论读书翻译

袁子曰：读书之道，在乎得法。

法之所在，在乎用心。

用心而不杂，则读书之效可期。

夫读书者，非为博闻强识，盖欲明理致用也。

是以古人有云：“读书破万卷，下笔如有神。

”此言读书之要也。

夫读书之法，首在择书。

择书之道，在乎审时。

时之审矣，然后可定其取舍。

是故学者当以圣贤之书为先，次则历代之史，再则诸子百家之论，最后乃至于诗赋词曲。

盖圣贤之书，载道也；历代之史，载事也；诸子百家之论，载理也；诗赋词曲，载情也。

各有所载，各有所长，学者宜兼收并蓄，不可偏废。

次在读书之法。

读书之法，在乎精读与略读。

精读者，详其义理，考其出处，审其文法，辨其辞章也；略读者，观其大意，知其梗概，不求甚解，以广见闻也。

精读与略读，相辅相成，不可偏废。

精读如服药，须得其真味；略读如饮食，须得其营养。

二者兼备，则读书之效自现。

再在读书之法，在乎温故而知新。

温故者，温习旧书，以巩固所学也；知新者，探求新知，以开拓视野也。

温故而知新，乃读书之妙法。

盖旧书之中，往往有新义可发；新书之中，往往有旧理可寻。

二者相辅相成，学者宜常温故而知新。

读书之法，又在乎勤于笔记。

笔记者，记录所读之书，所思所感也。

勤于笔记，则读书之效倍增。

盖笔记可以助记忆，可以助思考，可以助写作。

孔子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

”故读书必勤于笔记，方能有所得。

读书之法，更在乎虚心求教。

虚心求教者，不以己之无知为羞，而勇于请教他人也。

盖学问之道，无涯无际，一人之智，有限有限。

虚心求教，则可以广其见闻，可以增其知识，可以改其错误。

袁子曰：读书之道，在乎得法。

得法者，得读书之妙也。

读书之妙，在乎明理致用。

明理致用者，读书之极也。

学者能遵斯道，则可以成圣成贤，可以治国平天下。

翻译：袁枚说：读书的方法，关键在于找到正确的方法。

正确方法所在，关键在于用心。

用心而不杂乱，那么读书的效果就可以期待。

那些读书的人，不是为了博闻强识，而是想要明白道理，达到实用的目的。

因此古人有这样的话：“读书破万卷，下笔如有神。

Of Studies by Francios BaconS tudies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them,won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed anddigested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he does not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.谈读书读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。

对比Of Studies的四种译文。

哪种译文在风格上与原文更“切近”？你最喜欢哪一种？为什么？OF STUDIESFrancis BaconStudies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots, and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies, is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be, only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of book; else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing, to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases; so every d efect of the mind may have a special receipt.谈读书（译文1）读书可以怡情养性，可以摭拾文采，可以增长才干。

子少时读书，一见辄能诵。

暗疏之，亦不甚失。

然负自放，喜从饮酒滑稽者游。

旬朔之间，把卷无几日，故虽有强记之力，而常废于不勤。

比数年来，颇发愤惩艾，悔前所为；而聪明衰耗，殆不如曩时十一二。

每阅一事，必寻绎数终，掩卷茫然，辄复不省。

故虽有勤苦之劳，而常废于善忘。

嗟夫！败吾业者，常此二物也。

【翻译】当我年轻时，读书时一眼就能背诵出来。

即使默写，也不会出现很大的差错。

然而，我依仗着自己的这种本事，就放纵自己，喜欢和那些喝酒、喜欢滑稽的人交往。

一个月中，看书的日子几乎没有几天，所以即使我有很强的记忆力，也因为不勤奋而经常荒废了。

近几年来，我非常努力地告诫自己，后悔以前的行为；但我的聪明才智已经衰退，几乎不如十一二岁时。

每当看到一件事，我一定要反复推求，直到找到最终的结果。

合上书后，我常常感到迷茫和混乱，经常是不再记得书中的内容。

所以，即使我勤奋刻苦，也因为善忘而常常荒废了学业。

唉！毁坏我学业的原因，就是这两件事。

【原文】子少时读书，一见辄能诵。

暗疏之，亦不甚失。

然负自放，喜从饮酒滑稽者游。

旬朔之间，把卷无几日，故虽有强记之力，而常废于不勤。

比数年来，颇发愤惩艾，悔前所为；而聪明衰耗，殆不如曩时十一二。

每阅一事，必寻绎数终，掩卷茫然，辄复不省。

故虽有勤苦之劳，而常废于善忘。

嗟夫！败吾业者，常此二物也。

【翻译】当我年轻时，读书时一眼就能背诵出来。

即使默写，也不会出现很大的差错。

然而，我依仗着自己的这种本事，就放纵自己，喜欢和那些喝酒、喜欢滑稽的人交往。

一个月中，看书的日子几乎没有几天，所以即使我有很强的记忆力，也因为不勤奋而经常荒废了。

近几年来，我非常努力地告诫自己，后悔以前的行为；但我的聪明才智已经衰退，几乎不如十一二岁时。

每当看到一件事，我一定要反复推求，直到找到最终的结果。

合上书后，我常常感到迷茫和混乱，经常是不再记得书中的内容。

所以，即使我勤奋刻苦，也因为善忘而常常荒废了学业。

唉！毁坏我学业的原因，就是这两件事。