1 非谓语动词语法讲解
一、非谓语动词的概念
动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、 动词的过去分词：done
★不定式：表示目的和将来；
动词的ing：表示主动和进行；
过去分词：表示被动和完成。
二、非谓语动词的时态和语态
一般式 完成式 进行式
不定式 主动 to do to have done to be doing
被动 to be done to have been done
ing 形式 主动 doing having done
被动 being done having been done
过去分词 被动 done
三．非谓语动词的句法功能：
（一）动词不定式：to+do
1．不定式的否定式：not + to do
（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
（2）进行式：不定式的动作正在发生
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前
I regretted to have told a lie. 2 I happened to have seen the film.
2．不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
★动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
非谓语动词专项练习
1. There ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.
A. was B. being C. were D. had been
2. The policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the ground.
A. found B. find C. finding D. to find
3. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.
A. closing; trembling B. closed; trembling
C. closed; trembled D. closing; trembled
4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.
A. Stick in hand B. With a stick in her hand
C. Sticks in hand D. Sticks in hands
5. Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hoping C. so that D. and
6. How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!
A. hearing B. heard C. hear D. to hear
非谓语动词
非谓语动词: 1动词不定式 2动名词 3分词( 现在分词；过去分词)
概述：
1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词
2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。
非谓语动词使用条件
一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,
还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.
动词不定式
一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：
1． 一般式to do 例如：I like to read English.
2． 进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.
3． 完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.
4． 被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon.
5． 完成被动式to have been done
例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.
二. 动词不定式的用法
I.作主语
(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。
To see is to believe． Not to get there in time is your fault.
(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。
动词不定式
动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。
这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。
动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。
（一）动词不定式：
动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。
1、动词不定式的形式变化：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。
语态式 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式
主 动 to build to have built to be building to have been building
被 动 to be build to have been build
2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：
（1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.
（2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up
another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up
