名词性从句专项___主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句
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名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。
它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目,在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到,并且每年的命题各有变化。
分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题2. 考查引导词that与what的区别3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4. 考查whether与if的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题语法要点剖析一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。
因此,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词:that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词:when, where, how, why1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
例如:What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。
它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。
因此,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词:that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词:when, where, how, why1. 主语从句(两种结构,三类连接词)两种结构1.主语从句位于句首:What he wants is a book.Who kept the door open all night was unknown.2.主语从句位于句尾,it 作形式主语。
(1)It + be + 名词+ that从句It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have wo n the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。
(2)It + be + 形容词+ that从句.It seems obvious that we can not go on like this. 很明显我们不能这样下去了(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.众所周知光沿直线传播。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.(4)It + 不及物动词+ that 从句注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…三类连接词:1.连词that whetherthat引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。
名词性从句的种类与作用名词性从句是指在句子中充当名词的句子成分,它能够承担名词所具有的各种功能,如主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
名词性从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富,表达更加准确。
本文将介绍名词性从句的种类及其作用。
一、主语从句主语从句是名词性从句的一种常见形式,它在句子中充当主语的角色,起到句子的主题和核心的作用。
主语从句通常以“that”或“whether”引导。
例如:1. That he is a talented musician is well known to everyone.2. Whether she will come to the party is still uncertain.主语从句常常用于强调句和形式主语的表达中,使句子更加生动有力。
二、宾语从句宾语从句作为动词的宾语出现,可以回答“what”、“where”、“which”、“who”等疑问词引导的问题。
它常见于及物动词后,也可用于介词后。
例如:1. She asked me what I wanted for dinner.2. He told me where he had been yesterday.宾语从句的作用是充当动词的宾语,使句子更加完整,表达更加准确。
三、表语从句表语从句用来修饰名词或代词,充当表语的角色,常以“that”或“whether”引导。
表语从句通常出现在“be”动词后或感官动词后。
例如:1. The question is whether we should go or stay.2. His wish is that he could travel around the world.表语从句可以在句中起到进一步解释、说明或补充的作用,使句子更加丰富多样。
四、同位语从句同位语从句指的是对名词或代词进行解释、说明或补充的句子,常见于名词后面,起到进一步解释名词的作用。
同位语从句通常以“that”引导。
完整版)高中英语名词性从句专项练习名词性从句是指在整个句子中充当名词的从句,包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
这四种从句的引导词可分为三类:连接词that、whether和if,连接代词what、who、whom、whose、which和whatever,以及连接副词when、where、how、why和whenever。
在选择连接词时,需要注意that和what的区别。
虽然它们都可以引导所有的名词从句,但what除了起连接作用外,还可以在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
而that只起连接作用,不充当任何成分。
另外,if和whether也需要正确使用,不能用if引导主语从句句首、表语从句或同位语从句,也不能与to do连用,以免引起歧义。
除了that和what以外的连接代词和副词,需要根据名词性从句的具体意义来选择适当的连接词。
这些连接词既具有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。
在宾语从句中,that可以省略,但在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和用it做形式宾语的宾语从句中,that不能省略。
同位语从句通常由名词加连接词和从句构成,连接词通常是that,但也可以根据含义选用whether、what、when、where等。
如果中心词是“意见、建议、命令”,从句要用虚拟语气(should)。
最后,需要注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别。
定语从句是先行词的修饰语,从句中that充当成分,做宾语时可省略。
而同位语从句表明中心词的具体内容,that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略。
在判断从句类型时,需要注意宾语从句的时态呼应。
will start the meeting.2.I don't know if/whether he will be able to come to the party.3.She asked if/whether I had XXX.4.I XXX it XXX.5.He asked if/whether I wanted to go to the movies with him.6.I'm not sure if/whether I should take this job offer.7.The teacher asked if/whether we had any XXX.8.He asked if/whether I had seen the new movie that justcame out.9.I'm not sure if/whether I can finish this project on time.10.She asked if/whether I had heard the news about the XXX。
专题十四名词性从句考点知识清单复合句包括两个或两个以上的主谓结构,其中一个是主句,另一个是从句(即在整个句子中作句子的一个成分,不能独立)。
按照从句在句中的功能,可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
因为这四种从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词,因此,统称为名词性从句。
名词性从句需由连接词引导,连接词主要有三类:从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。
从属连词只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用,又在从句中充当某一个成分。
另外,名词性从句要用陈述语序。
知识梳理考点一主语从句常引导主语从句的连接词有从属连词:that(无词义),whether/if(是否);连接代词:what(什么;所……的),who(主格,谁),whom(宾格,谁),which(哪一个),whose(谁的),whatever(无论什么),whoever(主格,无论谁),whomever(宾格,无论谁),whichever(无论哪一个)等;连接副词:when(什么时候),where(什么地方),why(为什么),how(怎样)等。
