暨南大学基础英语考研真题试题2019、2020年

2023年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)*******************************************************************************************招生专业与代码：050205日语语言文学、050203法语语言文学考试科目名称及代码：241 基础英语考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

Part I Cloze (10 points)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.How wonderful it would be not to worry about chasing customer invoices. but still get paid in __1__ and on time. This is perfectly possible by simply __2__ an invoice with an online customer accounts system and __3__ when it's going to be paid. Such supply chain management systems are traditionally the __4__ of multinationals with big IT budgets, but rising expectations on the part of customers are __5__ smaller businesses to buy into both the concept and the system. This is __6__ evident in manufacturing, financial services. telecommunications and the media.Ken Yamato, chairman of Logistics Inc., says this is a difficult culture change for many small businesses. When, for example, the multinational Unilever __7__ its information and supply chains to get a better __8__ of what was going on with its orders, one small supplier felt it was __9__ too much. But Yamato believes it is just as important for smaller companies to __10__ in IT systems to manage the supply chain as it is for larger ones, and that may __11__ losing customers if they do not have the __12__ to monitor orders and stock __13__ and manage production and purchasing. The online customer accounts system offers a __14__ edge, he says.Mark Kinsler of business so ftware company ITX says, ‘Companies have to supply "just in time" and have more __15__ relationships with their customers.’ For him, the interactive nature of an online system brings __16__ benefits, especially now that companies use more third-party suppliers. ‘Companies get a better idea of what is happening and can __17__ that different links in the supply chain __18__ certain tasks. This would __19__ self billing and, when the customer has __20__ the product, automatically producing the invoice for the third- party supplier.1. A.case B.full C.total D.turn2. A. detecting B.seeking C.tracking D.following3. A.inspecting paring C.testing D.checking4. A.zone B.position C.location D.territory5. A.encouraging B.promoting C. supporting D. advancing6. A.particularly B.strongly C.considerably D.intensely7. A.mixed B.associated C.integrated D.united8. A.understanding B.thought C.intelligence D.conclusion。

2019年暨南大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ. 词语翻译（30%）Section A. 英译汉（15%）1. USTR【答案】美国贸易代表署2. ASEAN【答案】东盟3. TCM【答案】中医药4. sole agency【答案】独家代理5. blue-chip stocks【答案】蓝筹股6. right of appeal【答案】上诉权7. chief referee【答案】首席裁判8. The Grapes of Wrath 【答案】愤怒的葡萄9. gene mutation【答案】基因突变10. punitive duties【答案】惩罚性关税11. dialectical materialism 【答案】辩证唯物主义12. tittytainment【答案】奶头乐理论13. wealth gap【答案】财富差距14. patriarchal society【答案】宗法社会15. cultural turn【答案】文化转向Section B. 汉译英（15%）1. 人工智能【答案】artificial intelligence2. 精准扶贫【答案】targeted poverty alleviation3. 供给侧改革【答案】supply-side reform4. 拦路虎【答案】road blocker5. 抖音【答案】Tik Tok6. 实名认证【答案】real name authentication7. 不可抗力【答案】force majeure8. 反倾销【答案】anti-dumping9. 扫脸支付【答案】face scan payment10. 零和思维【答案】zero-sum mentality11. 进博会【答案】China International Import Expo12. 文化自信【答案】cultural confidence13. 去库存【答案】stockpile removal14. 衣食住行【答案】food, cloth, housing, and transportation15. 《反分裂国家法》【答案】Anti-Secession LawⅡ. 英汉互译（120%）Section A. 英译汉（60%）It is extremely rare for Britain to take a foreign-policy stance at odds with that of its closest and most important ally, America. It is perhaps unprecedented for it to do so by siding, in a contentious issue of global financial governance, with the superpower’s emerging rival, China. Yet that, in effect, is how America seems to interpret Britain’s plans, announced on March 12th, to join China’s new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) as a founding shareholder. China, naturally, is chuffed. Most other observers are confused.The AIIB is one of a number of new institutions launched by China, apparently in frustration at the failure of the existing international financial order to adapt quickly enough to accommodate its astonishing rise. Efforts to reform the International Monetary Fund are stalled in the United States Congress. America retains its tradition grip in the management of the World Bank. The AsianDevelopment Bank remains based in Manila, but it is mostly run by Japanese bureaucrats.So, it is perhaps understandable that China, flush with the world’s biggest foreign-exchange reserves and anxious to convert them into “soft power”, is building an alternative system. Its plans do not just include the AIIB, but also a New De velopment Bank launched with its “BRICS” partners—Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa—and a Silk Road development fund to boost “connectivity” with its neighbors. And, in the security sphere, there is the Shanghai Co-operation Organization that links it with Russia and Central Asia.America, however, has reacted negatively to the AIIB. Its officials argue that they have not “lobbied against” it. Instead they merely stressed how important it is that such an institution abide by international standards—of transparency, creditworthiness, environmental sustainability, and so on. But officials in Singapore, for example, a close partner to both America and China, say they had some difficult discussions with America when they decided to support China’s initiativ e.【参考译文】英国在外交政策上采取与其最亲近、最重要的盟友美国不同的立场，这是十分罕见的。

考试科目：翻译硕士英语 共 14 页，第1页2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A 卷）********************************************************************************************学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研 究 方 向： 英语笔译考试科目名称： 翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there arefour words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Education and work can be restructured to teach and ______ the skills of concentration and focus.A. proposeB. propagateC. propelD. proceed2. It's difficult to _________ the demands of my job and the desire to be a good father.A. reconcileB. combineC. relateD. integrate3. Break out of this guilt and let yourself ________ in your sense of accomplishment for what you have gotten done instead of what there is still to do.A. absorbB. indulgeC. involveD. relish4. For this, we never ________ the use of force, as it is common aspiration and sacred mission of the people of China to safeguard China’s sovereignty and also to reunify our motherland.A. declareB. renounceC. announceD. claim5. Because of his adventures, he is a person of far greater experience and ________.A. resourcefulnessB. resourcesC. considerationsD. thoughtfulness6. If a machine, railway line, or bridge is ________, it is deliberately damaged or destroyed, for example, in a war or as a protest.A. explodedB. bombedC. bombardedD. sabotaged7. Even if we could collect most of what we gave out – which we can't – a scant _______ of high-powered weapons in the hands of bad actors can be disastrous in a place where government control is weak.A. amountB. volumeC. handfulD. number。

2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A卷）********************************************************************************************招生专业与代码：外国语言文学0502 (涵盖英语语言文学050201、外国语言学及应用语言学050211)考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Multiple choices. There are 20 questions in this part. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both linguistics candidates and literature candidates must do this part. (20%)1. A king or a queen is the head of the United Kingdom as the state is a constitutionalmonarchy. In practice, _________________.A. Parliament rules the countryB. the Prime Minister rules and reignsC. the Sovereign reigns but does not ruleD. the Sovereign rules but does not reign2. Since 1945, two parties, _________________, have held political power in the UK.A. the Conservative Party and the Labor PartyB. the Democratic Party and the Republican PartyC. the Labor Party and the Social Democratic PartyD. the Labor Party and the Democratic Party3. The finest exponents of Elizabethan drama in the English Renaissance are representedby __________________.A. Ben Johnson, Christopher Marlowe and Charles DickensB. Edmund Spenser, Charles Dickens and William ShakespeareC. William Shakespeare, Ben Johnson and Charles DickensD. William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson4. The mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social economicorganization in Great Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries is referred to as _________________.A. Economic BoomB. Industrial RevolutionC. Glorious RevolutionD. Urbanization5. In the UK, children from the age of 5 to 16 _________________.A. receive completely free educationB. receive partly free educationC. do not receive free education at allD. do not receive free education if their parents are rich6. Discovery of law of the universal gravitation by _________________ is the mostimportant of all his achievements in physics.A. KeplerB. Isaac NewtonC. GalileoD. Copernicus7. The earliest settlers in America first found and took over the parts of_________________.。

