clippers
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三甲模拟检查——院感内容提问汇总(一)专家提问:1.消毒灭菌的概念?2.什么是标准预防?3.医疗废物分几类?纱布、棉球、属于哪一类?4.传染病防治法颁布时间?5.三管感染预防控制措施?6.针刺伤的处理流程?7.无菌技术的原则?(二)标准答案1.消毒灭菌的概念?答:消毒的定义:清除或杀灭传播媒介上病原微生物,使其达到无害化的处理。
灭菌的定义:杀灭或清除医疗器械、器具和物品上一切微生物的处理。
2.什么是标准预防?答:标准预防的定义:认为病人的血液、体液、分泌物均具有传染性,须进行隔离。
凡接触上述物质者均必须采取防护措施,而不论是否具有明显的血液污染或是否接触非完整的皮肤与黏膜。
3.医疗废物分几类?纱布、棉球、属于哪一类?答:医疗废物分五类,包括感染性废物、病理性废物、化学性废物、损伤性废物、药物性废物。
纱布、棉球、属于感染性废物。
(1)感染性废物:携带病原微生物具有引发感染性疾病传播危险的医疗废物。
(2)病理性废物:诊疗过程中产生的人体废弃物和医学实验动物尸体等。
注意:胎儿遗体、婴儿遗体,以及可辨认的人体组织、器官、肢体等严禁按医疗废物处置,应纳入遗体管理。
(3)损伤性废物:能够刺伤或者割伤人体的废弃的医用锐器。
(4)药物性废物:过期、淘汰、变质或者被污染的废弃的药品。
(5)化学性废物:具有毒性、腐蚀性、易燃易爆性的废弃的化学物品。
4.传染病防治法颁布时间?答:传染病防治法于1989年2月21日第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第六次会议通过,2004年8月28日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议于修订,修订后的传染病防治法于2004年12月1日起实施。
5.三管感染预防控制措施?答:呼吸机相关肺炎预防控制措施:(1)若无禁忌证,患者床头应抬高30°~40°。
(2)每日4-6小时一次氯己定口腔卫生。
(3)及时倾倒管道及集水杯的冷凝水,(4)经口气管插管优于经鼻气管插管,气管套囊应保持在25~30cmH2O。
NBA 各种投篮方式(slam) dunk :(强力)灌篮bank shot :擦板球double pump :拉杆式投篮(verb)fade-away shot :后仰式跳投hook shot :钩射投篮jump shot :跳投layup :带球上篮perimeter shot :中距离投篮set shot :立定投篮three-point shot :三分球NBA 各种统计术语assist :助攻block shot :阻攻,盖火锅儿defensive rebound :防守篮板球field goal percentage :投球命中率field goal :投球命中free throw percentage :罚球命中率free throw :罚球offensive rebound :进攻篮板球rebound :篮板球scoring :得分steal :抢断three-point shot percentage :三分球命中率turnover :失误NBA 场地装备backboard :篮板back court :后场freethrow lane :罚球圈,禁区freethrow line :罚球线front court :前场game clock :比赛用时钟halftime :中场休息时间hoop :篮框,篮圈mid-court :中场net:篮网painted area :罚球圈,禁区restricted area near the basket :禁区内篮框下的小圆圈区域rim :篮框,篮圈scoring table :记录台,记分台shot clock :时限钟(进攻方在24 秒内必须投篮,并且球必须触及篮框,否则即违例)three-point line :三分(球)线top of the circle :靠近禁区顶端之三分(球)线附近wing:(左、右两边)底线区域NBA 规则blocking foul :阻挡犯规buzzer:(比赛用的)蜂鸣器(表示时间终了,换人…等)charging foul :(带球)撞人(犯规)dead ball :死球(停止比赛进行时段)defensive basket interference :防守方干扰投篮得分delay of game :阻碍比赛之正常进行disqualification :犯满离场,“毕业” double dribble :两次运球(违例)ejection :驱逐出场elbowing :肘击expiration (of game, first half :(全场比赛,上半场…的比赛)时间终了first half :上半场first (second, third, fourth) period :比赛的第一(第二,第三,第四)节five ticks left on the (game clock, shot clock :(全场比赛)时限钟上…的)时间只剩下5 秒钟flagrant foul :恶性犯规foul :犯规foul out :犯满离场,“毕业”foul trouble :快要犯满离场,“领到一张准毕业证书”full timeout :全时(100 秒的)暂停goaltending :干扰投篮得分hand-checking :以手掌推挡对方进攻球员之犯规动作held ball :持球(双方均持球不放)illegal defense :防守违例illegal offense :进攻违例(见isolation )isolation :四位进攻球员在一边,而由第五位球员单吃对方防守球员jump ball :争球,跳球loose ball foul :双方均无持球权时的犯规(通常发生于双方争夺篮板球时)offensive basket interference :进攻方干扰投篮得分out of bound :球出界线(千万不要说outside )overtime :加时赛,延长赛referee :裁判second half :下半场shot clock violation :违反24 秒内必须投篮(并且球必须触及篮框)时限之规定substitute :换人(上场、下场)suspension :停赛(之处罚)technical foul :技术犯规ten-second violation :进攻方10 秒钟内未带球过中场之违例three-second violation :(篮下)3 秒钟之违例throw a punch :出拳打架throw in :发球入场traveling :(带球)走步twenty-second timeout :只有20 秒钟之暂停walking :(带球)走步NBA 战术backdoor cut :从两边底线往篮下的战术block out :把对方球员挡住,使其不易强到篮球赛,卡位cut :切入double team :用两位防守球员包夹进攻球员dribble out the time :进攻方以运球方式消耗掉比赛所剩下时间eat up the clock :进攻方以运球或传球方式消耗掉比赛所剩下时间fast break :快攻foul strategy :犯规战术give and go :(进攻方持球球员的)传切战术jockey