe,three generation studies 一、二、三子代研究Paraffine embedding 石蜡包埋 Parameter 参数 Parent compound 母体化合物 Parenteral 非肠道 Particulate material 颗粒物 Peripheral blood erythrocyte 外周血红细胞Pharmacodynamic effects 药效作用 Pharmacodynamics 药效学(药效动力学) Pharmacokinetic 药代动力学 Phenylene diamine 苯二胺 Physical development 身体发育 Physiological stress 生理应激 Pilot studies 前期研究 Pinna unfolding 耳廓张开 Plasmid 质粒 Plasminogen activators 纤维蛋白溶解酶原激活因子 Ploidy 整倍体 Point mutation 点突变 Polychromaticerythrocyte 嗜多染色红细胞 Polycyclic hydrocarbon 多环芳烃 Polymer 聚合物 Polyploidy cell 多倍体细胞 Polyploidy 多倍体 Polyploidy induction 多倍体诱导 Poorly soluble compound 难溶化合物 Positive control 阳性对照 Positive result 阳性结果 Post meiotic stages 减数分裂后期 Post-approval 批准后 Postcoital time frame 交配后日期Postimplantation deaths 着床后死亡 Postnatal deaths 出生后死亡 Postweaning development and growth 断奶后发育和生长 Potential 潜在性 Potential immunogenecity 潜在免疫原性Potential target organs for toxicity 潜在毒性靶器官Pre-and post-natal development study 围产期的发育研究 Pre-and postweaning survival and growth 断奶前后的存少和生长 Precipitate 沉淀期 Precision 精密度 Preclinical safety evaluation 临床前安全性评价 Predetermined criteria 预定标准 Prediction of carcinogenicity 致癌性预测Pregnant and lactation animals 怀孕与哺乳期动物 Preimplantation stages of the embryo 胚胎着床前期 Preliminary studies 预试验 Pre-screening 预筛选 Prevalence of abnormalities 异常情况的普遍程度 Primary active entity 主要活性实体 Priority selection 优先选择 Pro-drug 前体药物 Protocol modification 试验方案修改 Quantification of mutant 突变体定量 Racemate 消旋体 Radiolabeled proteins 放射性同位素标记蛋白 Radiolabelled compounds 放性性同位素标记化合物 Range-finding test 范围确定试验 Rate of preimplantation deaths 着床关死亡率 Rational study design 合理的试验设计 Receptor properties 受体性质 Recombinant DNA proteins DNA重组蛋白Recombinant DNA technology DNA重组技术 Recombination 重组 Recombinant plasma factors 重组血浆因子 Reduction in the number of revertants 回复突变数的减少 Relative plating efficiency 相对接种效率 Relative suspension growth 相对悬浮生长率 Relative total growth 相对总生长率 Relevant animal species 相关动物种属 Relevant dose 相关剂量Relevant factor 相关因素 Repeated-dose toxicity studies 重复剂量毒性研究 Reproductive toxicity 生殖毒性 Reproductive/developmental toxicity 生殖/发育毒性 Reverse mutation 回复突变 Reversibility 可恢复性(可逆性) Risk assessment 危险度评价 Rodent hematopoietic cell 啮齿类动物造血细胞 Route of administration 给药途径 Routine testing 常规试验S9-mix constituent S9混合液成分 Safeguards 安全监测 Safety pharmacology 安全药理学Safety margin 安全范围 Salmonella typhimurium 鼠伤寒沙门菌 Sampling time 采样时间Satellite groups 卫星组 Saturation of absorption 吸收饱和 Sensory functions and reflexes 感觉功能和反射Short term toxicity 短期毒性Short or medium-term carcinogenicity study 短或中期致癌性研究 Short treatment 短期处理 Sighting studies 预试验 Singledose(acute)toxicity 单剂量(急性)毒性 Single study design 单一研究设计 Site-specific targeted delivery 定位靶向释放 Small colony 小集落 Small colony mutant 小集落突变体Soft agar method 软琼脂法 Soluble genotoxic impurity 可溶性遗传毒性杂质 Solvent control 溶剂对照 Somatic cell 体细胞 Somatic cell test 体细胞试验 Species 种属 Specificity 特异性 Species specificity 种属特异性 Spindle apparatus 纺缍体 Stages of reproduction 生殖阶段Standard battery of test 标准试验组合Standard 3-test battery 标准三项试验组合 Standard battery 标准组合 Standard battery system 标准组合系统 Standard procedure 标准规程Standard protocol 标准试验方案Standard set of strains 标准菌株组Standard set of tests 标准试验组 Standard test battery 标准试验组合 Statistical evaluation 统计学评价 Steady-state levels 稳态浓度 Step-by-step 逐步 Stepwise process 阶梯式程序 Strain 品系 Structural changes 结构改变 Structural chromosomal aberration 染色体结构畸变 Subgroups 亚组Supravital staining 体外活动染色 Surface righting reflex 平面翻正反射 Survival 存活率suspension 悬浮物 Systemic exposure 全面接触 Target organs 靶器官 Target cell 靶细胞Target histidine genes 组氨酸目的基因 Target tissue 靶组织Target tissue exposure 靶组织接触 Teratogenic response 致畸胎反应 Terminal sacrifice 终末期处死 Test of carcinogenicity 致癌试验 Test approach 试验方法Test battery approach 试验组合方法 Test compound 受试物 Test model 试验模型 Test strategy 试验策略 Test systems 试验系统 Tester strain 试验菌株 Therapeutic 治疗 Therapeutic confirmatory 疗效确定 Therapeutic exploratory 疗效探索Therapeutic indication 治疗适应证 Time course 时程 Timing conventions 分段计时方法Tissue cross-reactivity 组织交叉反应 Tissue distribution 组织分布 Tissue exposure 组织接触Tissue uptake 组织吸收 Tk locus tk位点 Top concentration 最高浓度 Topical 局部的Topoisomerase inhibitor 拓朴异构酶抑制剂 Total erythrocyte 总红细胞Total litter loss 整窝丢失 Toxicity to reproduction 生殖毒性 Toxicokinetics 毒代动力学(毒物代谢动力学) Transgene 转基因 Transgenic animals 转基因动物 Transgenic plants 转基因植物Translocation 移位 Treatment regimen 实施方案 Tubal transport 输卵管运输 Tumor induction 肿瘤诱导 Tumor response 肿瘤反应 Tumor-related gene 肿瘤相关基因 Two or three phase approach 分段(二段或三段)研究 Two study design 分段(两段)研究设计Ovulation rate 排卵率 Unbound concentration 未结合浓度 Unexpected finding 非预期结果Unscheduled DNA synthesis(UDS) 程序外DNA合成 Unstable epoxide 不稳定过氧代物Whole blood 全血。

idea template data languages -回复Title: Exploring the Potential of Data Languages: An In-depth AnalysisIntroduction:In today's fast-paced, data-driven world, the ability to communicate and manipulate information effectively is paramount. Data languages serve as a bridge between humans and machines, enabling efficient processing and analysis of complex data sets. In this article, we will delve into the fascinating world of data languages, exploring their significance, types, functionality, and their potential implications for various industries.I. Understanding Data LanguagesA. Definition and Importance of Data LanguagesData languages are programming languages specifically designed to interact with and manipulate data. They provide a set of instructions that computers can understand and execute, allowing users to extract meaningful insights from vast amounts of