考研真题：暨南大学2019年[外国语言文学综合]考试真题I. Multiple choices. There are 20 questions in this part. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both linguistics candidates and literature candidates must do this part. (20%) 1. A king or a queen is the head of the United Kingdom as the state is a constitutional monarchy. In practice, _________________.A. Parliament rules the countryB. the Prime Minister rules and reignsC. the Sovereign reigns but does not ruleD. the Sovereign rules but does not reign2. Since 1945, two parties, _________________, have held political power in the UK.A. the Conservative Party and the Labor PartyB. the Democratic Party and the Republican PartyC. the Labor Party and the Social Democratic PartyD. the Labor Party and the Democratic Party3. The finest exponents of Elizabethan drama in the English Renaissance are represented by __________________.A. Ben Johnson, Christopher Marlowe and Charles DickensB. Edmund Spenser, Charles Dickens and William ShakespeareC. William Shakespeare, Ben Johnson and Charles DickensD. William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson4. The mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social economic organization in Great Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries is referred to as _________________.A. Economic BoomB. Industrial RevolutionC. Glorious RevolutionD. Urbanization5. In the UK, children from the age of 5 to 16 _________________.A. receive completely free educationB. receive partly free educationC. do not receive free education at allD. do not receive free education if their parents are rich6. Discovery of law of the universal gravitation by _________________ is the most important of all his achievements in physics.A. KeplerB. Isaac NewtonC. GalileoD. Copernicus7. The earliest settlers in America first found and took over the parts of _________________.A. The Appalachians and their foothillsB. The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal PlainC. The interior lowlandsD. The Cordillera8. _________________ guaranteed the blacks and other races in the U.S. the right to vote.A. Emancipation Proclamation in 1863B. The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865C. The Civil Rights Act of 1964D. The Voting Rights Act of 19659. In early 19th century, _________________was the center of American writing.A. BostonB. ChicagoC. PhiladelphiaD. New York City10. _________________ is the most important and largest river in the United States of America.A. The Colorado RiverB. The Mississippi RiverC. The Missouri RiverD. The Ohio River11. In the United States of America, Constitutional Amendment can go into effect after it is approved by _________________.A. two thirds of both housesB. three fourths of the statesC. two thirds of the statesD. half of the states12. _________________ is not the major newspaper or magazine in the U. S.A. Financial TimesB. New York TimesC. Washington PostD. National Geography .13. Canada consists of _________________ geographical regions.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six14. Maples always symbolize _________________.A. AmericaB. AustraliaC. CanadaD. England15. English and _________________ are the official languages in Canada.A. FrenchB. GermanC. PortugueseD. Spanish16. The important economy in Canada’s Atlantic provinces is _________________ since there are rich green mountains and valleys in these regions.A. agricultureB. forestry tradeC. textile businessD. tourist trade17. Australia locates between _________________ and Indian Ocean.A. the ArcticB. the AtlanticC. the North SeaD. Pacific Ocean18. _________________ is the sunniest city in Australia.A. AdelaideB. DarwinC. MelbourneD. Sydney19. _________________ is not one of the major exports of New Zealand.A. DairyB. FishC. OilD. Wool20. The Republic of Ireland declared its independence in _________________.A. 1918B. 1931C. 1945D. 1949II. Fill in the blanks with proper answers. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both linguistics candidates and literature candidates must do this part. (20%)1. The description of a language as it changes through time is a _________________ study in linguistics.2. The relationship between words and what they represent is generally _________________.3. _________________ are produced by obstructing the flow of air as it passes from the lungs through the vocal tract and out through the mouth or nose.4. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the _________________ of that phoneme.5. Words are not the only linguistic units to carry _________________ meaning. Sentences refer to actions, states, and events in the world as well.6. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called _________________ rules.7. The fundamental function of every language system is to link meaning and expression—to provide _________________ expression for thought and feeling.8. When a word has two or more related meanings, it is a _________________.9. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose points are to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _________________.10. A _________________ sentence, often called a clause, contains a verb and, at a minimum, any other expressions required by the verb as part of its structural characteristics.11. ____________ refers to a contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens.12.English Romanticism began in 1798 with the publication of ______________.13.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic line by _____________.14.Marcel Proust, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are the representative writers of the ___________.15.The sub-title of Vanity Fair is ___________. The writer’s intention was not to portray individuals, but the bourgeois and aristocratic society as a whole.16.___________’s poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way. Her poems have no titles, hence are always quoted by their first lines. 17.The most original playwright of the Theatre of Absurd is Samuel Beckett and his first play, _______________, is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.18.The literary spokesman of the Jazz Age is often thought to be ______________.19.The period from 1865-1914 has been referred to as ____________in the literary history of the United States.20.In his poems, Walt Whitman is innovative in the terms of the form of his poetry, which is called “_____________”.III. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both linguistics candidates and literature candidates must do this part. (10%)Section A: Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. If it is true, write T and if it is false, write F.1. Grammar is a system of elements and patterns that organizes linguisticexpression.2. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.3. Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb.4. Sometimes languages use different scripts for same purposes.5. When two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are regarded as complementary distribution.Section B: Give the author’s name and indicate the genre of the following works.6. The Merchant of Venice7. “A Rose for Emily”8. The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn9. “I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud”10. “Ode to a Nightingale”IV. Choose SIX from the following terms and explain them briefly. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (30%)1. tone2. open class words3. major lexical categories of English language4. sense5. speech community6. cultural overlap7. epic8. sentimentalism9. the Lost Generation10. heroic couplet11. Lake poets12. point of viewV. Answer the following questions: Section A for linguistics candidates and Section B for literature candidates. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40%)Section A：1. What can be the differences between the macro-sociolinguistics and the micro-sociolinguistics?2. According to Halliday’s register theory, what are the three social variables that determine a register?3. What are the strong and weak versions of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?4. What is children’s atypical development of language acquisition?Section B：5.Based on The Old Man and the Sea, discuss the themes and writing style of Ernest Hemingway’s novels.6.Discuss the theme of the poem “The Waste Land”by Thomas Stearns Eliot and comment on its importance in the history of American literature.ment on the main characteristics of Romanticism.8.Make a comment on the character of Jane Eyre, the heroine of the novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte.VI. Choose ONE of the following questions and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (30%)1. Please state Paul Grice’s(1) Conversational Cooperative Principle;(2) its Maxims and sub-maxims;(3) illustrate the maxims with at least one example.(for linguistics candidates)2.Analyze the theme, poetic form and rhetorical devices of the following poem and develop it into an essay with no less than 200 words. (for literature candidates)O Captain, My CaptainO Captain! My Captain! Our fearful trips is done,The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won,The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;But – O heart! Heart! Heart!O the bleeding drops of red,Where on the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.O Captain! My Captain! Rise up and hear the bells;Rise up – for you the flag is flung – for you the bugle trills,For you bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths – for you the shores acrowding,For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;Here Captain! dear father!This arm beneath your head!It is some dream that on the deck,You’ve fallen cold and dead.My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still.My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will,The ship is anchor’d safe and sound, its voyage closed and done,Form fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!But I, with mournful tread,Walk the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead。