1.that引导的主语从句that只起连接作用,无词义,在从句中不作成分,一般不能省略。
如:That he will come and help us is certain.他来帮我们是肯定的了。
That pneumonia is a comrnon disease is known to all。
众所周知,肺炎是一种普通疾病。
2.whether/if引导的主语从句whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾,但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾,前面需用it作形式主语。
whether/if只起连接作用,译成“是否”,在从句中不作成分。
如:Whether it is true remains a question.它是真是假,还是个问题。
(不能用if)It is doubtful whether the manager knew the details of the plan.经理是否知道计划的细节,还值得怀疑。
各类从句详解英语从句可以分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三大类:下面我们逐一进行说明:一、名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的充当的成分和其名称相同,分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
上述这四种从句均被称为名词性从句。
所有的名词性从句均不能用逗号分开,并且它们都用相同的关联词,关联词如下:①主从连词:that (无意义), whether (是否), if (是否)(在句子中不充当任何成分)②连接代词:who (谁), whom (谁), whose (谁的), what (什么), which (哪一个)③连接副词:when (什么时候), where (什么地方), how (怎样), why (为什么)主从连词只起连接作用,连接代词和连接副词除了起连接作用外,还充当从句某一个成分。
另外,可以用whatever, whichever, whoever, who(m)ever等连接代词引导名词性从句,来加强语气。
下面分别对各种名词性从句进行介绍(一)主语从句(subject clause)在主句中用作主语的主谓结构称之为主语从句。
例如:That he will come to the discussion is certain.他来参加讨论是确定的。
That the moon moves round the earth is well known to all of us.月球绕地球转动,这是我们大家都熟知的。
When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decide.会议什么时候召开还没有决定。
主语从句放在句首,句子常常显得比较笨重,因此通常可以把it放在句首,作形式主语,而将主语从句放在后面。
例如上面的句子可以分别改写为:It is certain that he will come to the discussion.It is well known to all of us that the moon moves round the earth.It has not yet been decide when the meeting is to be held.下面再举一些例句:What they are after is profit.他们追求的是利润。
高考语法专题复习-名词性从句(郑州四中名师特供)概念名词性从句,就是句法功能与名词相同的从句,也就是在整个句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语的从句。
一、<核心考点>问题一:名词性从句分为哪几种?问题二:判断下列属于哪类名词性从句。
1.She said (that) the book was based on a true story. ()2.That he won first prize delighted me.()3.The advantage is that we know more about medicine today.()4.He told me the news that our team had won the game. ()5.I asked her whether/if she agreed. ()6.Tom is no longer what he used to be.()7.I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.()8.The question is whether they will support me. ()9.He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.()10.That was where we camped last time. ( )11.Tell me whether or not you’re interested in English. ()12.The question is which he will choose. ()13.What we need is more time. ()问题三:名词性从句三个要素?1.语序:跟陈述句语序相同,主语在前,谓语动词在后。
如:Why he did it remains a puzzle.2.时态一致:当主句谓语是现在式时,从句谓语可根据情况用不同时态,若主句谓语为过去式时,从句谓语通常也用过去式。
名词性从句名词性从句〔主语、表语、宾语、同位语从句〕(一)主语从句1.定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2.构成:关联词+简单句3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:(1) 附属连词that。
如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。
(2) 附属连词whether。
如:Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。
(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词where, when, how, why。
如:What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。
解释:1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。
常以it作形式主语的句型有:A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。
如:It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。
如:It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。
C.It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。
如:It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。
英语八大从句类型与用法总结有哪些从句英语有六种从句类型,分别是主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句。
英语从句类型主语从句用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
表语从句用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词许多都一样。
宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系就是同位关系,即主表关系。
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
状语从句可分为:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、缘由状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句。
英语从句用法1.主语从句1)主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,假如从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。
常见的句型有:2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语。
3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序。
2.宾语从句1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。
连词that 常可省略。
介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。
in that(由于),except that(除了),but that(只是)已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
2)宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
名词性从句专项一、知识梳理/提炼要点一:句子的分类根据句子的结构可分为:①简单句——一主一谓。
②并列句——由等立连词and, but, so, for把两个(以上)的简单句连在一起构成。
③复合句——一个主句+从句(一个或以上)构成。