data. The importance of data languages lies in their ability to streamline data analysis, enhance decision-making processes, and facilitate effective communication between programmers, analysts, andmachines.B. Types of Data Languages1. Structured Query Language (SQL): SQL is widely recognized as the de facto standard for interacting with and managing relational databases. Its simplicity and versatility make it an essential tool for data manipulation and retrieval. SQL's syntax allows users to write queries to create, modify, or retrieve data stored in databases.2. R Language: Originally designed for statistical computing and graphics, R has evolved into a powerful programming language for data analysis and visualization. Its expansive library ecosystem offers a plethora of statistical and graphical techniques, making it a preferred choice for many data scientists and statisticians.3. Python Language: Python has gained immense popularity in recent years due to its simplicity, readability, and broad range of data manipulation capabilities. Its extensive libraries, such as NumPy, Pandas, and SciPy, provide built-in functionalities for scientific computing, data analysis, and machine learning.II. Functionality and Application of Data LanguagesA. Extracting and Transforming DataData languages enable users to extract and transform data from a variety of sources, including databases, webpages, and files. Through the use of data manipulation techniques, programmers can transform raw data into meaningful information, facilitating efficient analysis and decision-making.B. Data Analysis and VisualizationData languages provide tools and libraries to analyze and visualize data effectively. These functionalities allow data scientists and analysts to identify patterns, trends, and anomalies in large datasets, facilitating informed decision-making and extracting valuable insights.C. Machine Learning and Predictive AnalyticsWith the advent of big data and advancements in machine learning, data languages play a crucial role in creating predictive models. Python, R, and SQL offer libraries and methods to build machine learning models for classification, regression, clustering, and natural language processing tasks, enabling organizations to leverage the power of predictive analytics.III. Implications of Data Languages across IndustriesA. Banking and FinanceData languages are revolutionizing the banking and finance sector by optimizing risk management, fraud detection, and customer segmentation. SQL provides real-time analysis of financial data, while R and Python help in forecasting market trends and developing predictive models for investment decisions.B. HealthcareData languages, coupled with machine learning algorithms, contribute to the advancement of healthcare analytics. They aid in diagnosing diseases, predicting patient outcomes, and improving hospital operations, leading to more personalized and efficient healthcare delivery.C. Retail and MarketingData languages facilitate personalized marketing campaigns, customer profiling, and sales forecasting. By applying data analysis techniques, retailers gain insights into customer behavior and preferences, allowing them to tailor marketing strategies and enhance customer satisfaction.IV. ConclusionData languages have emerged as powerful tools for efficient data analysis and management. Their versatility, functionality, and broad applications across various industries make them indispensable assets in our data-driven world. As technology continues to evolve, the role of data languages will only grow, empowering individuals and organizations to unlock the full potential of data and gain a competitive edge in the global market.。

IntroductionWhether you are a telecommunications service provider or a telecommunications equipment manufacturer, the global market-place has requirements for a multitude of signaling protocols within countries and between countries.In-service circuits need troubleshooting. New products need testing and, eventually, manufac-turing test and field support. Until now, the only solution may have been numerous test instru-ments or expensive in-house test equipment development for each country or application.The Ameritec Model AM8e is a Call Analyzer capable of emulating, observing and trouble-shooting signaling protocols on a wide variety of analog circuits or 2 Mbps channel associated signaling PCM circuits. The AM8e is user programmable. You can modify existingsignaling protocols or develop new signalingprotocols based on your requirements. 2 Mbps PCM Testing The AM8e is compatible with worldwide CCITT recommendations for 2 Mbps, 30-channel, channel associated signaling PCM lines.The unit is compatible with all country specific A, B, C, D bit signaling and MF-R1, MF-R2,CCITT #5, DTMF, and dial pulse protocols.The AM8e provides for emulation and non-intrusive monitoring of 2 Mbps PCM circuits.Specific channels can also be monitored. Also provided is a drop and insert capability which allows testing of individual PCM plete decoding and analysis of MF-R1,MF-R2, CCITT #5, DTMF, and dial pulse signaling is provided. Precise, one-millisecond time stamping of digits and events will tell you exactly what happened and when.Exception reports can be printed by connecting an accessory printer and using the built-in programmable signaling thresholds to automati-cally screen for out of tolerance digits and events.User Programmable Signaling ProtocolsTo provide the utmost