2019年广东暨南大学英语水平考研真题Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. The district _______ was established by the government a few years ago.A. councilB. counselC. consoleD. consul2. Heavy rainfall in the south of England means that flooding is____.A. imminentB. momentousC. transientD. prospective3. Early studies often concluded that the public was ________ the propagandistic influence of mass communications, but one recent study indicates that, on the contrary, mass communications seldom produce marked changes in social attitudes or actions.A. unaware ofB. scornful ofC. susceptible toD. coping with4. This composer has never courted popularity: her rugged modernism seems to defy rather than to ________ the audience.A. ignoreB. discountC. teachD. woo5. ___________, we have to adopt new measures to solve the problem.A. So is the situationB. That being the caseC. That is the caseD. The situation is so6. The school agree to ___ their decision until they had spoken to the young boy’s parents.A. convertB. retainC. deterD. expel7. When a psychologist does a general experiment on the human mind he selects people________ and asks them questions.A. at lengthB. at randomC. in essenceD. in bulk8. She is careful with her money, and spends only a ______ of her earnings.A. fragmentB. sectionC. fragrantD. fraction9. Proposed changes that are not _________ with exiting safety regulations will not be considered.A. dependentB. compliantC. relatingD. supportive10. Please note that customs regulations do not permit the shipment of ______ items.A. perishableB. compatibleC. sustainableD. incredible11. Reporters and photographers alike took great _________at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A. annoyanceB. offenceC. resentmentD. irritation12. Advances in food preservation gave consumers in developed countries access to_______all foods grown in distant lands.A. extensivelyB. virtuallyC. artificiallyD. continually13. The music aroused an________feeling of homesickness in him.A. intrinsicB. intentionalC. intermittentD. intense14. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education__________.A. settlementB. establishmentC. constructionD. structure15. “If we fail to act now,”said Tom, “We’ll find ourselves __________in action later on.”A. paid backB. paid forC. paid upD. paid off16. If you want children to work hard you must ________their interests instead of their sense of duty.A. appeal toB. look intoC. give rise toD. go in for17. I really appreciate _______ to help me, but I am sure that I will be able to manage by myself.A. that you offerB. you to offerC. your offeringD. that you are offering18. Heredity accounts for 50% to 60% of a woman’s ________ to alcoholism, about the same as for men.A. devastationB. vulnerabilityC. pharmacyD. fibrosis19. Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they didn’t __________ to close examination.A. keep upB. put upC. stand upD. pay up20. The ink had faded with time and so parts of the letter were _________.A. illiterateB. illegibleC. illegitimateD. illegal21. Policeman _______ very busy.A. nearly are alwaysB. always are nearlyC. always nearly areD. are nearly always22. The media once portrayed the governor as anything but ineffective; they now, however, make her out to be the epitome of __________.A. fecklessnessB. brillianceC. dynamismD. egoism23. The girl was sorry to __________ the singers when she arrived at the airport.A. be missedB. being missedC. have been missedD. have missed24. The greatest obstacle to economic and environmental improvements in the developing countries is their __________ foreign debts.A. reminiscentB. degenerativeC. mammothD. ethical25. Materials presenting permanent deformations after the disappearance of the loads are said ______ plastically.A. to have behavedB. behavingC. to behaveD. behavior26. The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as _________.A. possibly little nourishmentB. nourishment possible littleC. little as possible nourishmentD. little nourishment as possible27. Oceans play a major role in climate, often serving to ________ extremes of hot or cold.A. exacerbateB. temperC. concealD. obscure28. _________ is intrinsic to language, but writers should nevertheless strive to be as precise as possible.A. EquivocationB. AmbiguityC. MalapropismD. Innuendo29. The fact that irony is __________ means that the listener (or reader) who “gets it”is able to feel superior to those who do not understand it.A. subtleB. humorousC. situationalD. generic30. All the flights ________because of the snowstorm, we had to take the train instead.A. were canceledB. had been canceledC. having canceledD. having been canceledPart II. Proof-reading and Error Correction(10 points)Directions:Proofread the given passage as instructed. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word Underline the wrong and write the correct one in the blank provided on the answer sheet.For a missing word Mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided on the answer sheet.For an unnecessary word Cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided on the answer sheet.What is the advantage which we may hope to derive a study of the political writers of the past? An earlier view would have provided a simple answer to this question. A work of politics, itwould have been said, is the handbook of an art, the art of governing. Just as a man of superior skill in the art of carpentry may compile a work in which his skill is made available to those who inspire to be good carpenters, so a man of inferior wisdom in the art of politics may set down his knowledge in a book for the construction of those whose business it is to find, govern, or preserve states. If this is what political theory is, there is no difficulty in determining what advantage may be expected from the study of great political works. They will be insulted by those who have to govern states. But this is certainly not the advantage which a modern reader can be compromised from a study of their works. This entire conception of politics as an art and of the political philosopher as the teacher of it rests upon assumptions which it is possible to accept. If it were correct, the writers of political theory would need to be themselves past masters in the art of governing, and statesmen would need to apprentice themselves to them in order to learn their job. But we find that this is not so. Few political philosophers have themselves exhibited any master of the art of governing, and few successful statesmen have owed up their success to the study of political writings.1. ____________2. ____________3. ____________4. ____________5. ____________6. ____________7. ____________8. ____________9. ____________10. ____________Part III. Cloze (20 points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. You are required to read the passage and fill in each bank with a word from the word bank, and change the form where necessary. Do not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.combing intricate heyday churning utilitarian pillars tiers descending paving relaxation irrigation architecturally dotted craters level positioned inhabitants access aquifer passagesDuring the sixth and seventh centuries, the 1 of the modern-day states of Gujarat and Rajasthan in North-western India developed a method of gaining 2 to clean, fresh groundwater during the dry season for drinking, bathing, watering animals and 3 . However, the significance of this invention –the stepwell —goes beyond its 4 application. Unique to this region, stepwells are often 5 complex and vary widely in size and shape. During their 6 , they were places of gathering, of leisure and 7 and of worship for villagers of all but the lowest classes. Most stepwells are found 8 round the desert areas of Gujarat (where they are called vav) and Rajasthan (where they are called baori), while a few also survive in Delhi. Some were located in or near villages as public spaces for the community; others were 9 beside roads as resting places for travellers.As their name suggests, stepwells comprise a series of stone steps 10 from ground level to the water source, (normally are underground 11 ) as it recedes following the rains. When the water 12 was high, the user needed only to descend a few steps to reach it; when it was low, several levels would have to be negotiated. Some wells are vast, open 13 with hundreds of steps 14 each sloping side, often in 15 . Others are more elaborate, with long stepped 16 leading to the water via several storeys. Built from stone and supported by 17 , they also included pavilions that sheltered visitors from the relentless heat. But perhaps the most impressive features are the 18 decorative sculptures that embellish many stepwells, showing activities from fighting and dancing to everyday acts such as women 19 their hair or 20 butter.Part IV. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: In this section, there are three passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and write the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values.A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization together —honesty, kindness, and so on —accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law —and, ultimately, no society.My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame andembarrassment.Fortunately there are still communities —smaller towns, usually —where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated —they simply are not done!”Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.The main cause of this breakdown is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.1. What the wise man said suggests that ________.A. it’s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evilB. it’s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about itC. it’s only natural for virtue to defeat evilD. it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil2. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, ________.A. society is to be held responsibleB. modern civilization is responsible for itC. the criminal himself should bear the blameD. the standards of living should be improved3. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have ________.A. less self-disciplineB. better sense of disciplineC. more mutual respectD. less effective government4. The writer is sorry to have noticed that ________.A. people in large cities tend to excuse criminalsB. people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standardsC. today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficultyD. people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities5. The key point of the passage is that ________.A. stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and familiesB. more good examples should be set for people to followC. more restrictions should be imposed on people’s behaviorD. more people should accept the value of accountabilityPassage 2It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers”campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern trafficconditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.6. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by ________.A. people’s attitude towards the road-hogB. the rhythm of modern lifeC. the behavior of the driverD. traffic conditions7. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog... the rule.”(Para. 1) implies that ________.A. our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB. rude drivers can be met only occasionallyC. the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD. nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists8. By “good sense,”the writer means ________.A. the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonablyB. the driver’s prompt response to difficult and severe conditionsC. the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behaviorD. the driver’s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations9. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, ________.A. road users should make more sacrificeB. drivers should be ready to yield to each otherC. drivers should have more communication among themselvesD. drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others10. In the writer’s opinion, ________.A. strict traffic regulations are badly neededB. drivers should apply road politeness properlyC. rude drivers should be punishedD. drivers should avoid traffic jamsPassage 3The idea that the sun has an almost unambiguously benign effect on our planet appears, on the surface, to be an incontrovertible one. Few people realize, however, that certain events on the sun can have disastrous consequences for life here on Earth. The geomagnetic storm is one such phenomenon. These storms begin on the surface of the sun when a group of sunspots creates a burst of electromagnetic radiation. These bursts thrust billions of tons of ionized gas, known as plasma, into space; scientists refer to these solar projections as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). After this initial explosion, the CME gets caught up in a shower of particles, also known as a “solar wind”, that continuously rains down on the Earth from the sun.The last recorded instance of a major CME occurred in 1989, when the resulting geomagnetic storm knocked out an entire electrical power grid, depriving over six million energy consumers of power for an extended period. As we become increasingly dependent on new technologies to sustain ourselves in our day-to-day activities, the potential havoc wrought by a major CME becomes even more distressing. Scientists conjecture that a “perfect storm”would have the potential to knock out power grids across the globe and create disruptions in the orbit of low-altitude communication satellites, rendering such satellites practically useless.What troubles scientists most about these “perfect storms”is not only their potential forinterstellar mischief, but also the fact that they are so difficult to forecast. For one thing, remarkable though these solar occurrences might be, they are still a relatively rare phenomenon, and the few existing records regarding major CMEs provide researchers with scant information from which to draw conclusions about their behavior. Solar storm watchers are frustrated by yet another limitation: time. CMEs have been known to travel through space at speeds approaching 5 million miles per hour, which means that they can cover the 93 million miles between the sun and the Earth in well under 20 hours (Some have been known to travel the same distance in as little as 14 hours.). The difficulties created by this narrow window of opportunity are compounded by the fact that scientists are able to determine the orientation of a CME’s magnetic field only about 30 minutes before it reaches the atmosphere, giving them little or no time to predict the storm’s potential impact on the surface.Some world organizations hope to combat this problem by placing a satellite in orbit around the sun to monitor activity on its surface, in the hope that this will buy scientists more time to predict the occurrence and intensity of geomagnetic storms. In the meantime, many energy providers are responding to the CME threat by installing voltage control equipment and limiting the volume of electricity generated by some power stations.11. The primary purpose of this passage is ________.A. to inform readers about CMEs and their effects on electrical circuitry on EarthB. to persuade readers that CMEs are a problem that both governments and individualcitizens need to combatC. to inform readers about a potentially dangerous phenomenon and the difficulties in addressing that dangerD. to convince readers that cultural dependence on electricity jeopardizes everyone12. Which of the following can most reasonably be inferred about the significant CME that took place in 1989?A. The next geomagnetic storm that occurs will be much worse.B. The window of opportunity for foreseeing similar storms in the future is even smaller now.C. Its effects were limited to knocking out a power grid, depriving customers of power for a week.D. A geomagnetic storm of similar magnitude could easily cause more extensive damage andhardship in today’s society.13. The author uses the term “compounded by”in the penultimate paragraph to ________.A. emphasize the fact that these researchers face even more stringent time limits than thosealready mentionedB. assert that the scientists working to predict CMEs are not given adequate time to do so successfullyC. disprove the notion that the orientation of CMEs affects the length of time available forscientific inquiry into this phenomenonD. caution readers that speculations of energy providers might heighten the uncertainty raisedby CMEs14. Which of the following were mentioned as factors contributing to the difficulty of forecasting CMEs?I. Limited available time in which to determine orientationII. The tendency of voltage controls to be overridden by electrical surgesIII. Insufficient data upon which to base assessments of past behaviorA. I onlyB. I and II onlyC. I and III onlyD. II and III only15. With which of the following statements would be the author of this article be most likely to agree?A. Individuals should join in the fight to protect today’s energy-dependent society from the harm caused by CMEs by raising money to support research.B. In the next decade, a “perfect storm”will interrupt power supplies and cause extensiveinconvenience and loss of services.C. We should learn more about the potential dangers of CMEs, but few steps can be taken toalter such storms’effects.D. Each of us should view a significant CME as a real possibility but should also expect thatleaders will have effective protective measures in place before such an event.Part V. Translation (30 points)Section A. Chinese to English (15 points): Translate the following into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.连接广东珠海、香港和澳门的全球最长跨海大桥—港珠澳大桥主桥建设工程于本周二全线贯通。