for position :(篮下)卡位milk the time away :进攻方以运球或传球方式消耗掉比赛所剩下时间one-one-one defense :人盯人防守pick and roll :(进攻方做掩护之球员的)挡切战术post-up play :(进攻方持球球员背对篮框)单吃对方防守球员之战术triple team :用三位防守球员包夹进攻球员zone defense :区域防守,区域联防NBA 动作(throw a) baseball pass :(快攻时)长传(shoot) an air ball :(投)篮外空心球,“面包“behind-the-back dribble :背后(换手)运球carrying the ball :“翻球”cross-leg dribble :胯下运球dribble :运球driving to the hoop :带球上篮four-point play :投进3 分球后因被犯规再罚进一分hacking :打手犯规holding :拉手犯规make the basket :投篮得分make the hoop :投篮得分monster dunk :狂猛灌篮nothing but the net :空心球(入篮)palming :“翻球”reverse dunk :倒灌篮reverse lay-up :反手走篮shoot behind the arc :投三分球score a basket :投篮得分swish :空心球(入篮)tap in :托球入篮three-point play :投进2 分球后因被犯规再罚进一分NBA 球队球员assistant coach :助理教练backcourt :后卫组(包括控球后卫及得分后卫)backup :后备(替换,支持)球员bench :(指全体)后备(替换,支持)球员bench player :(指个人)后备(替换,支持)球员center 中锋(又称5 号位置球员)coach :教练frontline :锋线(包括大前锋,小前锋,中锋)GM (general manager ):球队经理Mascot :球队吉祥物MVP :最有价值球员one-guard :控球后卫point guard :组织后卫,控球后卫power forward :大前锋(又称4 号位置球员)rookie :菜鸟(球员)shooting guard (two-guard ):得分后卫sixth man :第六人small forward :小前锋(又称3 号位置球员)sophomore :第二年球员starter :(指个人)先发球员starting lineup :(指全体)先发球员swingman: 摇摆人(指兼能担任得分后卫及小前锋的球员)trainer :球队训练员veteran :资深球员,老鸟(球员)NBA 比赛away game :客场比赛final :总决赛first round :首轮比赛GB (games behind):落后战绩最领先球队的胜场场数guest team :客队home team :主队home court :主场home court advantage :主场优势home game :主场比赛road game :客场比赛losing streak :连败场数,连败纪录post season :季后赛regular season :季赛schedule :赛程semi-final :准决赛standings :战绩(表)winning streak :连胜场数,连胜纪录NBA 球队一览表Western Conference 西区Pacific Division 太平洋赛区Golden State Warriors 金州勇士队LA Clippers 洛杉矶快船队LA Lakers 洛杉矶湖人队Phoenix Suns 凤凰城太阳队Sacramento Kings 萨克拉门托国王队Southwest Division 西南赛区Houston Rockets 休斯敦火箭队Dallas Mavericks 达拉斯小牛队San Antonio Spurs 圣安东尼马刺队New Orleans Hornets 新奥尔良黄蜂队Memphis Grizzlies 孟菲斯灰熊队Northwest Division 西北赛区Minnesota Timberwolves 明尼苏达森林狼队Utah Jazz 犹他爵士队Denver Nuggets 丹佛掘金队Portland Trailblazers (简称Blazers)波特兰拓荒者队Seattle Supersonics (简称Sonics)西雅图超音速队Eastern Conference 东区Southeast Division 东南赛区Orlando Magic 奥兰多魔术队Miami Heat 迈阿密热火队Washington Wizards 华盛顿奇才队Atlanta Hawks 亚特兰大鹰队Charlotte Bobcats 夏洛特山猫队Atlantic Division 大西洋赛区New York Knickerbockers (简称Knicks)纽约尼克斯队Philadelphia 76ers 费城七十六人队Boston Celtics 波士顿凯尔特人队New Jersey Nets 新泽西网队Toronto Raptors 多伦多猛龙队Central Division 中部赛区Chicago Bulls 芝加哥公牛队Cleveland Cavaliers 克里夫兰骑士队Detroit Pistons 底特律活塞队Indiana Pacers 印地安纳步行者队Milwaukee Bucks 密尔沃基雄鹿队NBA 官方网站的每场技术统计的名词翻译及全称:单场比赛POS (position ):球员位置;MIN (minute ):上场时间;FGM-A ( field goal made-attempt ):投篮命中次数-投篮次数;3GM —A (3 point field goal made-attempt ): 3 分命中次数—三分投篮次数;FTM -A(ferr throw made-attempt ):罚球命中次数-罚球次数;O (offensive rebound ):进攻篮板球;D( defensive rebound ):防守篮板球;T( total rebound ):篮板球总数;AST (assist):助攻数;PF(personal foul ):个人犯规数;ST (steal):抢断数;TO( turnover ):失误数;BS ( block shot ):盖帽数;DNP(do not play ):有比赛资格的队员没有上场比赛(由于伤病或教练) ;Team Rebs ( team rebounds ) :团队篮板球数;TOTAL TO ( total turnover ) :全队总失误数(有的失误是因为团队造成比计在队员名下) Fast Break Pts ( fast break points ):快攻得分数;Pts in the Paint :内线(禁区)内得分数;Biggest Lead :最多时领先分数;Lead Changes :领先交换次数;Times Tied :打平次数。