in flexibility to accommo-date worldwide signaling variations, the AM8e is protocol driven. Protocols may be purchased from Ameritec’s extensive library, custom developed by Ameritec or developed by the user. The AM8e can store up to 10 complex protocols which can be simply recalled and executed. The protocols allow for various W AIT conditions, such as Wait for 3Seconds, Wait For Call Progress Tone, Wait For Wink and so on. The protocols can select any of the available 10 autodial strings and each string can point to another string for virtually unlimited dialed digit lengths. Calling and called party numbers may be stored in different autodial strings and executed at the appropriate stimulus from within the protocol. Dialing may be dependent upon a Wait condition. These capabilities allow the user to test complex Intelligent Network functions as well as CTI applications such as V oice Mail.Protocols can also cause tones to be transmitted with a specific level and frequency. For dual tone dialing, the level and frequency of each tone of the two tones can be specified, allowing for testing of an application over the full range of specified dialed digit capability. Simple loops can be set up in a protocol for incremental worst case testing. Analog Loop Trunk/Line EmulationThe AM8e is also compatible with two-wire analog type trunks and lines. User programmable emulation, monitoring and analysis are provided for the following parameters:• Battery V oltage, Loop Length & Termination • Start Dial Signals including Dial Tone • MF-R1, DTMF & Dial Pulse Signaling • Dial Pulse Speed, Make/Break & Interdigit Time• MF/DTMF Digit Timing,Twist &Skew • Dial Tone Delay, Cadence,Frequencies & Level • Hookflash & Line Unbalance• Ringing V oltage, Frequency & Cadence • Delay & Wink Start Signals• Single Test Tone Frequency & Level The analysis functions allow measurement thresholds to be set in order to capture erroneous digits and events. This, along with the precise,one-millisecond time stamping of digits and events, allows detection of even the most subtle problems.AM8e with E&M Adapter.AM8e E&M Adapter The AM8e E&M Adapter replaces the protective front panel cover of the AM8e and offers conve-nient access to analog E&M signaling emulation,monitoring, and analysis capabilities. This includes North American standards too! Simply attach the E&M Adapter to the LINE/TIMS Connector of your AM8e with the ribbon cable and you are ready to apply the same troubleshooting and testing power available for PCM and two-wire loop circuits.In combination with the AM8e, the E&M Adapter provides the following analog E&M capabilities:•E&M Signaling Emulator/Monitor/Analyzer •E&M Types I through V , 2-Wire and 4-Wire •4-Wire E&M and 4-Wire Phantom E&M •Programmable Signaling Protocols to Control E&M Leads •Digit Emulator/Monitor/Analyzer (MF-R1, MF-R2, CCITT #5, DTMF, Dial Pulse)•Complex Sequence Dialer •High/Low Thresholds for Capturing Erroneous Digits and Events •Precise, One-Millisecond Time Stamping of Digits and Events •VF Level, Frequency and Noise Measure •CO Battery and Dial Tone Generator Ameritec E&M signaling protocols are available or users may develop their own protocols.T1/E1 Adapter The AM8e T1/E1 Adapter replaces the protec-tive front panel cover of the AM8e. The Adapter converts the AM8e E1 input/output to T1input/output and accommodates both PCM1 and PCM2. With this Adapter the power of the AM8e protocols can be used in a T1 environment to allow test of very complex interface protocols.Additionally, an AM8e with this Adapter can also be used for standard T1 testing, significantly improving the utility and versatility of the AM8e.Off Hook Display Selection for Events or VoltmeterDirect Entry KeypadFar End Start Dial Out of Dialing Digits (Near End)Far End Answer ON/OFF Power ButtonVolume control for speaker Microphone to communicate over circuit under test Connection of telephone handset for private conversations Connection of external Transmission Impairment Measuring Set (such as Ameritec's AM5eXT)• RS232 Port for exception reporting & remote control.• Decoding of MF-R1, MF-R2, CCITT #5, DTMF and dial pulse digits without pre-determination of type.• Built-in Speaker.• Optional Battery Pack for 8 Hours Use Visual LED indicators to show configuration of unit.Near End On Hook Analog Loop Connection2 Mbps PCM span connections Grouping of Direct Function Switches Scrolling up &down pages within each setup menu Scrolling across choices for setup parameters Unit setup including emulation parameters.Analyzer Thresholds and Auto Dial sequences ON/OFF Toggles for connection to Trunk inputs & TIMS.Enable hands-free talk and auto send of start signalDialed MF-R2 Digits each followed by a backward acknowledge digit.Time from off-hook to MF-R2 forward digit 8, level/freq. low tone, level/freq. high tone,and interdigit time/digit duration.Detailed Call AnalysisFar End On Hook Display of A/B signaling bits for all 30 E1 time slots (transmit and receive).Detailed Digit, Event Analysis When connected to a circuit, the unit will display signaling events occurring in either direc-tion on a large backlighted liquid crystal display (LCD). Up to 80 dialed digits and/or events (on hook, off hook, wink, etc.) are collected and displayed for each call.By merely placing a cursor under the digit or event of interest, the operator can observe, on the second line of the display, all details associated with that event. For example, when observing a