考研真题：暨南大学2020年[英语水平]考试真题Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. His work shed ______yet necessary light on an important way to slow the spread of this deadly virus.A. provisionalB. seductiveC. insultingD. disturbing2. The new chemical will ________ this kind of insects in this area.A. eliminateB. prosecuteC. quenchD. quilt3. I have to say this, but this coat you’ve just bought is made of _______ fur; it is not real mink.A. coarseB. genuineC. slipperyD. counterfeit4. Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, ______ their cleanness, toughness and low cost.A. by virtue ofB. in addition toC. for the sake ofD. as opposed to5. It must guarantee freedom of expression to the end that all _________ to the flow of ideas shall be removed.A. propheciesB. transactionsC. argumentsD. hindrances6.This warm air was, needless to say, the perfect environment for the rapid growth of disease-carrying ______ originating from outside the building.A. germB. microbeC. fungusD. bacteria7. Traditionally, a dark suit is ______ to a light one for evening wear.A. alternateB. choosableC. selectiveD. preferable8. I have replaced my old ______ typewriter with an electric one.A. artificialB. manualC. automaticD. synthetic9. Four police officers sustained ______ in the explosion.A. ruinsB. injuriesC. damagesD. spoils10.The professor found himself constantly______ the question: “How could anyone do these things?”A. presidingB. poringC. ponderingD. presuming11. Weeks _______ before anyone was arrested in connection with the bank robbery.A. terminatedB. elapsedC. overlappedD. expired12. His attempt to ________ the two friends failed because they had complete faith in each other.A. alienateB. abuseC. alleviateD. abandon13. Building the Bird’s Nest calls for giant curving beams which crisscross in an ______ pattern of woven steel.A. intuitiveB. intensiveC. intrinsicD. intricate14. Older, less dogmatic theories better explained how the problems in the financial _____ dragged down the rest of the economy.A. charterB. sessionC. chapelD. sector15. Language may be _______ of as a process which arises from social interaction.A. comprisedB. conceivedC. disposedD. deprived16. I meant __________ the matter with you, but I had some guests there.A. discussB. discussingC. having discussedD. to have discussed17. Any student _______ in chess can apply for membership.A. have a keen interestB. with a keen interestC. who is keenly interestedD. when keenly interesting18. _________, she stood at the front door waiting for her husband to return.A. Being finished prepared dinnerB. Having finished preparing dinnerC. Finished preparing dinnerD. Having finished to prepare dinner19. All this leads to a population in the twenty-first century that is smaller______ feared few years ago.A. than wasB. that wasC. than thatD. it was20. _________ will Mr. Peter be able to regain control of the company.A. Only hard workB. Only if he works hardC. With hard workD. In spite of his hard work21. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material _______ to its burning temperature.A. heatedB. be heatedC. to be heatedD. being heated22. The earthquake ______ not have come at a worse time for the war-torn country.A. couldB. mustC. mightD. should23. The boy students in this school are nearly_____ as the girl students to say they intend to get a college degree in business.A. twice as likelyB. likely as twiceC. as twice likelyD. as likely twice24. If the whole operation _______ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A. was not plannedB. has not been plannedC. had not been plannedD. were not planned25. Apple pie is _______ neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.A. at itselfB. as itselfC. on itselfD. in itself26. ________ us earlier, ________ your request to the full.A. You have contacted … we could comply withB. Had you contacted … we could have complied withC. You had contacted … could we have complied withD. Have you contacted … we could comply with27. The explosion on the sun cannot be heard, there_________ no air between the earth’s atmosphere and the sun.A. isB. wasC. beingD. be28. ______ by the host added to his uneasiness.A. His neglectingB. His being neglectedC. He is neglectedD. He had been neglected29. Every man, woman and child in this community_______ now aware of the terrible consequences of the habit of smoking.A. isB. areC. wasD. were30. As a result, the mission of the school, along with the culture of the classroom, _______.A. was slowly to changeB. are slowly changedC. is slowly changedD. have slowly changedPart II. Proof-reading and Error Correction（10 points）Directions:Proofread the given passage as instructed. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word Underline the wrong and write the correct one inthe blank provided on the answer sheet.For a missing word Mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign and write the word you believe to be missingin the blank provided on the answer sheet.For an unnecessary word Cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided on the answer sheet.Status symbols are signs that identify their possessors’place in a social hierarchy, markers of rank and prestigious. We can all think any number of status symbols—Rolls-Royces, Beverly Hills mansions, even Shar Pei puppies (whose rareness and expense has rocketed them beyond Russian wolfhounds as status pets and has even aspired whole lines of wrinkle-faced stuffed toys)—but how do we know that something is a status symbol? The explain is quite simple: when an object (or puppy) either costs a lot of money or requires influential connections to possess it, anyone who possesses it must also possess the necessity means and influence to acquire it. The object itself really doesn’t matter, since it ultimate disappears behind the presumed social impotency of its owner. Semiotically, what matters is the signal it sends, its value as a sign of power. One traditional sign of social extinction is owning a country estate and enjoying the peace and privacy that attend it. Advertisements for Mercedes-Benz, Jaguar, and Audi automobiles thus frequently feature motoring quietly along a country road, presumably on their way to or from their country houses.1. ____________2. ____________3. ____________4. ____________5. ____________6. ____________7. ____________8. ____________9. ____________10.____________Part III. Cloze (20 points)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. You are required to read the passage and fill in each bank with a word from the word bank, and change the form where necessary. Do not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.adopt toward economy contribute thrive pick up quantumreach urban by initiate coordinate implement with remain outbound reserve region get up in rural astronomy endeavor lead supply-sideWe have 1 committed to the new development philosophy, 2 the right approach to development, and 3 to transform the growth model. The result has been a constant improvement in the quality and effect of development. The economy has maintained a medium-high growth rate, making China a 4 among the major 5 . With the gross domestic product rising from 54 trillion to 80 trillion Yuan, China has maintained its position as the world’s second largest economy and 6 more than 30 percent of global economic growth. 7 structural reform has made further headway, bringing a steady improvement in the economic structure. Emerging industries like the digital economy are 8 ; the construction of high-speed railways, highways, bridges, ports, airports, and other types of infrastructure has 9 pace. Agricultural modernization has steadily advanced, with annual grain production 10 600 million metrictons. The level of 11 has risen 12 an annual average of 1.2 percentage points, and more than 80 million people who have moved from rural to urban areas have gained permanent urban residency. Regional development has become more balanced; the Belt and Road 13 , the 14 development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt have all made notable progress. Through devoting great energy to 15 the innovation-driven development strategy, we have seen much accomplished 16 making China a country of innovators, 17 major advances made in science and technology, including the successful launch of Tiangong-2 space lab, the commissioning of the deep-sea manned submersible Jiaolong and of the five-hundred-meter aperture spherical telescope (FAST) Tianyan, the launch of the dark matter probe satellite Wukong and the 18 science satellite Mozi, and the test flight of the airliner C919. Construction on islands and reefs in the South China Sea has seen steady progress. The new institutions of the open economy have been steadily improved. China now leads the world in trade, 19 investment, and foreign exchange 20 .Part IV. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions:In this section, there are three passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and write the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1Since 1992, the U.S. has offered Israel an additional $ 2 billion annually in loan guarantees. Congressional researchers have disclosed that between 1974 and 1989, $ 16.4 billion in U. S. military loans were converted to grants and that this was the understanding from the beginning. Indeed, all past U.S. loans to Israel have eventually been forgiven by Congress, which has undoubtedly helped Israel’s often-touted claim that they have never defaulted on a U.S. government loan. U.S. policy since 1984 has been that economic assistance to Israel must equal or exceed Israel’s debt repayment to the United States. Unlike other countries, which receive aid in quarterly installments, aid to Israel since 1982 has been given in a lump sum at the beginning of the fiscal year, leaving the U.S. government to borrow from future revenues. Israel even lends some of this money back through U.S. treasury bills and collects the additional interest.In addition, there is more than $ 1.5 billion in private U.S. funds that goes to Israel annually in the form of $ 1 billion in private tax-deductible donations and $ 500 million in Israeli bonds. The ability of Americans to make what amounts to tax-deductible contributions to a foreign government, made possible through a number of Jewish charities, does not exist with any other country. Nor do these figures include short-and-long term commercials loans from U. S. banks, which have been as high as $ 1 billion annually in recent years.Total U. S. aid to Israel is approximately one-third of the Americanforeign-aid budget, even though Israel comprises just 0.001 percent of the world’s population and already has one of the world’s higher per capita incomes. Indeed, Israel’s GNP is higher than the combined GNP of Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, the West Bank and Gaza. With a per capita income of about $ 14,000, Israel ranks as the sixteenth wealthiest country in the world; Israelis enjoy a higher per capita income than oil-rich Saudi Arabia and are only slightly less well-off than most Western European countries.AID does not term economic aid to Israel as developmental assistance, but instead uses the term “economic support funding”. Given Israel’s relative prosperity, U.S. aid to Israel is becoming increasingly controversial. In 1994, Yossi Beilen, deputy foreign minister of Israel and a Knesset member, told the Women’s International Zionist Organization, “If our economic situation is better than many of your countries, how can we go on asking for your charity?”1. According to the passage, American economic assistance to Israel took all the following forms EXCEPT________.A. private fundsB. commercial loans from U. S. banksC. government grantsD. government donations2. What is the writer’s attitude towards American economic aid to Israel?A. Appreciative.B. Disapproving.C. Ambiguous.D. Difficult to tell.3. What is the main reason why U.S. aid to Israel is becoming controversial?A. The large sum of loans to Israel.B. American financial situation.C. The relative prosperity of Israel’s economy.D. Survey of U. S. Congressional researchers.4. The words of the deputy foreign minister of Israel indicate that ________.A. Jewish charities provided great help for IsraelB. Israel actually doesn’t deserve American economic aidC. American is obliged to give Israel economic aidD. Israel’s economy is worsening.5. It can be inferred from Israel’s “often-touted claim” that _______.A. Israel was satisfied with the ability in repaying all the loans from AmericaB. U. S. government should not worry about the Israel’s economic development.C. U.S. economic aid to Israel was a wrong decision.D. American economic assistance to Israel was successful.Passage 2What might driving on an automated highway be like？The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special-purpose lane system，in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manually driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways，but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.Under either scheme，the driver would specify the desired destination，furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system was in place，automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were available，the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp. As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway，devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests，the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case，the transition from manual to automated control would take place on the entrance ramp. An alternative techniquecould employ conventional lanes which would be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition”lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would，presumably，be well respected，because all trespassers could be swiftly identified by authorities.).Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging, without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. Once a vehicle had settled into automated travel，the driver would be free to release the wheel，open the morning paper or just relax.6. We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated highways_______.A. are being plannedB. are being modifiedC. are now in wide useD. are under construction7. A special-purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that __________.A. it would require only minor changes to existing highwayB. it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiencyC. it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehiclesD. it offers more lanes for automated vehicles8. The drivers need to __________ to work well under the two traffic systems.A. install a special sensor in the carB. tell computer the destination before setting offC. furnish the interior of the vehicleD. drive on the automated highway9. We know from the passage that a car can enter a special-purpose lane _______.A. by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional laneB. by way of a ramp with electronic control devicesC. through a specially-guarded gateD. after all trespassers are identified and removed10.When driving in an automated lane, the driver_________A. should harmonize with newly entering carsB. doesn’t have to rely on his computer systemC. should watch out for potential accidentsD. doesn’t have to hold to the steering wheelPassage 3Developing a peaceful, understanding, and supportive relationship between parents and children is not an easy task. Failures can and do occur at any age level, and at times the results are the abuse, neglect, and even death of children.Child abuse has become a major topic in child development and an issue of much national concern. In the span of four legislative years, 1963-1967, all fifty states enacted laws calling for the reporting of injuries inflicted on children. By 1973, the United States Congress passed the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (Public Law 93-247). This law not only reflected the mood of concerned citizens, but also did much to clear up the confusion and disagreement over what is child abuse.The question “What causes child abuse?”has prompted much debate. The single most persistent myth which had plagued efforts to understand causes is the notion that parents who abuse children are mentally disturbed or ill. Although there is specific psychiatric diagnosis which comprises the behavior and personalities of abuser, they seem to share a common style of child rearing. Those parents demand high levels of child performance and they often use severe physical punishment to ensure the child’s proper behavior. Abusive parents themselves were raised in similar family situations and their own childhood experience has a lasting influence on their behaviors of adults.Current research has suggested, however, that the “abuser is sick”hypothesis is too limited. A broader social, psychological approach recognizes that some personal problems are implicit but that psychological factors arise out of a social context. Social factors include unemployment, social isolation, and unwanted pregnancy. Moreover, finding that abuse occurs more frequently in larger families and familieswith low income, poor education, and low occupational status suggests that many such parents cannot withstand the twenty-four-a-day responsibility to raise and care for their children. These problems aggravate the situation, especially when combined with the general approval in our culture of violence.11. This selection suggests that child abuse is ________.A. a growing problem whose causes are fully understoodB. caused primarily by the mental illness of parentsC. a problem in the United States, but a greater one in EuropeD. easily determined because of recent public laws12. We can know from the second paragraph that the law passed in 1973 ______.A. received little attention from the publicB. was condemned by abusive parentsC. was aimed to expand welfare programs of the United StatesD. helped much in clarifying the problem13. The person who is least likely to be a child-abusing parent is the one who______.A. was raised in abusive family situation himselfB. creates a peaceful and supportive family environment for his childC. is unemployed or socially isolatedD. is mentally ill14. Which one of the following is most probably a cause of child abuse?A. Too high an income of the parents.B. Unemployment of the parents.C. Poor health of the child.D. Peculiar personalities of the child.15. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?A. Violence on TV may contribute to child abuse.B. Medical doctors are largely to blame for unreported cases of child abuse.C. The media should not describe the details of child abuse cases.D. Violence in our society is acceptable unless children are victims.Part V. Translation (30 points)Section A.Chinese to English (15 points): Translate the following into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.人生于自然。