儿童类固醇激素反应性慢性淋巴细胞性炎症伴脑桥周围血管强化症1例报告及文献综述谢萌;邹丽萍;孟岩;马林【摘要】目的探讨类固醇激素反应性慢性淋巴细胞性炎症伴脑桥血管周围强化症(CLIPPERS)的临床及影像学特征.方法回顾性分析1例CLIPPERS患儿的临床特征、影像学特点、治疗、预后及随访情况.结果女性患儿,12岁,表现为四肢无力、步态不稳、右侧视野缺损.神经系统体征主要为双眼球外展受限,双眼球水平位及直立位震颤,左侧面瘫,共济失调.头颅磁共振(MRI)表现为脑桥、延髓、双侧桥臂及左侧中脑呈"胡椒粉样"点状强化病灶.予激素治疗后临床表现及头颅影像明显好转.结论儿童CLIPPERS的临床表现不典型,目前诊断主要依靠影像学及治疗反应.【期刊名称】《临床儿科杂志》【年(卷),期】2015(033)011【总页数】4页(P933-936)【关键词】糖皮质激素类;炎症;淋巴细胞;脑桥;血管周围强化;中枢神经系统;儿童【作者】谢萌;邹丽萍;孟岩;马林【作者单位】中国人民解放军总医院儿童医学中心北京 100853;首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院儿科北京100053;中国人民解放军总医院儿童医学中心北京100853;中国人民解放军总医院儿童医学中心北京 100853;中国人民解放军总医院儿童医学中心北京 100853【正文语种】中文类固醇激素反应性慢性淋巴细胞性炎症伴脑桥血管周围强化症(chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids,CLIPPERS)由Pittock等[1]于2010年首次报道,是一种在脑桥、中脑及小脑血管周围,以淋巴细胞浸润为主,对类固醇激素治疗有效的慢性炎性疾病。
该病鲜有儿童病例报道,经检索,目前国外报道相关儿童病例仅2例,最小年龄13岁,国内尚无儿童病例报道。
死皮钳的使用方法和注意事项英文回答:Dead skin pliers, also known as cuticle nippers or cuticle clippers, are a tool used for removing dead skin around the nails. They are commonly used in nail salons and for personal grooming. Here is how to use them and some important precautions to keep in mind:1. Preparation: Before using dead skin pliers, it is important to ensure that your hands and the tools are clean. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water, anddry them properly. You can also soak your hands in warm water for a few minutes to soften the skin.2. Trimming: Hold the dead skin pliers like you would hold a pair of scissors, with your thumb in one loop and your index or middle finger in the other loop. Gently place the pliers around the dead skin or cuticle you want to remove, making sure not to cut into the healthy skin. Trimthe dead skin in a careful and controlled manner, taking small sections at a time.3. Safety precautions: When using dead skin pliers, it is important to exercise caution to avoid any injuries or infections. Here are some important precautions to keep in mind:Do not cut too close to the healthy skin. Cutting too deep can cause pain, bleeding, and even infections. It is better to trim less and gradually remove the dead skin.Avoid sharing your dead skin pliers with others. Sharing tools can spread infections and diseases. It is best to have your own personal set of dead skin pliers.Clean and disinfect your dead skin pliers after each use. This helps to prevent the growth of bacteria and maintain the hygiene of the tool. You can use rubbing alcohol or an antiseptic solution to clean the pliers thoroughly.Do not use dead skin pliers if you have any open wounds, infections, or skin conditions. It is important to consult a healthcare professional if you have any concerns about using these tools.Use the dead skin pliers only for their intended purpose. Do not use them for cutting nails or any other tasks. This can damage the tool and compromise its effectiveness.Store the dead skin pliers in a clean and dry place. Avoid exposing them to moisture or extreme temperatures, as this can lead to rusting or damage.In conclusion, dead skin pliers are a useful tool for removing dead skin around the nails. However, it is important to use them with caution and follow proper hygiene practices to ensure safety and prevent any infections.中文回答:死皮钳,也被称为角质剪或角质夹,是一种用于去除指甲周围死皮的工具。