DTMF digit, the unit will display the time of the digit and its duration, as well as the measured high and low band frequency and level.If the operator had previously entered good/bad thresholds, then any out-of-spec detail would be highlighted to the operator.With each event in a complexsequence captured in detail,troubleshooting becomes a matter of solving the problem instead ofsearching for the problem.Built-in Analog and PCM Testing The ability to measure VF level, frequency and noise on analog circuits and PCM channels is built into the AM8e. For more extensive testing, a TIMS access port is provided.The unit also provides a variety of non-intrusive PCM digital tests including bit and frame slips,CRC errors, and framing errors. A display of all 30 PCM channel A/B signaling bits can also be viewed for the transmit and receive directions.All front panel test ports appear on the rear panel LINE/TIMS connector which simplifies integration into a test system.Complex Sequence Auto-Dialer Through the front panel keypad or via a protocol, the operator can dial any sequence of digits and events either manually or automati-cally. Up to 10 complex dialing sequences can be stored and later recalled for execution under the “autodial” function. One autodial sequence can “point” to another so that a complex dialing routine can effectively be hundreds of events long.For example, the following sequence might be used to initiate test calls from a PABX station and use multiple signaling modes to reach and communicate with specialized equipment.PCM Drop & Insert The AM8e provides two PCM ports with dual receivers andtransmitters.These ports canbe usedforpassivemonitoring of a PCM span or the AM8e may be inserted in series with the PCM span for full duplex drop and insert testing of individual channels.The two PCM ports can also be used for clock synchronization testing of PCM spans where one port is connected to a reference span while the second port is connected to the span under test.Easy Setup Commonly used AM8e test setups can be stored in non-volatile memory for later use. 20 non-volatile memories are available for instant recall of personalized AM8e configura-tion setups. An additional 20 memories are availablefor recall of emulate/analyze parameters. This is in addition to the previouslymentioned memories for 10 auto-dial sequences plus last number redial.High Tech, Small SizeThe AM8e incorporates multiple digital signal processors and microprocessors in a highly compact portable package. The unit may be powered from commercial mains, where it automatically adjusts for compatibility with local line voltage and frequency, or it may be powered from an optional internal rechargeable battery pack. An optional RS232 port and aux port allows for automatic hard copy reporting and remote control. A 24-pin LINE/TIMS connector on the rear of the AM8e provides secondary access to all front panel connections and is useful for perma-nent AM8e installations in systems and other test equipment.Dual PCM ports.Easy setup store and recall.Rear of AM8e with RS232 ports for hard copy output and remote control.Simulated Voice Response System Test CallAM8e shown in rack mount configuration.Built-in VoltmeterA dual multimeter with analog and digital display is provided. AC volts, DC volts, and current measurements may be operator selected for tip to ring, tip to ground or ring to ground connections. PCM signal amplitude can be measured when using the AM8e in PCM mode.Portable or Rack Mount No other signaling test set of this type is as full featured, small and convenient.About the size and weight of a telephone directory, it is easily transported from lab to field. For permanent installations, a rack mounting kit is available which will allow 19" relay rack mounting in only two rack increments (3 1/2”) of space.European Community StandardsThe AM8e is fully certified to meet the safety and emission standards of the EuropeanCommunity. The ce marked version of the AM8e is designated the AM8e (ce).Accessories and Options Provided Model AM8e, removable front cover with storage, power cord, monitor cables and instruc-tion manual.Optional BatteryAn optional internal, rechargeablebattery pack is available for fullyportable "cordless" operation. The batteries are of sealed lead-acid type and require no maintenance. A front panel low battery indicator indicates when recharging is needed.The built-in charger allows thebatteries to be charged even while the unit is in operation.Options30-0056AM8e E&M Adapter 19-0004Protocol Development Kit (softools Assembler/linker & PC required)24-0018Internal Power Pack (Sealed Rechargeable Lead Acid Batteries)andInternal Charger.