ARoseForEmilyWilliamFaulkner课文作者背景讲解

A Rose for Emily 的评析(2010-06-21 23:49:34)转载▼标签：文化威廉.福克纳和他的《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》摘要：福克纳把南方的历史和现实社会作为自己创作源泉而成为美国南方文学的代表。

《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》通过爱米丽的爱情悲剧揭示了新旧秩序的斗争及没落贵族阶级的守旧心态，福克纳运用神秘、暗语、象征、时序颠倒等写作手法来揭示这一主题。

关键词：威廉·福克纳；献给爱米丽的玫瑰；南方小说一、威廉·福克纳的南方情结威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner，1897-1962)是美国文学史上久负盛名的作家之一，生于密西西比州一个在内战中失去财富和地位的没落的南方种植园家庭。

福克纳的大多数作品都以美国南方为背景，强调南方主题和南方意识。

在他19部长篇小说和75篇短篇小说中，绝大多数小说的故事都发生在他虚构的美国的约克纳帕塔法县(Yoknapatawpha county）和杰弗生镇。

这些作品所展示的生活画卷和人物形象构成了福克纳笔下的“约克纳帕塔法世系”。

“约克纳帕塔法世系”是以该县家族的兴衰、变迁为主题，故事所跨越的时间上起自印地安人与早期殖民者交往的岁月，止于第二次世界大战后，长约二百年。

他的世系小说依南方家系人物的生活而展开，以南方浓郁的泥土气息伴随着因工业文明而带来的焦虑、惶惑、无奈，把一百多年来即从1800年到第二次世界大战之后社会发展过程中，南方人所独有的情感和心态通过独特的艺术方式展示出来，可谓一部“南方生活的史诗”。