根据从句在复合句中的作用,分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。
要点二:名词性从句总述1. 主语从句——在句中作主语,可用it作形式主语,把真正的从句放在句尾。
如:It is still a mystery how the prisoner escaped.犯人是如何逃跑的是个谜。
主语从句中,谓语动词一般用单数。
What引导的主语从句,可根据表语决定。
如:What he needs is that book?What he needs are some book?主语从句常用的结构有:It is well known/reported/thought/said/… that…It is natural/surprising/necessary/certain/true/clear…that…It is a pity/a shame/an honor/no surprise/no wonder…that…It doesn’t’t matter whether…It seems\appears that…It happens that…2. 表语从句——位于系动词之后充当复合句的表语,引导词that 一般可以省略,还可用as if/as though/because/why引导。
如:The question is who can complete the difficult task.问题是是能完成这项艰巨的任务。
3.同位语从句——跟在名词后面,进一步说明该名词的具体容。
名词主要有:fact, news (word), promise, idea, truth, thought, suggestion, hope, proposal, doubt等。
一般用that引导,不省略。
如:The news that our team has won the match is true.我们队赢得了比赛的消息是真的。
4.宾语从句——在句中作动词、介词或者形容词的宾语。
由that, if/whether/what,when, how, wich等引导。
如:I doubt whether\if he will keep his word.我怀疑他是否会信守诺言。
Whether we can succeed depends on how well we cooperate.能否成功有赖于我们怎么合作。
I am afraid (that) I have made a foolish mistake.我恐怕是犯了个愚蠢错误。
要点三:名词性从句的引导词1.从属连词有that, whether, if。
它们只起连接作用,不充当从句的任何成分。
2.连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等。
它们在从句中起连接作用,本身又作从句的主语、宾语、宾补、表语或定语。
3.连接副词有when, where, why, how 等,它们既起连接作用,本身又作从句的状语。
how many(much, far, long, often, soon)等引导主语、宾语、表语从句要点四:名词性从句的语序名词性从句中一律用述句语序1. that 和whether/if引导的从句She sensed something.A tall man in a dark coat was staring at herShe sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.She wondered.Would the buses still be running?She wondered if/whether the buses would still be running.2. 疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用述句语序,不能用一般疑问句(倒装)语序。
他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。
How was he successful is still a puzzle. (F)How he was successful is still a puzzle. (T)你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗?Could you tell me where he lives? (T)Could you tell me where does he live? (F)要点五:名词性从句的时态1.在宾语从句中,当主句是一般现在时,其从句的谓语根据各种需要用各种时态。
当主句四一般过去时,从句应使用相应的过去时。
对比如下:Mary is very diligent. Mary was very diligent.Mary is reading English. Tom said Mary was reading English.Tom says Mary will give us a talk. Mary would give us a talk.Mary has been caught in the rain. Mary had been caught in the rain.但是,宾语从句表示事实、格言、谚语等,无论主句是什么时态从句的时态仍用一般现在时。
如:She said that her father is 30 years older than her.她说她父亲比她大三十岁。
Our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.老师告诉我们光的传播速度比声音快多了。
2.在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中,也要注意主从句的谓语动词要一致,关键要注意动作发生的先后。
Who will win the first prize in the contest is not known to us.Have you any idea why he was so rude?要点六:名词性从句的语气只要表示“命令、建议、要求”的各类名词性从句,都要用虚拟语气should + 动词原形,should 可以省略。
如:He made the suggestion that the political prisoners (should) be set free.他提议释放政治犯The court ordered that the case (should )be heard at the end of August.法庭下令在8月末开庭审理此案。
The police demanded that he give them the names.警察要他说出那些人的。
要点七:宾语从句否定词的转移主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, espect, fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.。
如I don’t think he will come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.(而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.)I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.。
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?要点八:引导词that和what用法辨析that不充当任何成分,what可以在从句中充当成分:主语、宾语、表语。
that在宾语从句中可以省略。
但在表语从句,主语从句和同位语从句中一般不省略。
如:下面几种情况不可以省略:1. it作形式宾语,that 引导的真正宾语从句。
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.2. 两个或多个并列的that引导的宾语从句,只有第一个that可省。
Mr. smith told the workers (that) John had worked very hard and that he wanted him stay.要点九:复合形式的引导词的用法1.Whoever=anyone who, whichever, whatever=anything that = 名词/代词+(相关的)连接代词He gave whoever came to the door a smile. = He gave any person who came to the door a smile. 比较:He asked me who broke the glass.(正确)他问我是谁打的玻璃。
He asked me whoever broke the glass.(错误)Whoever goes against law shall be punished=Anybody who goes against law should be punished.(正确)的人将受罚。
Who goes against law shall be punished.(错误)2.wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别wh-ever可引导名词性从句,让步状语从句;no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句Whatever I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.让步状语从句==No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.He would believe whatever I said.宾语从句要点十:同位语从句的that和定语从句的that的区别1. The news that our team had won made us very happy.同位语从句,由that引导,对news的具体容进行说明,that在从句中不充当成分,不可省略。