(included in the AM8e (ce)).85-023319" Rack Mount Shelf.48-0062 6 Ft. Bantam to Clip Input Cable.48-0047 6 Ft. Bantam to Bantam Input Cable.48-0048 6 Ft. Bantam to 310 Input Cable.87-0070Padded Carrying CaseAM8e with manual, cables, cover, and optional soft carrying case.Dual multimeter display showing battery and loop current measurements.AM8e Technical SpecificationsLINE INTERFACESAnalog Loop:Trunk monitor or emulation of either the Switch or Subscriber interface.Digital Circuits (PCM1 or PCM2)2.048 Megabits/second Pulse Code Modulation (PCM). Conforms to CCITT Rec. G.703. Channel Associated Signaling. Two spans (ports) provided to support drop-and-insert channel. Line Coding: HDB3. CRC-4 is selectable.DialingSupports any of these dialing modes with full digit set—1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, *, #, A, B, C, and (for DTMF only) D:Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF)Dial PulseMulti-Frequency-R1 — MF(R1)Multi-Frequency-R2 — MF(R2) (PCM only) CCITT System No. 5Start SignalingImmediate, Wink, Delay Dial, Dial ToneLine SignalingDetects And Generates: On Hook, Off hook, Wink, Flash, Unbalance (generate only), Ring, Reverse BatteryEMULATIONUser-controlled parameters for circuit emulation. When shown as a range, parameters are selec-table in unit steps unless noted.Digital PortsImpedance:75 at 2.048 Megabits/Second, 1575 provided in monitor cable for monitor mode Office BatteryVoltage: 20 V to 72 V ±2%Current: 120 mA maximum (not selectable) Analog LoopDC Loop Length:0 to 2100 , adjustable in 300 steps (At 2100 Loop Length, AM8e cannot detect Ring Trip)DC Hold Resistance:10 , 330 , 430AC Impedance:150 , 600 , 900 , 1200 at 300 to 3300 Hz, 2.16 µF in or out (24 µF) Ringer Load:0.68µF in series with 2K , 2W Ring GenerationVoltage:30 Vrms to 105 Vrms ±4% in 5 Vrms steps (At 2100 Loop Length, AM8e cannot detect Ring Trip)Frequency:15.0 Hz to 70.0 Hz in 0.1 Hz steps Load:5 telephone ringers maximum Cadence:Rings: 1 to 3, individual on/off timers Cadence:On Time: 0 to 5000 msOff Time:0 to 9999 msRing Time:(before thermal shutdown)Minimum: 5 minutes (max load)Typical: 20 minutesCall Progress TonesDial Tone Generation:Low Frequency: 0, or 300 Hz to 3300 HzLow Freq. Level: -40 dBm to -3 dBmHigh Frequency: 0, or 300 Hz to 3300 HzHigh Freq. Level: -40 dBm to -3 dBmCadence: 1 to 3, individual on/off timersCadence On Time: 0 to 9999 msCadence Off Time: 0 to 9999 msStart SignalsWink Begin:15 to 999 msWink Duration:50 to 999 msDelay Begin:15 to 999 msDelay End:100 to 9999 msDial Tone Delay From Seizure:15 to 9999 msDialingPulse Dialing:Speed: 5 to 25 ppsPercent Break: 40% to 85%Interdigit Time: 120 to 999 ms±2msAccuracy at 10 pps: ±0.1pps (40% to 75%break)DTMF:Low Band Frequencies: 697, 770, 852, 941 HzLow Band Offset: -5% to +5%, in 0.1% stepsLow Band Level: -40 dBm to -3 dBmHigh Band Frequencies: 1209, 1336, 1477,1633 HzHigh Band Offset: -5% to +5%, in 0.1% stepsHigh Band Level: -40 dBm to -3 dBmOn Time: 25 to 99 msOff Time: 25 to 99 msMF(R1):Frequencies: 700, 900, 1100, 1300, 1500,1700 HzLow Freq. Offset: -5% to +5%, in 0.1% stepsLow Freq. Level: -40 dBm to -3 dBmHigh Freq. Offset: -5% to+5%, in 0.1% stepsHigh Freq. Level: -40 dBm to -3 dBmOn Time: 25 to 99 msOff Time: 25 to 99 msMF(R2) Forward Signals:Frequencies: 1380, 1500, 1620, 1740, 1860,1980 HzLow Freq. Offset: -5% to +5%, in 0.1% stepsLow Freq. Level: -40 dBm to -3 dBmHigh Freq. Offset: -5% to +5%, in 0.1% stepsHigh Freq. Level: -40 dBm to -3 dBmAcknowledgement Timeout: 40 to 999 msMF(R2) Backward Signals:Frequencies: 540, 660, 780, 900, 1020,1140 HzLow Freq. Offset: -5% to +5%, in 0.1% stepsMF(R2) Backward Signals:Low Freq. Level: -40 dBm to -3 dBmHigh Freq. Offset: -5% to +5%, in 0.1% stepsHigh Freq. Level: -40 dBm to -3 dBmAcknowledgement Timeout: 100 - 9999 msCCITT System No. 5Frequencies: 2400Hz, 2600HzFrequency Offset: -2.0% to 2.0%, in 0.1%stepsLevel: -30 dBm to -3 dBmOn Time: 10 ms min.Tone GenerationFrequency:300 Hz to 3300 HzLevel: -40 dBm to 0 dBmGeneration Accuracy (Unless otherwisespecified)Frequency:± 1 HzLevel:± 1 dBTiming:± 1 msANALYSISUser-controlled threshold parameters for eventdetection. Ranges shown are selectable in unitsteps unless otherwise noted.FlashMinimum On Hook Time:50 to 1250 msDisconnectMinimum On Hook Time:50 to 1250 msCall Progress TonesFirst Frequency:350, 440, 480, or 620 HzSecond Frequency: 350, 440, 480, or 620 HzFrequency Tolerance:±0.2%Minimum Level per Tone:-35 dBm to -3 dBmStart SignalsWink Begin:15 to 999 msWink Duration:50 to 999 msDelay Begin:0 to 999 msDelay End:0 to 9999 msDial Tone Receive:0 to 999 msSpecial Dialing CommandsWait for DialtoneWait for 3 SecondsWait for WinkWait for Unidentified ToneWait for Call Progress ToneWait for Single Frequency ToneWait for AnswerWait for User Defined Event A or BChange Dialing Type(d to DTMF, p toPulse, m to MF R1, r to MFC R2)08 -24-98*- Protection Circuits assume a sourceimpedance >300 to limit current.1- Common mode AC plus DC voltage < 100V peak2- Common mode AC plus DC voltage < 10V peak3- Measurements are displayed as peak voltage atthe RX point.4- Event details display of ringing is 0 to 130Vrms±3%, ±1 Vrms over 0°C - 50°C range.Tone Dialing (DTMF)Frequency Tolerance:0% to 3.5%, in 0.1%steps Accuracy : ±0.2%Level Range per Frequency:-30 dBm to -3 dBm Allowable Twist:-12 dB to +12 dB Minimum On Time:40 ms ±5 ms Minimum Off Time:25 ms ±5 ms Tone Dialing MF (R1)Frequency Tolerance :0 to 3.5%, in 0.1% steps Accuracy : ±0.2%Level Range per Frequency:-30 dBm to -3dBm Allowable Twist:-12 dB to +12 dB Min. On Time:40 ms ±5 ms Min. Off Time:25 ms ±5 ms Tone Dialing MF (R2)Frequency Tolerance:0 to 3.5%, in 0.1% stepsAccuracy:±0.2%Level Range per Frequency: -30 dBm to -3 dBm Allowable Twist:-12 dB to +12 dBMin. On Time:40 ms ±5 msMin. Off Time:25 ms ±5 ms CCITT System No. 5Frequency Tolerance:0 to ±15 Hz Accuracy:±1 Hz Level Range:-30 dBm to -3 dBm Allowable Twist:-10 dB to +10 dB Min. On Time:60 ms ±5 ms Pulse DialingSpeed Range:5 to 25 pulses/secondPercent Break:40% to 85%Accuracy at 10 pps:±0.2pps (40% to 75%break ±2%)Interdigit Time:120 to 999 ms ±5 ms Tone Threshold Level Threshold:-40 dBm to 0 dBm On/Off Hook Threshold Level Threshold:2 to 60 V Accuracy:±3% ±0.7 V Measurement Accuracy (Unless other-wise specified)Frequency:± 