[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年暨南大学MTI翻译基础初试真题回忆(357、附答案）望各位大神补充翻译基础词条ECUSTR 美国销售代表TCM (traditional Chinese medicine)中医blue chip stock 蓝筹股sole agency 独家代理cultural turn 文化转向the Grapes of Wrath 《愤怒的葡萄》dialectical materialism 辩证唯物主义right of appeal 上诉权penalty duty 惩罚性关税CE人工智能AI精准扶贫targeted poverty alleviation不可抗力force majeure抖音Douyin刷脸支付paying with your face反倾销anti-dumping拦路虎obstacle中国进口博览会CIIE衣食住行basic necessities of life反国家分裂法anti-secession law篇章EC貌似是2015年的文章Making Space for China by Jim O’Neill，但是那个网站要订阅才能看全文。

如果有找到原文的，欢迎私聊有偿求CE鲁迅的《呐喊》自序Preface to “Call to Arms”From that time onwards, I could not stop writing, and would write some sort of short story from time to time at the request of friends, until I had more than a dozen of them.在我自己，本以为现在是已经并非一个切迫而不能已于言的人了，但或者也还未能忘怀于当日自己的寂寞的悲哀罢，As for myself, I no longer feel any great urge to express myself; yet, perhaps because I have not entirely forgotten the grief of my pastloneliness.所以有时候仍不免呐喊几声，聊以慰藉那在寂寞里奔驰的猛士，使他不惮于前驱。

2019年暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I.Vocabulary&Grammar(30%)Directions:There are30sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.cation and work can be restructured to teach and______the skills of concentration and focus.A.proposeB.propagateC.propelD.proceed【答案】B【解析】句意：教育和工作可以重组，以教授和培养专注和专注的技能。

propagate传播；宣传。

propose建议；求婚。

propel推进；激励。

proceed开始；继续进行。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

2.It’s difficult to_____the demands of my job and the desire to be a good father.A.reconcilebineC.relateD.integrate【答案】A【解析】句意：很难兼顾我的工作要求和做一个好父亲的愿望。

reconcile使一致；使调解。

combine联合；结合。

relate联系；讲述。

integrate成为一体；使加入。

因此，本题的正确答案为A。

3.Break out of this guilt and let yourself_____in your sense of accomplishment for what you have gotten done instead of what there is still to do.A.absorbB.indulgeC.involveD.relish【答案】D【解析】句意：打破这种内疚，让自己对你已经完成的事情而不是还要做的事情津津乐道。

暨南大学2019-2020学年春季大英班期末试题（线上考试）一、单选题（本题共30小题，每小题45分，共1.5分。

）1.Each worker puts in nearly 2,200 hours a year,（）average, and contributes about $30 to GDP per hour.A.withB.inC.onD.under2.If you have dificulty（）your bills, tell your utility company as possible.A.p ayB.p aidC.t o payD.paying3.（）most students own a smartphone, the school does not allow them to use it in the classroom.A.Even thoughB.In caseC.Now thatD.If only4.The airport is usually your first stop before（）on your vacation or trip.A.leaveB.leavingC.leftD.to leave5.It was at yesterday's meetin（）I misunderstood what you had said.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.who6.He stayed patient and answered every single question,（）obvious the answer was.A.no matter whenB.no matter whetherC.no matter whatD.no matter how7.Gencrally speaking, you should arrive at the airport with plenty of time（）.A.sparingB.to spareC.spareD.spared8.In most cases, panel interviews were（）than those held by single interviewers.A.more reliableB.reliableC.most reliableD.least reliable9.They opened a new store in our city, but not until last week（）it.A.we visitedB.we would visitC.did we visitD.have we visited10.If I were you, I（）job-hunting by visiting the websites of these companies.A.will startB.had startedC.startD.would start11.When you finish（）your questions, simply press the Enter key.A.typeB.typingC. to typeD.typed12. （）career you choose, effective communication skills will serve you well.A.WheneverB. WhereverC. WhateverD.However13.According to the contract, this project（）within four months starting from today.A.will be completedpletesC.has completedD.was completed14.（）many companies post job ads online, you can still find them in newspapers.A.As ifB.Ever sinceC.In caseD.Even though15.Studies have shown that humans working with machines are（）than a human ora machine working alone.A.more effectiveB. most effectiveC.effectiveD. least effective16.The application of Al in healthcare is expected to cut（）the cost of treatments and care.A. outB.intoC.downD.through17.（）he Internet of Things is to become a reality, its developers should pay more attention to its security.A.IfB. AlthoughC.UntilD.Unless18. Unlike many companies（）service stops once the sale is made, our service begins once you buy our product.A.whatB.whoseC.thatD.which19.While（）the article, I was wondeiing whether e-books would replace print books soon.A.readingB.readC.was readingD.to read20.It was not until the 1990s（）industrial robots became really cheap, and therefore a possible option.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that21.The key point of his speech was that we should take effective measures（）water pollution.A. stoppingB.stopC.stoppedD.to stop22.So far our company （）exceptional lawn services to residential and commercial customers for 20 years.A.will provideB.had providedC.providedD.has provided23.（）you want some samples of our new products, you might contact our salesmanager.A.IfB.WhileC.UntilD.Although24.Not until I got to the airport（）that my passport was missing.A.had I realizedB.will I realizeC. I will realizeD.I had realized25.As a sales person,（）John lacks is self-confidence when he is talking with clients.A.whichB.whatC.whyD.that26.If I（）his email address, I would have sent him a message yesterday.A. have knownB.had knownC.will knowD.know27.The more satisfied your employees are, the more they will contribute（）the success of your company.A. onB.aboutC.withD.to28.He read my credit card number out loud in front of customers（）I could stop him.A. BeforeB.whileC.asD.since29.John spent a lot of time（）to his colleagues how challenging the project was.A.explainB.explainingC.to explainD.explained30.It is the high efficiency of the new equipment（）has increasingly attracted our attention.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.who二、阅读题（本题有两篇阅读，共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。

2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(B卷)*******************************************************************************************招生专业与代码：050205日语语言文学、050203法语语言文学考试科目名称及代码：241 基础英语考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