在这部史诗的字里行间，留下了作家的血与泪之痕：割不断爱恋南方古老精神的一片深情，可又抵御不了现代文明进程的必然性。

正如福克纳所说：“我爱南方，也憎恨它。

这里有些东西我本不喜欢。

但是我生在这里，这是我的家。

因此，我愿意继续维护它，即便是怀着憎恨。

”这种矛盾恰好构成了福克纳情感意识及其小说世界的无穷魅力。

结果，约克纳帕塔法县成了旧南方的象征，而福克纳也借此成功地表现了整个南方社会的历史和意识。

作品分析题（18分）1. Faulkner‟s A Rose for EmilyThis story happens after the American Civil War, in Jefferson Town. It‟s a story about an eccentric spinster named Emily Grierson whose marriage is totally manipulated by her father. Two years after her father‟s death, poor Emily is acquainted with a northerner called Homer Barron, a day laborer and she falls in love with him. However, their relation is short-lived as Homer becomes tired of her and intends to get rid of her. In order to keep Homer at hand, Emily kills him with arsenic and “obtain”him, thus, she sleeps with his corpse for decades. This is the truth that villagers find after her death. From my own perspective, this masterpiece reflects the decline of the southern society and reveals the conflicts between the two different value systems and two societies after the American Civil War. Then, I will explain my opinions from the following two aspects: character, symbol .Emily is an embodiment of the south, the old and tradition. At the very beginning of this story, the writer recounts the decoration of her house which is still 1870s style, isn‟t change any more. Besides, she is also obstinate. When the new government compel the taxes on her，she refuses to pay the tax and even ridiculously mentions a colonel who has been dead almost ten years. Another example is that she prevents people from installing mail-box on the wall. She keeps the traditional views all the long，but resists to change anything. However, poor Emily is a determined woman. Regardless of people‟s criticism, she insists on marrying a northerner whose social position is apparently lower than her. It is known that in that period of time, hierarchy is prevailing and deep-rooted through out the society. It particularly has a profound influence on marriage. When someone chooses a partner, he or she must consider the social position of the other party to the marriage. However, Emily chooses to disobey the convention and challenges tradition. Given this situation, her failure is quite expectable. However, she cannot get rid of the shackles of the Southern conventions. After all, she captures her lover in her own way and the love is treated with honor.Her father, the old Grierson, is also an incarnation of the South, patriarchy and tradition. He was very fastidious about her daughter‟s marriage and drove away every man who caught the fancy of her. “When she got to thirty and was still single”. Obviously, both her body and mind are enslaved by her father‟s traditional concept. Therefore, she feels released when her father is dead, and there is no “trace of grief on her face”.In this novel, Emily symbolizes the South, old and tradition, the Y ankee represents the North, new and modern. Both young guys might be interested in each other when they first meet. But they possess altogether different values or concept of lives. So they inevitably separated before long. The conflict between the two partners symbolizes the conflict between the South and the North. And the absurd murder aggravates the contradictions.The “Rose”, that is never mentioned in this novel, is always interpreted conventionally as a symbol of love. It might be used as the love Emily gets from her lover. But in my opinion the rose mainly represents decay and death. At the time the villagers went to her room and found the valance curtains of faded rose color and the rose-shaded lights in the room. Actually, the author plays a trick on Miss Emily. In fact, she doesn‟t really get any love from any man whether it is from her lover or her father. Emily could have a favorable marriage but for her father‟s interference. She could have got her deserved love from Homer. But on account of her obstinacy and pride, she receives tiredness and indifference, instead of affection---rose, from him. Thus, as an outsider, the author or the villagers, they give a rose as a tribute to Emily. Besides, the rose also stands for the author‟s and villager s‟pity, sympathy and lament for Emily, whose mind is imprisoned in the past and fails to adapt to the change. What‟s more, the author, “William Faulkner objectifies his complicated and emotional involvement in the South and in the people who grow up and live there ever since”.2. Robert Frost‟s The Road Not TakenTwo roads diverged in a yellow wood, 黄色的树林里分出两条路And sorry I could not travel both 可惜我不能同时去涉足And be one traveler, long I stood 我在那路口久久伫立And looked down one as far as I could 我向着一条路极目望去To where it bent in the undergrowth; 直到它消失在丛林深处Then took the other, as just as fair, 但我却选择了另外一条路And having perhaps the better claim, 它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂Because it was grassy and wanted wear; 显得更诱人，更美丽Though as for that the passing there 虽然在这条小路上Had worn them really about the same, 很少留下旅人的足迹And both that morning equally lay 那天清晨落叶满地In leaves no step had trodden black. 两条路都未经脚印污染Oh, I kept the first for another day! 呵，留下一条路等改日再见Y et knowing how way leads on to way, 但我知道路径延绵无尽头I doubted if I should ever come back. 恐怕我难以再回返I shall be telling this with a sigh 也许多少年后在某一个地方Somewhere ages and ages hence: 我将轻声叹息把往事回顾Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—一片森林里分出两条路I took the one less traveled by, 而我却选择了人迹更少的一条And that has made all the difference. 从此决定了我一生的道路赏析："The Road Not Taken" is a poem by Robert Frost. It is the first poem in the volume and is printed in italics. The title is often mistakenly given as "The Road Less Traveled", from the penultimate line: "I took the one less traveled by". The poem has two recognized interpretations:one is a more literal interpretation, while the other is more ironic. According to the literal interpretation, the poem isinspirational, a paean to individualism and non-conformism.The poem consists of four sta nzas. In the first stanza, the speaker describes his position. He has been out walking in the woods and comes to two roads, and he stands looking as far down each one as he can see. He would like to try out both, but doubts he could do that, so therefore he continues to look down t he roads for a long time trying to make his decision about which road to take.The ironic in terpretation, widely held by critics,[1][5] is that the poem is instead about regret and personal myth-making, rationalizing our decision. In this interpretation, the final two lines: “I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference.”are ironic: the choice made little or no difference at all, the speaker‟s protestations to the contrary. The speaker admits in the second and third stanzas that both paths may be equally worn and equally leaf-covered, and it is only in his future recollection that he will call one road “less traveled by”.3. Emily Di ckinson‟s“Because I could not stop for Death- Because I could not stop for DeathHe kindly stopped for meThe Carriage held but just OurselvesAnd Immortality.We slowly drove – He knew no hasteAnd I had put awayMy labor and my leisure too,For His Civility –We passed the School, where Children stroveAt Recess – in the Ring –We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain –We passed the Setting Sun –Or rather – He passed Us –The Dews drew quivering and chill –For only Gossamer, my Gown –My Tippet – only – Tulle –We paused before a House that seemedA Swelling of the Ground –The Roof was scarcely visible –The Cornice – in the Ground-Since then –…tis Centuries – and yetFeels shorter than the DayI first surmised the Horses HeadsWere toward Eternity –。