1 HzLevel : ± 1 dBTiming:± 2 msGuard Time: 0 to 99 ms (for all tones)METER MEASUREMENTS Analog AC Volts Range:0 to 130Vrms ±2%, ±1Vrms (0°C - 50°C)(DC offset < 75V, crest factor < 1.6) (15 to 75 Hz)Loop Start:Tip-Ring , Tip-Ground , Ring-Ground , Common mode Tip-RingAnalog DC Volts Range:-150V to +150V ±2%, ±1V over 0°C -50°C range Loop Start:Tip-Ring , Tip-Ground , Ring-Ground , Common mode Tip-Ring Analog DC A-lead Loop Current *5 to 180mA ±2%, ±1mA (72 Vdc MAX)Noise (Analog or Selected PCM Channel)Level Range:-40 to 0 dBm ±dBm Frequency Range:300 Hz to 3300 Hz ±1 Hz Filter:Psophometric or Flat (CCITT Rec. 468-2 &J16) (Analog signals are also filtered 300 to 3300Hz by codec.)Analog Loop:Tip-RingPCM1/PCM2:Tx, Rx (selected channel)Tone (Analog or selected PCM Channel)Level Range : -40 to +2 dBm ±1 dBm Frequency Range:300 Hz to 3300 Hz ±1 HZ Analog Loop:Tip-RingPCM1/PCM2:Tx, Rx (selected channel)Analog Bipolar Amplitude 3on PCM1/PCM2Range : 500 mVp to 3.00 Vp ±2% (Rx only)Types:Emulation, Monitor.PCM1 and PCM2 METER MEASUREMENTS Transmission Errors Frame Error:Counts by 16 errors.Slips :Insertion or deletion of data bits in datastream CRC : Cyclic Redundancy Check calculated if enabled by user.Frame Synchronization TX, RX:Shows phase relationship on dual bar graphs.Signaling Bits TX, RX : Shows a, b, c, d signaling bits for each of30 TX and RX channels (Emulate and MonitorMode)Channel Noise and Tone Measurements TX, RX:Noise and tone measurements on anyone of 30 channels (see Analog)TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENT MEASUREMENT Direct and Reversed Connections are provided for an AM5, or similar Transmission Impairment Measurement Set (TIMS), to Tip-Ring of TX/2W and RX circuits.GENERAL Size:8.3"W X 3.5"H X 12.1"D Weight:7.5 lb, 12 lb with battery option Shipping Weight:10 lb, 15 lb with battery option Operating Temperature : 0°C to 50°C Humidity:10 to 90% non-condensing Power Requirements:90VAC to 264VAC, 50to 60 Hz, 45 Watts. If <100VAC AM8e will workwith 3REN or MUNICATIONS PORT RS232C:Up to 9600 Baud, (2400 for AM8e (ce)),selectable parity Printing:Set-ups, Events, Meters OPTIONS Battery:Sealed lead acid battery and charger.Provides up to 8 hours of portable use before recharging. Recharges in 8 hours or less at 25° C.ACCESSORIES Soft Case Rack Mount AM8e E&M ADAPTER Termination Impedance:600 ohm High Impedance Monitor: > 200k ohm Office Battery Voltage:20 V to 72 V ±2%Office Battery Current:120 mA maximum (notselectable)Power Requirements:Powered by AM8eWhen calibrated with a host AM8e, the E&MAdapter has the signaling and transmissioncharacteristics of an AM8eNot usable with the AM8e (ce)T1/E1 Adapter Inputs: PCM1 and PCM2Modes: Monitor or Emulate T1Rate:1.544 MB/S Framing:D3/D4 or ESF Zero Suppression:AMI, B8Zs or ZCS Voice Encoding:µ-law or A-law Impedance:100 ohms at 1.544 Mb/s BipolarPCM Cables:Padded cables required for monitor,padded and terminated cables required for termi-nate; cables included with unit E1Compatible with AM8e Power Requirements:Powered by AM8e All specifications subject to change without notice。

DAC-90SDI AUDIODE-EMBEDDER Instruction ManualTable of ContentsFCC Compliance Statement (3)Warnings and Precautions (3)Warranty (4)Standard Warranty (4)Three Year Warranty (5)Disposal (6)Introduction (7)Features (7)Connections & Controls (8)Front Panel (8)Rear Panel (9)Firmware Update (10)Frequently-Asked Questions (12)Dimensions & Weight (13)Specifications (14)Service & Support (16)Disclaimer of Product and ServicesThe information offered in this instruction manual is intended as a guide only. At all times, Datavideo Technologies will try to give correct, complete and suitable information. However, Datavideo Technologies cannot exclude that some information in this manual, from time to time, may not be correct or may be incomplete. This manual may contain typing errors, omissions or incorrect information. Datavideo Technologies always recommend that you double check the information in this document for accuracy before making any purchase decision or using the product. Datavideo Technologies is not responsible for any omissions or errors, or for any subsequent loss or damage caused by using the information contained within this manual. Further advice on the content of this manual or on the product can be obtained by contacting your local Datavideo Office or dealer.FCC Compliance StatementThis device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and(2) This device must accept any interference received, includinginterference that may cause undesired operation.Warnings and Precautions1. Read all of these warnings and save them for later reference.2. Follow all warnings and instructions marked on this unit.3. Unplug this unit from the wall outlet before cleaning. Do not use liquid oraerosol cleaners. Use a damp cloth for cleaning.4. Do not use this unit in or near water.5. Do not place this unit on an unstable cart, stand, or table. The unit mayfall, causing serious damage.6. Slots and openings on the cabinet top, back, and bottom are providedfor ventilation. To ensure safe and reliable operation of this unit, and to protect it from overheating, do not block or cover these openings. Do not place this unit on a bed, sofa, rug, or similar surface, as the ventilation openings on the bottom of the cabinet will be blocked. This unit should never be placed near or over a heat register or radiator. This unit should not be placed in a built-in installation unless