Part I Cloze (10 points)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Brazil has __1__ to offer the visitor: 7,300 km of coastline, much of it empty, endless beaches; the planet’s biggest rainforest; an area of wetlands full of alligators and jaguars; colonial cities and spectacular waterfalls.The Bahia coast in north-east Brazil is a particularly attractive area __2__ tourism. Several luxury resorts have been built there. Recently a $170 million five-hotel __3__ at Sauipe opened. With its 18-hole golf __4__ and designer shops, Sauipe is hoping to attract rich, foreign visitors.The tourist industry __5__ problems in the past __6__ high inflation which led to short-term planning. Hotels, __7__, are long-term investments, often with __8__ periods of over 15 years. If resorts such as Sauipe __9__ attract significant numbers of tourists, they have to solve several problems.__10__ a start, Brazil needs cheaper and more frequent international air travel. Brazilian airlines have actually decreased the number of __11__ international flights in the past two years because of a currency __12__. Foreign visitors also demand a level of service __13__ needs lengthy training – a considerable task for most of the resorts in the northeast which do not have a __14__ population to provide suitable staff.The other big challenge for Sauipe’s managers is __15__ the social problems that other new resorts have caused, when large numbers of people have come from the interior in search __16__ jobs, quickly __17__slums.The resort __18__ to deal with these pressures by setting up courses in the surrounding villages for making handicrafts which will__19__at Sauipe and by organizing __20__ for local co-operatives to produce foodstuffs for the hotels.1. A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. somehow2. A. to B. for C. with D. on3. A. complexity B. complicated C. complex D. compliment4. A. course B. court C. pitch D. ground5. A. has B. have C. having D. had6. A. due B. because C. for D. because of7. A. however B. therefore C. because D. while8. A. pay B. payback C. payoff D. paycheck1。

2019年暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Education and work can be restructured to teach and ______ the skills of concentration and focus.A. proposeB. propagateC. propelD. proceed【答案】B【解析】句意：教育和工作可以重组，以教授和培养专注和专注的技能。

propagate传播；宣传。

propose建议；求婚。

propel推进；激励。

proceed开始；继续进行。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

2. It’s difficult to _____ the demands of my job and the desire to be a good father.A. reconcileB. combineC. relateD. integrate【答案】A【解析】句意：很难兼顾我的工作要求和做一个好父亲的愿望。

reconcile使一致；使调解。

combine联合；结合。

relate联系；讲述。

integrate成为一体；使加入。

因此，本题的正确答案为A。

3. Break out of this guilt and let yourself _____ in your sense of accomplishment for what you have gotten done instead of what there is still to do.A. absorbB. indulgeC. involveD. relish【答案】D【解析】句意：打破这种内疚，让自己对你已经完成的事情而不是还要做的事情津津乐道。