a rose for emily解读与译赏《A Rose for Emily》是美国作家威廉·福克纳的短篇小说，被认为是福克纳最杰出的作品之一。

这个故事揭示了一位孤独的南方女性艾米丽·格里森的生活，以及她与社会的冲突和疏离感。

故事以艾米丽的葬礼开始，随后回溯到她生前的往事。

艾米丽是一个古怪而孤立的人物，她居住在一个受到时间遗忘的南方小镇，被当地人视为传奇。

她的父亲在她年轻的时候过世，使得她变得孤独和隐居。

她与一个北方建筑师霍默·巴伦的关系引起了镇上人的不满和猜疑，但他们之间的真实情况始终是个谜。

艾米丽的生活充满了秘密和谜团，她甚至杀害了她的恋人霍默并将他的尸体保存在一个密封的房间中。

这种行为揭示了她的精神崩溃和对时间的无法接受。

她试图保存过去的美好时光，但却无法逃脱时间的流逝。

作者通过描写艾米丽的故事，深入探讨了社会和传统观念对个体的压迫和破坏。

这个故事中的玫瑰象征着美好的过去和爱情。

艾米丽失去了父亲和她的恋人，她试图保留他们的存在并抵抗时间的消逝。

她在封闭的世界里过着与现实隔绝的生活，就像一个被遗忘的花朵。

然而，随着时间的推移，玫瑰凋谢了，就像艾米丽最终被时间所击败。

《A Rose for Emily》是福克纳对南方社会的批判，揭示了社会对个人的限制和破坏力量。

艾米丽代表着被压迫和被孤立的个体，她的悲剧反映了整个社会体系的腐败和堕落。

通过描写艾米丽的故事，福克纳呈现了一个关于时间、孤独和爱的复杂而深刻的图景。

总之，《A Rose for Emily》是一部充满象征主义和深度的文学作品，通过描述一个女性的孤独和精神崩溃，揭示了社会对个体的压迫和摧毁。

福克纳通过这个故事，向读者展示了一个关于时间、爱和社会的不公的悲剧。

“A Rose for Emily”中译本赏析摘要：A Rose for Emily《献给埃米莉的玫瑰》讲述了美国南北战争后南方小镇——杰弗逊镇上没落的格尔森贵族家庭中埃米莉的悲剧故事。

作者威廉·卡斯伯特·福克纳（William Cuthbert Faulkner）为美国文学史上最具影响力的作家之一，美国“南方文艺复兴”时期成就最显著的南方作家和现代主义作家。

文章以杨岂深先生的中译本为例，对小说分别从忠实的标准，形似与神似的矛盾，主人公对话语言的描写三个方面进行翻译研究，提高读者的文学素养，提升文学翻译实践能力。

关键词：杨岂深译本；忠实；形似与神似；对话；翻译研究前言A rose for Emily《献给埃米莉的玫瑰》为南方文学鼻祖威廉·福克纳（William Faukner）所创作的著名短篇小说。

该小说讲述了美国南北战争后南方小镇——杰弗逊镇上没落的格尔森贵族家庭中埃米莉的悲剧故事。

埃米莉被家族和社会冠以传统的象征。

作为南方腐朽传统的受害者，她秉性孤傲、生活与世隔绝、心理个性压抑而扭曲，为占有爱情，毒杀情人并与之尸首同床共枕相眠几十年，最终在黑房子与黑奴相伴74年后而亡。

小说文笔凝练，布局精细，人物形象突出鲜明，创新的构思框架与震惊的结局，令人拍案叫绝。

威廉·卡斯伯特·福克纳（William Cuthbert Faulkner，1897年9月25日-1962年7月6日），美国小说家、诗人和剧作家，美国文学史上最具影响力的作家之一，美国“南方文艺复兴”时期成就最显著的南方作家和现代主义作家。

他一生共创作了19部长篇小说与120多篇短篇小说，其中15部长篇与绝大多数短篇的故事都发生在约克纳帕塔法县，称为“约克纳帕塔法（Yocanapatafa）世系”。

因“对当代美国小说做出了强有力的和艺术上无与伦比的贡献”，福克纳成为1949年诺贝尔文学奖得主。

《献给埃米莉的玫瑰》具有沉重的悲剧感和哥特式小说传统，情节组织超越了时间顺序，艺术手法独特。

A_rose_for_Emily赏析.doc《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》是美国著名作家威廉·福克纳的代表性短篇小说之一，讲述了一个有关孤独和死亡的故事。