proper ventilation is provided.7. This product should only be operated from the type of power sourceindicated on the marking label of the AC adapter. If you are not sure of the type of power available, consult your Datavideo dealer or your local power company.8. Do not allow anything to rest on the power cord. Do not locate this unitwhere the power cord will be walked on, rolled over, or otherwise stressed.9. If an extension cord must be used with this unit, make sure that the totalof the ampere ratings on the products plugged into the extension cord do not exceed the extension cord’s rating.10. Make sure that the total amperes of all the units that are plugged into asingle wall outlet do not exceed 15 amperes.11. Never push objects of any kind into this unit through the cabinetventilation slots, as they may touch dangerous voltage points or short out parts that could result in risk of fire or electric shock. Never spill liquid of any kind onto or into this unit.12. Except as specifically explained elsewhere in this manual, do notattempt to service this product yourself. Opening or removing covers that are marked “Do Not Remove” may expose you to dangerous voltage points or other risks, and will void your warranty. Refer all service issues to qualified service personnel.13. Unplug this product from the wall outlet and refer to qualified servicepersonnel under the following conditions:a. When the power cord is damaged or frayed;b. When liquid has spilled into the unit;c. When the product has been exposed to rain or water;d. When the product does not operate normally under normaloperating conditions. Adjust only those controls that are covered bythe operating instructions in this manual; improper adjustment ofother controls may result in damage to the unit and may oftenrequire extensive work by a qualified technician to restore the unit tonormal operation;e. When the product has been dropped or the cabinet has beendamaged;f. When the product exhibits a distinct change in performance,indicating a need for service.WarrantyStandard Warranty•Datavideo equipment are guaranteed against any manufacturing defects for one year from the date of purchase.•The original purchase invoice or other documentary evidence should be supplied at the time of any request for repair underwarranty.•The product warranty period begins on the purchase date. If the purchase date is unknown, the product warranty period begins onthe thirtieth day after shipment from a Datavideo office.•All non-Datavideo manufactured products (product withoutDatavideo logo) have only one year warranty from the date ofpurchase.•Damage caused by accident, misuse, unauthorized repairs, sand, grit or water is not covered under warranty.•Viruses and malware infections on the computer systems are not covered under warranty.•Any errors that are caused by unauthorized third-party software installations, which are not required by our computer systems, arenot covered under warranty.•All mail or transportation costs including insurance are at the expense of the owner.•All other claims of any nature are not covered.•All accessories including headphones, cables, and batteries are not covered under warranty.•Warranty only valid in the country or region of purchase.•Your statutory rights are not affected.Three Year Warranty•All Datavideo products purchased after July 1st,2017 are qualified for a free two yearsextension to the standard warranty, providingthe product is registered with Datavideo within30 days of purchase.•Certain parts with limited lifetime expectancy such as LCD panels, DVD drives, Hard Drive, Solid State Drive, SD Card, USB ThumbDrive, Lighting, Camera module, PCIe Card are covered for 1 year.•The three-year warranty must be registered on Datavideo's official website or with your local Datavideo office or one of its authorizeddistributors within 30 days of purchase.DisposalFor EU Customers only - WEEE MarkingThis symbol on the product indicates that it should notbe treated as household waste. It must be handedover to the applicable take-back scheme for therecycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment.For more detailed information about the recycling ofthis product, please contact your local Datavideo office.CE Marking is the symbol as shown on the left of this page.The letters "CE" are the abbreviation of French phrase"Conformité Européene" which literally means "EuropeanConformity". The term initially used was "EC Mark" and it wasofficially replaced by "CE Marking" in the Directive 93/68/EECin 1993. "CE Marking" is now used in all EU officialdocuments.IntroductionDAC-90 is an audio de-embedding box that allows the user to de-embed 16 analog audio signals (4 at a time) from the SDI video signal.It features 3G/HD/SD-SDI to support up to 1080p/60 video format and automatically detects and switches between different formats. In addition, 4 mini XLR audio connectors are provided to output analog audio to audio devices such as monitors, recorders, switchers, and audio mixers.SMPTE and EBU settings are available on the audio box and assignments of the de-embedded audio signal are set using the built-in DIP switches.Features•Audio de-embedding from SDI signal•Automatic detection of 3G, HD, and SD signals• 4 analog MINI XLR audio outputs•Assignable de-embedded audio signals•Audio level indicator display•Switchable SMPTE and EBU audio levels•Control via DIP SwitchesConnections & ControlsFront PanelRear Panel4 PIN DIP Switch ConfigurationFirmware