2020年广东暨南大学英语水平考试考研真题学科、专业名称：外国语言文学研究方向：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学考试科目名称：外语（英）水平考试考试科目代码：706考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. He made ______ alterations to his house and then sold it at a huge profit.A. offensiveB. horribleC. radicalD. patient2. After the accident, the nerves to her arm were damaged and so the muscles ____ through disuse.A. atrophiedB. contractedC. elongatedD. invigorated3. Experts have _____ with some effective measures to prevent the disease from spreading.A. caught upB. put upC. come upD. kept up4.Many animals display______ instincts only while their offspring are yo ung and helpless.A. cerebralB. imperiousC. ruefulD. maternal5. He seemed to be a very important person __________.A. the way through which he walkedB. in the way how he walkedC. in the way he would walkD. the way he walked6. Only a selected number of landladies in the neighborhood have been allowed by theuniversity to take in _____.A. residentsB. inhabitantsC. lodgersD. settlers7. _____ the popular belief that classical music is too complex, it achieves a simplicitythat only a genius can create.A. Subject toB. Contrary toC. Familiar toD. Similar to8. The drink was packaged in champagne bottles and was being _____ as the real stuff.A. passed outB. passed byC. passed overD. passed off9. It is said that the math teacher seems _____ towards bright students.A. liableB. partialC. beneficialD. preferable10. Cathedrals usually take decades, even centuries, to complete; thus no oneexpected the National Cathedral to be built with________.A. dispatchB. presumptionC. durabilityD. deliberation11. Doctors sometimes _____ old cures when modern medicine doesn’t work.A. fall onB. fall down onC. fall back onD. fall in upon12. Many people at that time believed that spices help preserve food; however, Hallfound that many marketed spices were ____ bacteria, molds and yeasts.A. devoid ofB. teeming withC. improved byD. destroyed by13. A painter’s ability to render a likeness is both_______ and acquired; the artistblends natural abilities with worldly experience in the creation of his or her art.A. anticipatedB. overtC. aestheticD. innate14. Because the pandas had already been weakened by disease and drought, a harshwinter would have had___________ consequences for them.A. preventiveB. regressiveC. catastrophicD. unforeseen15. The football match was _____ because of the heavy rain.A. called overB. called upC. called outD. called off16. Rodolfo Gonzales was once described as ________ in body and mind because of theflexibility and grace apparent in both his boxing and his writing of poetry and plays.A. unyieldingB. tremulousC. emphaticD. lithe17. A _______ is a grill on which meat, fish and other foods are cooked over hotcharcoal, usually outdoors.A. duetB. fagC. tonicD. barbecue18.The______ warned the sleeping troops that the enemy was creeping near .A. pickpocketB. picketC. pikeD. pickup19. Last Sunday she came to visit us out of the blue. The italicized phrase means______.A. unexpectedlyB. unhappilyC. untidilyD. unofficially20. We had a good time there, and the food was plentiful and _____.A. conduciveB. wholesomeC. helpfulD. appreciative21. On the conference, representatives from different countries _____ different viewpointson this international issue.A. put outB. put offC. put forthD. put down22. If you spill hot liquid on your skin it will______ you.A. scaleB. scaldC. shunD. shunt23. ____ the wall, we decided that we should need three tins of paint.A. Making upB. Doing upC. Putting upD. Sizing up24. In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly _____ if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.A. admiredB. regardedC. expectedD. worshipped25. If we believe something is good and true we should _____ to it.A. hold upB. keep onC. hold onD. keep up26. Suppose your father _______ you, what ___________?A. sees…should he sayB. should see…will he have saidC. had seen…will he sayD. saw…would he say27. Ecology, like economics, concerns itself with the movement of valuable ________through a complex network of producers and consumers.A. commoditiesB. dividendsC. nutrientsD. artifacts28. ____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinnerparty.A. Had they arrivedB. Could they arriveC. Were they arrivingD. Were they to arrive29. Their daughter often turns a deaf ear to their inquiries, so they sometimes have to ______answers from her.A. distillB. exchangeC. squeezeD. exit30. ____ by nature, Jones spoke very little even to his own family members.A. GarrulousB. EquivocalC. TaciturnD. ArrogantPart II. Cloze (20 points)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.The 1 of the division of labour, in the general business of society, willbe more easily understood by considering in what manner it operates in some particular manufactures. It is commonly supposed to be carried furthest in some very 2 ones; not perhaps that it really is carried further in them than in othersof more 3 : but in those manufactures which are destined to supply the small 4 of but a small number of people, the whole number of workmen must necessarilybe 5 ; and those employed in every different branch of the work can often be collected into the 6 workhouse, and placed at once under the view of the 7 . In those great manufactures, 8 , which are destined to satisfy the great body of the people, every different branch of the work employs 9 a number of workmen that we can seldom see more, 10 , than those employed inone 11 branch. 12 in such manufactures, therefore, the work may really be divided into a much greater number of parts, the division is not near so 13 , and has accordingly been much less observed.To take an example, therefore, from a manufacture in which the division of labourhas been very often taken 14 of, the trade of the pin-maker; a workman not educated to this business (which the division of labour has 15 a distinct trade), nor acquainted with the use of the machinery employed in it (to the 16 of which the same division of labour has probably given occasion), could 17 ,perhaps, with his utmost 18 , make one pin in a day, and certainly could not make twenty. But in the way in which this business is now carried on, not only the whole work is a 19 trade, but it is divided into a number of branches. I have seen a small manufactory of this kind where ten men only were employed, and where they could, when they 20 themselves, make among them about twelve pounds of pins in a day.1. A. causes B. background C. effects D. principles2. A. important B. great C. trifling D. worthless3. A. influence B. importance C. production D. labour4. A. business B. products C. wants D. necessities5. A. large B. enough C. excess D. small6. A. same B. small C. separate D. different7. A. audience B. spectator C. workman D. employer8. A. by and large B. in addition C. on the contrary D. so to speak9. A. so great B. so small C. such great D. such small10.A. at the time B. at any time C. at one time D. at times11.A. single B. different C. particular D. important12.A. If B. While C. Though D. As13.A. complete B. fair C. obvious D. obscure14.A. care B. notice C. control D. attention15.A. rendered B. displayed C. yielded D. caused16.A. usage B. application C. invention D. inception17.A. likely B. easily C. scarce D. often18.A. intelligence B. craft C. ability D. industry19.A. peculiar B. trivial C. great D. important20.A. applied B. pushed C. tried D. exertedPart III. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions:In this section, there are three passages followed by questions orunfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and write the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1Slavery was legal for over 200 years in some parts of North America, particularly the southern states of the United States, where the plantation system of agriculture depended on the labor of slaves, most of whom came from Africa. Slaves had no rights or freedoms because they were thought of as property. From the time of its origin, slavery had opponents. The abolitionist movement began in the 1600s when the Quakers in Pennsylvania objected to slavery on moral grounds and wanted to abolish the institution.In 1793, Canada passed a law abolishing slavery and declared that any escaped slaves who came to Canada would be free citizens. Slavery was already illegal in most northern states; however, slaves captured there by slave hunters could be returned to slavery in the South. Canada refused to return runaway slaves or to allow American slave hunters into the country. It is estimated that more than 30, 000 runaway salves immigrated into Canada and settled in the Great Lakes region between 1830 and 1865.The American antislavery movement was at the height of its activity during the 1800s, when abolitionists developed the Underground Railroad, a loosely organized system whereby runaway slaves were passed from safe house to safe house as they fled northwards to free states or Canada. The term was first used in the 1830s and came from an Ohio clergyman who said, “They who took passage on it disappeared from public view as if they had really gone to ground.” Because the Underground Railroad was so secret, few records exist that would reveal the true number of people who traveled on it to freedom. The most active routes on the railroad were in Ohio, Indiana, and western Pennsylvania.Runaway slaves usually travel alone or in small groups. Most were young menbetween the ages of 16 and 35. The fugitives hid in wagons under loads of hay or potatoes, or in furniture and boxes in steamers and on rafts. They traveled on foot through swamps and woods, moving only a few miles each night, using the North Star as a compass. Sometimes they moved in broad daylight. Boys disguised themselves as girls, and girls dressed as boys. In one well-known incident, twenty-eight slaves escaped by walking in a funeral procession from Kentucky to Ohio.The “railroad” developed its own language. The “trains” were the large farm wagons that could conceal and carry a number of people. The ‘tracks” were the backcountry roads that were used to elude the slave hunters. The “stations” were the homes and hiding places where the slaves were fed and cared for as they moved north. The “agents” were the people who planned the escape routes. The “conductors”were the fearless men and women who led the slaves toward freedom. The “passengers”were the slaves who dared to run away and break for liberty. Passengers paid no fare and conductors received no pay.The most daring conductor was Harriet Tubman, a former slave who dedicated her life to helping other runaways. Tubman made 19 trips into the South to guide 300 relatives, friends, and strangers to freedom. She was wanted dead or alive in the South, but she was never captured and never lost a passenger. A determined worker, she carried a gun for protection and a supply of drugs to quiet the crying babies in her rescue parties.A number of white people joined the effort, including Indiana banker Levi Coffin and his wife Catherine, who hid runaways in their home, a “station” conveniently located on three main escape routes to Canada. People could be hidden there for several weeks, recovering their strength and waiting until it was safe to continue on their journey. Levi Coffin was called the “president of the Underground Railroad”because he helped as many as 3 000 slaves to escape.The people who worked on the railroad were breaking the law. Although the escape network was never as successful or as well organized as Southerners thought, the few thousand slaves who made their way to freedom in this way each year had a symbolic significance out of proportion to their actual numbers. The Underground Railroadcontinued operating until slavery in the United States was finally abolished in 1865.1. Why did thousands of runaway slaves immigrate to Canada?A. They preferred the climate of the Great Lakes region.B. Working conditions for slaves were better in Canada.C. Canada had no laws restricting immigration.D. Former slaves could live as free citizens in Canada.2. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the underlinedsentence in paragraph 3?A. The Underground Railroad kept secret records in which all of the passengers and tripswere documented.B. Few people understood why the Underground Railroad would not reveal how many peoplechose to travel in this way.C. The Underground Railroad’s records were not accurate, so the true number of travelers isdifficult to estimate.D. We do not know exactly how many slaves escaped on the Underground Railroad becauseit was a secret organization.3. The author discusses the language of the Underground Railroad in paragraph 5 in order toA. trace the history of American English words.B. illustrate the secret nature of the escape network.C. point out that some words have more than one meaning.D. compare the Underground Railroad to other railways.4. Which of the following statements is true about the passengers on the Underground Railroad?A. Their destination was in the northern states or Canada.B. They were not allowed to make stops during the journey.C. Their babies were disguised to look like baggage.D. They paid the conductors at the end of the journey.5. It can be inferred from paragraph 8 that the author most likely believes which of the followingabout the Underground Railroad?A. The people who worked on the railroad should have been arrested.B. The railroad was unsuccessful because it could not help every slave.C. Southerners did not know about the railroad until after it closed.D. The railroad represented a symbolic victory for abolitionists.Passage 2At the present time, 98 percent of the world energy consumption comes from stored sources, such as fossil fuels or nuclear fuel. Only hydroelectric and wood energy represent completely renewable sources on ordinary time scales. Discovery of large additional fossil fuel reserves, solution of the nuclear safety and waste disposal problems, or the development of controlled thermonuclear fusion will provide only a short-term solution to the world’s energy crisis. Within about 100 years, the thermal pollution resulting from our increased energy consumption will make solar energy a necessity at any cost.Man’s energy consumption is currently about one part in ten thousand that of the energy we receive from the sun. However, it is growing at a 5 percent rate, of which about 2 percent represents a population growth and 3 percent a per capita energy increase. If this growth continues, within 100 years our energy consumption will be about 1 percent of the absorbed solar energy, enough to increase the average temperature of the earth by about one degree centigrade if stored energy continues to be our predominant source. This will be the point at which there will be significant effects on our climate, including the melting of the polar ice caps, a phenomenon which will raise the level of the oceans and flood parts of our major cities. There is positive feedback associated with this process, since the polarice cap contributes to the partial reflectivity of the energy arriving from the sun: As the ice caps begin to melt, the reflectivity will decrease, thus heating the earth still further.It is often stated that the growth rate will decline or that energy conservation measures will preclude any long-range problem. Instead, this only postpones the problem by a few years. Conservation by a factor or two together with a maintenance of the 5 percent growth rate delays the problem by only 14 years. Reduction of the growth rate to 4 percent postpones the problem by only 25 years; in addition, the inequities in standards of living throughout the world will provide pressure toward an increase in growth rate, particularly if cheap energy is available. The problem of a changing climate will not be evident until perhaps ten years before it becomes critical due to the nature of an exponential growth rate together with the normal annual weather variations. This may be too short a period to circumvent the problem by converting to other energy sources, so advance planning is a necessity.The only practical means of avoiding the problem of thermal pollution appears to be the use of solar energy. Using the solar energy before it is dissipated to heat does not increase the earth’s energy balance. The cost of solar energy is extremely favorable now, particularly when compared to the cost of relocating many of our major cities.6. All of the following are factors which will tend to increase thermal pollution EXCEPTA. the earth’s increasing population.B. increase in per capita energy consumption.C. expected anomalies in weather patterns.D. melting of the polar ice caps.7. The positive feedback mentioned in paragraph 2 means that the melting of the polar ice capswillA. reduce per capital energy consumption.B. accelerate the transition to solar energy.C. intensify the effects of thermal pollution.D. necessitates a shift to alternative energy sources.8. The possibility of energy conservation is mentioned in order toA. refute a possible objection to the author’s position.B. support directly the central idea of the text.C. prove that such measures are ineffective.D. supply the reader with additional background information.9. Which of the following would be the most logical topic for the author to address in a succeedingparagraph?A. The problems of nuclear energy and waste disposal.B. The availability and cost of solar energy technology.C. The practical effects of flooding of coastal cities.D. A history of the development of solar energy.10. The tone of the text is best described as one ofA. optimism.B. indignation.C. suspicion.D. pessimism.Passage 3Democritus was fascinated by the question of what principle underlay the material universe and developed a solution that revealed the brilliance of his thought. Every material thing, he believed, is made up of a finite number of discrete particles, or atoms, as he called them, whose joining together and subsequent separation account for the coming to be of things and for their passing away. The atoms themselves, he said, are infinite in number and eternal. They move, according to a necessary motion, in the void, which we would call space.Most of the main tenets of the atomism of Democritus were astonishingly modern.First, the atoms were invisibly small. They were all of the same stuff, or nature, but they came in a multitude of different shapes and sizes. Though impermeable (Democritus did not know that atoms could be split), they acted upon one another, aggregating and clinging to one another so as to produce the great variety of bodies that we see. The space outside the atoms was empty, a concept that most of Democritus’s contemporaries could not accept.Second, the atoms are in perpetual motion, in every direction, throughout empty space. There is no above or below, before or behind, in empty space, said Democritus. In modern terms, empty space did not vary according to direction. This was an extremely sophisticated notion.Third, the continual motion of the atoms was inherent. They possessed what we would call inertial mass. The notion that the atoms kept on moving without being pushed, besides being another remarkable intellectual concept, was not acceptable to Aristotle and others. Only the celestial bodies, Aristotle thought, kept on moving of and by themselves, because they were divine. The general refusal by Aristotle and his influential followers to accept the law of inertia stood as an obstacle to development of physics for two thousand years.Fourth, weight or gravity was not a property of atoms or indeed of aggregates thereof. Here Democritus was as wrong as wrong could be.Whether Democritus was right or wrong about a fifth point is not definitely decided to this day. He held that the soul is breath and because breath is material, and therefore made up of atoms, so must the soul be. He maintained that, because the soul is a physical thing, it must be determined by physical laws; it cannot be free. Even the hardy thinkers who claim to accept this theory do not act as if they do. They may deny the innate freedom of others, but they act as if they believe in their own.The tension built up by this antinomy has proved to be fruitful over the centuries. However, the notion that the soul was material proved so unacceptable to both the Aristotelians and the Christians that for nearly two millennia the atomic hypothesis languished.11. According to Democritus, empty space ________.A. is directionless with regard to the movement of atomsB. is an erroneous notion concerning atomsC. possesses inertial massD. is an illusion when viewed at the atomic level12. The author discusses the beliefs of Aristotle and his followers in order to________.A. show the history that led up to the development of the theory of atomism.B. note that influential individuals delayed the acceptance of scientific truthC. highlight the accuracy of certain parts of Democritus’s theoryD. add an element of philosophy into an otherwise scientific discussion13. It can be inferred from Democritus’s inclusion of the soul in his theories of the materialuniverse that ________.A. philosophy, religion, and science were not always thought of as separate fieldsB. scientists were often unsuccessful in making philosophical theoriesC. he was attempting to align his thinking with that of AristotleD. while his initial theories were accurate, his later theories were proven wrong14. Democritus would most likely believe that which of the following would explain the lifecycle of a flower?A. The constant motion of atoms produces the illusion of a flower.B. The splitting of atoms leads to the creation of new cells which form the flower.C. The same material that composes the soul also breathes life into plants.D. Atoms come together as the flower grows and disperse as it dies.15. Which is most analogous to a “hardy thinker’s” view of the soul?A. A politician’s practice of using public transportation because that is how everyone in hiscity travels.B. A doctor’s recommendation that his patient quit smoking to improve the patient’s healthwhile the doctor smokes a pack a day.C. A mother taking her daughter to ballet practice every day because the mother never hadthat opportunity as a child.D. A teacher showing all his students the proper way to do a math problem and then doingnothing while the students solve a set of problems.Part IV. Translation (40 points)Section A. Chinese to English (20 points): Translate the following into English.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.白先勇（Pai Hsien-yung）毕业于爱荷华大学著名的“作家工作坊”，想必也曾吸取了詹姆斯、乔伊斯、福克纳和菲茨杰拉德等大家的写作经验。