小说叙事手法巧妙，通过回溯式叙事、时间叙事和意识流等手法，将人物的内心感受和思想渐次展现，在淡雅的笔触下，揭示出人性的各种暗面，让人深思和共鸣。

小说主要讲述了南方小镇杰斐逊市的一位老处女艾米丽·格里森的一生。

在小说的开头，艾米丽被描述为一个古怪的老太太，她家里充满了过时的东西，而她自己也常常被乡亲们阻挠。

接着，小说通过回溯式叙事，讲述了艾米丽的一生，其中最重要的部分是她与一个年轻的北方建筑师荷马的关系。

荷马是一位充满生机和活力的年轻人，他的到来为杰斐逊市带来了新的生命和希望。

然而，荷马的出现并没有给艾米丽带来幸福，反而让她更加孤独和悲伤。

艾米丽沉迷于对荷马的爱情中，不断地对他进行控制和束缚，最终导致了荷马的死亡。

为了保持她的爱情不死，艾米丽甚至在荷马死后将他的尸体保存了下来，直到她自己去世。

小说最后一段描述了艾米丽死亡之后，人们在她家里发现了荷马的尸体，这是一个极其恐怖和荒谬的场景。

艾米丽为了守护自己的爱情，不惜走向疯狂和破坏。

整个小说通过叙事技巧和情节安排，将艾米丽的生活和性格深入地展现出来，既描述了她生活的历程和经历的痛苦，也揭示了她内心的苦闷和恐惧。

《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》在结构上非常紧凑，通过叙事的逐层深入，将人物的形象和内心深处逐渐丰富起来。

福克纳的笔法又非常细腻，运用隐喻、象征、反讽等众多手法来刻画人物和表达主题。

这些手法让读者在阅读过程中不仅能够深刻理解人物的内心，还能够共鸣和思考他们所代表的意义。

总之，《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》是一篇富有深度和思想性的小说，它通过对艾米丽一生的描写，呈现了生命和死亡、孤独和爱情等多重主题，令人深感震撼和感悟。

它不仅是福克纳作品中的经典之作，也是世界文学史上不可忽略的一篇文学佳作。

福克纳小说献给艾米丽的玫瑰a rose for emily赏析《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》是菲利普·威廉斯·福克纳写于1930年作品中的一篇短篇小说，融合了悲剧、哀思、爱情和时代话题，深受读者喜爱。

小说说述了南方小镇斯威普霍尔特一位名叫艾米丽的老小姐的故事：艾米丽的青春期起先幸福美满，但她的母亲和父亲过早逝世，之后社会环境也更加糟糕，使她的全部世界被封锁，甚至连其朝思暮想都无法触及。

更糟糕的是，艾米丽还不得不忍受一个深恶痛绝的绝密，但最终，在小镇居民们的渗透下，关于艾米丽的秘密也慢慢浮出了水面，小说结束的时候，艾米丽究竟是用了无法用言语表达的情感支付了代价，还是以某种求死的友情洒脱的到底成未可知。

《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》用一个苦难的少女艾米丽的故事，对英雄主义和爱情的一次再次探讨，让我们进入艾米丽无法跨越的牢笼，更是让我们理解她不能承受的“献给艾米丽的玫瑰”，也看到了艾米丽赴死坚持到最后，赢得自由的英勇牺牲，而在最后，艾米丽的秘密，却成为了艾米丽永远的伙伴，也深深融入了每个人的心里。

小说中艾米丽的这一段经历，展现了作家给与人生深思的状态，他试图突出艾米丽曾一度坚强与孤独的宏大仪式，还有她曾以愤怒与悲伤来抗争有偏见的社会外在文化。

他进一步指出，尽管人们费尽心机介入艾米丽的世界，但最后，艾米丽仍然站立在某个难以表达的世界中，就像一朵玫瑰一样，在经历风雨的洗礼后，艾米丽的骄傲与挚爱依然一直伴随着她的一生，永不凋零。

艾米丽的人物形象，启发读者直至今天仍在反思，却仍旧无法确定小说里实际上发生了什么，比如，艾米丽是怎样承受了这一切的折磨？最后，她到底做出了什么选择？艾米丽强颜欢笑以维持下去，也让我们意识到了活着的每一刻的珍贵，也让人明白到，在一个被遗忘的世界里，人总是不得不自强，继续活下去，最终，她站在乐观与悲哀的路口，把守着一份绝密的爱情，这份爱情，给了她勇气，让她走到终点。