Update1.Disconnect DC 12V Power Supply from DAC-90 and remove Mini-USBconnection2.Set DIP SW4 to 1 (1: down; 0: up)3.Connect the DAC-90 mini-USB port to the PC via a USB cable (you do notneed to connect the DC 12V Power at this point and the PWR LED should be off)4.The PC will detect the USB device. If this is your first time connecting theDAC-90 to the PC, you will see “DAC-90 Datavideo Tech USB Drive”an empty drive after it is opened.5.Copy and paste the latest firmware file (DAC-90-FW-v1.00.bin) to the device6.Safely remove the Datavideo USB device7.Set DIP SW 4 to 0 and then remove the Mini USB connection after theupdate is completed8.After the DC 12V Power Supply is connected, you will then see the PWR LEDturned on, Audio Level Indicators all ON and then fade towards the left, indicating that the device is operating properly.Frequently-Asked QuestionsThis section describes problems that you may encounter while using DAC-90. If you have questions, please refer to related sections and follow all the suggested solutions. If problem still exists, please contact your distributor or the service center.No. ProblemsSolutions1.What are the corresponding SMPTE and EBU audio output levels?If the maximum SDI audio input level is 0 dBFS, then the Mini-XLR output level is 24dBu for SMPTE and 18dBu for EBU.Dimensions & WeightAll measurements in mm Unboxed Unit Weight: 0.37 Kg Boxed Unit Weight: 0.6 KgSpecificationsInterfaceSDI Video Input3G/HD/SD SDI x 1SDI Video Output 3G/HD/SD SDI x 1 (Re-clocked Loop through) Analog Audio Output Mini XLR (Balanced) x 4Audio Level Indicator Power LED x 1Audio Level LED : 4 rowsUpdates andConfiguration Mini USB x 1StandardsSDI Format Support SD:NTSC 525/29.97 and PAL 625/25HD:1080p 23.98/24/25/29.97/30/50/59.94/60 1080i 50/59.94/60720p 23.98/24/25/29.97/30/50/59.94/60SDI Compliance SMPTE 259M, SMPTE 292M, SMPTE 296M, SMPTE 424M, SMPTE 425M-ABITU-R BT.656, ITU-R BT.1120-6SDI Video Rates SDI video connections are switchable betweenstandard definition and high definition.SDI Video Sampling 4:2:2 / 4:4:4SDI Audio Sampling 24-bit (SD 20-bit), 48KHzSDI Color Precision 4:2:2 / 4:4:4 (8/10/12-bit)SDI Color Space YUV, RGBSDI Auto Switching Automatically detects SD, HD, 3GAudio Level SMPTE and EBU switchableGeneral Settings Control DIP SwitchPower Supply DC 12VOperatingTemperature 0°C to 50°C (32°F to 122°F) Operating Humidity 10% to 90% (non condensing) Certification CE, FCCAccessory Power Adapter, QSGAll the trademarks are the properties of their respective owners. Datavideo Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved 2018Service & SupportJan-16.2018Please visit our website for latest manual /product/DAC-90It is our goal to make your products ownership a satisfying experience. Our supporting staff is available to assist you in setting up and operating your system. Please refer to our web site for answers tocommon questions, support requests or contact your local office below.DATAVIDEO WORLDWIDE OFFICES Tel: +1-562-696 2324Fax:+1-562-698 6930E-mail:*******************E-mail:******************Datavideo Technologies China Co601,Building 10,No.1228,Rd.Jiangchang,Jingan District,Shanghai Tel: +86 21-5603 6599Fax:+86 21-5603 6770E-mail:********************Datavideo Visual Technology(S) Pte Ltd No. 178 Paya Lebar Road #06-07Singapore 409030Tel: +65-6749 6866Fax:+65-6749 3266E-mail:****************************Datavideo Technologies Co. Ltd 10F. No. 176, Jian 1st Rd.,Chung Ho District, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan Tel: +886-2-8227-2888Fax:+886-2-8227-2777E-mail:*********************.tw Datavideo Corporation 7048 Elmer Avenue.Whittier, CA 90602, U.S.A.Datavideo UK LimitedBrookfield House, Brookfield Industrial Estate, Peakdale Road, Glossop, Derbyshire, SK13 6LQ Tel: +44-1457 851 000Fax:+44-1457 850 964E-mail:******************.uk Datavideo Technologies China Co 902, No. 1 business building, Xiangtai Square, No. 129,Yingxiongshan Road, Shizhong District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China Tel: +86 531-8607 8813E-mail:********************Datavideo France s.a.r.l.Cité Descartes 1, rue Albert Einstein Champs sur Marne 774477 –Marne la Vallée cedex 2Tel: +33-1-60370246Fax:+33-1-60376732E-mail:*****************Datavideo Hong Kong Ltd G/F.,26 Cross Lane Wanchai, Hong KongTel: +852-2833-1981Fax:+852-2833-9916E-mail:******************.hk Datavideo India NoidaFax:+91-0120-2427338E-mail:******************Tel: +91-0120-2427337A-132, Sec-63,Noida-201307, IndiaDatavideo India KochiTel: +91 4844-025336Fax:+91 4844-0476962nd Floor- North Wing, Govardhan Building,Opp. NCC Group Headquaters, Chittoor Road, Cochin- 682035Datavideo Technologies Europe BV Floridadreef 1063565 AM Utrecht,The NetherlandsTel: +31-30-261-96-56Fax:+31-30-261-96-57E-mail:*****************Datavideo Technologies China Co No. 812, Building B, Wankai Center,No.316, Wan Feng Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, ChinaTel: +86 10-8586 9034Fax:+86 10-8586 9074E-mail:********************Datavideo Technologies China CoA1-2318-19 Room,No.8, Aojiang Road,Taijiang District,Fuzhou,Fujian,China Tel**************，*************Fax**************E-mail:********************Datavideo Technologies China Co B-823,Meinian square,No.1388,Middle of Tianfu Avenue,Gaoxin District,Chengdu,SichuanTel: +86 28-8613 7786Fax:+86 28-8513 6486E-mail:********************Datavideo Technologies (S) PTE Ltd No. 178 Paya Lebar Road #06-03Singapore 409030Tel: +65-6749 6866Fax:+65-6749 3266E-mail:******************。