2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题学科、专业名称：外国语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学研究方向：各研究方向考试科目名称：808外国语言文学综合考试SECTION A. Fill the blanks with proper answers 10%1. The English sonnet, also known as ________________________ sonnet, usually has a regularrhyme scheme a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g.2. It was in 1798, with the publication of William Wordsworth’s ___________, in collaborationwith S.T. Coleridge, that romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.3. The typical feature of Robert Browning's poetry is the ____________________.4. The Graveyard Poets were a number of pre-Romantic English poets of the 18th centurycharacterized by their gloomy meditations on mortality in the context of the graveyard. Acontemplative and mellow mood is achieved in the celebrated opening verse of Gray's_____________________.5. As one of the great innovators of the modern novel, Virginia Woolf developed the technique of__________________________ in her writing, which focuses on the complex lives ofcharacters’ inner minds instead of outward actions.6. It was ___________________ , as the primary author who wrote “the Declaration ofIndependence”, together with other four men including Benjamin Franklin.7. ____________________’s “The Raven” is a dark reflection on lost love, death, and loss of hope.8. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Scarlet Letter is a story about a woman named _________________living in seventeenth - century Boston, then a puritan settlement.9. Early in the 1920s the most prominent of the new American playwrights, ______________,established an international reputation with such plays as The Emperor Jones and The HairyApe . 10. Hemingway’s stature as a writer was confirmed with the publication of his novel _________ in 1929, which portrayed a farewell both to war and to love. . Define the terms listed below according to your knowledge of English and American literature and criticism. 1.Gothic novel 2. Byronic hero 3. Critical Realism 4. Transcendentalism 20%. Identify the following quotations by giving 1 the title of the work; (2) the name of its author, and (3) explain briefly the implications of the underlined parts. 20%1. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a without them, and above them, won by observation . 2. If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear; / If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee; / A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share / The impulse of thy strength, only less free / Than thou, O Uncontrollable! 3. Oh sir, she smiled, no doubt, / Whene’er I passed her; but who passed without / Much the same smile? This grew I gave commands /Then all smiles stopped altogether.4. He smiled understandingly —much more than understandingly. ……Precisely atthat point it vanished — and I was looking at an elegant young roughneck, a year or two over thirty, whose elaborate formality of speech just missed being absurd.Some time before he introduced himself I’d got a strong impression that he waspicking his words with care. 5. To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary whilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But if a man would be alone, let him look at the stars. The rays that come from those heavenly worlds, will separate between him and vulgar things. . Writing: Choose one of the following pair and write a comparative essay of no less than 200 words (25%):1. Charles Dickens and Thomas Hardy2. The Lost Generation & The Beat GenerationSECTION B I. There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10%) 1. Which of the following sounds does not belong to the allomorphs of the English simple past morpheme? A. [d] B. [t] C. [I t] D. [I d] 2. When -ion in 'television' is removed to get a verb 'televise', we call this way of creating words ________.A. suffixation C. blending B. back-formation D. acronymy 3. In the following conversation: - Beirut is in Peru, isn't it? - And Rome is in Romania, I suppose. The second person violates the ______________ of the Cooperative Principle. A. Quantity Maxim B. Quality Maxim C. Relation Maxim D. Manner Maxim 4. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___________.A. prescriptive B. sociolinguistic C. descriptive D. psycholinguistic 5. The discovery of the Indo-European language family began with the work of ________.A. Jacob Grimm C. Leonard Bloomfield B. Bronislaw Malinowski D. Sir William Jones 6. One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D. arbitrariness 7. The consonant [ð] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.A. voiceless, alveolar, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, lateralC. voiced, dental, fricativeD. voiceless, labiodental, affricate 8. "I bought some roses " __________ "I bought some flowers ".A. entails C. is inconsistent with B. presupposes D. is synonymous with 9. The process where a word or phrase refers forward to another word or phrase which occurs later in a text or conversation is called __________.A. antecedent B. cataphora C. anaphora D. reference 10. Which pair of words in the following is a minimal pair? A. dick, dug B. bike, pike C. cat, pet D. page, lake II. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases starting with the first letter given below. (10%) 1. S __________ is the smallest component of meaning. 2. An e______________________ construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable center of head. 3. A c_____________ is a collection of linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech. 4. A s________________ is a specification of what takes place in the classroom, which usually contains the aims and contents of teaching and sometimes contains suggestions of methodology. 5. J. R. F_________ was the first professor of general linguistics in Great Britain and he turned linguistics proper into a recognized distinct academic subject in Britain. 6. IC analysis is the short form for i__________. 7. The i________________ function is to convey new information, to communicate a content that is unknown to the hearer or reader. 8. B_________________ in linguistics holds that children learn language through a chain ofstimulus-response reinforcement.9. The P____________ School is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between phonetics and phonology. It most prominent scholar is Trubetzcoy.10. Philosophers use c_________________ to mean the properties of the entity a word denotes. III. Define the following terms. (25%)1. arbitrariness2. antonymy3. conversational implicature4. broad transcription5. propositionIV. Give each of the following a brief account. (30%)1. Linguistic determinism 10%2. Metaphor 10%3. In what way is Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole different from C homsky’s distinction between competence and performance? 10%。

暨南大学2019-2020学年春季大英班期末试题（线上考试）一、单选题（本题共30小题，每小题45分，共1.5分。

）1.Each worker puts in nearly 2,200 hours a year,（）average, and contributes about $30 to GDP per hour.A.withB.inC.onD.under2.If you have dificulty（）your bills, tell your utility company as possible.A.p ayB.p aidC.t o payD.paying3.（）most students own a smartphone, the school does not allow them to use it in the classroom.A.Even thoughB.In caseC.Now thatD.If only4.The airport is usually your first stop before（）on your vacation or trip.A.leaveB.leavingC.leftD.to leave5.It was at yesterday's meetin（）I misunderstood what you had said.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.who6.He stayed patient and answered every single question,（）obvious the answer was.A.no matter whenB.no matter whetherC.no matter whatD.no matter how7.Gencrally speaking, you should arrive at the airport with plenty of time（）.A.sparingB.to spareC.spareD.spared8.In most cases, panel interviews were（）than those held by single interviewers.A.more reliableB.reliableC.most reliableD.least reliable9.They opened a new store in our city, but not until last week（）it.A.we visitedB.we would visitC.did we visitD.have we visited10.If I were you, I（）job-hunting by visiting the websites of these companies.A.will startB.had startedC.startD.would start11.When you finish（）your questions, simply press the Enter key.A.typeB.typingC. to typeD.typed12. （）career you choose, effective communication skills will serve you well.A.WheneverB. WhereverC. WhateverD.However13.According to the contract, this project（）within four months starting from today.A.will be completedpletesC.has completedD.was completed14.（）many companies post job ads online, you can still find them in newspapers.A.As ifB.Ever sinceC.In caseD.Even though15.Studies have shown that humans working with machines are（）than a human ora machine working alone.A.more effectiveB. most effectiveC.effectiveD. least effective16.The application of Al in healthcare is expected to cut（）the cost of treatments and care.A. outB.intoC.downD.through17.（）he Internet of Things is to become a reality, its developers should pay more attention to its security.A.IfB. AlthoughC.UntilD.Unless18. Unlike many companies（）service stops once the sale is made, our service begins once you buy our product.A.whatB.whoseC.thatD.which19.While（）the article, I was wondeiing whether e-books would replace print books soon.A.readingB.readC.was readingD.to read20.It was not until the 1990s（）industrial robots became really cheap, and therefore a possible option.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that21.The key point of his speech was that we should take effective measures（）water pollution.A. stoppingB.stopC.stoppedD.to stop22.So far our company （）exceptional lawn services to residential and commercial customers for 20 years.A.will provideB.had providedC.providedD.has provided23.（）you want some samples of our new products, you might contact our salesmanager.A.IfB.WhileC.UntilD.Although24.Not until I got to the airport（）that my passport was missing.A.had I realizedB.will I realizeC. I will realizeD.I had realized25.As a sales person,（）John lacks is self-confidence when he is talking with clients.A.whichB.whatC.whyD.that26.If I（）his email address, I would have sent him a message yesterday.A. have knownB.had knownC.will knowD.know27.The more satisfied your employees are, the more they will contribute（）the success of your company.A. onB.aboutC.withD.to28.He read my credit card number out loud in front of customers（）I could stop him.A. BeforeB.whileC.asD.since29.John spent a lot of time（）to his colleagues how challenging the project was.A.explainB.explainingC.to explainD.explained30.It is the high efficiency of the new equipment（）has increasingly attracted our attention.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.who二、阅读题（本题有两篇阅读，共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。