Daniel_Defoe英文简介PPT
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丹尼尔·笛福简介1. 前言•丹尼尔·笛福(Daniel Defoe)是一位英国作家和记者,他因他的小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》而闻名于世。
•笛福不仅是18世纪文学的重要人物,也是英国历史上最早的专业记者之一。
•本文将介绍笛福的生平及其主要作品,以帮助读者更好地了解这位杰出的作家。
2. 生平•丹尼尔·笛福于1660年出生在英国伦敦一个富有的家庭。
•尽管他的家庭富有,但他在成长过程中经历了许多困难和挫折。
他的父亲是一位商人,但在他年轻的时候就去世了。
•笛福在年轻时曾从事多种职业,包括商人、煤矿所有者和政府间谍等。
这些经历为他后来的写作生涯提供了丰富的素材和灵感。
3. 文学成就3.1 《鲁滨逊漂流记》•《鲁滨逊漂流记》是笛福最著名的作品之一,讲述了一个男人在遇到船只事故后被困在一个荒岛上的故事。
•这部小说被认为是世界上第一部关于荒岛生存的现实主义小说,对后来的冒险小说和流行文化产生了深远的影响。
•《鲁滨逊漂流记》不仅因其引人入胜的故事情节而受到赞赏,还因其深入探讨人类孤立和自我反省的主题而备受推崇。
3.2 其他作品•笛福的文学作品不仅局限于小说,他还写过大量的政治、经济和社会评论。
•他的作品主要围绕着个人自由和人类社会发展的主题展开,深受当时社会上自由思潮的影响。
•其他值得一提的作品包括《智慧之路》、《少壮派天空思考者》等。
3.3 被视为早期记者•笛福是英国历史上最早的专业记者之一。
•他在1695年创办了第一份英国商业报纸《消息报》,成为了一名独立的新闻记者。
•笛福的新闻报道以其准确性和客观性而闻名,这让他在当时的报业界有很高的声誉。
4. 影响和遗产•丹尼尔·笛福的作品对英国文学产生了深远的影响,他被认为是英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一。
•他的作品不仅在英国,而且在全球范围内都广受欢迎,被翻译成多种语言。
•他的文学成就使他成为了18世纪英国文学的重要人物,并为后来的作家提供了灵感和启示。
Daniel Defoe(丹尼尔•笛福) (1660--1731)●Introduction:笛福是小说的最早的倡导者,并为这种新兴文学形式的普及作出了极大贡献,被认为是英国小说之父(the Farther of the English Fiction)。
笛福是一个具有多种才能的多产作家。
共写了500多本不同类型的书和小册子,并与26家杂志有联系,其写作的主题和题材包括政治、犯罪、宗教、婚姻、心理和超自然等。
他也被称为“现代新闻报道之父”。
他的作品,包括大量政论册子,无一不是投合资产阶级发展的需要,写城市中产阶级感兴趣和关心的问题。
●His works:The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》(现在也称Robinson Crusoe)(1719);Captain Singleton《辛格顿船长》(1720);Moll Flanders 《摩尔·弗兰德斯》(1722);A Journal of the Plague Year《大疫年日记》(1722);Roxana《罗克萨娜》(1724);Colonel Jacques《杰克上校》(1722)。
●Appreciation: an excerpt from Chapter Ⅳ.My thoughts were now wholly employed about securing my self againsteither savages, if any should appear, or wild beasts, if any were in the island;and I had many thoughts of the method how to do this, and what kind ofdwelling to make, whether I should make me a cave in the earth, or a tentupon the earth: And, in short, I resolved upon both, the manner anddescription of which, it may not be improper to give an account of.I soon found the place I was in was not for my settlement, particularlybecause it was upon a low moorish ground near the sea, and I believedwould not be wholesome, and more particularly because there was no fresh water near it, so I resolved tofind a more healthy and more convenient spot of ground.I consulted several things in my situation which I found would be proper for me. First, health, andfresh water I just now mentioned. Secondly, shelter from the heat of the sun. Thirdly, security fromravenous creatures, whether men or beasts. Fourthly, a view to the sea, that if God sent any ship in sight, Imight not lose any advantage for my deliverance, of which I was not willing to banish all my expectationyet.In search of a place proper for this, I found a little plain on the side of a rising hill; whose fronttowards this little plain, was steep as a house-side, so that nothing could come down upon me from the top;on the side of this rock there was a hollow place worn a little way in like the entrance or door of a cave,but there was not really any cave or way into the rock at all.On the flat of the green, just before this hollow place, I resolved to pitch my tent: This plain was notabove an hundred yards broad, and about twice as long, and lay like a green before my door, and at the end of it descended irregularly every way down into the low-grounds by the sea-side. It was on the north-northwest side of the hill, so that I was sheltered from the heat every day, till it came to a west and by south sun, or thereabouts, which in those countries is near the setting.Before I set up my tent, I drew a half circle before the hollow place, which took in about ten yards in its semi-diameter from the rock, and twenty yards in its diameter, from its beginning and ending.In this half circle I pitched two rows of strong stakes, driving them into the ground till they stood very firm like piles, the biggest end being out of the ground about five foot and a half, and sharpened on the top: The two rows did not stand above six inches from one another.Then I took the pieces of cable which I had cut in the ship, and I laid them in rows one upon another, within the circle, between these two rows of stakes, up to the top, placing other stakes in the in-side, leaning against them, about two foot and a half high, like a spur to a post, and this fence was so strong, that neither man or beast could get into it or over it. This cost me a great deal of time and labour, especially to cut the piles in the woods, bring them to the place, and drive them into the earth.The entrance into this place I made to be not by a door, but by a short ladder to go over the top, which ladder, when I was in, I lifted over after me, and so I was completely fenced in, and fortified as I thought, from all the world, and consequently slept secure in the night, which otherwise I could not have done, though, as it appeared afterward, there was no need of all this caution from the enemies that I apprehended danger from.Into this fence or fortress, with infinite labour, I carried all my riches, all my provisions, ammunition and stores, of which you have the account above. And I made me a large tent, which, to preserve me from the rains that in one part of the year are very violent there, I made double, viz. One smaller tent within, and one larger tent above it, and covered the uppermost with a large tarpaulin which I had saved among the sails.And now I lay no more for a while in the bed which I had brought on shore, but in a hammock, which was indeed a very good one, and belonged to the mate of the ship.Into this tent I brought all my provisions, and every thing that would spoil by the wet, and having thus enclosed all my goods, I made up the entrance, which till now I had left open, and so passed and re-passed, as I said, by a short ladder.When I had done this, I began to work my way into the rock, and bringing all the earth and stones that I dug down out through my tent, I laid them up within my fence in the nature of a terrace, that so it raised the ground within about a foot and a half; and thus I made me a cave just behind my tent, which served me like a cellar to my house.。