A rose for EmilyThis story happens after the American Civil War, in Jefferson Town. It’s a story about an eccentric spinster named Emily Grierson whose marriage is totally manipulated by her father. Two years after her father’s death, poor Emily is acquainted with a northerner called Homer Barron, a day laborer and she falls in love with him. However, their relationis short-lived as Homer becomes tired of her and intends to get rid of her. In order to keep Homer at hand, Emily kills him with arsenic and “obtain” him, thus, she sleeps with his corpse for decades. T his is the truth that villagers find after her death. From my own perspective, this masterpiece r eflects the decline of the southern society and reveals the conflicts between the two different value systems and two societies after the American Civil War. Then, I will explain my opinions from the following three aspects: character, symbol and setting.Emily is an embodiment of the south, the old and tradition. At the very beginning of this story, the writer recounts the decoration of her house which is still 1870s style, isn’t change any more. Besides, she is also obstinate. When the new government compel the taxes on her，she refuses to pay the tax and even ridiculously mentions a colonel who has been dead almost ten years. Another example is that she prevents people from installing mail-box on the wall. She keeps the traditional views all the long，but resists to change anything. However, poor Emily is a determined woman. Regardless of people’s criticism, she insists on marrying a northerner whose social position is apparently lower than her. It is known that in that period of time, hierarchy is prevailing and deep-rooted through outthe society. It particularly has a profound influence on marriage. When someone chooses a partner, he or she must consider the social position of the other party to the marriage. However, Emily chooses to disobey the convention and challenges tradition. Given this situation, her failure is quite expectable. However, she cannot get rid of the shackles of the Southern conventions. After all, she captures her lover in her own way and the love is treated with honor.Her father, the old Grierson, is also an incarnation of the South, patriarchy and tradition. He was very fastidious about her daughter’s marriage and drove away every manwho caught the fancy of her. “When she got to thirty and was still single”. Obviously, both her body and mind are enslaved by her father’s traditional concept. Therefore, she feels“trace of grief on her face”.released when her father is dead, and there is noIn this novel, Emily symbolizes the South, old and tradition, the Yankee represents the North, new and modern. Both young guys might be interested in each other when they first meet. But they possess altogether different values or concept of lives. So they inevitably separated b efore long. The conflict between the two partners symbolizes the conflict between the South and the North. And the absurd murder aggravates the contradictions.The “Rose”, that is never mentioned in this novel, is always interpreted conventionally as a symbol of love. It might be used as the love Emily gets from her lover. But in my opinion the rose mainly represents d ecay and death. At the time the villagers went to her room and found the valance curtains of faded rose color and the rose-shaded lights in the room. Actually, the author plays a trick on Miss Emily. In fact, she doesn’t really get any love from any man whether it is from her lover or her father. Emily could have a favorable marriage but for her father’s interference. She could have got her deserved love from Homer. But on account of her obstinacy and pride, she receives tiredness and indifference, instead of affection---rose, from him. Thus, as an outsider, the author or the villagers, they give a rose as a tribute to Emily. Besides, the rose also stands for the author’s and villagers’pity, sympathy and lament for Emily, whose mind is imprisoned in the past and fails to adapt to the change. What’s more, the author, “William Faulkner objectifies his complicated and emotional involvement in the South and in the people who grow up and live there ever since”. (英美文学选读应试指南，P237)The story teller begins his story when it is post-civil war. In Jefferson Town, in the South, which is defeated by the North, everything including concept and some sense of value is gradually replaced by the new concepts from the North. In this background, due to the restriction of the traditional ideas, some people are imprisoned in the past and ignore the passage of time. And Miss Emily is one of them. The whole story is set in Emily’s house. But the story has a time span of over two scores. Her house is depicted asold but grand. Seen from the outside, the house is really outdated and is not in accord with other residential buildings—it’s really an eyesore. The house perfectly mirrors Emily’s isolation from the outside world. From the inner decoration of her house, everything is covered with dust and the air is humid. Besides，there is a crayon portrait of Miss Emily’s father. The description of the house paves a way for the development of scenario. As a reader, I might feel ghastly. Therefore, it’s conceivable that the spine-chilling story happens there. At the end of the story, out of curiosity, people go into her chamber，seeing faded rose color curtains, the rose-shaded lights and delicate array of crystal and the man's toilet things backed with tarnished silver. The whole room speaks the life Emily goes through and indicates the decay of the Southern aristocrat.When I finished reading the story, a sincere sympathy emerges in my mind. Emily is totally a tragedy of the old traditions. She is a prisoner of the past, of the social and moral taboos of the South. Not only because she is purely a woman, but also the stubborn conventions manacle her that result in her frustrated life. Even so，she could have a better life after her father’s death. However, she doesn’t get out of the tower her father built for her. On the contrary, she builds another one, and locks her soul. In our daily life, everything is changing everyday. As an individual, we can only adapt ourselves to the protean environment and should learn to accept new things. Only when we keep learning everyday can we survive in this world which is full of competition.Reference戴桂玉Examinee’s Guide to Selected Readings in English and American Literatures （2005）P237。